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Neuropsychopharmacology (2014) 39, 499–506 & 2014 American College of Neuropsychopharmacology. All rights reserved 0893-133X/14 www.neuropsychopharmacology.org Chronic Administration of the Methylxanthine Propentofylline Impairs Reinstatement to Cocaine by a GLT-1-Dependent Mechanism ,1 1,2 1 1 1 Kathryn J Reissner* , Robyn M Brown , Sade Spencer , Phuong K Tran , Charles A Thomas and 1 Peter W Kalivas 1 2 Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia In recent years, interactions between neurons and glia have been evaluated as mediators of neuropsychiatric diseases, including drug addiction. In particular, compounds that increase expression of the astroglial glutamate transporter GLT-1 (N-acetylcysteine and ceftriaxone) can decrease measures of drug seeking. However, it is unknown whether the compounds that influence broad measures of glial physiology can influence behavioral measures of drug relapse, nor is it clear whether the upregulated GLT-1 is functionally important for suppressing of drug seeking. To address these questions, we sought to determine whether the glial modulator and neuroprotective agent propentofylline (PPF) modifies drug seeking in rats using a reinstatement model of cocaine relapse. We found that 7 days of chronic (but not acute) administration of PPF significantly decreased both cue- and cocaine-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking. We next determined whether the effect of systemic PPF on reinstatement depended upon its ability to restore expression of GLT-1 in the nucleus accumbens. PPF restored the cocaine-induced decrease in GLT-1 in the accumbens core; then, using an antisense strategy against glutamate transporter GLT-1, we found that restored transporter expression was necessary for PPF to inhibit cue-primed cocaine seeking. -
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2006/0110428A1 De Juan Et Al
US 200601 10428A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2006/0110428A1 de Juan et al. (43) Pub. Date: May 25, 2006 (54) METHODS AND DEVICES FOR THE Publication Classification TREATMENT OF OCULAR CONDITIONS (51) Int. Cl. (76) Inventors: Eugene de Juan, LaCanada, CA (US); A6F 2/00 (2006.01) Signe E. Varner, Los Angeles, CA (52) U.S. Cl. .............................................................. 424/427 (US); Laurie R. Lawin, New Brighton, MN (US) (57) ABSTRACT Correspondence Address: Featured is a method for instilling one or more bioactive SCOTT PRIBNOW agents into ocular tissue within an eye of a patient for the Kagan Binder, PLLC treatment of an ocular condition, the method comprising Suite 200 concurrently using at least two of the following bioactive 221 Main Street North agent delivery methods (A)-(C): Stillwater, MN 55082 (US) (A) implanting a Sustained release delivery device com (21) Appl. No.: 11/175,850 prising one or more bioactive agents in a posterior region of the eye so that it delivers the one or more (22) Filed: Jul. 5, 2005 bioactive agents into the vitreous humor of the eye; (B) instilling (e.g., injecting or implanting) one or more Related U.S. Application Data bioactive agents Subretinally; and (60) Provisional application No. 60/585,236, filed on Jul. (C) instilling (e.g., injecting or delivering by ocular ion 2, 2004. Provisional application No. 60/669,701, filed tophoresis) one or more bioactive agents into the Vit on Apr. 8, 2005. reous humor of the eye. Patent Application Publication May 25, 2006 Sheet 1 of 22 US 2006/0110428A1 R 2 2 C.6 Fig. -
Thoroughbred Racing
178CSR1 Title 178 Legislative Rule West Virginia Racing Commission Series 1 Thoroughbred Racing Effective: July 9, 2014 West Virginia Racing Commission 900 Pennsylvania Avenue Suite 533 Charleston WV 25302 305.558.2150 Fax 304.558.6319 Web Site: www.racing.wv.gov 178CSR1 Table of Contents SERIES 1 THOROUGHBRED RACING ____________________________________________________________________ 1 §178-1-1. General. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 1 PART 1. DEFINITIONS. _________________________________________________________________________________ 1 §178-1-2. Definitions. _________________________________________________________________________________ 1 PART 2. GENERAL AUTHORITY. ________________________________________________________________________ 9 §178-1-3. General Authority of the Racing Commission. ______________________________________________________ 9 §178-1-4. Power Of Entry. ______________________________________________________________________________ 9 §178-1-5. Racing Commission personnel. __________________________________________________________________ 9 §178-1-6. Ejection/Exclusion. __________________________________________________________________________ 12 PART 3. RACING OFFICIALS. __________________________________________________________________________ 12 §178-1-7. General Provisions. __________________________________________________________________________ 12 §178-1-8. Stewards. __________________________________________________________________________________ 14 -
Systematic Review of the Effect of Intravenous Lipid Emulsion Therapy for Non-Local Anesthetics Toxicity
Clinical Toxicology ISSN: 1556-3650 (Print) 1556-9519 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ictx20 Systematic review of the effect of intravenous lipid emulsion therapy for non-local anesthetics toxicity Michael Levine, Robert S. Hoffman, Valéry Lavergne, Christine M. Stork, Andis Graudins, Ryan Chuang, Samuel J. Stellpflug, Martin Morris, Andrea Miller-Nesbitt, Sophie Gosselin & for the Lipid Emulsion Workgroup* To cite this article: Michael Levine, Robert S. Hoffman, Valéry Lavergne, Christine M. Stork, Andis Graudins, Ryan Chuang, Samuel J. Stellpflug, Martin Morris, Andrea Miller-Nesbitt, Sophie Gosselin & for the Lipid Emulsion Workgroup* (2016) Systematic review of the effect of intravenous lipid emulsion therapy for non-local anesthetics toxicity, Clinical Toxicology, 54:3, 194-221, DOI: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1126286 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/15563650.2015.1126286 Published online: 06 Feb 2016. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 692 View related articles View Crossmark data Citing articles: 2 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=ictx20 Download by: [UPSTATE Medical University Health Sciences Library] Date: 03 August 2016, At: 08:19 CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY, 2016 VOL. 54, NO. 3, 194–221 http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/15563650.2015.1126286 REVIEW Systematic review of the effect of intravenous lipid emulsion therapy for non-local anesthetics toxicity Michael Levinea, Robert S. Hoffmanb, Vale´ry Lavergnec, Christine M. Storkd, Andis Graudinse, Ryan Chuangf, Samuel J. Stellpflugg, Martin Morrish, Andrea Miller-Nesbitth, Sophie Gosselini and for the Lipid Emulsion Workgroup* aDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Section of Medical Toxicology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; bDivision of Medical Toxicology, Ronald O. -
Prohibited Substances List
Prohibited Substances List This is the Equine Prohibited Substances List that was voted in at the FEI General Assembly in November 2009 alongside the new Equine Anti-Doping and Controlled Medication Regulations(EADCMR). Neither the List nor the EADCM Regulations are in current usage. Both come into effect on 1 January 2010. The current list of FEI prohibited substances remains in effect until 31 December 2009 and can be found at Annex II Vet Regs (11th edition) Changes in this List : Shaded row means that either removed or allowed at certain limits only SUBSTANCE ACTIVITY Banned Substances 1 Acebutolol Beta blocker 2 Acefylline Bronchodilator 3 Acemetacin NSAID 4 Acenocoumarol Anticoagulant 5 Acetanilid Analgesic/anti-pyretic 6 Acetohexamide Pancreatic stimulant 7 Acetominophen (Paracetamol) Analgesic/anti-pyretic 8 Acetophenazine Antipsychotic 9 Acetylmorphine Narcotic 10 Adinazolam Anxiolytic 11 Adiphenine Anti-spasmodic 12 Adrafinil Stimulant 13 Adrenaline Stimulant 14 Adrenochrome Haemostatic 15 Alclofenac NSAID 16 Alcuronium Muscle relaxant 17 Aldosterone Hormone 18 Alfentanil Narcotic 19 Allopurinol Xanthine oxidase inhibitor (anti-hyperuricaemia) 20 Almotriptan 5 HT agonist (anti-migraine) 21 Alphadolone acetate Neurosteriod 22 Alphaprodine Opiod analgesic 23 Alpidem Anxiolytic 24 Alprazolam Anxiolytic 25 Alprenolol Beta blocker 26 Althesin IV anaesthetic 27 Althiazide Diuretic 28 Altrenogest (in males and gelidngs) Oestrus suppression 29 Alverine Antispasmodic 30 Amantadine Dopaminergic 31 Ambenonium Cholinesterase inhibition 32 Ambucetamide Antispasmodic 33 Amethocaine Local anaesthetic 34 Amfepramone Stimulant 35 Amfetaminil Stimulant 36 Amidephrine Vasoconstrictor 37 Amiloride Diuretic 1 Prohibited Substances List This is the Equine Prohibited Substances List that was voted in at the FEI General Assembly in November 2009 alongside the new Equine Anti-Doping and Controlled Medication Regulations(EADCMR). -
Kentucky Horse Racing Commission Withdrawal Guidelines Thoroughbred; Standardbred; Quarter Horse, Appaloosa, and Arabian KHRC 8-020-2 (11/2018)
Kentucky Horse Racing Commission Withdrawal Guidelines Thoroughbred; Standardbred; Quarter Horse, Appaloosa, and Arabian KHRC 8-020-2 (11/2018) General Notice Unless otherwise specified in these withdrawal guidelines or the applicable regulations and statutes, the following withdrawal guidelines are voluntary and advisory. The guidelines are recommendations based on current scientific knowledge that may change over time. A licensee may present evidence of full compliance with these guidelines to the Kentucky Horse Racing Commission (the “Commission” or “KHRC”) and the stewards as a mitigating factor to be used in determining violations and penalties. These withdrawal interval guidelines assume that administration of medications will be performed at doses that are not greater than the manufacturer’s maximum recommended dosage. Medications administered at dosages above manufacturer’s recommendations, in compounded formulations and/or in combination with other medications and/or administration inside the withdrawal interval may result in test sample concentrations above threshold concentrations that could lead to positive test results and the imposition of penalties. The time of administration of an orally administered substance, for the purposes of withdrawal interval, shall be considered to be the time of complete ingestion of the medication by the horse via eating or drinking. Brand names of medications, where applicable, are listed in parentheses or brackets following the generic name of a drug. In addition to the requirements contained in KRS Chapter 13A, the KHRC shall give notice of an amendment or addition to these withdrawal guidelines by posting the change on the KHRC website and at all Kentucky racetracks at least two weeks before the amendment or addition takes legal effect. -
Structure-Activity Relationship and Mechanistic Studies on The
University of Tennessee Health Science Center UTHSC Digital Commons Theses and Dissertations (ETD) College of Graduate Health Sciences 12-2008 Structure-Activity Relationship and Mechanistic Studies on the Chemopreventive Activity of Dipyridamole and Its Analogues Ja’Wanda Shavon Grant University of Tennessee Health Science Center Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.uthsc.edu/dissertations Part of the Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Grant, Ja’Wanda Shavon , "Structure-Activity Relationship and Mechanistic Studies on the Chemopreventive Activity of Dipyridamole and Its Analogues" (2008). Theses and Dissertations (ETD). Paper 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/ etd.cghs.2008.0114. This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Graduate Health Sciences at UTHSC Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations (ETD) by an authorized administrator of UTHSC Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Structure-Activity Relationship and Mechanistic Studies on the Chemopreventive Activity of Dipyridamole and Its Analogues Document Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Program Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Advisor John K. Buolamwini, Ph.D. Committee Richard E. Lee, Ph.D. Duane Miller, Ph.D. David Nelson, Ph.D. Jie Zheng, Ph.D. DOI 10.21007/etd.cghs.2008.0114 This dissertation is available at UTHSC Digital Commons: https://dc.uthsc.edu/dissertations/100 STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP AND -
Drug and Medication Classification Schedule
KENTUCKY HORSE RACING COMMISSION UNIFORM DRUG, MEDICATION, AND SUBSTANCE CLASSIFICATION SCHEDULE KHRC 8-020-1 (11/2018) Class A drugs, medications, and substances are those (1) that have the highest potential to influence performance in the equine athlete, regardless of their approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration, or (2) that lack approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration but have pharmacologic effects similar to certain Class B drugs, medications, or substances that are approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration. Acecarbromal Bolasterone Cimaterol Divalproex Fluanisone Acetophenazine Boldione Citalopram Dixyrazine Fludiazepam Adinazolam Brimondine Cllibucaine Donepezil Flunitrazepam Alcuronium Bromazepam Clobazam Dopamine Fluopromazine Alfentanil Bromfenac Clocapramine Doxacurium Fluoresone Almotriptan Bromisovalum Clomethiazole Doxapram Fluoxetine Alphaprodine Bromocriptine Clomipramine Doxazosin Flupenthixol Alpidem Bromperidol Clonazepam Doxefazepam Flupirtine Alprazolam Brotizolam Clorazepate Doxepin Flurazepam Alprenolol Bufexamac Clormecaine Droperidol Fluspirilene Althesin Bupivacaine Clostebol Duloxetine Flutoprazepam Aminorex Buprenorphine Clothiapine Eletriptan Fluvoxamine Amisulpride Buspirone Clotiazepam Enalapril Formebolone Amitriptyline Bupropion Cloxazolam Enciprazine Fosinopril Amobarbital Butabartital Clozapine Endorphins Furzabol Amoxapine Butacaine Cobratoxin Enkephalins Galantamine Amperozide Butalbital Cocaine Ephedrine Gallamine Amphetamine Butanilicaine Codeine -
Drugs and Medication Guidelines Brochure
Equine Medication Monitoring Program Drugs and Medication Guidelines January 2021 1 Introduction The California Equine Medication Monitoring Program (EMMP) is an industry funded program to ensure the integrity of public equine events and sales in California through the control of performance and disposition enhancing drugs and permitting limited therapeutic use of drugs and medications. The EMMP and the industry is dedicated and committed to promote the health, welfare and safety of the equine athlete. Owners, trainers, exhibitors, veterinarians and consignors of equines to public sales have a responsibility to be familiar with the California EMMP and the California Equine Medication Rule. California law (Food and Agricultural Code Sections 24000-24018) outlines the equine medication rule for public equine events in California. The owner, trainer and consignor have responsibility to ensure full compliance with all elements of the California Equine Medication Rule. Owners, trainers, exhibitors, veterinarians and consignors of equines to public sales must comply with both the California Equine Medication Rule and any sponsoring organization drug and medication rule for an event. The more stringent medication rule applies for the event. The California Equine Medication Rule is posted on the website: http://www.cdfa.ca.gov/ahfss/Animal_Health/emmp/ The information contained in this document provides advice regarding the California Equine Medication Rule and application of the rule to practical situations. The EMMP recognizes that situations arise where there is an indication for legitimate therapeutic treatment near the time of competition at equine events. The EMMP regulations permit the use of therapeutic medication in certain circumstances to accommodate legitimate therapy in compliance with the requirements of the rule. -
Methadone Or Butorphanol As Pre-Anaesthetic Agents Combined with Romifidine in Horses Undergoing Elective Surgery: Qualitative Assessment of Sedation and Induction
animals Article Methadone or Butorphanol as Pre-Anaesthetic Agents Combined with Romifidine in Horses Undergoing Elective Surgery: Qualitative Assessment of Sedation and Induction Sara Nannarone 1,* , Giacomo Giannettoni 2 , Chiara Laurenza 3, Andrea Giontella 1 and Giulia Moretti 1 1 Department of Veterinary Medicine, Perugia University, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; [email protected] (A.G.); [email protected] (G.M.) 2 ADVETIA Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire, Vélizy-Villacoublay, Île-de-France, 78140 Paris, France; [email protected] 3 Section of Anesthésiologie, Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Marcy l’Etoile, 69280 Lyon, France; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-075-585-7715 Simple Summary: When considering sedation or general anaesthesia in horses, a multimodal strat- egy is commonly preferred over a single drug. This includes the association of alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists, phenothiazines or opioids, to improve the overall sedative and analgesic effects accordingly. However, the use of opioids alone is limited in horses due to the risk of sympathetic stimulation, central nervous system stimulation, excitement and head jerking. In some countries, butorphanol Citation: Nannarone, S.; Giannettoni, is currently the only licensed and most used opioid in equine medicine. We aimed to evaluate the G.; Laurenza, C.; Giontella, A.; pre-anaesthetic association of romifidine with either butorphanol or methadone. The two combi- Moretti, G. Methadone or nations -
Exploring the Glial Mechanisms Underlying Central Neuropathic Pain in a Novel Rat Model of Spinal Cord Injury
i Exploring the Glial Mechanisms Underlying Central Neuropathic Pain in a Novel Rat Model of Spinal Cord Injury by Amanda Lynne Ellis B.A., University of Colorado, 2006 M.A., University of Colorado, 2011 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Colorado in partial fulfillment of the requirement of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Psychology and Neuroscience 2014 ii This thesis entitled: Exploring the Glial Mechanisms Underlying Central Neuropathic Pain in a Novel Rat Model of Spinal Cord Injury written by Amanda Lynne Ellis has been approved for the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience ___________________________________ Dr. Linda Watkins ______________________________________________ Dr. Steven Maier ___________________________________________ Dr. Serge Campeau _______________________________________________ Dr. Benjamin Greenwood _______________________________________________ Dr. Michael Stallings Date____________ The final copy of this thesis has been examined by the signatories, and we Find that both the content and the form meet acceptable presentation standards Of scholarly work in the above mentioned discipline iii Abstract Ellis, Amanda Lynne (Ph.D., Psychology and Neuroscience) Glial Mechanisms of Central Neuropathic Pain Thesis directed by Distinguished Professor Linda Watkins Neuropathic pain is a debilitating condition that is usually intractable to treatment. Spinal cord injury (SCI) is the leading cause of central neuropathic pain (CNP), and patients often describe their pain as severe and intolerable. Although most of the focus in the pain literature has been on neurons, it is now well known that non-neuronal cells of the central nervous system called microglia and astrocytes (herein referred to as “glial cells” or “glia”) play a key role in the induction and maintenance of neuropathic pain. -
Methylxanthines and Neurodegenerative Diseases: an Update
nutrients Review Methylxanthines and Neurodegenerative Diseases: An Update Daniel Janitschke 1,† , Anna A. Lauer 1,†, Cornel M. Bachmann 1, Heike S. Grimm 1, Tobias Hartmann 1,2 and Marcus O. W. Grimm 1,2,* 1 Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany; [email protected] (D.J.); [email protected] (A.A.L.); [email protected] (C.M.B.); [email protected] (H.S.G.); [email protected] (T.H.) 2 Deutsches Institut für DemenzPrävention (DIDP), Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany * Correspondence: [email protected] † These authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract: Methylxanthines (MTX) are purine derived xanthine derivatives. Whereas naturally occurring methylxanthines like caffeine, theophylline or theobromine are widely consumed in food, several synthetic but also non-synthetic methylxanthines are used as pharmaceuticals, in particular in treating airway constrictions. Besides the well-established bronchoprotective effects, methylxanthines are also known to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties, mediate changes in lipid homeostasis and have neuroprotective effects. Known molecular mechanisms include adenosine receptor antagonism, phosphodiesterase inhibition, effects on the cholinergic system, wnt signaling, histone deacetylase activation and gene regulation. By affecting several pathways associated with neurodegenerative diseases via different pleiotropic mechanisms and due to its moderate side effects, intake of methylxanthines have been suggested to be an interesting approach in dealing with neurodegeneration. Especially in the past years, the impact of methylxanthines in neurodegenerative diseases has been extensively studied and several new aspects have been elucidated. In this review Citation: Janitschke, D.; Lauer, A.A.; Bachmann, C.M.; Grimm, H.S.; we summarize the findings of methylxanthines linked to Alzheimer´s disease, Parkinson’s disease Hartmann, T.; Grimm, M.O.W.