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Jain Award Boy Scout Workbook Red Stage 4

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Jain Award Boy Scout Workbook Red Stage 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. About the Jain Award: Stage 4 2. About Yourself 3. Part I Word 4. Part II Worship 5. Part III Witness 6. Jain Religion Information for Boy Scouts of America 7. Application Form for the Jain Medal Award 2 ABOUT THE JAIN AWARD PLAN STAGE 4 WORD: You will with your parents and spiritual leader meet regularly to complete all the History of Jainism requirements for this award. Jain sects in India and its significances Learn the importance of pilgrimages and places Jain Philosophy RECORD Understand Karma Philosophy 14 Stages of Spiritual Elevation (Gunasthänaks) Meditations - different types – Preksha Dhyän. As you continue through this workbook, record the information as indicated. Once finished your parents and spiritual leader will review and then submit for WORSHIP: the award. Prayers (Stuties) Congratulations. You may now begin. Understand the significance of Navkär Mantra Learn about twelve reflections (Bhävanäs) Jain temple Rituals Understand the meaning of Chaityavandan: WITNESS: Daily Practices Practice Meditation Promote Conservation Volunteer Services 3 ABOUT YOURSELF My favorite activities/hobbies are: I am _____________________years old _________________________________ _________________________________ This is my family: _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ My group activities are: _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ How much time did you need to finish This is my school: this part? _____________hours/minutes _________________________________ Date: ____________________________ I am in grade _____________________ Check when shown to: ____ Parent(s) ____ Spiritual Leader ____ Register on-line @ JAINA.org 4 PART I: WORD and ends with Shri Mahävir swami, the twenty- fourth Tirthankar. Naturally, there is a continuous link among these twenty-four Tirthankars who History of Jainism flourished in different periods of history in India. It, therefore, means that the religion first preached Jain Philosophy and Practice-2 by Shri Rishabhadev in the remote past was (JAINA Education Series 401-Level 4) preached in succession by the remaining twenty- pg 232-233 three Tirthankars for the benefit of living beings and revival of spirituality. It is difficult to cover the history of Jain religion There is evidence that there were people who were within the scope of this book, but we will attempt worshipping Rishabhadev before Vedic period. It to briefly outline the salient features. has been recorded that King Kharavela of Kalinga, Indian culture consists of two main trends: in his second invasion of Magadha in 161 B.C., Shramanic and Brahmanic. The Vedic traditions brought back treasures from Magadha and in these come under the Brahmanic trend. The Shramanic treasures there was the idol known as Agra-Jina, of trend covers the Jain, Buddhist, and similar other the first Jina (Rishabhadev) which had been ascetic traditions. The Brahmanic schools accept carried away from Kalinga three centuries earlier the authority of the Vedas and Vedic literature. The by King Nanda I. This means that in the fifth Jains and Buddhists have their own canons and century B.C. Rishabhadev was worshipped and his accept their authors. idol was highly valued by his followers. Other Jainism is an ancient independent religion of India. archaeological evidences belonging to the Indus However, it is wrong to say that Bhagawän Valley Civilization of the Bronze Age in India also Mahävir founded Jainism. Jainism is an eternal lend support to the antiquity of the Jain tradition religion; it has always existed, it exists now, and it and suggest the prevalence of the practice of the will always exist in the future. Jainism has been worship of Rishabhadev, the first Tirthankar, along flourishing in India from times immemorial. In with the worship of other deities. Many relics from comparison with the small population of Jain, the the Indus Valley excavations suggest the achievements of their in enriching the various prevalence of the Jain religion in that ancient aspects of Indian culture are great. Jains are found period (3500 to 3000 B.C.). all over India, and all over world and are known • It is observed that in the Indus Valley everywhere for the strict observance of their civilization, there is a great preponderance of religious practices in their daily lives. pottery figures of female deities over those of male Legendary Antiquity of Jainism deities and the figures of male deities are shown Jainism is an eternal religion. Therefore, there is a naked. prehistoric time of Jainism and there is a historic • We find that the figures of six male time of Jainism. Jainism is revealed in every cyclic deities in nude form are engraved on one seal and period of the universe, and this constitutes the that each figure is shown naked and standing erect prehistoric time of Jainism. In addition, there is a in a contemplative mood with both hands kept recorded history of Jainism since about 3000-3500 close to the body. Since this Käyotsarga (way of BC. practicing penance, as in a standing Prehistoric Period Jain Philosophy and Practice - 2 232posture) is According to Jain scriptures, there were infinite peculiar only to the Jains and the figures are of number of time cycles in the past (no beginning) naked ascetics, it can be postulated that these and there will be more time cycles in future. Each figures represent the Jain Tirthankars. time cycle is divided into two equal half cycles, • Again, the figures of male deities in namely Utsarpini (ascending) Käl (time) and contemplative mood and in sitting posture Avasarpini (descending) Käl. Each cycle is again engraved on the seals are believed to resemble the divided into six divisions known as Äräs (spokes figures of Jain Tirthankars, because these male of a wheel). The Äräs of Avasarpini are reversed deities are depicted as having one face only. While, relative to those in Utsarpini. There are 24 the figures of male deities of Hindu tradition are Tirthankars in each half cycle. Kevalis known as generally depicted as having three faces or three Tirthankars teach religious philosophy through eyes and with a trident or some type of weapon. Sermons, which leads human beings across the • Furthermore, there are some motifs on the ocean of sorrow and misery. Tirthankars are the seals found in Mohen-Jo-Daro identical with those personages who delineate the path of final found in the ancient Jain art of Mathura. liberation or emancipation of all living beings from succession of births and deaths. As Mahävir was the last Tirthankar, most The tradition of Tirthankars in the present age philosophers consider Mahävir-swämi as the begins with Shri Rishabhadev, the first Tirthankar, 5 founder of the Jain religion. Obviously, this is a Shravanbelgola (in modern Karnataka State) in misconception. Now, historians have accepted the South India. Chandragupta Maurya (322-298 fact that Mahävir-swämi did not found the Jain B.C.), who was then the Emperor of Magadha and religion but he preached, revived and organized was very much devoted to Ächärya Bhadrabähu, the religion, which was in existence from the past abdicated his throne in favor of his son Bindusär, (Anädi Käl). also joined Bhadrabähu’s entourage as a monk, At present, we are in the fifth Ärä, Dusham, of the and stayed with Bhadrabähu at Shravanbelgola. Avasarpini half cycle, of which nearly 2500 years Chandragupta, the devout ascetic disciple of have passed. The fifth Ärä began 3 years and 3 1⁄2 Bhadrabähu, lived for 12 years after the death of months after the Nirvana of Bhagawän Mahävir in his Guru, Bhadrabähu, in about 297 B.C. After 527 B.C. Bhagawän Rishabhadev, the first practicing penance according to the strict Jain rite Tirthankar, lived in the later part of the third Ärä, of Sanlekhanä, Chandragupta died on the same hill and the remaining twenty-three Tirthankars lived at Shravanbelgola. This Bhadrabähu - during the fourth Ärä. Chandragupta tradition is strongly supported by a large number of reliable epigraphic and literary Jain Philosophy and Practice-2 evidences including both Shvetämbar and (JAINA Education Series 401-Level 4) Digambar traditions. pg 232-233 When the ascetics of Bhadrabähu Sangha returned to Patliputra after the end of a twelve-year period of famine, to their utter surprise, they noticed two What facet of Jain History was most significant changes that had taken place during striking to you? their absence. In the first place among the ascetics __________________________________ of Magadha, under the leadership of Ächärya Sthulibhadra, the rule of nudity was relaxed and __________________________________ the ascetics were allowed to wear a piece of white __________________________________ cloth (known as Ardhaphalaka). __________________________________ Secondly, the version of sacred books (memorized version – no written book existed) that were __________________________________ accepted at the council of Patliputra in their absence, they found some inconsistencies. As a Discuss with your: result, the group of returned monks from Bhadrabähu’s group did not accept these two new _____Parent(s) things introduced by the followers of Ächärya _____Spiritual
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