Sadeghi et al. UJPBS 2014, 02 (02): Page 21-25

ISSN 2347 -3614

UNIQUE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Available online: www.ujconline.net

Research Article

IDENTIFICATION AND INVESTIGATION OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS (WEIGHT AND LENGHT) 0F FISHES IN FAHLIYAN RIVER Sadeghi Limanjoob Reza 1* , Pourdavood Mahdi 2, Kargar Jahromi Hossein 3,4 , Syahmard Nahid 5, Bathaee Seyed Hamid 6, Mahmoudi Teimourabad Saeid 6, Farzam Mohammad 7 1Department of Aquatic Health, Veterinary School, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, 2Agricultural Education Center , Fars, Iran 3Zoonoses research center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran 4Young Researchers Club Elite, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran 5Department of Physiology, International Branch, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran 6Department of science, Institution of Supreme Education and Industry of Maragheh, Maragheh ,Iran 7Department of Anatomy and Embryology, International Branch, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

Received 20-01-2014; Revised 15-02-2014; Accepted 13-03-2014 *Corresponding Author : Sadeghi Limanjoob Reza, Department of Aquatic Animal Health , Veterinary School , Kazerun Branch , Islamic Azad University , Kazerun , Iran . Tel: +989173243418, E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Aquatics have had an important or even vital role in nutrition of world's humans, and they have always sought to maintain the produce these creatures. The aim of this study is to identify the different of fish that live in Fahliyan River and to investigate morphological –meristic and anatomical characteristics of fishes for obtaining information.Methodology: Sampling was conducted in the summer and autumn in 2013. Fishes were caught by throwing net and transmitted to laboratory of Kazeroon University. Then the fishes were identified and then biometry and autopsy operations were conducted on fishes. Results: The results obtained in this study showed that the prevalence of six species of fish caught in the Fahliyan River were as follows: tenuiradius Cyprinion (79.28 percent), barroisi persica (21.21 percent), Barbus barbulus (21 . 21%), Barbus luteus (15.15 percent), Garra rufa (58.7%) and Cyprinion macrostomum (06.6 percent). Also, investigation of the percent of fishes’ frequency of fish in the summer season showed the following: tenuiradius Cyprinion (43.23 percent), Capoeta barroisi persica (32.24 percent), Barbus luteus (92.18 percent), Barbus barbulus (51.13%) and Cyprinion macrostomum (81 . 10%). Frequency percent in autumn included: Barbus barbulus (03.31%), tenuiradius Cyprinion (14.24 percent), Capoeta barroisi persica (24.17 percent), Garra rufa (24.17%) and Barbus luteus (34.10 percent). Discussion and Conclusions: In this study, considering factors such as fields toxins' entering Fahliyan river, river erosion due to abuse of the lands around the river, entering the waste, illegal fishing, lack of attention of officials of environment organization and not giving environmental awareness to people in low land population and lack of rain in recent years has caused species like Abuhanj, chalcalburnus chalcoides, Scomberomorus commerson, Capoeta and Chalcalburnus to be lacked. Also, because such Chalcalburnus species in Fahliyan River is reported for the first time, the absence of these species in the history of Fahliyan's ecosystem it is concluded that irreversible impacts regarding endangered species has been imposed. Keywords: Fish Identification, Fields Toxins, Morphologic, Fahliyan River

INTRODUCTION Knowing and investigating biological and ecological of different fish species in an aquatic ecosystem, maintain and Investigation of fishes in aquatic ecosystems is of great rebuild their reserves. In this respect, all of them and importance for assessing evolution, ecology, behavior, economically or non-economically due to their role in aquatic conservation, water resources management, resource systems are of great value 1. utilization and fish farming. And in the fisheries studies of Since long time ago aquatics have always had important or waters, before anything else, fishes are studied, in other words even vital role in nutrition of world's people and human beings fishes identification in aquatic ecosystems is the first step. have always sought to maintain and produce these creatures Unique Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, 02(02), March-April 2014 21 Sadeghi et al. UJPBS 2014, 02 (02): Page 21-25 in humans' life has been and many research achievements have Chalcalburnus. Barbus barbulus: body elongated from the been looking for it 2. In general, fish es have had the most sides slightly compressed, a long head , long and protruding species among vertebrates and so far, about 28,900 species snout, large and bottom mouth and thick and fleshy lips. They have been identified that about 11,500 species of them live in have two pairs of Sbylk, Sbylkha are long and thick, last freshwater. Ichthyology study on inland waters has less than radius of dorsal fin is bony and serrated. This fish has been 150 years history but these studies have been started in the observed for the first time in Mamasani region 5. Cyprinion Caspian Sea area since the 1777 by Soviet ichthyologists. macrostomum: its body is compact and high. The maximu m Unfortunately, in our country, ichthyology have been scattered hight of body is 6.3 the length of the head four times the and without plan and there are still a lot of puzzles and whole body length. Head length is less than the height of the unknowns in terms of systematic, biological and ecological body 5. Barbus kosswigi: Have two pairs of Sbylk. The mouth specially economically uniqe endangered species that needs is end and upper lip is fleshy and more ahead. Body is systematic researches 1 . Fahliyan in the local dialect is the Compact with lar ge scales whose number on lateral line is 27 name of one of the five villages of Mamasani that is located in to 30 7. Tenuiradius Cyprinion. This fish has three-row approximately west of the region and the river Fahliyan and pharyngeal teeth. Scales on lateral line is from 34 to 40. springs cross it. This area is made up of eleven villages whose Number of thorns of initial gills of gill arch on the exterior center is Fahliyan village. Fish identified in the river Fahliyan part is 10-12 and in enterior 16 -17, 7. And several other fish include: Mastacembelus these fishes spread into in fresh water species such as Carassius carassius Capoeta damascina, and brackish of tropical Africa and Southeast Asia and live in Capoeta trutta and Calcalburnus mossulensis. the mud layer of the river bed. Their dorsal fin is dark with grayish yellow spots and body with dark brown spots 3 METHODOLOGY : Cyprinidae is of the largest fish families with To begin the study in the summer in August 1392, first the about 2010 species of freshwater fish es that subfamily of this permit was taken from Environmental organization of family named Cyprinidae includes 700 species , and most of Mamasani city and with full equipment for fishing we went to them are having Sbylkdar mouth called Sbylkdar And Barbus Brdngan area and attempted to capture the different species. 4 is placed in this subfamily . Barbus grypus: catching this fish Fishing was through throwing net both in summer and autumn nowadays unlike past has greatly reduced and is seldom to be that the caught fishes were brought out of fishing net and caught. In the wetsheds of Hormuz, kazerun Gulf is the aqueous solvent were put in a strong nylon and among ice 5 dominant fish place of this fishes' living place . Barbus luteus: powders inside the Yonolit chamber and then taking the time, this fish has large scales and a pair of sybilak on it and the they were transferred to the laboratory of university and after number of squamous on its lateral line is about 27. The dorsal identification, biometric operations were performed on each 6 fin has a radius of about 12 . Garra rufa obtusa has two pairs segment separately. For biomet ric evaluation each component of short sybilk and lobes are well developed and frizzy . Body was placed separately autopsy tray , and using a ruler and a color varies in different environments is dark brown to light digital scale, their body length and weight were measured and 3 brown . Capoeta barroisi persica is of carpedae members that recorded, respectively,. are in need of further investigation in Iran. It has elongated and spindle-shaped body and its back is black. Place the fish RESULTS lives is the streams, rivers and wetlands with aquatic plants or Diagram (1) shows the results obtained from species roots of trees as shelter or accumulate in sand beds 5. frequency during the term showed that Cyprinion tenuiradius Chalcalburnus has elongated body, it has bottom mouth and had highest frequency (28.79) and Cyprinion macrostomum horseshoe-shaped and has a pair of Sbylk 5. basically people of tenuiraisius had the lowest frequency (6.06). Mamasani region call the fishes that are wide-body as

Diagram 1: Frequency of fish caught during the sampling period Garra rufa Cyprinion obtusa, 7.58 Cyprinion macrostomum, tenuiradius, 28. 6.06 79

Barbus barbulus, 21.21

Capoeta Barbus barroisi luteus, 15.15 persica, 21.21

Unique Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences , 02(02), March-April 2014 22 Sadeghi

During Fishing conducted in summer, 37 fish from different species were collected, including 7 Barbus luteus, 4 Cyprinion macrostomum, 12 Cyprinion tenuiradius, 5 barbulus and 9 Capoeta barroisi persica. During fishing in conducted during the autumn , 29 fishes were collected five different species, including tilapia

12 12 11 10 9 9 8 7 7 6 5 5 4 3 2 1 0

Diagram (2) number of

Diagram (3) the results obtained from mean length of species duringsampling showed that Cyprinion tenuiradius

Diagram (4) results of average weight during sampling showed that Barbus barbulus with 90.6 grams had Unique Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences Sadeghi et al. UJPBS 2014, 02 (02): Page 21-25

Diagram 4: Average weight of fish caught during

100 89.5 90.6 90 83.15 80 69.5 70 71.5 60 50 40 30 20 10 22.5 0 Series1

The results obtained from mean length of fish species in weight of the species during the summer. And Capoeta summer showed that Capoeta barroisi persica , had the highest barroisi persica with 112.34 grams had the highest average average length of 23 cm and fish luteus Barbus with 15.14 cm weight and Barbus luteus with 41.76 mg had lowest average had the lowest average length of the Species.... weight of species . In autumn Barbus barbulus had highest The results obtained from mean weight of fish species in frequency (31 . 03) and Barbus luteus the lowest frequency summer showed that Capoeta barroisi persica with 112.34 (10.34) and in the mean length of fish species in autumn grams hadthe highest average weight and Barbus luteus with tenuiradius Cyprinion with 33.57 cm had maximum le ngth of 41.76 mg had the lowest average weight species . and Garra rufa with 11.6 cm had the minimum length and the The results obtained from mean weight of fish species in mean weight of fish species in autumn, Barbus luteus with autumn showed that Barbus luteus with 111.67 grams had the 111.67 grams had highest average weight and Cyprinion highest average weight and macrostomum Cyprinion with macrostomum with 24.7 the lowest average weight. And 24.7 had the lowest average weight. The results from the mean results from number o f caught fishes in both summer and length of fish species in autumn showed that Cyprinion autumn showed that in summer the highest number belonged tenuiradius with 33.57 cm had maximum length and Garra to Cyprinion teniradius with 12 one and the lowest number to rufa with 11.6 cm had the lowest lenghth . Garra rufa with 0 one. And in autumn the highest number was for Barbus barbulus with 9 fish and the lo west for Barbus DISCUSSION luteus with 3. In this study, the frequency of species during sampling, the A study by Minab et al (2013) was conducted to investigate highest frequency belonged to (28.79) tenuiradius Cyprinion the biochemical changes of Cyprinion macrostomum and and the lowest frequency to (6.06) macrostomum Cyprinion Capoeta damascina in the warm season (summer) and cold and meanlength of species during sampling was Cyprinion (autumn); in each season 9 sample of Cyprinion macrostomum tenuiradius with 30 cm and Garra rufa with 11 cm had lowest with average total weight of 350 grams and total length of mean species, mean weight species during sampling was for 16.5 cm, and Cyprinion macrostomum with an average weight Barbus barbulus with 90.6 grams and Garra rufa with 22.5 mg of 345 grams and a total length of 15.8 cm were examined ahd lowest weight. from Cesar river in Lorestan province. In the summer Cyprinion tenuiradius had highest frequency In new research in Fahliyan river in autu mn the highest mean (32.43) and Cyprinion macrostomum had the lowest frequency weight was for hemri with 111.67 grams and the lowest 8 (10.81) and the mean length of fish species in summer weight was for butak with 24.7garms . Capoeta barroisi persica had the highest average length of 23 According to investigations conducted by Hashemi and cm and Barbus luteus with 15.14 cm had the lowest mean Mortazavi (1999) on the population dynamics of B. grypus Unique Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences , 02(02), March-April 2014 24 Sadeghi et al. UJPBS 2014, 02 (02): Page 21-25 and Brzm in the Karun River, more than two thousand fishes The absence of these species in the history of the river were examined. B. grypus had an average length of 37.94 in ecosystem of Fahliyan, we conclude that irreversible impacts the range 20-76 cm, Brzm 43.62 in the range of 20-94 cm and of endangered species have been entered. a mean weight of B. grypus was 873.20 in the range of 52- 1170 g and Brzm 778.59 in the range 52-4675 g. In a new REFERENCES study Brzm fish had the highest mean weight 90.6 during the 1. Abdoli, A. Fish Iranian waters. 1378. Wildlife 9,10 sampling period in summer and autumn . Museum of Tehran Press , pp. 375 Research carried out by burani and naninejad (1995) on Arjan 2. Zolali, Eskandar. Studying Effect of histopathology plain Fish of Reservoir Lake of Maku Dam mean length of of parasites Contracecum on Barbusse fish luteus fish 23.9 cm and a mean weight was 162 g and its length area of Parishan Lake. Veterinary PhD thesis: Winter ranges was between 3.5 to 39 cm and maximum frequnecy of 1386. Pages 28 and 29 fish was for fishe with length of 26 cm. in New Survey mean 3. Dehghani, A. Ecosystem of Parishan Lake. Mehr length and weight of Arjan plain fish in the Fahliyan river, Publications; 1384. No. 7-4-59-44 highest average length was 23 cm and highest mean weight 4. Dawes J. The concise Encyclopedia of popular 11 was 112.43 g . freshwater tropical fish.paragon,. 1998; 256p In researcher by Vosughi and colleagues fishes of parishan 5. Vosoughi, Gh. Azeri Takami, Gh. Ahmadi, M. Khosh Lake, they managed to catch six fish species that their Zahmat, A. Recognition of native fishes of Parishan frequencies was as follows : Mud fish eater 9.6 percent , fish Lake and river around Kazeroon and Mamasani. Arjan plain 25.8 percent , fish Hmry 3.2 per cent , fish Thesis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 37: 1. tradescantia 6.4 percent , fish Bvtk 29.3 % of B. grypus 25.8 6. Golchin Menshadi, A. Department. Plans to evaluate per cent. internal and external parasites of native and New research conducted on fishes of Fahliyan river,six introduced fish to Parishan Lake according to local species were caught and frequency of Cyprinion tenuiradius ecological conditions. 1388 (28.79 percent ) , fish Dshtarzhny ( 21.21 percent ) , fish Brzm 7. Ezadi, GH. Identify fish waters of Fars Provice. ( 21.21 percent ) , fish Hmry ( 15.15 percent ) , fish Ljnkhvar ( (Unpublished), 1379. Initiative of Agriculture and 7.58 %) and fish Bvtk ( 6 . 06 %). and the highest prevalence Natural Resources Research Center of Fars: pp. 2-3. in summer months was for Cyprinion tenuiradius 32.43 %, and 8. Minabi, Kh. Zakeri, M. Ronagh, M. Kouchinin, P. lowest for Bvtk with 10.81 % and in autumn highest Haghi, M. Mormezi, M. Minabi, A. Evaluation of frequency was for barzam 31 . 03 %, and lowest in fish biochemical changes Cyprinion macrostomum and 5 abundance was Hmry 10.34 percent . black fish (Capoeta damascina) in the warm season In a study by eskandari et al. on Dez Dam lake from January (summer) and cold (autumn). Spring 1391. Quarterly 1992 till December 1993 for Ichthyology; 12 species Journal of Eco Biology of Pond, Islamic Azad belonging to three families were identified. Carp family with 9 University of Ahvaz Branch, No. 11: Third Year species was the most frequent. Fish abundance was highest in 9. Hashemi, A. Mortazavi, A. Dynamic’s population of summer. fish, Barbus grypus and Barbus barbulus fish in Among the fish species Capoeta trutta with 63.95 percent, B. Karun River. 1387. Institute of Aquaculture of south grypus with 11.99 and Barbus grypus with 19.11% and Barbus country – Ahvaz esocinus with a 11.25 percent, highest incidence of other 10. Sayad Bourani, M. Nahni Nejad, D. 1383. Journal of species respectively and other species had 5.96% of the total Fisheries - Lake Reservoir assessment of fish stocks 11 abundance . of Maku dam. Pages 115-116 CONCLUSION 11. Eskandari, GH. Sabz Alizadeh, S. Dehghan Mediseh, S. Miyahi, Y. The structure of fish populations in according to the results of the study it can be stated that by Lake of Dez dam. Aquaculture Research Center of preventing inappropriate use of the river water that cause the south country – Ahvaz. Spring of 1386. State of trap loss of some species and preventing illegal fishing and making and aquatic: Number 74. some dikes for villages near Fahliyan River to prevent toxins entering the river, should prevent loss of fish. Also, since tradescantia is reported for the first time in Fahliyan River.

Source of support: Nil, Conflict of interest: None Declared

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