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Ratnakarandaka-F-With Cover
Ācārya Samantabhadra’s Ratnakaraõçaka-śrāvakācāra – The Jewel-casket of Householder’s Conduct vkpk;Z leUrHkæ fojfpr jRudj.MdJkodkpkj Divine Blessings: Ācārya 108 Vidyānanda Muni VIJAY K. JAIN Ācārya Samantabhadra’s Ratnakaraõçaka-śrāvakācāra – The Jewel-casket of Householder’s Conduct vkpk;Z leUrHkæ fojfpr jRudj.MdJkodkpkj Ācārya Samantabhadra’s Ratnakaraõçaka-śrāvakācāra – The Jewel-casket of Householder’s Conduct vkpk;Z leUrHkæ fojfpr jRudj.MdJkodkpkj Divine Blessings: Ācārya 108 Vidyānanda Muni Vijay K. Jain fodYi Front cover: Depiction of the Holy Feet of the twenty-fourth Tīrthaôkara, Lord Mahāvīra, at the sacred hills of Shri Sammed Shikharji, the holiest of Jaina pilgrimages, situated in Jharkhand, India. Pic by Vijay K. Jain (2016) Ācārya Samantabhadra’s Ratnakaraõçaka-śrāvakācāra – The Jewel-casket of Householder’s Conduct Vijay K. Jain Non-Copyright This work may be reproduced, translated and published in any language without any special permission provided that it is true to the original and that a mention is made of the source. ISBN 81-903639-9-9 Rs. 500/- Published, in the year 2016, by: Vikalp Printers Anekant Palace, 29 Rajpur Road Dehradun-248001 (Uttarakhand) India www.vikalpprinters.com E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: (0135) 2658971 Printed at: Vikalp Printers, Dehradun (iv) eaxy vk'khokZn & ijeiwT; fl¼kUrpØorhZ 'osrfiPNkpk;Z Jh fo|kuUn th eqfujkt milxsZ nq£Hk{ks tjfl #tk;ka p fu%izfrdkjs A /ekZ; ruqfoekspuekgq% lYys[kukek;kZ% AA 122 AA & vkpk;Z leUrHkæ] jRudj.MdJkodkpkj vFkZ & tc dksbZ fu"izfrdkj milxZ] -
Jain Reality Or Existence - by Pravin K
Jain Reality or Existence - By Pravin K. Shah Structural View of the Universe Jain Philosophy does not give credence to the theory that God is a creator, survivor, or destroyer of the universe. On the contrary, it asserts that the universe has always existed and will always exist in exact adherence to the laws of the cosmos. There is nothing but infinity both in the past and in the future. The world of reality or universe consists of two classes of objects: · Living beings - conscious, soul, chetan, or jiva · Non-living objects - unconscious, achetan, or ajiva Non-living objects are further classified into five categories; Matter (Pudgal), Space (Akas), Medium of motion (Dharmastikay), Medium of rest (Adharmastikay), Time (Kal or Samay). The five non-living entities together with the living being, totaling six are aspects of reality in Jainism. They are known as six universal entities, or substances, or realities. These six entities of the universe are eternal but continuously undergo countless changes. During the changes, nothing is lost or destroyed. Everything is recycled into another form. Concept of Reality A reality or an entity is defined to have an existence, which is known as Sat or truth. Each entity continuously undergoes countless changes. During this process the old form (size, shape, etc.) of an entity is destroyed, the new form is originated. The form of a substance is called Paryaya. In the midst of modification of a substance, its certain qualities remain unchanged (permanence). The unchanged qualities of a substance are collectively known as Dravya. Hence, each entity (substance) in the universe has three aspects: · Origination - Utpada · Destruction - Vyaya · Permanence - Dhruvya Both Dravya (substance) and Paryaya (mode or form) are inseparable from an entity. -
Subject : PHILOSOPHY
Subject : PHILOSOPHY 1. Classical Indian Philosophy Vedic and Upanisadic world-views : Rta & the cosmic order, the divine and the human realms; the centrality of the institution of yajna (sacrifice), the concept of ma & duty/obligation; theorist of creation Atman–Self (and not-self), jagrat, svapna, susupti and turiya, Brahman, sreyas and preyas Karma, samsara, moksa Carvaka : Pratyaksa as the only pramana, critique of anumana and sabda, rejection of non-material entities and of dharma and moksa Jainism : Concept of reality–sat, dravya, guna, prayaya, jiva, ajiva, anekantavada, syadvada and nayavada; theory of knowledge; bondage and liberation, Anuvrat & Mahavrat Bhddhism : Four noble truths, astangamarga, nirvana, madhyam pratipad, pratityasamutpada, ksanabhangavada, anatmavada Schools of Buddhism : Vaibhasika, Sautrantika, Yogacara and Madhyamika Nyaya : Prama and aprama, pramanya and apramanya, pramana : pratyaksa, niruikalpaka, savikalpaka, laukika and alaukika; anumana : anvayavyatireka, lingaparamarsa, vyapti; classification : vyaptigrahopayas, hetvabhasa, upamana; sabda : Sakti, laksana, akanksa, yogyata, sannidhi and tatparya, concept of God, arguments for the existence of God, adrsta, nihsryeasa Vaisesika : Concepts of padartha, dravya, guna, karma, samanya, samavaya, visesa, abhava, causation : Asatkaryavada, samavayi, asamavayi nimitta karana, paramanuvada, adrsta, nihsryeas Samkhya : Satkaryavada, prakrti and its evolutes, arguments for the existence of prakrti, nature of purusa, arguments for the existence and plurality of -
Life of Mahavira As Described in the Jai N a Gran Thas Is Imbu Ed with Myths Which
T o be h a d of 1 T HE MA A ( ) N GER , T HE mu Gu ms J , A llahaba d . Lives of greatmen all remin d u s We can m our v s su m ake li e bli e , A nd n v hi n u s , departi g , lea e be d n n m Footpri ts o the sands of ti e . NGF LL W LO E O . mm zm fitm m m ! W ‘ i fi ’ mz m n C NT E O NT S. P re face Introd uction ntrod uctor remar s and th i I y k , e h storicity of M ahavira Sources of information mt o o ica stories , y h l g l — — Family relations birth — — C hild hood e d ucation marriage and posterity — — Re nou ncing the world Distribution of wealth Sanyas — — ce re mony Ke sh alochana Re solution Seve re pen ance for twe lve years His trave ls an d pre achings for thirty ye ars Attai n me nt of Nirvan a His disciples and early followers — H is ch aracte r teachings Approximate d ate of His Nirvana Appendix A PREF CE . r HE primary con dition for th e formation of a ” Nation is Pride in a common Past . Dr . Arn old h as rightly asked How can th e presen t fru th e u u h v ms h yield it , or f t re a e pro i e , except t eir ” roots be fixed in th e past ? Smiles lays mu ch ’ s ss on h s n wh n h e s s in his h a tre t i poi t , e ay C racter, “ a ns l n v u ls v s n h an d N tio , ike i di id a , deri e tre gt su pport from the feelin g th at they belon g to an u s u s h h th e h s of h ill trio race , t at t ey are eir t eir n ss an d u h u s of h great e , o g t to be perpet ator t eir is of mm n u s im an h n glory . -
Lord Mahavira Publisher's Note
LORD MAHAVIRA [A study in Historical Perspective] BY BOOL CHAND, M.A. Ph.D (Lond.) P. V. Research Institute Series: 39 Editor: Dr. Sagarmal Jain With an introduction by Prof. Sagarmal Jain P.V. RESEARCH INSTITUTE Varanasi-5 Published by P.V. Research Institute I.T.I. Road Varanasi-5 Phone:66762 2nd Edition 1987 Price Rs.40-00 Printed by Vivek Printers Post Box No.4, B.H.U. Varanasi-5 PUBLISHER’S NOTE 1 Create PDF with PDF4U. If you wish to remove this line, please click here to purchase the full version The book ‘Lord Mahavira’, by Dr. Bool Chand was first published in 1948 by Jaina Cultural Research Society which has been merged into P.V. Research Institute. The book was not only an authentic piece of work done in a historical perspective but also a popular one, hence it became unavailable for sale soon. Since long it was so much in demand that we decided in favor of brining its second Edition. Except some minor changes here and there, the book remains the same. Yet a precise but valuable introduction, depicting the relevance of the teachings of Lord Mahavira in modern world has been added by Dr. Sagarmal Jain, the Director, P.V. Research Institute. As Dr. Jain has pointed out therein, the basic problems of present society i.e. mental tensions, violence and the conflicts of ideologies and faith, can be solved through three basic tenets of non-attachment, non-violence and non-absolutism propounded by Lord Mahavira and peace and harmony can certainly be established in the world. -
Indian Philosophy Encyclopædia Britannica Article
Indian philosophy Encyclopædia Britannica Article Indian philosophy the systems of thought and reflection that were developed by the civilizations of the Indian subcontinent. They include both orthodox (astika) systems, namely, the Nyaya, Vaisesika, Samkhya, Yoga, Purva-mimamsa, and Vedanta schools of philosophy, and unorthodox (nastika) systems, such as Buddhism and Jainism. Indian thought has been concerned with various philosophical problems, significant among them the nature of the world (cosmology), the nature of reality (metaphysics), logic, the nature of knowledge (epistemology), ethics, and religion. General considerations Significance of Indian philosophies in the history of philosophy In relation to Western philosophical thought, Indian philosophy offers both surprising points of affinity and illuminating differences. The differences highlight certain fundamentally new questions that the Indian philosophers asked. The similarities reveal that, even when philosophers in India and the West were grappling with the same problems and sometimes even suggesting similar theories, Indian thinkers were advancing novel formulations and argumentations. Problems that the Indian philosophers raised for consideration, but that their Western counterparts never did, include such matters as the origin (utpatti) and apprehension (jñapti) of truth (pramanya). Problems that the Indian philosophers for the most part ignored but that helped shape Western philosophy include the question of whether knowledge arises from experience or from reason and distinctions such as that between analytic and synthetic judgments or between contingent and necessary truths. Indian thought, therefore, provides the historian of Western philosophy with a point of view that may supplement that gained from Western thought. A study of Indian thought, then, reveals certain inadequacies of Western philosophical thought and makes clear that some concepts and distinctions may not be as inevitable as they may otherwise seem. -
In Jain Philosophy
Philosophy Study, April 2016, Vol. 6, No. 4, 219-229 doi: 10.17265/2159-5313/2016.04.005 D DAVID PUBLISHING Matter (Pudgalastikaya or Pudgala) in Jain Philosophy Narayan Lal Kachhara Deemed University Pudgalastikaya is one of the six constituent dravyas of loka in Jainism and is the only substance that is sense perceptible. The sense attributes of pudgala are colour, taste, smell, and touch properties which become the basis of its diversity of forms and structures. The smallest constituent of pudgala is paramanu; the other forms are its combinations. The combination of parmanus forms various states of the matter. The paper describes different types of combinations and modes, rules for combinations and properties of aggregates known as vargana. Some varganas associate with the soul and form various types of bodies of organisms and others exist as forms of matter in loka (universe). The paramanu defines the smallest units of energy, space, time, and sense quality of pudgala. Pudgala exists in visible and invisible forms but anything that is visible is definitely pudgala. Pudgala is classified in various ways; one of them is on the basis of touch property and there are pudgalas having two touches, four touches, and eight touches, each class having some specific character that differentiates them in respect of stability and motion. Pudgala is also classified as living, prayoga-parinat, and non-living, visrasa-parinat. The living matter existing as bodies of organisms exhibits some properties that are not found in non-living matter. Modern science has no such distinction which has become a cause of confusion in recognizing the existence of soul. -
Bio Diversity in Nature – in View of Prakrit Text and Modern Biology (A Critical Analysis)
Bio diversity in nature – In view of Prakrit text and Modern Biology (A critical analysis) Prof (Dr) S. L. Godawat Former Dean, Rajasthan College of Agriculture Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture & Technology Udaipur-313001 +91414850711 [email protected] Biodiversity is the abbreviated word for ― biological diversity (bio-life or living organisms, diversity-variation). Biodiversity is the total variety of life on our planet, the total number of races, varieties and species; the sum total of various types of microbes, plants and animals. In this article an attempt has been made to understand the cause of this variation in view of prakrit text/ Jainism and modern biology. According to Kund kund Deva in Pravachansar,Nama karm which determines the entire variability exists in four realms (gatiyan) viz; human beings(manushya), sub human beings (tiriyanch), celestials (deva) and hellish (narki)which are not real feature of the soul. क륍म णामसमव啍खं सभावमध अꥍऩनो सहावेण l .® अभभभयंू णरं तिररयं रइयं वा सरु ं कु णदिl ll 117 ll प्रवचनसार Ç.k Ùkk णरणारयतिररयसरु ा जीवा खऱ ु णामकक륍म 핍व l Ç.k णदह िे ऱ녍धसहावा ऩररणममाणासक륍मा ll 118 ll प्रवचनसार Swamikarttikey in Karttikeyanupreksha - The power of Nama karma hides the real feature of soul (infinite knowledge, infinite vision , infinite pleasure, infinite power) and give rise to different realms.. का वव अउ핍वा दिसदि ऩु嵍गऱ ि핍वस एररसी स配िी l केवऱ - णाण सहावो ववणाभसिो जाड जीवस ll 211 ll कतिकि े यानुप्रेऺा Devsenacharya in aalappaddhti- Mundana souls (worldly souls) exhibits four kinds of vibhav vayanjan paryaya (modifications/forms) - human beings (manushya), sub human beings (tiriyanch), celestials (deva) and hellish (narki) in details 84 lakh yoni. -
The Jaina Response to Samavaya
Chapter-10 The Jaina Response to Samavaya. I The Jaina outlook on ontology and its philosophy of knowledge can be comprehended under realism, and in this regard, it shares a lot of views and ideas with Nyaya-Vai5e$ika and realist schools. A schematic representation of Jainism may be given below in order to put its perspective amongst other philosophical views. Knowledge I Realism Idealism Direct Presentation Represent tion I Nyaya Mlmamsa Jaina Samkhya Sautantrika Vedanta Yogacara Jainism is distinguished by having its sources in the Bhagavati, and Agama literature. It is classified as a non-Vedic or heterodox school of thought, but nonetheless Jainism is a mok?asastra, the science of salvation. The path for spiritual progress, aiming at the final goal of liberation is the central tone of the Agamas. The Jainas arrange the knowledge of the world under two pairs of contrasted alternatives, jiva and ajiva. These are complementary aspects of reality, each of which suggests the other by a dialectical necessity and combines with the other into one more complex conception. These two contrasted alternatives are but two conditions of thought: all thinking implies a subject which thinks, the cogitative principle or soul. But as all thinking is thinking of something, it means that it requires a material on which the thought activity is exercised, it implies an object which is discriminated and understood by thought. The Jainas speak of knowledge in five different forms: (a) Mati or that form of knowledge by which a jiva cognizes an object through the operation of the sense-organs, all hindrances to the formation of such knowledge being removed. -
Jain Philosophy and Practice I 1
PANCHA PARAMESTHI Chapter 01 - Pancha Paramesthi Namo Arihantänam: I bow down to Arihanta, Namo Siddhänam: I bow down to Siddha, Namo Äyariyänam: I bow down to Ächärya, Namo Uvajjhäyänam: I bow down to Upädhyäy, Namo Loe Savva-Sähunam: I bow down to Sädhu and Sädhvi. Eso Pancha Namokkäro: These five fold reverence (bowings downs), Savva-Pävappanäsano: Destroy all the sins, Manglänancha Savvesim: Amongst all that is auspicious, Padhamam Havai Mangalam: This Navakär Mantra is the foremost. The Navakär Mantra is the most important mantra in Jainism and can be recited at any time. While reciting the Navakär Mantra, we bow down to Arihanta (souls who have reached the state of non-attachment towards worldly matters), Siddhas (liberated souls), Ächäryas (heads of Sädhus and Sädhvis), Upädhyäys (those who teach scriptures and Jain principles to the followers), and all (Sädhus and Sädhvis (monks and nuns, who have voluntarily given up social, economical and family relationships). Together, they are called Pancha Paramesthi (The five supreme spiritual people). In this Mantra we worship their virtues rather than worshipping any one particular entity; therefore, the Mantra is not named after Lord Mahävir, Lord Pärshva- Näth or Ädi-Näth, etc. When we recite Navakär Mantra, it also reminds us that, we need to be like them. This mantra is also called Namaskär or Namokär Mantra because in this Mantra we offer Namaskär (bowing down) to these five supreme group beings. Recitation of the Navakär Mantra creates positive vibrations around us, and repels negative ones. The Navakär Mantra contains the foremost message of Jainism. The message is very clear. -
Shraman Bhagavan Mahavira and Jainism the Jaina
SHRAMAN BHAGAVAN MAHAVIRAAND JAINISM By: Dr. Ramanlal C. Shah Published - Jain Society of Metro Washington Shraman Bhagavan Mahavira and Jainism JAINISM Jainism is one of the greatest and the oldest religions of the world, though it is not known much outside India. Even in India, compared to the total population of India, Jainism at present is followed by a minority of the Indian population amounting to about four million people. Yet Jainism is not unknown to the scholars of the world in the field of religion and philosophy, because of its highest noble religious principles. Though followed by relatively less people in the world, Jainism is highly respected by all those non-Jainas who have studied Jainism or who have come into contact with the true followers of Jainism. There are instances of non- Jaina people in the world who have most willingly either adopted Jainism or have accepted and put into practice the principles of Jainism. Though a religion of a small minority, Jainism is not the religion of a particular race, caste or community. People from all the four classified communities of ancient India; Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra have followed Jainism. In the principles of Jainism, there is nothing which would debar a person of any particular nation, race, caste, community, creed, etc., from following Jainism. Hence Jainism is a Universal Religion. The followers of Jainism are called Jainas. The word "Jaina" is derived from the Sanskrit word "Jina." One who follows and worships Jina is called a Jaina. Etymologically "Jina" means the conqueror or the victorious. -
I (Prakrit) Sem
PUNYASHLOK AHILYADEVI HOLKAR SOLAPUR UNIVERSITY, SOLAPUR NAAC Accredited-2015 ‘B’ Grade (CGPA 2.62) Faculty Of Humanities Syllabus for the Subject Prakrit Name of the Course – M.A. I Sem I & II With effect from June- 2020 Prakrit - M.A. Part - I [SEM-I & II] CBCS From 2020 PUNYASHLOK AHILYA DEVI HOLKAR SOLAPUR UNIVERSITY School of Languages and Literature PRAKRIT * M.A. Part – I [SEM-I &II] Choice Based Credit System w.e.f. 2020-21 1) Preamble PRAKRIT language is one of the Ancient & classical language of India, which transmit the cultural, social, and philosophical thoughts. The study of Prakrit language is not only important but an imperative to have a clear and objective grasp of Indian original history and linguistics. The Board of Studies should briefly mention foundation, core and applied components of the course/paper. The student should get into the prime objectives and expected level of study and advance knowledge at examination with required outcome in terms of basic level. 2) GENERAL OBJECTIVES OF THE COURSE/ PAPER/: i) To acquaint with the Prakrit language, its different roots and Grammar. ii) To Study the life and work of Indian ancient Prakrit Authors & Acharya iii) To Study Jain Philosophy written in Prakrit literature iv) To introduce the Literature in Prakrit Language v) To introduce the scientific knowledge in Prakrit Language vi) To study of Modern Indian Languages vii) To inculcate language related skills. Prakrit - M.A. Part - I [SEM-I & II] CBCS From 2020 PUNYASHLOK AHILYA DEVI HOLKAR SOLAPUR UNIVERSITY School of Languages and Literature PRAKRIT * M.A.