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Behind Stone Walls
BEHIND STONE WALLS CHANGING HOUSEHOLD ORGANIZATION AMONG THE ALBANIANS OF KOSOVA by Berit Backer Edited by Robert Elsie and Antonia Young, with an introduction and photographs by Ann Christine Eek Dukagjini Balkan Books, Peja 2003 1 This book is dedicated to Hajria, Miradia, Mirusha and Rabia – girls who shocked the village by going to school. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface Berita - the Norwegian Friend of the Albanians, by Ann Christine Eek BEHIND STONE WALLS Acknowledgement 1. INTRODUCTION Family and household Family – types, stages, forms Demographic processes in Isniq Fieldwork Data collection 2. ISNIQ: A VILLAGE AND ITS FAMILIES Once upon a time Going to Isniq Kosova First impressions Education Sources of income and professions Traditional adaptation The household: distribution in space Household organization Household structure Positions in the household The household as an economic unit 3. CONJECTURING ABOUT AN ETHNOGRAPHIC PAST Ashtu është ligji – such are the rules The so-called Albanian tribal society The fis The bajrak Economic conditions Land, labour and surplus in Isniq The political economy of the patriarchal family or the patriarchal mode of reproduction 3 4. RELATIONS OF BLOOD, MILK AND PARTY MEMBERSHIP The traditional social structure: blood The branch of milk – the female negative of male positive structure Crossing family boundaries – male and female interaction Dajet - mother’s brother in Kosova The formal political organization Pleqësia again Division of power between partia and pleqësia The patriarchal triangle 5. A LOAF ONCE BROKEN CANNOT BE PUT TOGETHER The process of the split Reactions to division in the family Love and marriage The phenomenon of Sworn Virgins and the future of sex roles Glossary of Albanian terms used in this book Bibliography Photos by Ann Christine Eek 4 PREFACE ‘Behind Stone Walls’ is a sociological, or more specifically, a social anthropological study of traditional Albanian society. -
Rregjimi Komunist Vrau Dhe Pushkatoi 226 Malësorë
E PAVARUR, INFORMATIVE, HISTORIKE DHE PATRIOTIKE Botues; Vasel GILAJ, Viti i botim XXI, Nr 57, Çmimi 2 USD, New York Mars 2016 [email protected] Janar 1945 forcat e Prek Calit vrasin 57 partizanë FAQE 20-21 Zenel Shabani, “Gjenerali me xhamadan” i atdhetarisë FAQE 22-25 Pretash Zeka Ulaj, bajraktari i Kojës dhe kufinjve të Shqipërisë FAQE 26-29 Lukë Kaçaj, Shaljapini sss Shqipetar FAQE 32-35 Malësorët e Plavë e Gucisë një shekull të masakruar Rregjimi komunist FAQE 36-41 Shasi vendbanimi i hershëm ilir, qyteti vrau dhe pushkatoi i 365 kishave FAQE 42-45 Adem Demaci, Profeti i 226 malësorë Kosoves FAQE 46-48 MARS 2016 2 Ju fton të kontriboni, për promovimin dhe mbrojtjen e vlerave të patjetërsueshme që trashëguam si amanet nga të parët! E PAVARUR, INFORMATIVE, HISTORIKE DHE PATRIOTIKE INFORMATIVE, E PAVARUR, MARS 2016 3 Urdhër lirie apo ikje për liri ite me pare ne Bashkin e qytetit te shkodres,keshilli bashkiak dha nje titull nderi. Gazetaret e pranishem e pyeten kryetarin e keshillit se c’ fare ka bere ky person qe nuk e njohim,nuk e dini i pyeti Kryetari gazetaret jo than serish ata,po ky ka Vbere kerkese sqaroi kryetari. Keshtu me duket se ka ndollur edhe me Dekoraten e dhen Shoqatave Malesia e Madhe ne Detroid dhe New York,tashme nga ishe Presidentja e Kosoves A.Jahjaga ne muajin Shkurt te ketij viti,me titullin Urdheri i Lirise. Nisur nga ky fakt dhe vecanarishte nga trumbetimi dhe tundja qe po i bejne keto shoqata kesaj dekorate,dhe posacerishte ata te Detroidit ketyre zoterinjeve deshiroj tu jape dhe pa dyshim miqesishte,disa argumente per mendimin time kundershtues. -
MITROPOLIA E KORÇËS Godina Crnogorske Drzavotornosti, Narodni Muzej Crne Core, Podgorica 2016, Page 135-145
Andrea Llukani ka lindur në Tiranë, më 18 dhjetor 1966. Studimet e larta i ka përfunduar në Universitetin ANDREA LLUKANI Kombëtar “Kapodistria” të Athinës. Gjithashtu ka studiuar në Institutin “Gëte” dhe është specializuar në “Pravoslavna Akademia”, të Çekisë. Gjatë viteve 1998- 2002, ka qenë pedagog në lëndën e Historisë së Krishtërimit, ndërsa më 2001-2002 ka qenë drejtor i radios “Ngjallja”. Prej vitit 2003 deri më 2013 ka qenë Përgjegjës i Personelit të Kompanisë “Global Petroleum Albania”. Aktualisht është Përgjegjës i Sektorit të Menaxhimit të Koleksioneve në “Muzeun Historik Kombëtar”. Prej vitit 2002 është anëtar në International Federation of Jurnalists dhe më 2006 anëtar i Lidhjes së Shkrimtarëve të Shqipërisë. Andrea Llukani ka botuar 50 libra, disa prej tyre i ka përmbledhur në 12 vepra. Gjithashtu ka shkruar artikuj në revista shkencore brenda dhe jashtë vendit: LLUKANI ANDREA “Global Challenge”, “Diskutime”, “Studime ANDREA LLUKANI Muzeologjike”, “Dritëhije”, “Emanthia”, “Albanon”, “Pelegrin” etj. Andrea Llukani është anëtar i redaksisë së revistave shkencore “Studime Muzeologjike” dhe “Dritëhije”. Prej vitesh është kryeredaktor i gazetës dygjuhëshe shqip-italisht “Rrënjët”, “Le Radici”. Artikuj në revista shkencore 1-Llukani, Stamati, Konservimi i kapakut të ungjillit të kishës së Shën Mëhillit, Vithkuq, Studime Muzeologjike Nr. 9, Tiranë 2019, faqe 152-165. 2-Llukani, The monastery of Saint Naum and Irine Banushi, International Scientific Journal Diskutime No. 24-25, Novembre 1st, Tetovo 2019, page 140-147. 3-Llukani, Ikonografët fjonjatë, Pelegrin, nr. 31&32, Athinë 2019, faqe 263-266. 4-Llukani, Manastiri i Gjon Vladimirit qendër e rëndësishme për shkrimet shqipe, Albanon, nr. 1, janar- mars 2019. 5-Llukani, Ndihmesa e Theofan Popës përmuzeologjinë shqiptare, Dritëhije, nr. -
Albania Life #32 (#2 1985)
The electronic version of the book is created by http://www.enverhoxha.ru CONTENTS Editorial 1 Official Announcement 4 Medical Bulletin 9 The Funeral 10 The Funeral Oration, by Ramiz Alia 12 The Plenum of the Central Committee 26 Official Messages of Condolence 27 National Mourning 29 An Interview with Enver Hoxha 30 Memorial Meeting 34 British Press - Lies and Speculation, by Steve Day . 35 Albanian News 37 Current Literature 41 Albanian Society Meetings 44 More Unpublished Correspondence 45 Future Meetings 46 Film Show 47 EDITORIAL We are devoting this issue of ALBANIAN LIFE to Enver Hoxha, who died on April 11th. A telegram of condolences was sent to Albania by the Secretary, and this and the reply are printed below. Extra copies of this Memorial Issue are available from the Secretary at 50p, including postage. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE Enver Hoxha was bom on October 16th, 1908 in the southern Albanian town of Gjirokastra. After receiving primary education in his native town, he attended the French high school in Korça, where he became involved in the revolut• ionary movement. After graduating from the high school in 1930, he was awarded a scholarship to university by the Albanian govern• ment and in the following year at the age of 23 he enrolled in the School of Engineering at the University of Montpell• ier in France. While at university, Hoxha joined the Communist Party of France and, as a result of his political activities,in February the Albanian government suspended his scholarship, so that he was forced to move to Paris to find work. -
Reserch Article Introduction Mirdita , One of the Most Unified, Most
August 2020 e-ISSN: 1857-8187 p-ISSN: 1857-8179 Reserch Article Linguistics ANTHROPONYMY IN MIRDITA. HISTORY OF ANTHROPONYMY IN Keywords: toponyms, anthroponies, MIRDITA ethnonyms, hydronyms, oikonims. Arta Malshi University of Tirana. Albania. Abstract Mirdita, one of the most unified, most identical provinces of the Albanian lands, with a much defined status, in customs and traditions, in clothing and in popular law, with a special provincial cohesion, a name of pride for its inhabitants, began to appear as early as the Middle Ages, with different names, although it was the nucleus of medieval Dukagjini. In what is called Mirdita, in the broadest sense, in the Middle Ages there was an old local Arberian population and this has been proved by the numerous cemeteries, as common burials in one place, a place with agriculture, vineyards, trees, mills, which explains of a sedentary population and this is proved by the numerous churches and monasteries that have their roots in the Early Middle Ages and the body in the Middle Ages. Even today, migratory movements for different reasons are indicative that the people of Mirdita, wherever they are, preserve the memory of their province and consciously present themselves: "I came from Mirdita!”. Introduction Mirdita1, one of the most unified, most identical provinces of the Albanian lands, with a much defined status, in customs and traditions, in clothing and in popular law, with a special provincial cohesion, a name of pride for its inhabitants, began to appear as early as the Middle Ages, with different names, although it was the nucleus of medieval Dukagjini. -
Culture of Albania in Years
Volume 5, issue 3, 2016 e-ISSN: 1857-8187 p-ISSN: 1857-8179 Research Article Cultural Studies Keywords: Cultural development, eradication Culture of Albania in Years (1928-1938) of illiteracy, press, art, theater, music, sculpture, film, and the Albanian Sports Federation. Eriselda Sefa Centre for Albanological Studies, Tirana, Albania. Abstract Albania in the years 1928-1939 was marked by a period of great cultural development. Many Albanians who studied overseas in developed countries brought back best practices. There were developments in social and cultural affairs. Importance was given to reducing illiteracy by opening schools across the country. Literary and scientific books were written, translated, and published. The press played an important role in the revival of cultural life. During this period, newspapers and magazines were published across the country. Music and theater played a major role in cultural revival, with singers Marije Kraja e Tefta Tashko, as well as art and sculpture with the great sculptor Odhise Paskali. In June 1930, the Sports Federation was established. “We must make quick steps and strides towards Western culture and civilization. One thing imposed on us by history, geography, our political position, and the character of our people”39 Ahmet Zogu Civilization and culture in Albania during the monarchy Despite the social and economic challenges of Albania, cultural progress occurred. This development was thanks to the cultural heritage of the National Renaissance, which in years since has served as an inspiration -
Transcending Gender Boundaries Tarifa
Societies Without Borders Volume 2 | Issue 1 Article 6 2007 Balkan Societies of "Social Men": Transcending Gender Boundaries Tarifa Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/swb Part of the Human Rights Law Commons, and the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Tarifa. 2007. "Balkan Societies of "Social Men": Transcending Gender Boundaries." Societies Without Borders 2 (1): 75-92. Available at: https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/swb/vol2/iss1/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Cross Disciplinary Publications at Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Societies Without Borders by an authorized administrator of Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons. Tarifa: Balkan Societies of "Social Men": Transcending Gender Boundaries S W B Societies Without Borders 2 (2007) 75–92 www.brill.nl/swb Balkan Societies of “Social Men”: Transcending Gender Boundaries Fatos Tarifa Eastern Michigan University, Michigan, USA Received 29 June 2006; accepted 10 July 2006 Abstract As transgender identities worldwide have begun to receive attention from students of gender and sexuality, a curious Balkan (but more specifi cally Albanian) tradition of female-to-male transgender (“sworn virgins”) surviving to the present day – an obscure and ambiguous theme until recently – is worthy of sociological attention. The “sworn virgin” phenomenon is stud- ied in a larger, ethno-cultural context, zipping through such complicated – and sociologically contentious – notions as patriarchy, blood-feud, destructive entitlement, etc. It is argued that the “sworn virgins” of the Balkans were forced to become “social men,” assuming masculine social and family roles, due to specifi c economic and social conditions that have historically prevailed in northern Albania, but also in Kosovo and Montenegro. -
Clans, Tribes and Their Locality in Chechnya, Albania, Afghanistan and Iraq
Appendix Clans, Tribes and Their Locality in Chechnya, Albania, Afghanistan and Iraq While compiling the lists with clans the author found that in some cases lists do not (completely) overlap. Since the sources are trustworthy, they are indicated here. This shows the importance of correct knowledge of clans and their influence in the areas they are inhabiting. 1 Clans in Chechnya1 Confederation Clans Localisation A’kkhiï Bartchakhoï, J’evoï, Ziogoï, In the east of Chechnya, Pkhiartchoï, Pkhiartchakhoï, near Daghestan; North of Nokkhoï, Va’ppiï Daghestan Malkhiï Amkhoï, Bia’stiï, Bienastkhoï, In the south west of Italtchkhoï, Kamalkhoï, Chechnya, along the frontier Kkhoratkhoï, Kiegankhoï, with Ingushetia and Georgia Mechiï, Sakankhoï, Teratkhoï, Tchiarkhoï, Erkhoï, Yamkhoï Nokhtchmakhkoï Aïtkhaloï, Belguiatoï, Benoï, East, Southeast and part of Biltoï, Guandarguenoï, central Chechnya Guiordaloï, Gouonoï, Zandak’oï, Ikhiiroï, Ichkhoï, Kourchaloï, Sessankhoï, Tchermoï, Tsientaroï, Tchartoï, Eguiachbatoï, Enakkhaloï, Enganoï, Chouonoï, Yalkhoï, Yaliroï Terloï Nik’aroï, O’chniï, Cho’ndiï, Along the Tchanty-Argun Eltpkh’arkhoï 1 M.A. Mamakaev. Le taipe (lignee) tchétchène dans la période de sa désintégration (Grozny: Maison d’édition tchétchéno-ingouche, 1973), 18–19 in Viacheslav Avioutskii, 54. © koninklijke brill nv, leiden, ���� | doi:10.1163/9789004415485_013 Charlotte Hille - 9789004415485 Downloaded from Brill.com09/30/2021 01:32:57AM via free access <UN> �36 APPENDIX: CLANS, TRIBES AND THEIR LOCALITY Confederation Clans Localisation -
Aliae Indicationes Domorüm
DIRECTIONES ET ALIAE INDICATIONES DOMORÜM ORDINIS FRATRUM MINORUM AD CLARAS AQUAS ptope Florentiam EX TYPOGRAPHIA COLLEGII S. BONAVENTUKAE 1936. ' ■ DIRECTIONES ET ALIAE INDICATIONES DOMOKUM OEDINIS FRATRUM MINORUM AD CLARAS AQUAS prope Florentiam EX TYPOGKAPHIA COLLECJII S. 150NAVENTUKAE 1936. INDEX 1. Elenchus Domorum ad Provincias Ordinis pertinentium . P a g . 1 2. Addenda. .................................................................................................... 2(i7 3. Domus a M in istro Generali d e p e n d e n te s ........................................271 4. Provinciae, Commissariatus Domusque e o r u m ..............................‘273 B. Sedes Commissariorum Terrae S anctae............................................. 287 fi. Sedes Superiorum R egularium M is s io n is ........................................ 289 7. Directiones Episcoporum O r d in is .......................................................292 Abbrevlatlones T it . — Titularis. M n n . — Municipium. Prov. civ. — Provincia* civilis. S ta t. — Status. Prov. relig. Provincia religiosa. Dioec. — Dioecesis. Qnal. — Qualitas. Cap. — Capacitas. Dir. post. — D irectio postalis. NB. — Nomen' Status seu nationis quod in directione postali ple rumque latiné inscriptum reperitur, in linguam vernaculam nationis a qua litterae proficiscuntur vertendum erit. Crassiore charactere sedes Superioris Provinciae et Commissariatus indicantur. Errata Corrige Pag. 23 linea V III Vic. Apost. Aegypti lege: Vic. Apost. Syriae. Conventus S. Francisci et S. Firmini (Matriti) non amplius a Pro vinciis ^Compostellae et Cantabriae sed immediate a Rev.mo P. Ministro Generali dependent. ELENCHUS DOMORUM AD PROVINCIAS ORDINIS PERTINENTIUM Aachen - Tit. SS. Cor Jesii - Mun. Aachen - Prov. civ_ Rheinland - Stat. Deutschlaiid - Prov. relig. Colonieii- sis kSs. Triura Regum - Dloec. Aquensis (Aachen) - Qual. Conventus - Cap. 50 - Domus Novitiatus Fratrum Cle ricorum - Dir. post. Franziskanerkloster, Monheimsallee 51, Aachen (Germania). Aarón Castellanos - TU. Christus Redemptor - Prov. -
2.10. Visual Arts New.Pmd
95 VISUAL ARTS 2.10. FINE /VISUAL ARTS By Ferid Hudhri Note:This chapter covers the early and historical development of visual arts (scuplture, painting,mosaics, etc).There are special chapter on Photograhy, Heraldry, Numismatics,etc , based on their historical development. 1. Antiquity Figurative arts in the Albanian land date back to an- tiquity. The first findings are from the Neolithic Period. Through numerous archaeological discoveries in various areas of the country hundreds and thousands items of ce- ramics, terra cotta, metallic ornaments, etc., belonging to Illyrian tribes, Albanians’ ancestors, have been found. The earliest artifacts are simple; intended for practical applica- tion, and they also contain artistic values embodied in their zoomorphic styles of vessels and their ornaments, carv- ings and other elements. From the 6th century to the 4th century B.C. lines and geometric figures were drawn in ceramics; the form is constructed with silhouettes of a more elegant shape that comes to be enriched with plastic ele- ments. Many vessels of this period, that are preserved to this day in museums of Albania have genuine distinguish- able autochthonous artistic values not encountered in the art of the “Dea of Butrint” marble sculpture ancient neighboring countries, such as Hellenes, Macedonians or Romans. It’s with these ancient vessels, ornamented with maleable decorations and fractures, that the developments of sculpture in Al- bania begins (see chapter 2.2.Archaeology). More clear-cut features appeared particularly with the formation of Illyrian cities, such as Bylis, Amantia, Phoinike and Buthrot, and also those of Hellenic settle- ments, Durrhachium, Apollonia and Orichum. -
Brochure for Prespa Region
1 2 PRESPA A region of clean and healthy environment, an area of cultural and traditional diversity, a beautiful territory welcoming any visitor 3 Table of Contents Table 3 GETTING FAMILIAR WITH THE REGION 3 position 3 countries and municipalities 3 people and their diversity 4 geography 4 climate 4 nature 5 history 5 culture 6 architecture 6 tradition 7 gastronomy 7 agriculture 8 economy 8 tourism 9 interesting facts 10 PUTTING THE REGION ON THE MAP 13 THE REGION BETWEEN HYSTORY AND MYTH 19 THE REGION THROUGH THE YEAR 29 TASTES OF THE REGION 35 WHAT TO VISIT IN THE REGION 56 WHAT TO EXPERIENCE IN THE REGION 60 WHERE TO STAY AND EAT IN THE REGION 4 GETTING FAMILIAR WITH THE REGION Position Prespa region is situated in the southwest part of the Republic of Macedonia and southeast part of Albania and includes Prespa, Ohrid and Korca valleys. The region borders with Greece on its southeast side. On its southwest side in Albania it shares the boundaries with Gjirokaster County, and shares the boundaries with Berat and Elbasan Counties on the west side, while in Macedonia it borders the Municiplaty of Bitola on the west, the Municiplaty of Struga on the east and the Municiplities of Debarca and Demir Hisar on its north. Countries and municipalities The region includes two municipalities in Macedonia, Resen and Ohrid, and the whole Korca region in Albania. Korca County includes the districts of Devolli (Bilisht), Kolonja (Erseke), Korca and Pogradec. Administrative division of Korca comprises four districts, 6 cities, 31 communes and 344 villages. -
Common and Special Features of the First School of Drawing in Albania and the First School of Applicative Arts in Kosovo
E-ISSN 2240-0524 Journal of Educational and Vol 9 No 1 ISSN 2239-978X January 2019 Social Research . Research Article © 2019 Shpresa Tolaj Gjonbalaj and Rregjina Gokaj. This is an open access article licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Common and Special Features of the First School of Drawing in Albania and the First School of Applicative Arts in Kosovo Ph.D. Shpresa Tolaj Gjonbalaj Academy of Albanological Studies Tirana, Albania Prof. Ass. Dr. Rregjina Gokaj University “AleksandërMoisiu” Durrës, Albania Doi: 10.2478/jesr-2019-0005 Abstract This article tries to give a vivid frame of the historical background of the development of figurative art in both sides of Albanian boarders, thus that of Kosovo and Albania, as a unique belonging of the same national features. It is represented through a historical and theoretical background so that to show the roots and the layers of the development of art in Europe, which is in all senses the impact Albanian art, but not only has taken from. Pure and concrete examples of Albanian painters of the very first generation and as an inspiration to what follows later, are given to demonstrate the will and need of Albanian society to cultivate artistic tastes. Keywords: figurative art, schools of art, painting and drawing, trends in painting “Art is the most sublime mission of man, since it is the expression of thought seeking to understand the world and to make it understood.” Auguste Rodin 1. Introduction The very first constituted schools of Arts in Albania started to sprout at the beginning of the twentieth century.