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Corel Ventura Este libro forma parte del acervo de la Biblioteca Jurídica Virtual del Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas de la UNAM www.juridicas.unam.mx https://biblio.juridicas.unam.mx/bjv Libro completo en: https://goo.gl/D2XTZC SCHOOL AND CULTURE Jean-Paul D URAND1 M ister C hairman, ladies and gentlemen! During this international congress of canonists on the theme of religious liberty here in Mexico City, we are going tospeak of the links between the school and culture. How then could we forgettopay tributetothe1 982Mexico Declaration on Cultural Policy?2 D rafted under the auspices of U N ESCO , that Mexico Declaration provided the follow-up to the Convention on the struggle againstdiscrimination in the field of teaching, which had been previously a d o p te d b y U N E SC O o n th e 1 4th D e c e m b e r 1 960. L et us note also that the Holy See has entertained close relations with UNESCO since 1946, the year after its creation as the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation on 1 6 November 1 945.3 1 Dean of theFaculty of Canon L aw, InstitutCatholique de Paris, France. 2 Mondiacult 1982, Déclaration de Mexico , in Conférence mondiale sur les politiques culturelles (Mexico, 26juillet-6août1982), Paris, U N ESCO, C L T /MD /1 , 1 982: L a déclaration adoptéeà l unanimité par cent trente gouvernementstraite notamment du rôle de la famille, des rapports entre la culture et léducation. La culture estdéfinie en cestermesdansla déclaration de Mexico: Dansle sensle pluslarge, la culture peut aujourd hui être considérée comme l ensemble des traits distinctifs, spirituels et matériels, intellectuelsetaffectifs, qui caractérisentune sociétéou un groupe social. Elle englobe, outre lesartsetles lettres, les modes de vie, les droitsfondamentaux de l être humain, les systèmes de valeurs, les traditions et les croyances. L a culture donne à l homme la capacité de réflexion sur lui-même. C estelle qui faitde nous des êtresspécifiquementhumains, rationnels, critiquesetéthiquementengagés. C estpar elle que nousdiscernons des valeurs et effectuons des choix. C estpar elle que l homme s exprime, prend conscience de lui-même, se reconnaîtcomme un projetinachevé, remeten question ses propres réalisations, recherche inlassablement de nouvelles significations et crée des oeuvres qui le transcendent. (in Hervé C arrier S. J., Lexique de la culture pour lanalyseculturelle etlinculturation,Desclée,1992,p.116). 3 Maurice Barbier, LEglise Catholique et lUNESCO. Vingt-cinq ans de relations, présentation de V incent Cosmao O. P. , éd. Centre L . -J. L ebret Foi et Développement , 1 971 , 1 51 pages; Mgr Benelli, LUNESCO et le Concile au service de lhomme , La soirée de lUNESCO sur le Concile, in La documentation catholique, 1 471 , 1 5 mai 1 966, col. 909-911 ; Card. Suenens, A l écouteetau service des hommes, le Concile devantle monde etdevantlhistoire , ibid., col. 911-926; René Cassin, Vatican II et la protection de la personne , ibid. , . col. 924-928; Jacques Maritain, L e rôle du spirituel à l égard du progrès et de la paix , ibid. , col. 929-934; Philippe L aurent S.J., L e Saint-Siège à L UNESCO, trois orientations en jeu dans l actuelle C onférence générale , in La Croix,4novembre1987,p.15;MgrJean Millet, Groupe de travail (ONG) Sciences etéthique à lUNESCO, Chronique de lUNESCO , in Espritetvie, 1995,pp. 194-195. 241 DR © 1996. Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Este libro forma parte del acervo de la Biblioteca Jurídica Virtual del Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas de la UNAM www.juridicas.unam.mx https://biblio.juridicas.unam.mx/bjv Libro completo en: https://goo.gl/D2XTZC 242 JEAN-PAUL DURAND We will have the occasion later to return to the institutional effortof the Catholic Church in favour of culture,4 especially in the field of school education, 5 butalso withrespecttoseminary6 and universityeducation.7 This 4 Coll. Christianisme etculture en Europe, mémoire, conscience, projet, Colloque présynodal, Vatican, 28-31 octobre 1 991, préface du cardinal Paul Poupard, Conclusion de SS. PP. Jean Paul II, éd. Mame, 1 992, 248pages; Paul V I , L ettre L umen Ecclesiae pour le V I I è centenaire de la mortde saintT homas d Aquin (20 novembre 1 974), in La documentation catholique, 1 671 , 2 mars 1 975, pp. 202-21 4; à propos de linculturation, le Pape Jean-Paul II a déclaré devant la Commission biblique pontificale: Le terme acculturation ou inculturation peuttrèsbien être un néologisme, maisil exprime parfaitementl un deséléments du grand mystère de l incarnation (26 avril 1 979), cit., par Hervé C arrier S. J., Lexiquedelaculture, op. cit., p. 13; Joseph Caillot, Eudiste, Bible etcultures, in L Evangile de la communication, c o l l . C o g i ta ti o fidei N 1 52, éd. C erf, 1 989, pp. 309-330; C laude Geffré O. P. (D ir. ), Michel de Certeau ou la différence chrétienne, coll. Cogitatiofidei N 165, éd. Cerf, 182pages; Anne Fortin-Melkevik, Théologie, université etespacespublics. Quelle théologie pour quelle culture ? Théologiques, 2/1 , 1 994, p p . 1 27-1 39. 5 D éclaration De educatione christiana Gravissimum educationis (du Concile V atican II); Education, culture, Evangélisation, éd. V atican, 1 986; Rapport de synthèse du Conseil pontifical pour la Culture, du Conseil pontifical pour les laïcs et de la Congrégation pour l Education catholique, L Eglise et la culture universitaire (25 mars 1 988), in La documentation catholique, N 1 964, 1 988, p p . 623- 628; D o c u m e n t d e la Congrégation pour l Education catholique, du Conseil pontifical pour les laïcs etdu Conseil pontifical de la Culture, La présence de lEglise dans luniversitéetdans la culture universitaire (22 mai 1944), in La documentation catholique, N 2097 , 1 994, p p . 604- 61 0. 6 Degert, Histoire des séminaires français jusqu à la Révolution, éd. Paris, 1 912; D écretPresbyterorum ministerio et vita presbyterorum ordinis (du Concile V atican II); L ettre de la Sacrée congrégation de lEducationcatholique: Lenseignementdelaphilosophiedanslesséminaires (20janvier1972)et Circulaire de la Sacrée congrégation pour l Education catholique: l enseignementdu droitcanonique pour les aspirants au sacerdoce (2 avril 1 975), et D ocument de la Sacrée congrégation pour l Education catholique: L a formation théologique des futurs prêtres (22 février 1 976), in La documentation catholique,1605,19mars 1972, pp. 262-267et1679, 6juillet1975, pp. 607-609et1698,16mai 1976, pp. 457-477; Directivespour la préparation des éducateurs de séminaires de la C ongrégation pour l Education catholique, in La documentation catholique, N 2089, 1 994, pp. 209-223; Directoire pour le ministère etla vie des prêtres de la Congrégation pour le Clergé, in La documentation catholique, N 2092, 1 994, p p . 360-389; D i recti v es pour la formation des séminaristes sur les problèmes relatifs au mariage età la famille, dela Congrégation pour lEducationcatholique , in La documentation catholique, N 21 20, 1 995, p p . 279-287; C o l l ecti f, La formation des prêtres, Synode de 1 990, coéd. Cerf-Centurion, 1 990, 336 pages; Instrument de travail, La for- mation des prêtres, coll; D ocumentsd Eglises, éd. C erf, 1 990, 90pages; Jean-Paul II, Je vousdonnerai des pasteurs, Exhortation sur la formation desprêtresdanslescirconstancesactuelles, introduction de Raymond Deville, coll. DocumentsdesEglises, éd. Cerf, 1 992, 232 pages. 7 G. Bardy, L Eglise etl enseignementen Occidentau V siècle, éd. Toulouse, 1948; René Aigrain, Les universités catholiques, éd. AugustePicard, 1935, 81 pages; Gérad Cholvy, LEgliseetlesuniversitésde 1919à 1960, in Esprit etvie, 20, 1 8 mai 1 995, pp. 300-303; Pie X I, Constitution apostolique Deus scientiarum sur les universités etfacultés détudes ecclésiastiques (24 mai 1931), in La documentation catholique, 1950, col. 195-206; Paul Tillich, Théologie de la culture, éd. Planète, 1 968; Jean-Paul I I , Constitution apostolique Ex corde Ecclesiae (1 5 août 1 990), in La documentation catholique,2015, 1990,pp. 934-945; Jean-Paul II, Constitution apostoliqueSapientiachristiana surlesuniversitésetfacultés ecclésiastiques (15 avril 1979) in La documentation catholique, 76, 1 979, pp. 551-561; Paul L öwenthal (dir. ), L universitécatholique aujourd hui, libertéetengagements, éd. Academia, 1 994, 1 40pages; Jean-Paul Durand O.P., Pour une théologie universitaire , in La documentation catholique,N2107,1995,p.21;P. Delhaye, L organisation scolaire au XIIèsiècle, éd. L ouvain, 1 961; J. V erger, Lesuniversitésau Moyen Age, éd. PUF, 1973;JeanGaudemet, Lesuniversitésetlaviepolitique(XIIIè-XVIIIè siècles) , in A. Romano & J. V erger (D ir.), I poteri politici e il mondo universitario (XIII-XX secolo), éd. Rubbettino, 1 994, pp. 3-1 6, Daniel Bloch, Pour les universités , in Etudes, 381 3, 1 994, pp. 205-21 5; Jean-Paul I I , Discorsi alle università, éd. C amerino, 1 991 . DR © 1996. Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Este libro forma parte del acervo de la Biblioteca Jurídica Virtual del Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas de la UNAM www.juridicas.unam.mx https://biblio.juridicas.unam.mx/bjv Libro completo en: https://goo.gl/D2XTZC SCHOOL AND CULTURE 243 ecclesial effort concerns one of the tria munera,thatistosaythemunus docendi. 8 The rightto education is recognised as a fundamental rightof the person in several international conventions, a number of which were mentioned in 1 983 by Professor Roland Minnerath in his book dealing with the context of C oncordatlaw in respectof the righttoeducate. C oncordatlaw isoftenrequired to deal w ith C oncordatStateson the question of the C hurch s rightto educate, for example, the 1993PolishConcordat.9 W i th r e sp e c t to th e l i n k s b e tw e e n e d u c a ti o n a n d c u l tu r e , P r o f e sso r Jo z e f Krokowski, atthe lastcongressof our international association of canonistsat Lublin in 1993, presented the main principles of stateand international law r e l a ti n g to r e l i g i o u s e d u c a ti o n w i th i n th e f r a m e w o r k o f sc h o o l e d u c a ti o n .
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