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BIbLIOGRAPHY 2016 AFI Annual Report. (2017). Alliance for Financial Inclusion. Retrieved July 31, 2017, from https://www.afi-global.org/sites/default/files/publica- tions/2017-05/2016%20AFI%20Annual%20Report.pdf. A Law of the Abolition of Currencies in a Small Denomination and Rounding off a Fraction, July 15, 1953, Law No.60 (Shōgakutsūka no seiri oyobi shiharaikin no hasūkeisan ni kansuru hōritsu). Retrieved April 11, 2017, from https:// web.archive.org/web/20020628033108/http://www.shugiin.go.jp/itdb_ housei.nsf/html/houritsu/01619530715060.htm. About PBC. (2018, August 21). The People’s Bank of China. Retrieved August 21, 2018, from http://www.pbc.gov.cn/english/130712/index.html. About Us. Alliance for Financial Inclusion. Retrieved July 31, 2017, from https:// www.afi-global.org/about-us. AFI Official Members. Alliance for Financial Inclusion. Retrieved July 31, 2017, from https://www.afi-global.org/sites/default/files/inlinefiles/AFI%20 Official%20Members_8%20February%202018.pdf. Ahamed, L. (2009). Lords of Finance: The Bankers Who Broke the World. London: Penguin Books. Alderman, L., Kanter, J., Yardley, J., Ewing, J., Kitsantonis, N., Daley, S., Russell, K., Higgins, A., & Eavis, P. (2016, June 17). Explaining Greece’s Debt Crisis. The New York Times. Retrieved January 28, 2018, from https://www.nytimes. com/interactive/2016/business/international/greece-debt-crisis-euro.html. Alesina, A. (1988). Macroeconomics and Politics (S. Fischer, Ed.). NBER Macroeconomics Annual, 3, 13–62. Alesina, A. (1989). Politics and Business Cycles in Industrial Democracies. Economic Policy, 4(8), 57–98. © The Author(s) 2018 355 R. Ray Chaudhuri, Central Bank Independence, Regulations, and Monetary Policy, https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-58912-5 356 BIBLIOGRAPHY Alesina, A., & Grilli, V. -
Dissertation Irene Schrotenboer Final
Tilburg University Dynamics of payments, conflict and economic activity Lubberman-Schrotenboer, I.G. Publication date: 2014 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication in Tilburg University Research Portal Citation for published version (APA): Lubberman-Schrotenboer, I. G. (2014). Dynamics of payments, conflict and economic activity: Case studies of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia. CentER, Center for Economic Research. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 28. sep. 2021 Dynamics of payments, conflict and economic activity Case studies of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia Dynamics of payments, conflict and economic activity Case studies of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan Tilburg University op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof. dr. Ph. Eijlander, in het openbaar te verdedigen ten overstaan van een door het college voor promoties aangewezen commissie in de aula van de Universiteit op maandag 1 december 2014 om 10:15 uur door Irene Geessien Lubberman-Schrotenboer geboren op 23 mei 1977 te Sneek. -
CY19 January a Collection of Bitcoin Commentary from the Brightest
CY19 January A collection of Bitcoin commentary from the brightest minds in the crypto community. Crypto Words CY19 January Contents Goals and Scope ......................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Support Crypto Words .......................................................................................................................................................... 3 Cryptocurrency: The Canary in the Coal Mine.................................................................................................. 4 Tweetstorm: Bitcoin’s 10 Year Anniversary ......................................................................................................... 6 Bitcoin: Two Parts Math, One Part Biology .......................................................................................................... 8 Planting Bitcoin - Season (2/4) .................................................................................................................................... 12 Planting Bitcoin - Gardening (4/4) ............................................................................................................................ 18 Planting Bitcoin — Soil (3/4) .......................................................................................................................................... 25 Planting Bitcoin — Species (1/4) ............................................................................................................................... -
Exchange Rate Arrangements and Currency Convertibility: Developments and Issues
WORLD ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL SURVEYS Exchange Rate Arrangements and Currency Convertibility Developments and Issues Prepared by a Staff Team led by R. Barry Johnston with Mark Swinburne Alexander Kyei Bernard Laurens David Mitchem Inci Otker Susana Sosa Natalia Tamirisal INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND Washington, DC 1999 ©International Monetary Fund. Not for Redistribution © 1999 International Monetary Fund Production: IMF Graphics Section Figures: Theodore F. Peters, Jr. Typesetting: Joseph Ashok Kumar ISBN 1-55775-795-X ISSN 0258-7440 Price: US$25.00 (US$20.00 to full-time faculty members and students at universities and colleges) Please send orders to: International Monetary Fund, Publication Services 700 19th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20431, U.S.A. Tel: (202) 623-7430 Telefax: (202) 623-7201 E-mail: [email protected] Internet:http://www.imf.org recycled paper ©International Monetary Fund. Not for Redistribution Contents Page Preface vii List of Abbreviations ix Part I I Overview 1 II Convertibility of Currencies for Current International Payments and Transfers 6 The IMF's Jurisdictional View of Exchange Restrictions 6 Trends in Exchange Controls on Payments for Current Account Transactions and Current Transfers 9 Coordinating Exchange and Trade Liberalization 11 Bilateralism and Regionalism 11 Procedures for Acceptance of Obligations of Article VIII, Sections 2, 3, and 4 12 III Controls on Capital Movements 14 Information on Capital Controls 14 Structure of Capital Controls 14 Trends in Controls on Capital Movements 17 Promoting -
What Makes the CFA Franc Zone a Special Form of Monetary Integration ?
Articles What Makes the CFA Franc Zone a Special Form of Monetary Integration ? Souleymane NDAO* to the overall stability of their competitive positions. Given that the currency was issued Summary: by supranational central banks and that France experienced a relatively high stability The CFA franc zone is the most notable of the price level throughout the 1980s, the example today of a regime change in which countries of the CFA franc zone managed sovereign countries are united not only to use to achieve discipline and credibility in the the same currency unit, but also to add value implementation of their macroeconomic to that of another monetary unit in a fixed policies. relationship. In some important respects, this In addition, the external guarantee zone differs from other monetary unions, mechanism credits, in the form of overdrafts including emerging unification of the European to operations accounts with France, helped currencies, so the traditional criteria applied mitigate some of the effects of the deterioration to identify the optimal monetary zones are of the positions of net foreign assets. Therefore, not sufficient to assess its performance. if the collective well-being depends primarily on It is indeed difficult by using only traditional price stability and growth, belonging to the area criteria to argue that the African franc zone is a has obviously been beneficial to those countries. natural monetary area: the intraregional trade However, the collective well-being also depends is quite limited, the structure of production -
University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation Formatting
THE POLITICS OF ELECTORAL REFORM IN FRANCOPHONE WEST AFRICA: THE BIRTH AND CHANGE OF ELECTORAL RULES IN MALI, NIGER, AND SENEGAL By MAMADOU BODIAN A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2016 © 2016 Mamadou Bodian To my late father, Lansana Bodian, for always believing in me ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I want first to thank and express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Leonardo A. Villalón, who has been a great mentor and good friend. He has believed in me and prepared me to get to this place in my academic life. The pursuit of a degree in political science would not be possible without his support. I am also grateful to my committee members: Bryon Moraski, Michael Bernhard, Daniel A. Smith, Lawrence Dodd, and Fiona McLaughlin for generously offering their time, guidance and good will throughout the preparation and review of this work. This dissertation grew in the vibrant intellectual atmosphere provided by the University of Florida. The Department of Political Science and the Center for African Studies have been a friendly workplace. It would be impossible to list the debts to professors, students, friends, and colleagues who have incurred during the long development and the writing of this work. Among those to whom I am most grateful are Aida A. Hozic, Ido Oren, Badredine Arfi, Kevin Funk, Sebastian Sclofsky, Oumar Ba, Lina Benabdallah, Amanda Edgell, and Eric Lake. I am also thankful to fellow Africanists: Emily Hauser, Anna Mwaba, Chesney McOmber, Nic Knowlton, Ashley Leinweber, Steve Lichty, and Ann Wainscott. -
Working Paper Series* Department of Economics Alfred Lerner College of Business & Economics University of Delaware
WORKING PAPER SERIES* DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS ALFRED LERNER COLLEGE OF BUSINESS & ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE WORKING PAPER NO. 2010-03 CROATIAN WAGE INEQUALITY AND WAGE DIFFERENTIALS, 1970-2008: MEASUREMENT AND DETERMINANTS Ivo Bicanic, Saul D. Hoffman, and Oriana Vukoja ____________________________ *http://lerner.udel.edu/economics/workingpaper.htm .© 2010 by author(s). All rights reserved. CROATIAN WAGE INEQUALITY AND WAGE DIFFERENTIALS, 1970-2008: MEASUREMENT AND DETERMINANTS Ivo Bicanic, Saul D. Hoffman, and Oriana Vukoja June, 2010 Bicanic, Professor of Economics, University of Zagreb; Hoffman, Professor of Economics, University of Delaware; Vukoja, Teaching Assistant, University of Zagreb. This research was supported by Title VIII funds from the U.S. Department of State through a grant administered by the University of Delaware. This paper was prepared for presentation at the University of Delaware Title VIII Research Conference, Sofia, Bulgaria, July 1-2, 2010. 1. Introduction The primary goal of this project is to offer a reliable measurement of medium-term changes of wage inequality and wage differentials in Croatia from 1970 (when the first data was collected) to 2008 (the most recent data available at the time of writing). This period covers, of course, a tumultuous time for Croatia and the Croatian economy: the fall of socialism, hyperinflation, and the Homeland war. We focus on the two most often used inequality measures, the Gini coefficient and the Theil index, using data on wage differences by level of education and vocational training and also by income intervals. We also examine differences over time in inequality for key industrial sectors that were arguable affected quite differently by the many shocks that the Croatian economy experienced over this time period. -
West Africa from Franco CFA to Eco: Economic Issues
ISSN: 2278-3369 International Journal of Advances in Management and Economics Available online at: www.managementjournal.info REVIEW ARTICLE West Africa from Franco CFA to Eco: Economic Issues Palumbo Vincenzo*, Villani Chiara Universita’ di Napoli Federico II Italy. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Abstract: Born 73 years ago, exactly on December 26, 1945, the day France ratified the Bretton Woods agreements, the CFA franc is the currency adopted by 14 African states and for years the subject of controversy at the local level as well as in France itself. For some months the debate has become international and now this often criticized currency will give way to a new common currency called Eco. Keywords: West Africa, Economic issue, Franco CFA. Article Received: 01 Jan 2021 Revised: 24 Jan 2021 Accepted: 15 Feb. 2021 Introduction First of all, we need to take a big step back in single and independent currency it finally time: It was December 1945 when a decree appears to them as a concrete step in the signed by General Charles de Gaulle actually instituted a currency. Thus was born the direction of real autonomy. But the reality is CFA franc, which at the time when Paris more complex and beyond ideological and ratified the Bretton Woods accords meant political positions there is an objective way in Franco of the French colonies of Africa. which it is possible to approach the issue: economic science. Thus a monetary union was born. The 14 nations that are part of it today are in fact CFA: Economic Technicisms between divided into the Economic and Monetary Advantages and Disadvantages Union of West Africa (UEMOA) and the Substantially, the Economic Technical Economic and Monetary Community of Characteristics on Which the CFA Central Africa (CEMAC). -
Ivo Bic:Anic
TIlE ECONOMICS OF STATE-BunnING IN TIlE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA Ivo BiC:anic This working paper examines the economic aspect of state-building in the former Yugoslavia. Its main hypothesis is that during the process of division and in the first four years of economic independence each of the five successor states chose economic policy options which are leading to divergent patterns of economic growth. As a result, after four years, five distinct economies have emerged, each pursuing increasingly diverging growth paths. This divergence is even more striking when we remember that each of the successor states began with the same institutional framework, a common transition path, and a comparable level of macroeconomic instability. We first consider the role of economic issues in Yugoslavia's decomposition. Two phases of the process are relevant. First, the build-up to disintegration reveals how over time the underpinnings of the Yugoslav economy slowly melted away. Second, the rising popularity of go-it-alone policies then advanced the segmentation of the Yugoslav economy. We then turn to the paper's central theme, the economics of state-building in the five successor states. Three aspects of the process are highlighted: the way new national economies were set up, the transition paths chosen in each, and the way each tackled the extensive macroeconomic disequilibrium that they inherited or that developed along the transition path chosen. The Build-up to &onomic Disintegration • The build-up to Yugoslavia's disintegration developed over a long period without a clear beginning. During this period, the Yugoslav economy functioned as a unified economic space. -
Bosnia and Hercegovina (Bih) Croatia 1997-98
COUNTRY PROFILE Bosnia and Hercegovina (BiH) Croatia Our quarterly Country Reports on Bosnia and Hercegovina and Croatia analyse current trends. This annual Country Profile provides background political and economic information. 1997-98 The Economist Intelligence Unit 15 Regent Street, London SW1Y 4LR United Kingdom The Economist Intelligence Unit The Economist Intelligence Unit is a specialist publisher serving companies establishing and managing operations across national borders. For over 50 years it has been a source of information on business developments, economic and political trends, government regulations and corporate practice worldwide. The EIU delivers its information in four ways: through subscription products ranging from newsletters to annual reference works; through specific research reports, whether for general release or for particular clients; through electronic publishing; and by organising conferences and roundtables. The firm is a member of The Economist Group. London New York Hong Kong The Economist Intelligence Unit The Economist Intelligence Unit The Economist Intelligence Unit 15 Regent Street The Economist Building 25/F, Dah Sing Financial Centre London 111 West 57th Street 108 Gloucester Road SW1Y 4LR New York Wanchai United Kingdom NY 10019, USA Hong Kong Tel: (44.171) 830 1000 Tel: (1.212) 554 0600 Tel: (852) 2802 7288 Fax: (44.171) 499 9767 Fax: (1.212) 586 1181/2 Fax: (852) 2802 7638 e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.eiu.com Electronic delivery EIU -
Croatian Kuna: Money, Or Just a Currency? Evidence from the Interbank Market
Davor Mance, Bojana Olgic Drazenovic, and Stella Suljic Nikolaj. 2019. Croatian Kuna: Money, or just a Currency? Evidence from the Interbank Market. UTMS Journal of Economics 10 (2): 149–161. Original scientific paper (accepted November 6, 2019) CROATIAN KUNA: MONEY, OR JUST A CURRENCY? EVIDENCE FROM THE INTERBANK 1 MARKET Davor Mance2 Bojana Olgic Drazenovic Stella Suljic Nikolaj Abstract Modern sovereign money is accepted as an institution in virtue of the collective intentionality of the acceptance of the sovereign status function declaration it being the official currency of a country. A status function declaration may not create money it may only create a currency. How does one test the fact that an official currency also has all the properties of money? We propose a rather simple test based on the Granger causality of the acceptance of a currency in virtue of money if, and only if, the allocation function of its market interest rate is not rejected. This condition is fulfilled if the interest rate is its genuine allocator. This is the case if the changes in quantity cause the change in the interest rate as a price of money i.e. its true opportunity cost. We find that market interest rate changes are Granger caused by changes in quantities of traded euros on the overnight banking market but not by changes in the quantity of traded Croatian kuna. Thus, the Croatian kuna is only the domestic currency of Croatia, and the euro is its true money. Keywords: money functions, euroization, ZIBOR, Granger causality. Jel Classification: E31; E43; E47; E52; G17 INTRODUCTION The fact that we call something “money” is observer relative: it only exists relative to its users and relative to the users’ perspective considering something a money. -
The Big Reset: War on Gold and the Financial Endgame
WILL s A system reset seems imminent. The world’s finan- cial system will need to find a new anchor before the year 2020. Since the beginning of the credit s crisis, the US realized the dollar will lose its role em as the world’s reserve currency, and has been planning for a monetary reset. According to Willem Middelkoop, this reset MIDD Willem will be designed to keep the US in the driver’s seat, allowing the new monetary system to include significant roles for other currencies such as the euro and China’s renminbi. s Middelkoop PREPARE FOR THE COMING RESET E In all likelihood gold will be re-introduced as one of the pillars LKOOP of this next phase in the global financial system. The predic- s tion is that gold could be revalued at $ 7,000 per troy ounce. By looking past the American ‘smokescreen’ surrounding gold TWarh on Golde and the dollar long ago, China and Russia have been accumu- lating massive amounts of gold reserves, positioning them- THE selves for a more prominent role in the future to come. The and the reset will come as a shock to many. The Big Reset will help everyone who wants to be fully prepared. Financial illem Middelkoop (1962) is founder of the Commodity BIG Endgame Discovery Fund and a bestsell- s ing author, who has been writing about the world’s financial system since the early 2000s. Between 2001 W RESET and 2008 he was a market commentator for RTL Television in the Netherlands and also BIG appeared on CNBC.