PHILOSOPHY Syllabus Paper-II Note:- Paper-II (Covering Entire Syllabi of Earlier Paper-II & Paper-III, Including All Core Group, Electives, Without Options)

State Eligibility Test MP SET – 2018 [Code No. – 14] PHILOSOPHY Syllabus Paper-II Note:- Paper-II (Covering entire syllabi of earlier Paper-II & Paper-III, including all Core Group, Electives, without options). The Paper- II will have 100 Multiple Type Questions (Multiple Choice, Matching Type, True/False and Assertion-Reasoning Type) and all are compulsory. Each Question will carry two marks Total marks of Paper - II will be 200 marks.

Paper-II (Covering entire syllabi of earlier Paper-II & Paper-III, including all Core Group, Electives, without options) PAPER – II 1. Classical Indian Philosophy Vedic and Upanisadic world-views : Rta-the cosmic order, the divine and the human realms; the centrality of the institution of yajna (sacrifice), the concept of rna- duty/obligation; theories of creation

Atman-Self (and not-self), jagrat, svapna, susupti and turiya, Brahaman, sreyas and preyas

Karma, samsara, moksa

Carvaka : Pratyaksa as the only pramana, critique of anumana and sabda, rejection of non-material entities and of dharma and moksa

Jainism : Concept of reality-sat, dravya, guna, paryaya, jiva, ajiva, anekantavada, syadvada and nayavada; theory of knowledge; bondage and liberation

Buddhism : Four noble truths, astangamarga, nirvana, madhyam pratipad, pratityasamutpada, ksanbhangavada, anatmavada

Schools of Buddhism : Vaibhasika, Sautrantika, Yogacara and Madhyamika

Nyaya : Prama and aprama, pramanya and apramanya; pramana : pratyaksa, nirvikalpaka, savikalpaka, laukika and alaukika; anumana : anvayavyatireka, lingaparamarsa, vyapti; classification : vyaptigrahopayas, hetvabhasa, upamana; sabda ; Sakti, laksana, akanksa, yogyata, sannidhi and tatparya, concept of God, arguments for the existence of God, adrsta, nihsryeasa

Vaisesika : Concepts of padartha, dravya, guna, karma, samanya, samavaya, visesa, abhava, causation : Asatkaryavada, samavayi, asamavayi nimitta karana, paramanuvada, adrsta, nihsryeas

Samkhya : Satkaryavada, prakrti and its evolutes, arguments for the existence of prakrti, nature of purusa, arguments for the existence and plurality of purusa relationship between puruasa and prakrti, kaivalya, atheism

Yoga : Patanjali’s concept of citta and citta-vrtti, eight-fold path of yoga, the role of God in yoga. 1

Purva-Mimamsa Sruti and its importance, atheism of purvamimamsa, classification of srutivakyas, vidhi, nisedha and arthavada, dharma, bhavana, sabdanityavada, jatisaktivada

Kumarila and Prabhakara Schools of mimamsa and their major points of difference, triputi-samvit, jnatata, abhava and anupalabdhi, anvitabhidhanavada, abihitanvayavada

Vedanta

Advaita-Rejection of difference : Adhyasa, maya, three grades of satta, jiva, jivanmukti, vivartavada

Visistadvaita : Saguna Brahman, refutation of maya, aprthaksiddhi, parinamavada, jiva, bhakti and prapatti

Dvaita-Rejection of nirguna Brahman and maya, bheda and saksi, bhakti

2. Modern Indian Philosophy Vivekananda-Practical Vedanta, universal religion Aurobindo-Evolution, mind and supermind, integral yoga Iqbal-Self, God, man and superman Tagore-Religion of man, ideas on education K. C. Bhattacharyya-Concept of philosophy, subject as freedom, the doctrine of maya. Radhakrishnan-Intellect and intuition, the idealist view of life J. Krishnamurti-Freedom from the known, analysis of self Gandhi-Non-violence, satyagraha, swaraj, critique of modern civilization Ambedkar-Varna and the caste system, Neo-Buddhism 3. Classical Western Philosophy Early Greek philosophers, Plato and Aristotle

Ionians, Pythagoras, Parmenides, Heraclitus and Democritus

The Sophits and Socrates

Plato-Theory of knowledge (episteme) and opinion (doxa), theory of Ideas, the method of dialectic, soul and God

Aristotle-Classification of the sciences, the theoretical, the practical and the productive (theoria, praxis, techne), logic as an organon, critique of Plato’s theory of Ideas, theory of causation, form and matter, potentially and actually, soul and God

Medieval Philosophy

St. Augstine- Problem of evil

St. Anselm-Ontological argument

St. Thomas Aquinas-Faith and reason, essence and existence, the existence of God

4. Modern Western Philosoph

Rationalism

Descartes : Conception of method and the need for method in philosophy, clarity and distinctness as the criterion of truth, doubt and methodological scepticism, the cogito-

2 intuition or inference? Innate ideas, the ‘real’ distinction between mind and matter, role of God, proofs for the existence of God, mind-body interactionalism

Spinoza : Substance, Attributes and Mode, the concept of ‘God or Nature’, the mind- body problem, pantheism, three orders of knowing

Leibniz : Monadology, truths of reason and truths of fact, innateness of all ideas, proofs for the existence of God, principles of non-contradiction, sufficient reason and identity of indiscernibles, the doctrine of pre-established harmony, problem of freedom and philosophy

Empiricism

Locke : Ideas and their classification, refutation of innate ideas, theory of knowledge, three grades of knowledge, theory of substances, distinction between primary and secondary qualities

Berkeley : Rejection of the distinction between primary and secondary qualities, immaterialism, critique of abstract ideas, esse est percipi, the problem of solipsism; God and self

Hume : Impressions and ideas, knowledge concerning relations of ideas and knowledge concerning matters of fact, induction and causality, the external world and the self, personal identity, rejection of metaphysics, scepticism, reason and the passions

Critical Philosophy and After

Kant : The critical philosophy, classification of judgements, possibility of synthetic a priori judgement, the Conpernican revolution, forms of sensibility, categories of understanding, the metaphysical and the transcendental deduction off the categories, phenomenon and noumenon, the Ideas of Reason-soul, God and world as a whole, freedom and immortality, rejection of speculative metaphyiscs

Hegel : The conception of Geist (spirit), the dialectical method, concepts of being, non- being and becoming, absolute idealism

Nietzsche : Critique of western culture, will to power

Moore : Refutation of idealism, defence of commonsense, philosophy and analysis

Russell : Refutation of idealism, logic as the essence of philosophy, logical atomism

Wittgenstein : Language and reality, facts and objects, names and propositions, the picture theory, philosophy and language, meaning and use, forms of life

Husserl : The Husserlian method, intertionality

Heidegger : Being and nothingness, man as being- in-the-world, critique of technological civilization

Logical Positivism : The verifiability theory of meaning, the verification principle, rejection of metaphysics, unity of science

C. S. Pierce and William James : Pragmatic theories of meaning and truth G. Ryle : Systematically misleading expressions, category mistake, concept of mind, critique of Cartesian dualism

PAPER - III PAPER - III (A) [CORE GROUP] Unit - I Vyavaharika and Paramarthika Satta Nitya and anitya Dravya Karanata Akasa, Dik and Kala Samanya and Sambandha Cit, Acit and Atman Unit - II Appearance and reality Being and becoming Causality, Space and Time Matter, Mind and Self Substance and Universals The problem of personal identity Unit - III Prama Kinds of Pramanas Khyativada Pramanyavada Anvitabhidhanavada and Abhihitanvayavada Sabdagraha Unit - IV Definition of knowledge Ways of knowing Theories of error Theories of truth Belief and scepticism Problem of induction Unit - V Concept of Pratyaksa in Nyaya Concept of Pratyaksa in Buddhism Concept of Pratyaksa in Samkara Vedanta Nature and kinds of Anumana Definition and Nature of Vyapti 4

Hetvabhasas Unit - VI Rna and Rta Purusarthas, Svadharma Varnadharma and Asramadharma Niskamakarma and Lokasamgraha Pancasila and Triratnas Brahamaviharas Unit - VII Good, right, justice Duty and obligation Cardinal virtues Eudaemonism Freedom and responsibility Crime and punishment Unit - VIII Ethical cognitivism and non-cognitivism Ethical realism and intuitionism Kant’s moral theory Kinds of utilitarianism Human rights and social disparities Feminism Unit - IX Truth and validity Nature of propositions Categorical syllogism Laws of thought Classification of propositions Square of opposition Unit - X Truth-functions and propositional logic Quantification and rules of quantification Decision procedures Proving validity Argument and Argument - form Axiomatic system, consistency, completeness

PAPER - III (B) [ELECTIVE / OPTIONAL] Elective – I [Candidates will be expected to be familiar with the main tenets and practices of the following groups of religions : (1) Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism; (2) Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity and Islam; (3) tribal religions of India] Possibility and need of comparative religion, commonality and differences among religions, the nature of inter-religious dialogue and understanding, religious experience, modes of understanding the divine, the theory of liberation, the means for attaining liberation, the God-man relation in religions, world-views (Weltanschaunngen) in religions, immortality, the doctrine of incarnation and prophethood, religious hermeneutics, religion and moral social values, religion and secular society Elective – II General : The linguistic turn and the conception of philosophy Problems : Semantics : Frege’s distinction between sense and reference, concepts and objects, related problems and their proposed solutions : (a) identity, (b) negative existentials, (c) indirect speech, (d) propositional attitudes, the meaning and role of singular terms : (a) Proper names, (b) definite descriptions, (c) demonstratives and other indexicals; the relation between meaning and truth, holistic and atomistic approach to meaning, what is a theory of meaning? Pragmatics : Meaning and use; speech acts [The above problem areas require candidate’s familiarity with the works of Frege, Russell, Wittgenstein, Austin, Quine, Strawson, Davidson, Dummett and Searle.] Elective – III [The purpose here is to assess the candidate’s acquaintance with the central concepts in phenomenology and hermeneutics] Phenomenology as an approach to the understanding of the human condition, consciousness and intentionality, phenomenology and solipsism, the life-world (Lebenswelt), interpretation, understanding and the human sciences, the idea of the text, conflict of interpretation and the possibilities of agreement, culture, situatedness and interpretation Elective – IV [This covers Vedanta philosophy with special reference to five main acharyas viz. Sankara, Ramanuja, Madhava, Nimbarka and Vallabha, The purpose is to test the candidate’s acquaintance with Vedanta philosophy in its rich divergent forms] Sources, general features, similarities and differences, Brahman : Definition and interpretations, distinction between saguna and nirguna and its relevance in the formation of different schools of Vedanta, maya : Its nature, arguments for and against maya, atman : Its nature, relation between atman and Brahman; jiva; interpretation of mahavakyas, e.g. tat tvam asi, moksa : Nature and types, marga or sadhana, roles played by jnana, karma and bhakti, different conceptions of bhakti, theories of causation, Brahman as the cause

of the world : Different interpretations, prama, pramanas, special role played by sabda pramana and intuition (saksatkara/ aparoksanubhuti), theories of khyatis Elective – V [The intention here is to explore the availability of Gandhian ideas in the central debates in philosophy] Conceptions of knowledge, truth and love and their relationship, language, understanding and culture, engagement with tradition, self, world and God, woman, sexuality and brahamacharya, moral foundations of good life : Dharma, swaraj, satyagraha and ahimsa, community and fellowship; the good society : statelessness, trusteeship, sarvodaya, panchayati raj, religion, tapasya, service, means-end relationship, Gandhi and the Gandhians : break, continuity and innovation

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ckS)n'kZu ds lEçnk; % oSHkkf"kd] lkS=kfUrd] ;ksxkpkj rFkk ek/;fed

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;ksx % ;ksx dk v"VkaxekxZ] ;ksx esa bZ oj dh Hkwfedk

iwoZehekalk

Jqfr rFkk mldk

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v}Sr % Hksn fujkl ] thoUeqfä] foorZokn

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2- vk/kqfud Hkkjrh; fpUrd foosdkuUn % O;kogkfjd osnkUr] lkoZHkkSe /keZ

vjfoUn % fodkl] eu vkSj vfreu lexz ;ksx

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xk¡/kh % vfgalk] lR;kxzg] Lojkt] vk/kqfud lH;rk dh leh{kk

vEcsMdj % o.kZ ,oa tkfr O;oLFkk] uO;&ckS)okn

vk;ksfuvUl] ik;Fkkxksjl] ikjeukbMl] gsjkfDyVl vkSj MsekWfØVl lksfQLV vkSj lqdjkr IysVks % Kkuehekalk] Kku (episteme) vkSj er (doxa)] çR;; fl)kUr] }U}kRedrk dh i)fr] vjLrw % Lo:i] IysVks ds çR;; fl)kUr dh vkykspuk] dkj.krk fl)kUr] vkdkj ,oa tM+æO;] laHkkO;rk

lsaV vkWxLVhu % lsaV vWULyse % lsaV FkkWel vôsukl % 4- cqf)okn

MsdkrZ % dlkSVh ds :i ; ,oa la'k;okn] ^dksftVks*&var%çKk ;k vuqeku\

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fLiukstk % KkuçfØ;k ds rhu Lrj

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vuqHkookn

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áwe % çR;; ,oa laLdkj] çR;;&fo"k;d lEcU/k rFkk oLrqfLFkfr&fo"k;d lEcU/k dk Kku] vkxeu rFkk dkj.krk] cká txr~ ,oa vkRe] oS;fäd rknkRE;] rRoehekalk dk [k.Mu]

vkSj rnqijkUr

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gsxsy % vo/kkj.kk,¡] fujis{k çR;;okn

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jlsy %

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gkbMsxj % vkykspuk

rdhZ; çR;;okn % vFkZ dk lR;kiurk fl)kUr] lR;kiu dk rRo] rRoehekalk dk [k.Mu] foKkuksa dk ,dhdj.k

lh- ,l- ihvlZ vkSj fofy;etsEl % vFkZ rFkk lR; ds vFkZfØ;kRed fl)kUr

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ç'u&i= & III ç'u&i= & III (A) ¼dksj foHkkx½ bdkbZ & I O;kogkfjd 10

fuR; ,oa vfuR; æO; dkj.krk

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vkxeu dh leL;k bdkbZ & V U;k; esa çR;{k dh vo/kkj.kk

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czãfogkj bdkbZ & VII 'kqHk] mfpr] U;k;

ç/kku ln~xq.k ;qMkeksfuTe

vijk/k ,oa naM bdkbZ & VIII

dkaV dk uSfrd fl)kUr mi;ksfxrkokn ds çdkj ekuo vf/kdkj ,oa lkekftd vlkeurk óhokn bdkbZ & IX lR; ,oa oS/krk rdZokD; dk Lo:i fujis{k U;k;okD; fopkj ds fu;e rdZokD;ksa dk oxhZdj.k fojks/k dk prq"dks.k bdkbZ & X

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,sfPNd & II lkekU; %

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,sfPNd & III

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,sfPNd & IV

ds Kku ds ijh{k.k esa fufgr gSA½

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