Ausable Bayfield Maitland Valley Source Protection Region
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Conc e p t ua l Water Budget Ausable Bayfield Maitland Valley Source Protection Region Made possible through the support of the Government of Ontario Ausable Bayfield Maitland Valley Source Protection Region – Conceptual Water Budget Ausable Bayfield Maitland Valley FINAL DRAFT Conceptual Water Budget October 2007 i Ausable Bayfield Maitland Valley Source Protection Region – Conceptual Water Budget Table of Contents Conceptual Water Budget 1.0 Introduction ...............................................................................................................1 1.1 Goals and Anticipated Use of the Water Budget...................................................... 1 1.2 Definition of Uniform Areas..................................................................................... 2 2.0 Characterization of the Ausable-Bayfield-Maitland Surface Water System ........2 2.1 Introduction............................................................................................................... 2 2.2 Background............................................................................................................... 3 2.3 Climate of the Study Area......................................................................................... 9 2.3.1 Precipitation ....................................................................................................... 9 2.3.2 Air Temperature............................................................................................... 10 2.3.3 Wind, Barometric Pressure and Solar Radiation ............................................. 11 2.3.4 Evapotranspiration ........................................................................................... 11 2.4 Land Cover.............................................................................................................. 13 2.5 Infiltration ............................................................................................................... 13 2.6 Runoff and Streamflow........................................................................................... 15 2.7 Baseflow ................................................................................................................. 16 3.0 Groundwater System..............................................................................................17 3.1 Geology................................................................................................................... 17 3.1.1 Precambrian Basement Rocks.......................................................................... 17 3.1.2 Paleozoic Bedrock of Southern Ontario .......................................................... 18 3.1.3 Pleistocene Glacial Geology............................................................................ 22 3.1.4 Holocene Erosion and Deposition ................................................................... 23 3.2 Hydrogeology ......................................................................................................... 23 3.2.1 Bedrock Aquifers............................................................................................. 24 3.2.2 Overburden Aquifers ....................................................................................... 25 3.2.3 Groundwater/Surface Water Interactions ........................................................ 28 3.2.4 Groundwater Monitoring ................................................................................. 29 3.2.5 Hydrostratigraphy ............................................................................................ 29 4.0 Water Use.................................................................................................................31 4.1 Data Sources ........................................................................................................... 31 4.2 Municipal Water Takings ....................................................................................... 31 4.3 Agricultural Water Takings .................................................................................... 31 4.4 Private Domestic Consumption .............................................................................. 32 4.5 Industrial and Recreational uses ............................................................................. 32 5.0 Conceptualization of the Hydrologic System.......................................................33 5.1 Key Components and Processes ............................................................................. 33 5.2 Data Gaps................................................................................................................ 35 6.0 Summary and recommendations for further work...............................................36 6.1 Summary................................................................................................................. 36 6.2 Recommendations for Further Work ...................................................................... 36 6.3 Screening Decisions................................................................................................ 37 References.....................................................................................................................39 Appendix A:...................................................................................................................40 Appendix B:...................................................................................................................43 ii Ausable Bayfield Maitland Valley Source Protection Region – Conceptual Water Budget Appendix C:...................................................................................................................46 Appendix D:...................................................................................................................48 Appendix E: ...................................................................................................................50 iii Ausable Bayfield Maitland Valley Source Protection Region – Conceptual Water Budget List of Tables Table 1. Comparison of Annual Precipitation Amounts Recorded by AES and CA stations .............................................................................................................................. 10 Table 2. Estimation of Actual ET within the Study Area's Gauged Watershed Units .... 12 Table 3. Areas of Study for Update Land Cover Project................................................. 13 Table 4. Estimation of Actual ET within the Study Area's Hydrologic Response Units 17 List of Figures Figure 1. BRFU Model Schematic Representation of the Ausable River System............. 5 Figure 2. BRFU Model Schematic Representation of the Bayfield River System............ 6 Figure 3. BRFU Model Schematic Representation of the Maitland River System ........... 7 Figure 4. BRFU Model Schematic Representation of the Nine Mile System ................... 8 Figure 5. Default Monthly Surface Infiltration Adjustment Factors Used in the BRFU Flood Forecasting Hydrologic Model for River Systems in the Ausable-Bayfield Maitland Valley Planning Region..................................................................................... 15 Figure 6. Hydrostratigraphy of Study Area, modified from Abbey et al., 2004.............. 30 Figure 7. Schematic of the components and fluxes of the Ausable Bayfield Maitland Valley Planning Region Water Budget............................................................................. 34 List of Maps (Appendix D) CWB Map 1: Planning Region Subwatersheds CWB Map 2: Climatological Monitoring Stations CWB Map 3: Thiessen Polygon Map for Daily Climate Stations CWB Map 4: Thiessen Polygon Map for Hourly Climate Stations CWB Map 5: Landcover CWB Map 6: Soils CWB Map 7: Hydrologic Response Units CWB Map 8: Tile Drainage CWB Map 9: Runoff in mm/yr for Gauged Watersheds CWB Map 10: Bedrock Topography CWB Map 11: Groundwater Flow in Bedrock Aquifer CWB Map 12: Potential Overburden Aquifers iv Ausable Bayfield Maitland Valley Source Protection Region – Conceptual Water Budget List of Acronyms AWC- Available Water Capacity BFI- Baseflow Index BFLOW- Baseflow Separation Program BRFU- Basin Runoff Forecast Unit CA- Conservation Authority CLI- Canada Landuse Inventory DEM- Digital Elevation Model ET- Evapotranspiration GAWSER- Guelph All-Weather Sequential Event Runoff model GIS- Geographic information system GRCA- Grand River Conservation Authority GSCA – Grey Sauble Conservation Authority GUDI- Groundwater Under the Direct Influence of Surface Water HSPF- Hydrological Simulation Program – Fortran HYDAT- Hydroclimatological Data Retrieval Program IWD- Inverse Weighted Distance MNBP- Municipality of Northern Bruce Peninsula MNR- Ministry of Natural Resources NRCan- Natural Resources Canada NRVIS- Natural Resources Values Information System PTTW- Provincial Permit To Take Water STATSGO- State Soil Geographic Database STPs- Sewage Treatment Plants SVCA- Saugeen Valley Conservation Authority SWAT- Soil and Water Assessment Tool SWP- Source Water Protection v Ausable Bayfield Maitland Valley Source Protection Region – Conceptual Water Budget Conceptual Water Budget 1.0 Introduction The goal of any water budget is to characterize, as accurately as possible, the fluxes of water through the hydrologic system one is attempting to define. In order to do this, a basic understanding of the processes and components within the area and the flow between specific components of that cycle must be understood. This