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Natural Environment Update for Huron County - Technical Document

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Natural Environment Update for Huron County - Technical Document Natural Environment Update for Huron County - Technical Document Background Research for Natural Environment Planning September 2019 This report was prepared by the Technical Team for the Natural Environment Update for Huron County Advisory Committee. Executive Summary The countryside of Huron County supports different land use activities with agriculture being prominent. At the property scale, many people find that natural areas such as woodlots, rivers, ponds, and meadows are the most attractive features of their property. In this working landscape, these features are also collectively valued by the community and broader society. It is important to have a coordinated approach for protecting and enhancing natural heritage features that is supported by agencies, stakeholders and landowners across the County. Natural systems planning identifies spatially and functionally interconnected systems of natural features and landforms. It is an effective way to preserve biodiversity, which is an essential component of ecosystem health. The natural heritage system in Huron County is comprised of coastal and hinterland landforms, natural heritage features, and watercourses. The Natural Heritage Systems Study section describes the methodology used to identify natural heritage features in Huron County and evaluate the features based on their individual significance and within the context of the natural heritage system. According to 2006 aerial imagery, there is 20% natural cover in the County. Woodlands cover 16.6% of Huron County, wetlands 6.5%, meadows 1.8%, and thickets (areas with shrubs and small trees) 0.49%. The landscape model used to apply significance criteria to natural heritage patches in Huron County identified 98% of the natural cover as being significant. The remaining 2%, which includes many small patches that cover 0.4% of the County’s land base, are also important components of the natural heritage system. The cover is not equally distributed throughout the County, and is highly fragmented. Connections between natural features should be enhanced where possible. Aquatic resource information for watercourses in Huron County such as water quantity and quality, fish, and aquatic habitat were summarized from existing reports. Water chemistry parameters were used to summarize information about water quality, while other parameters (mainly flow, water temperature and clarity) were used to describe the aquatic habitat and to classify watercourses. To describe the aquatic habitat in Huron County, the mapped watercourses were grouped into five systems. Most of the watercourses (44.3%) have permanent flow, warm or cool/cold water and have sensitive or significant species (classified as System 1). Sixteen percent of watercourses have permanent flow, warm water and support baitfish (System 2). Eleven percent of watercourses have intermittent flow, warm water, and are seasonally accessed by baitfish and other larger fish (System 3). Approximately 21.4% of watercourses within Huron County are closed (watercourses that have been tiled underground). Lastly, approximately 7% of watercourses have not been classified, in part due to access and to the ephemeral nature of these channels (‘Unclassified’ grouping). Concentrations of nitrate, phosphorus and bacteria appear to be impairing some of the recreational uses of water in Huron County. There are differences in water chemistry and aquatic habitat amongst the rivers in Huron County. Further examination of the sources and conveyance of nutrients and bacteria in watercourses with different physical features and land use will inform stewardship efforts to improve the water for all users. Species at Risk contribute to the overall biodiversity of the landscape and are important indicators of environmental health. Huron County is home to a number of rare species. 1 Natural Environment Update for Huron County - Technical Document Acknowledgements The Technical Team gratefully acknowledges the dedication, support and guidance of the Advisory Committee to complete the Technical Document. The representation of organizations on the Advisory Committee and the Technical Team are below. Advisory Committee Technical Team County of Huron Huron County Planning Department Huron County Planning Department Representatives from the ABCA, MVCA, SVCA, Representatives from the ABCA, MVCA, SVCA, UTRCA* UTRCA* Christian Farmers of Ontario Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Huron Federation of Agriculture Forestry National Farmers Union Lake Huron Centre for Coastal Conservation Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry Huron Stewardship Council Huron Stewardship Council Nature Conservancy of Canada Huron-Perth Ontario Woodlot Association Lower Maitland Stewardship Group Nature Conservancy of Canada *Ausable Bayfield Conservation Authority = ABCA; Maitland Valley Conservation Authority = MVCA; Saugeen Valley Conservation Authority = SVCA; Upper Thames River Conservation Authority = UTRCA. Several pre-project meetings were held between September 2010 and April 2011 with staff from the Conservation Authorities and County of Huron to discuss the Natural Environment Update for Huron County. Huron County Council approved the Terms of Reference developed by the Conservation Authorities at the November 2010 meeting of County Council. County funds were allocated to the project in the 2011 and 2012 budgets. The Huron County Planning Department managed the overall project. The Upper Thames River Conservation Authority (UTRCA) managed the development of the Technical Document from January 2011 to October 2011. From November 2011 to December 2013, Maitland Valley Conservation Authority (MVCA) chaired the Technical Team with the support of Ausable Bayfield Conservation Authority (ABCA) and UTRCA. The Technical Team would like to thank the peer reviewers, Katharina Walton and David Stephenson of Natural Resources Solutions Inc. (NRSI), for their very thoughtful and helpful review of this document. This document has also been peer reviewed by the late Dr. Jane Bowles (University of Western Ontario) in spring of 2011. Sadly, Jane passed away in the summer of 2013. Jane’s career-long contribution to conserving natural heritage in Huron County was immense, and we are grateful for her involvement in this project. Funding for the Natural Environment Update for Huron County has been provided by the County of Huron; Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs; and Environment Canada. The cover photo was provided by Douglas Hocking. Recommended citation Huron County. 2015. Natural Environment Update for Huron County Technical Document. 115 pp. 2 Natural Environment Update for Huron County - Technical Document Table of Contents 1 Background........................................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 4 1.2 Study Area – Huron County ......................................................................................................... 4 1.3 History of Settlement .................................................................................................................. 5 1.4 Natural Heritage System in Huron County .................................................................................. 7 1.5 Technical Document Goals and Products .................................................................................... 7 1.6 References ................................................................................................................................... 8 2 Natural Heritage Systems Study ......................................................................................................... 12 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 12 2.2 Landforms: Definitions and Significance ................................................................................... 15 2.3 Natural Heritage Features: Definitions and Significance ........................................................... 20 2.4 Mapping Methods ..................................................................................................................... 36 2.5 Results ....................................................................................................................................... 46 2.6 Summary .................................................................................................................................... 51 2.7 References ................................................................................................................................. 51 3 Aquatic Resources Study .................................................................................................................... 60 3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 60 3.2 Surface Water Quantity ............................................................................................................. 61 3.3 Surface Water Quality ............................................................................................................... 63 3.4 Biology ......................................................................................................................................
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