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8 43045J MARGINAL NOTES Hon. Frank S. Miller Ministry of Minister Geological mapping of the Goderich area was begun in the summer of Natural 1975 and completed in the summer of 1976. Capable field assistance was Dr. J. K. Reynolds rendered by Jack Clue and T.A. Mclelwain in 1975 and by G.L. Jackson Resources Deputy Minister and D.A. McCallum in 1976. Ontario Field techniques included the use of hand augers and soil sampling tubes, combined with the examination of natural and man-made exposures avail able at the time of mapping. Supplementary information was obtained from water well and gas and oil well records for the area. Air photographs ONTARIO GEOLOGICAL SURVEY at a scale of 1:40,OQO were used. PRELIMINARY MAP P. 1232 GEOLOGICALSERIES PALEOZOIC GEOLOGY: Two Middle Devonian formations are exposed semi-continuously in the QUATERNARY GEOLOGY Maitland River valley. The uppermost formation is also exposed in the South Maitland River valley between Summerhill and the Maitland River. The uppermost bedrock unit found within the map-area is the Dundee GODERICH AREA Formation. It is a light grey, medium-grained limestone with occasional chert and probably does not exceed 20 m (60 feet) in thickness in the SOUTHERN ONTARIO map-area. Paleozoic mapping in the area (Liberty and Bolton 1971) indicates that the underlying Detroit River Group rocks are the uppermost Paleozoic Scale: 1:50,000 formation in the southeastern corner of the map-area near Bruceficld. The 1.25 inches to 1 mile approximately Detroit River Group rocks are also exposed as fine- to medium-grained, Mile l O l Mi oanded limestones beneath the Dundee Formation in the lower reaches of *a ©te ta f* © the Maitland River, below Benmiller. ^^ MolrcllOOO 0 "' '""* 0 - 00 ^-*" Bedrock topographic compilations (Karrow et a!. 1965) indicate three NTS Reference: 40 P/12 bedrock valleys in the area: one in the general location of the modern Maitland River valley, one coinciding with the modern Bayfield River OMNR-OGS1977 valley, and one trending nearly east-west passing directly beneath the town of Clinton. Parts of This publication may be quoted if credit is given to the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Division of Mines, Geological Branch QUATERNARY GEOLOGY: and the material is properly referenced. Thg geomorphology of the Gorterirh area is dnmina-tfid hy the presence of the Wawanosh and Wyoming Moraines. The Wawanosh Moraine occupies the northeastern quadrant of the map-area, mainly north of Clinton and east of Holmesville, and is typically a very hummocky, irregular area of topo graphy. The Wyoming Moraine is a linear band of hummocky topography about 5 to 6 km (4 miles) wide, parallel, to and about 4 km (2 to 3 rniles) east of the shore. An interconnecting system of meltwater channels is evident between the two moraines and in the valleys of the Maitland and Bayfield Rivers. The broad flat meltwater channel on the eastern edge of the Wyoming Moraine, passing beneath the town of Holmes ville, was a major drainageway at the time of the formation of the Wyoming Moraine. Drainage was later diverted westward via the Bayfield and Maitland drainageways. The presence of proglacial Lake Warren is recorded in the area as a gravelly sand deposit associated with a poorly developed shoreline scarp on the western side of the Wyoming Moraine. The shoreline is not well devel oped generally but three distinct shoreline strands are evident at Goderich. West of the Warren shoreline a bevelled till plain with shallow deposits of sa.nd, Silt and clay represents the former Warren Lake bottom. ©mis,* , i*. """" ^ -F . Ylf -- ^ IM|R..7 i E.993 P. 764 V& , There are three till units in the Goderich area; from oldest to youngest ©"hfoy ,Ife ^^../^--tt*jj:5i^ they are the Elma Till, the Rannoch Till and the St. Joseph Till. si.Jhpmpt - i-., i.-r^-m ^-i.-^-^© .-- l

The Elma Till is not exposed at surface in the Goderich area but it does occur in stratigraphic sequence at a number of places in the Maitland River valley beneath both the Rannoch and St. Joseph Tills. It is a Georgian Bay lobe till, deposited from the north-northeast, and is typically a hard stony sandy silt till. Elma Till is the oldest till encountered in the present survey, it was deposited slightly before the Rannoch Till, at approximately 14,000 years B.P. The Rannoch Till is a Huron lobe till, deposited from the west, and is present as the surface till east of the Wyoming Moraine. The Rannoch Till is a variable loose stony silt till. The loose and variable nature of the till is a reflection of the ice-contact materials which underlie it on the Wawanosh LEGEND Moraine. The deposition of the Wawanosh Moraine is tied closely to the deposition of the Rannoch and Elma Tills: at approximately 14,000 years CENOZOIC B.P. the Elma ice stood at or just east of the Wawanosh Moraine and the QUATERNARY Rannpch ice stood against the western side of the moraine. Interaction of RECENT the two ice sheets resulted in the deposition of the large quantities of sand UiliSiiiS^^ and gravel forming the Wawanosh Moraine. The Elma ice then withdrew and Anthropogenic deposits: materials altered, transported the Rannoch ice advanced over the moraine and onto the area of Elma Till. or manufactured by man At about 13,500 years B.P. the ice withdrew into the Huron basin and Lacustrine shoreline deposits: sand and gravel stayed there during the Mackinaw Interstadial. O TV Alluvial deposits: stream deposits of gravel, sand and silt At approximately 13,000 years B.P. the ice re-advanced during the Port Huron Stadial and deposited the Wyoming Moraine, which is composed of Organic deposits: peat, muck St. Joseph Till. The St. Joseph Till is a moderately stony clayey silt till. Pre-existing Mackinaw Interstadial sediments are both incorporated in and PLEISTOCENE intercalated with the St. Joseph Till. The meltwater channel at Holmesville WISCONSINAN STAGE was probably formed at this time and originally drainage was southward Late Wisconsinan Substage along the front of the moraine. When the ice had retreated, the Bayfield and Maitland Rivers cut their valleys through the moraine and drainage Glaciolacustrine deep water deposits: sand, silt and clay was redirected. Glaciolacustrine shallow water deposits; gravel and sand Toward the cfose of the Port Huron stadial the ice withdrew into the Huron basin and Lake Warren was formed between the ice front and the Glaciofluvial outwash deposits: sand, minor gravel Wyoming ( z Port Huron) Moraine system. The lake is well represented in the Goderich area by an intermittently developed bluff and a linear gravelly Glaciofluvial outwash deposits: sand and gravel sand deposit. St. Joseph Till: clayey silt till Recent shore erosion has obliterated the Lake Algonquin shoreline, but it Rannoch Till: silt to sandy silt till is probable that the Algonquin shore existed in the area, A number of ter y - V. .^tT7r"rr•r r^y*^^^^ race features exist on creeks flowing into Lake Huron, particularly in the 1-X© ©!©!©.*."-©-"-"*©-©©K* v" . ©-© © © © ©- -T © Bayfield area. These terraces are similar to those reported in the Grand Ice-contact stratified drift: sand and gravel Bend area (Cowan et af. 1975) and in the Kincardine area (Karrow et al. ©iv/^^x^©:^^-!-!©!©! "© © © ©. ©. ©. i©!-©.©".©". 1 "Elma Till: stony sandy silt till 1975); it is probable that these terraces were graded to the Lake Algonquin level. UNCONFORMITY

ECONOMIC GEOLOGY: PALEOZOIC There are considerable reserves of sand and gravel in the Goderich area. DEVONIAN Sand and gravel has been mined from the Lake Warren shoreline for a J Dundee Formation: limestone number of years but deposits are largely depleted. Two permanent extraction Detroit River Group: banded limestone operations exist in the outwash deposits near Holmesville. This deposit possesses large quantities of good quality aggregate. One permanent ex "present in stratigraphic sequences only traction operation exists in the Maitland River outwash deposits and there are considerable quantities of good quality aggregate remaining. There are SYMBOLS a number of small non-operational pits in the outwash deposits of the Bayfield River but reserves are small. A number of pits have been used in Morainic topography the area of the Wawanosh Moraine. The sand and gravel is of an ice-contact nature and is therefore highly variable but locally useful aggregate exists and Abandoned shoreline scarp sizeable quantities of aggregate remain. Bedrock is close to the surface along the entire Maitland River in the area. Sand or gravel-pit No quarries have been opened in the area and the large quantities of gravel reserves suggest that there is little likelihood of any bedrock extraction in X l Bedrock outcrop the near future. ~"^j Geological boundary, approximate Both natural gas and salt have been extracted from the Silurian rocks underlying the area. Pinnacle reefs of the Guelph Formation often form Esker gas and/or oil reservoirs. One such reef between Bayfield and Varna has yielded natural gas and exploration is being carried out currently for more ^'^'^'^•'.''•Z^'^ such reservoirs. Salt is presently being extracted from the Salina Formation SOURCESOF INFORMATION by both shaft and brine-well methods at Goderich. Geology Dy A.J, Cooper, W.D. Fitzgerald and assistants, 1975. 1976. REFERENCES Topography from Map 40 P/12 of the National Topographic Series. Aerial Photography: Ontario Ministry Natural Resources, Toronto and Cowan, W.R., Karrow, P.F., Cooper, A.J., and Morgan, A.V. National Air Photo Library, Ottawa. 1975: Late Quaternary Stratigraphy of the Waterloo-Lake Huron Additional information from water well records. Ministry of the Envi Area, ; Geol. Assoc. of Canada, Ann. ronment, and gas and oil well records, Petroleum Resources Branch, Mtg. Field Guide Book No.7, p.180-222. Ministry of Natural Resources.

Karrow, P.F., Anderson, T.W., Clarke, A.M., Delorme, L.D., and This map is published with the permission of E.G. Pye, Director, Sreenivasa, M.R. Geological Branch, Division of Mines. 1975©: Stratigraphy, Paleontology, and Age of Lake Algonquin Sedi ments in Southwestern Ontario, Canada; Quaternary Res., Issued 1977 Vol.5, p.49-87. , , . . . . . *^. . . ,f. . *rw- . *. *.©.©.©.©.©.©.© .~-,*t . .©.©. IN -rt Karrow, P.F., Ben-Tahr, I., Steel, D,B., and Morrison, W.D. Parts of this publication may be quoted if credit is given to the Ontario 1965: Bedrock Topography of the Goder i eh-Seaforth Area; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Division of Mines, Geological Branch. It vtf /© © * " ".".".©.TV.©- i --©- - ©"- - mfm .'.','. . . i - - - -i ' *- "'4- - ' © -:* . . . - . - . . . . Dept. Mines, Prelim. Map. P.297, scale l :50,000. *r - '~ .©; . . * * l A - •.•.'.'.'.'.'- . - - - - - *.©.©.©.©.".© .y.".".?.©.".©.".©.©.©.©.".©.".©.©,*. is recommended that reference to this map be made in the following ~~l?- /©©" © ©.". .©.© ,©,©l©.©.©-©."-© " ]{.*y .©.©.© © © ©-" © © 1 ©©©.V*A r ;TnJiF©-"©*©^^©-i^*i"i© -' -''' ' *"""" "© form: Liberty, B.A., and Bolton, T.E. s* ' ©.©.©.© " " ©^ © © © © © ©,©".].©.t . . .©.©." "r -"©© " !-*.K© : "~:~ i .'.'.', V-©©-©©©©^©©©©©"©"©"©©-f-**©* Cooper, A.J. and Fitzgerald, W.D. 1971: Paleozoic Geology of the Bruce Peninsula Area, Ontario; Geol. ^. X©X©v©-©t©-©-©-©©"©©©©^©.©}©".©©.©©.*©.©.©.©*©.©.©-)©©" d t t !©!0*-!*!©!*!©V.©^li!Xs*^i^;r*©T^ 1977: Quaternary Geology of the Goderich Area, Southern On Surv. Can., Memoir 360, 1G3p. Accompanied by Map 1194A,4303Q© ...... tario; Ontario Geological Survey Prelim. Map P.1232, scale 1 inch to 4 inches. Data compiled as of July 1964. 81u-50r Geol. Ser., scale 1:50,000. Geology 1975, 1976. ADJOINS GRAND BEND AREA (P. 974)