Cable Television in Japan
May 26, 2017 Japan Cable Laboratories Overview of Japanese Cable Television industry
2 Japanese Cable Television
The first Japanese cable television station began operation in 1955, two years after Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK) started television broadcasting, to retransmit NHK programs to a spring resort 150 kilometers north of Tokyo. As of March 2015, cable television reaches 52.2% of Japanese households, with 29.2 million subscribers (households), of which 9.8 million subscribe to paid channels
Retransmission Terrestrial TV and Broadcasting Satellite (BS) Cable Television Channels Community Channel News, sports, Local programming by movies, etc Cable TV stations
Cable TV Station
TV Station Video On Demand Internet & IP Telephony Fiscal year 2014 Number of Commercial Operators: 294 Total Commercial Revenues: 497.5 billion JYen 3 Yearly Increase of Cable Television Subscribers
〔10K households〕 〔Penetration %〕 3500 51.6 51.8 51.5 52.2 52.3 RF 50.4 3250 IP： MulticastＲＦ方式 48 50 ：ＩＰマルチキャスト方 49.6 50 50.4 50.6 3000 44.9 48.8 49.8 96 ×式 Penetration 42.9 97 101 ：普及率 46.7 109 98 2750 40.6 90 2852 ▲ ：普及率（ＲＦのみ）Penetration (RF) 44 2767 2817 38.2 42.3 70 2707 40 2500 2602 2656 35.9 40.3 46 2471 2250 33.2 38 23 17 2301 31.1 2194 2000 10 2061 30 26.8 1750 1913 1788 1500 21.8 1654 20 1514 1250 20 17 1300 1000 1044 943 750 789 10 500
250
0 0 101998年度 11 年度 200012年度 13 年度 14 2002年度 15 年度 162004年度 17 年度 18 2006年度 19 年度 202008年度 21 年度 201022年度 23年度 242012年度 25 年度 262014年度 272015年度 ※ 平成22年度までの統計値は、自主放送を行う旧許可施設及び旧電気通信役務利用放送法 の登録を受けた者の設備（旧有線役務利用放送設備） の加入世帯数、普及率の推移。 (Source: MIC) 4 Yearly Increase of Cable Television Revenue
Total revenue 100 Million JYen (incl. telecom revenue ) 12,520 12,853 Cable TV revenue 12,000 Operating costs 10,358 10,567 Operating revenue 10,000 9,088 9,238 8,320 8,000 7,101 7,399 6,534 5,812 6,000 5,437 5,177 4,807 5,061 5,134 4,930 5,030 4,975 5,003 4,257 4,746 4,667 3,850 4,050 4,000 3,533 4,883 4,757 3,076 3,330 4,364 4,309 4,623 4,474 4,607 4,468 4,468 3,467 3,762 3,057 3,244 2,000 2,956 511 555 507 535 120 272 288 383 288 382 358 420 456 423 0 Ｈ14… Ｈ15… Ｈ16… Ｈ17… Ｈ18… Ｈ19… Ｈ20… Ｈ21… Ｈ22… Ｈ23… Ｈ24… Ｈ25… Ｈ26… Ｈ26… 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 (Fiscal)
(Source: MIC) 5 Broadband Services Subscribers
（10k subscribers） Fixed Broadband FTTH DSL CATV internet FWA 4,500
4,000 3,781 3,824 3,849 3,874 3,680 3,724 3,739 3,761 3,530 3,601 3,410 3,493 3,500 3,286
2,867 2,900 3,000 2,757 2,787 2,834 2,661 2,704 2,729 2,531 2,385 2,500 2,230 2,022 2,000 1,780
1,500 974 1,000 820 670 601 623 643 661 665 671 673 679 683 686 500 531 567 591 542 447 375 358 344 332 320 0 310 299 288 2010.3 2011.3 2012.3 2013.3 2014.3 2015.3 2015.6 2015.9 2015.12 2016.3 2016.6 2016.9 2016.12
(Source: MIC) 6 Evolution of Japanese Cable STB and Services
7 Evolution of Cable STB in Japan
Accelerated evolution after 2008 1953 1960 1989 1996 2008 2010 2013 2014 2016 B/W Color TV Muse Digital TV IPTV (SD) (SD) (Analog HD) （SD/HD) Smart TV 4K/8K 1st Generation Digital STB Broadcasters Platform Google App HbbTV Play Store Hybridcast SmartTV Single Platform Manufacturers Platform nd Google Samsung AppleTV acTVila 2 Generation STB TV Panasonic Home Network Hulu Smart TV compatible OTT Netflix DLNA • Downloadable applications Improved • Interactive with smartphones and home network YouTube UI/UX
HTML5 DAE • ITU-T J.295/296 (Hybrid Cable STB) High Quality Video QualityHigh Large Display, Less power consumption Large OLED LCD VR/AR ４ SD HD UHD K UHDTV
• H.262 H.264 H.265 4K Video MPEG2 MPEG4 AVC HEVC • 5.1ch audio • ITU-T J.297 (4K Cable STB)
8 Smart TV services with 2nd Gen STB
Cable Operator
Internet Service Delivery Platform (SDP) Mobile NW HFC (DOCSIS) （3G, 3.9G, Content Meta or FTTH APP 4G), Wi-Fi data Internet Video Internet Radio Recom- Cable Portal Billing mend ID Search
Interactive content UI Widget HTML5, Android Applications Common APPs (Games, Widgets, Tools, etc) 2nd Gen STB Target Ad. Smartphone & Tablet
Wi-Fi Multiple DVR HOME NETWORK NAS Remote UI Multi- （2nd screen） Content to go device 9 3rd Generation STB
4K UHDTV
Remote Viewing Multi- device
on the road
3rd Gen STB
Remote control EPG Personalized Portal Mirroring
Services for and in collaboration with tablets and smartphones
10 4K Services in Japan
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q
Channel 4K (Experimental Satellite NexTV-F
Service on CS 124/128 ） Broadcasters Broadcasters Terrestrial No Plan 国内における4Kサービス取り組み状況 Broadcasting Experimental ４K/8K Commercial 4K/8K Satellite (ch.17) (RHCP & LHCP) 110°E Communications Experimental ４K Commercial 4K Satellite 110°E （JSAT-１１０A LHCP) (LHCP)
March 2015 CS124°/128° Sky Perfect 4K (Commercial Service)
Oct 2014 Telco NTT Plala ③ IP VoD Hikari TV 4K
AcTVila Dec 2014 4K AcTVila IP VoD
BS ch.17 (TS) Cable Cable TV Cable TV 4K Retransmission of Cable 4K(RF) Channel 4K (RF/IP) Cable 4K(IP)
Cable TV 4K Apr 2016 IP VOD Milplus 4K Cable TV 4K May 2015 RF VOD J:COM On Demand 11 4K services supported by 3rd Gen. STB
• Cable 4K RF & IP – Cable 4K RF with 64 bit encryption – Cable 4K IP with Marlin CAS/DRM (AES128 encryption)
• New cable channels with AES 128 encryption (ACAS) – In anticipation of Hollywood 4K movies
• Retransmission of Advanced Satellite Broadcasting – AES 128 encryption (ACAS) – MMT (MPEG Media Transport) in place of MPEG2 TS
• IP VoD – MPEG DASH – Common Encryption Scheme (CENC) (ITU-T J.1005/1006)
12 Cable 4K Content Distribution Scheme
Cable TV Content Production stations Providers
Japan Cable and Telecommunications Association （JCTA) Compilation Policy making and Cable 4K Platform supervision for content production and compilation
NW NW Distribution RF IP RF IP
JDSJDS局局 JDSJDS局局 CableJDS局 CableJDS局 Headend Headend
13 Cable 4K RF Transmission System
25Mbit/s bitrate
4K TV
Content
IP Transmission IP
IP Transmission IP Playout
A Storage Scrambler
HEVC （ Multiplexer （ 64
Content File IP
Encoder TS Q →
→ A
B TS
IP) M
Content ） A‘ B‘ C‘ Channels STB C A‘ B’ C’ NIT AJC-CMS
All Japan Cable EPG Content CAS Management PSI/SI ECM/EMM System Subscriber CAS Server Management System (SMS)
Content Cable Platform Cable Operator HE Subscriber
14 Cable 4K IP Transmission System
Content 4K TV
Servers
Storage Playout A HEVC File L3/SW Content Encoder B Configuration CMTS Content A‘ B‘ C‘ SI L3/SW OLT C SNTP STB DRM (Marlin) AJC-CMS Subscriber All Japan Cable Management Content Management System (SMS) System Authentication & Authorization Permission, etc Server
Content Cable Platform Cable Operator HE Subscriber
15 New cables channels with AES128
• Use of ACAS (AES 128 Encryption) – This is in response to US MovieLabs Specification for Enhanced Content Protection, which defines the following, among others: • Use of a cypher of AES 128 or better • Can revoke and renew versions of client component • Provision of hardware root of trust (HRoT)
– The same CAS system as the Advanced Satellite Broadcasting (next slide)
• Use of H.265 HEVC and H.264/AVC – This enables up to four times more efficient bandwidth usage than the existing cable channels.
16 Retransmission of advanced satellite service
• Ten (10) 4K channels on Japanese Broadcasting Satellite (BS) starting in December 2018 – Ten (10) 4K channels (6 on right-hand circular polarization (RHCP), 4 on left-hand circular pol (LHCP)) – One (1) 8K channel on LHCP
• New equipment required to carry those services over cable: – HE and STB to send and receive MMT (MPEG Media Transport) replacing MPEG-2 TS – CAS system with 128bit AES (ACAS) – HDR TV (HLG) – For 8K, HE and STB capable of channel bonding scheme as defined in Annex A of ITU-T J.183
17 MMT (MPEG Media Transport)
• ISO/IEC 23008 (March 2014) MPEG-H: High efficiency coding and media delivery in heterogeneous environments
• MMT is defined as Part 1 of MPEG-H
• MPEG-H suite includes HEVC (H.265) as Part 2
Part 1: MPEG Media Transport (MMT) Part 2: High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) Part 3: 3D Audio Part 10: FEC Codes for MPEG Media Transport Part 11: Composition coding for MMT
18 Advantage of MMT
• MMT has the following features which overcome the shortcomings of MPEG-2 TS: 1. Can synchronize streams from different sources (e.g. streams from broadcasting and broadband), using NTP 2. Uses variable length packets – suitable for transporting high bit rate streams or large size files
Broadcast NW NTP SI MMTP
リプレイ URL Time Sync NTP SI MMTP Telco NW
Example：Main video via broadcasting network, while videos from different cameras via telco network 19 MMT Protocol Stack
MMT packets are annexed to IP header IP packets are multiplexed* using TLV (Type Length Value) for transmission over digital broadcasting channel
*ITU-R BT.1869
EPG MMT NTP Sub- Video Audio Apps
title Content
(Timing) -
SI Download
TMCC AAC HEVC Sub-title HTML5 ALS Encoding MMT TLV UDP/IP TLV Broadcasting Channel Source： ARIB STD-B60 “Media Transport on Digital Broadcasting”
TMCC: Transmission and Multiplexing Configuration and Control (ISDB system parameters; not on cable channel) 20 Broadcasters’ CAS Security Chip (ACAS)
HRoT by means of a dedicated hardware chip Path between SoC and the CAS chip is securely encrypted CAS software renewable by software download
Software Download CAS Security SoC Chip SAC (authenticated and encrypted)
・Scrambler: AES 128 ・CAS: standardized (one type) ・SoC: not dependent on CAS security chip
21 HDR（High Dynamic Range） HDR is a technology to extend the luminance of video signal Two main standards to define HDR transfer functions – HLG :Hybrid Log Gamma – PQ: Perceptual Quantization Japanese broadcasters will use HLG for the time being, with PQ for further study
＜HDR画像＞
＜SDR画像＞
22 ACS (Auto Configuration Server)
Using broadband Forum TR-069 (Technical Report 069: CPE WAN Management Protocol), cable operators can remotely configure and maintain STBs • Remote configuration • Diagnostics • Firmware update • Collection of audience measurement data
TR-069 Cable TV Operators ACS • Diagnostics • Firmware update • Initial set-up STB • Re-Configuration
23 HybridcastTM Hybridcast is a Japanese equivalent of Europe’s HbbTV (Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV )
From NHK Science and Technology Research Laboratories web site 24 Remote Viewing
Remote viewing is a service which enables Mobile Digital Media Players (M-DMP) such as smartphones and tablets outside the home, to view broadcasting content (real time and recorded) from Digital Media Servers (DMS) such as TV, STB and recording devices inside the home Requirements for remote viewing has been developed in consultation with Japanese broadcasters, and now documented in ARIB TR-B14 (in Japanese)
Can view on-air and recorded Home Network cable channels using smartphones and tablets outside the home
M-DMP DMS
*Next Generation Television & Broadcasting Promotion Forum
25 Remote Viewing
Mobile players must be paired with a digital media server (DMS) such as STB inside the home, before it is carried outside the home. Up to six players can be paired with a DMS but only one player can use this service at a time. Gateway （For NAT transversal）
STB（DMS） Keeps a list of paired M-DMPs
Paired* Remote viewing ● ● outside the home
(1) (2) (3) （up to 6） Media Format(H.264) Mobile Players（M-DMP） 360P(SD) or 480P(SD) *Must be paired every three months Optionally: 180P(SD)、 720P(HD)、1080P(HD) 26 Cable STB Roadmap
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021～
Event Rio de Janeiro PyeongChang Tokyo Olympics World Cup Olympics MPEG2-TS ・C-CAS (Multi-2) Cable 4K(RF) MPEG2-TS ・ACAS (AES128)
Cable 4K(IP) MPEG2-TS ・Marlin（AES128）
Advanced BS TS (Experimental ) MMT Commercial Service Retransmission ・C-CAS (Multi2) ・ACAS (AES128) ・8K (RF) Cable ・MMT⇒TS conversion ・ACAS (AES128) J.183 (Multiple QAM) Platform/ ・8K⇒4K transcoding ・SimulCrypt: C-CAS and ACAS Headend ・ACS(Auto Configuration Server) ・4K/8K (MMT IP)
3rd Gen v1.0 3rd Gen v2.0 3rd Gen v3.0
・Cable 4K ＋BS 4K ＋ STB BS 8K ・Remote viewing Retransmission Retransmission ・ Hybridcast ・Reader for “My Number” card ・120P ・High Dynamic Range (HDR) TV ・22.2ch audio ・Google VP9 (OTT)
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