An Assessment of Cultural and Heritage Tourism Products in Kampung Hujong Permatang and Kampung Permatang in Kuala Selangor, 163

Munira Binti Saaidin, Amri Bin Ahmad. (2021). An Assessment of Cultural and Heritage Tourism Products in Kampung Hujong Permatang and Kampung Permatang in Kuala Selangor. International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education (INT-JECSE), 13(1): 163-171. DOI: 10.9756/INT-JECSE/V13I1.211019

Received: 22.11.2020 Accepted: 10.01.2021

Munira Binti Saaidin1 Amri Bin Ahmad2 An Assessment of Cultural and Heritage Tourism Products in Kampung Hujong Permatang and Kampung Permatang in Kuala Selangor

Abstract

The purposes of this study were to explore the availability and conditions of the cultural and heritage products in Kampung Hujong Permatang and Kampung Permatang in the Hujong Permatang sub-district of Kuala Selangor. The data and information were collected via observations and unstructured interviews, guided by using checklists on resources such as community, site, physical and natural, environmental, and the tourism facilities and services, that were to be examined. The findings indicated some very interesting and unique cultural and heritage products that were available and could be promoted as tourism products such as the historical sites which had the graves of famous warriors at Bukit Raja, the old mosque of Kampung Permatang, the traditional Bugis and unique Malay houses, the Malay art of self-defence called Silat Lincah, the almost extinct traditional dance called Dabus with the accompanying musical instruments, and the handicrafts made of jute fibres. Proper planning for tourism development which should include all the stakeholders, especially the community members, had be carried out at the onset of ideas for improvement of the villages.

Keywords: Village Community, Cultural Heritage, Traditional Houses, Silat Lincah, Dabus, Jute Fibre, Bugis.

Introduction producing a common Malaysian identity, might not appreciated them. Currently, tourists seemed Malaysian is a multi-racial country with to value their experiences in meeting with people people of various ethnic background residing in of different racial background and learning about cities, town and villages. This rich mixture of the different cultural offerings in Malaysia, ethnic groups had brought about different way of especially when they go off the beaten path to life, different values, and preferences and had visits small towns and villages. Thus, this study on contributed to a wide variety of distinct cultural the cultural and heritage in the two villages of and heritage products. Interestingly, some Kampung Hujong Permatang and Kampung cultural practices and rituals had remained distinct Permatang in the sub-district of Hujong and separated among the Malays, Malaysian Permatang had a significant contribution to Chinese, and Malaysian Indians. Those cultural ensure that the multi-cultural heritage would be and heritage products needed to be preserved protected for the local younger generations. since this distinctiveness might be lesser known At the global level, cultural attractions were or even lost since the younger generations, due usually perceived as being icons of important to interracial marriages and the national efforts in streams of global culture (Richards, 2001). The

Munira Binti Saaidin1, UNITAR International University, Malaysia. Email: [email protected] Amri Bin Ahmad2, UNITAR International University, Malaysia. Email: [email protected]

International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education (INT-JECSE), 13(1) 2021, 163-171 DOI: 10.9756/INT-JECSE/V13I1.211019

An Assessment of Cultural and Heritage Tourism Products in Kampung Hujong Permatang and Kampung Permatang in Kuala Selangor, 164 culture and heritage products that had been Kampung Sungai Gulang-Gulang. For this preserved for centuries, mainly through the oral research, two villages Kampung Hujong traditions, could help to provide information on the Permatang and Kampung Permatang. were the way of life of the previous generations and would focus of the study. Kampung Hujong Permatang assist in moulding and building the strength of and Kampung Permatang were mostly populated characters of future generations. Cultural by the Malays who were descendants of either the activities such as methods of self-defence, the Javanese or Bugis. Historical records indicated performance arts and traditional games and that the Bugis people arrived in Kuala Selangor in leisure activities, and also the economic activities the 18th. century. The first sultan of Selangor was could enhanced the development of the youth in Sultan Salehuddin Shah or Raja Lumu who the villages. Richards (1996) indicated also that arrived from the Sulawesi Island in Indonesia, many activities and destinations that are not which thus began the era of bugis ruled in the educational or cultural in a narrow sense, Kuala Selangor area. The two villages were the provided opportunities for tourists to appreciate oldest villages in Kuala Selangor that were settled one another during their encounters at the as far back as the 16th. century, Thus, they held destination. the record of having one of the earliest settlement with a diversified population. The number of settlers grew especially when Kuala Selangor Study Site - Kampung Hujong Permatang and became a popular trading place and was known Kampung Permatang then as the golden trading triangle. Trading also Permatang meant a slightly elevated land became the main economic activity for Kampong compared to the surrounding land area. Thus, Permatang. The success of Kampung Permatang Kampung Hujung Permatang meant the “the far as an economic hub had led to the richness in end village situated on a slightly elevated land”, cultural activities and the heritage reflected in the and Kampung Permatang meant the “village on a uniqueness of houses and traditions. slightly elevated land”. The district of Kuala Selangor in which the two villages were located, Research Issues and Research Problems had nine sub-districts namely, Kuala Selangor, Api-Api, Bestari Jaya, Ijok, Jeram, Pasangan, The communities in both Kampung Hujong Tanjong Karang, Hujong Permatang and Hulu Permatang and Kampung Permatang were Tinggi. Both villages were located in the sub- mostly farmers, estate/plantation workers, self- district of Hujong Permatang. The district of Kuala employed or those working in clerical jobs in the Selangor covered an area of 117,844 hectares public sector or working in blue collar jobs at and the population at the latest census taken was nearby industrial plants. Thus, they were mostly at 272,980. The population of the sub-district of preoccupied with their work life, had very limited Hujung Permatang was at 13,733. time for leisure activities and had very little management or entrepreneurial skills. So they Sub-district Population in 2011 would have the capability and knowledge to Api-api 28,048 strategically plan for developing their community. Bestari Jaya 78,857 However, that did not mean that they were the Ijok 23,366 least interested on the development of their Jeram 50,304 community since they had a very strong sense of Kuala Selangor 14,148 pride in their history and their culture. Any Pasangan 13,345 development projects, be it tourism or otherwise, Tanjong Karang 50,388 should include the community’s participation and Hujong Permatang 13,733 it would be important to ensure of their full support Hulu Tinggi 755 for the development projects. The role of the authority, who had the expertise on projects Total 272,980 development, would be to convince the (Source: Web Portal of District Council of Kuala community that their villages had the cultural and Selangor) heritage products that would bring added benefits

and income for them. However, the community Hujong Permatang (which means “elevated members management and operating skills land at the far-end”) covered an area of 7,408 relevant to the product development would need hectares, is situated to the north-west coast of to be upgraded through education and training, Kuala Selangor, and was about seven kilometres They would then be able to conceptualize and from Kuala Selangor town. In the sub-district of capitalize on the potentials of the village Hujung Permatang, there were 6 villages: resources attractiveness, especially the cultural Kampung Hujong Permatang, Kampung and heritage resources, to draw in tourists to their Permatang, Kampung Sungai Yu, Kampung villages. Sungai Terap, Kampung Parit Serong and

services to support the development of the cultural and heritage tourism products. Research Objectives • Suggest enhancement and possible The overall objectives of this study were to repackaging of the cultural and heritage identify the availability and conditions of the tourism products. cultural and heritage products that could be enhanced as tourism products, which could Study Framework attract more tourists to the two villages, and ultimately could help to improve the quality of life The study began with the analysis on the of the communities (Awang et al., 2019). conditions of the resources at the two villages. They included an understanding of the Thus, specific objectives of the study would communities and their characteristics and be to: lifestyles, the conditions of the site, the physical, natural, and the environment, and the availability • Assess the conditions and availability of of the current tourism facilities and services. The the cultural and heritage tourism products. next process would be the identification of the • Acquire a better understanding on the cultural and heritage products, followed by the community; its demographic, lifestyle, suggestions on the enhancement and/or leisure patterns, and economic activities. development of new tourism products and • Determine the communities readiness and services. The last step would be to suggest the the level of acceptance and support for the development of packages or to bundle the cultural development of the tourism products. and heritage for promotional purposes. • Determine the conditions of the site, the natural and physical environment, and the availability of basic tourism facilities and

Illustration: Study Framework

Literature Review myths and habits that could be acquired by the society as it evolved over time. The main focus for this research was to Cunningham (2000) stated that the world examine the availability and conditions of the heritage was “a symbol of new global order”, and cultural and heritage products in Kampung he added that people would began to search for Hujong Permatang and Kampung Permatang; in destinations that would fulfilled their recreational Kuala Selangor. Culture, heritage and history and leisure needs. They would usually seek were interdependent elements in examining the places that would be away from cities and resources at the site. According to Jokilehto technology, and searched for harsh and old (2005) and Mohamad et al., (2019), the heritage cultures that would still be available. The act as a marking points for certain incidents that traditional cultural events in a small town or village were to be remembered and that the stories about setting should be able to draw international the incidents would be relay from generations to tourists since the tourists would be interested to generations. The culture could become gain cultural-authenticity experience (Caliskan, increasing complex as it might contained various 2010). Thus, a place or destination that were combination of knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, endowed with abundance of culture, heritage and laws, customs, and many other elements such as

International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education (INT-JECSE), 13(1) 2021, 163-171 DOI: 10.9756/INT-JECSE/V13I1.211019 An Assessment of Cultural and Heritage Tourism Products in Kampung Hujong Permatang and Kampung Permatang in Kuala Selangor, 166 history would have the ability to attract more their cultural and heritage tourism products to tourists seeking those values. domestic and international tourists. There were several or specific definitions of The study on heritage would be related to the cultural and heritage found in the literature. remains of the past, which arguably should be Throsby (2003) defined Heritage as cultural maintained for national pride and be cherished assets that were part of the cultural capital of a throughout the future generations (Ghafar community or society. Cultural and heritage Ahmad, 1998). Thus, the heritage of Kampung goods were considered capital goods since they Hujong Permatang and Kampung Permatang, served as productive inputs for the creation of with stories of historical events and legendary experiences, together with the personal time and warriors, would continually be a sense of pride for individual cognitive resources. The Cultural and the community, and the task would be to ensure Heritage Tourism Alliance (2002) indicated that that those heritage would be preserved for future there were many terms used to describe cultural generations and could be promoted as tourism tourism and among them were heritage tourism, products of the villages. cultural and heritage tourism, or cultural heritage tourism. In general, unspecific phrases could be Research Methodology used without a proper understanding on what constituted cultural and heritage tourism Research Design components. UNESCO (2001) contended that it Two basic research designs had been used encompassed, the arts, literature, lifestyles, and for this qualitative research: exploratory and way of living which included the value systems, descriptive designs. Exploratory study was traditions and beliefs. These indicated that studies selected since the information, published or on cultural and heritage would require to be defined by experience and involvement with the otherwise, were unavailable based on the initial activities that authentically represented the search on secondary materials (Rahlin et al., 2019). The descriptive approach would highlight stories of people of the past and present. Cultural the primary information derived and provided the studies also included the examination of the depth on the variables such as on the availability practices by communities which helped them to better understand themselves and others through and conditions of resources, including the cultural the appreciation of each other and their own and heritage products at the two villages examined. A 2-week on site investigation was uniqueness. conducted to observe and collection information. Canadian Heritage (2006) described culture The search for secondary information would be an and heritage as the "movements of persons for on-going process and would be used to support essentially cultural motivations such as study tours on performing arts and culture and other or validate the primary information derived. cultural-related events. Visitations to sites and monuments, travelling to study nature, studying Types of Data and Data Collection Methods the myth or appreciating the art, and pilgrimages were also considered because they satisfy the The two types of data collected were Primary human needs for diversity These would help to data and Secondary data. Primary Data were raise the cultural consciousness level of the collected by observations on the conditions of the community and the individual and would thus, resources and on the routine behaviour patterns gave rise to new knowledge, experiences and of community’s activities throughout the study encounters. There were many approaches that period (Afthanorhan et al., 2019a, 2019b). Semi- could help to enrich the tourism industry as it structured interviews were conducted with select relate to culture such as the understanding on community members, community leaders, local local economics, education and entertainment, council officers, representatives from agencies, historical buildings, historical sites, and entrepreneurs, and tourists/visitors. Secondary handicrafts, performing arts, martial arts, and information and data were collected from the visual and fine arts. McDougall (1998) classified District Office and the Land Office of Kuala cultural tourism as “trips which included Selangor, articles from published sources such as participation in any of the cultural activities or journals, newspapers, and internet sources. visits to any cultural sites”. Foo (1999) described Information from the primary and secondary data a cultural tourist as “an inbound visitor who were combined to provide a comprehensive view attended at least one of the cultural attractions on the conditions of resources and the availability during his or her stay”. Kampung Hujong and conditions of the cultural and heritage Permatang and Kampung Permatang had a products at the two villages. variety of cultural activities and events that could directly be used as promotional messages to sell

Instruments Development were from farming, and earnings from working in the plantations of other villagers, or working in the Five types of instrument were adopted to public or private sector. A small minority of the examine the conditions of the resources: They population were foreigners from Indonesia, were: Bangladesh, and Myanmar that worked in the

area industrial estates. The major mode of • Community – study on background of the transportation were motorbikes, followed by cars community, their lifestyle, types of and bicycles. housing, main sources of income, and Women of the community participated in daily activities. organizations that conducted activities such as • Site – examination on the accessibility and the Islamic carolling called “Marhabban” which visibility of the areas under study, the were performed in any Islamic events and transportation and conditions of the roads especially during Malay wedding ceremony. The and road signage. Marhabban had been an integral part of the Malay • Physical and natural resource – culture and Muslim society. The “marhaban” assessment on the conditions of the land, group (which usually comprised of female landscape, rivers, mountains, irrigation community members) would make house-to- channels, etc. and the utilization of the house visits and recited prayers and praises for land. Prophet Muhammad. This activity played a strong • Environment - evaluation on level of role in bringing together the villages’ Malay ecological damage, pollution levels, and community. Another communal activity was the conservation, and preservation needs. “gotong royong” activity where the community • Tourism Facilities and Services – members, especially the youth would worked determination on the current availability together to clear rubbish and litters and keep the and conditions of facilities and services village clean on a schedule basis. such as accommodation and foodservice The villages of Kampung Hujong Permatang outlets, and supporting services such as and Kampung Permatang were surrounded with retail stores, laundry services, and tour either palm oil, banana, or coconut plantations. services. These plantations extended over as far as the A major instrument for this study was to eyes could see. They covered about 50% of the measure the extent of availability and conditions land area. Another 40% of the land area were of the cultural and heritage products: Among the housing areas, and the balance were occupied by cultural and heritage product categories that were industrial areas and factories. In the Hujong identified and examined were: Permatang sub-district area, there were several small and medium enterprises (SME) to support • culture • performing arts the business and economic activities of the rural • history • traditional medicine areas. These SME had received strong public • handicrafts • culinary and sector support for their growth. • oral traditions traditional foods The public facilities available in both the • festive events • traditional sports and villages were a common community hall, small • rites and games grocery shops, petrol station, and education beliefs • languages services such as primary and secondary schools. • art of self- • documentary and Road signage leading to Kampung Hujong defence digital heritage Permatang and Kampung Permatang were not • buildings and available, thus there would be some difficulty for monuments outsiders who were not familiar with the area to get to both villages. There was no public Findings accommodation facility available in both villages. The nearest accommodation facility, a homestay, Kampung Hujong Permatang and Kampung could be found in Kampung Parit Serong which Permatang Communities and History was located next to Kampung Hujong Permatang. Public transportation, such as bus and taxi There was a strong similarity in the services to Kampung Hujong Permatang and background of Kampung Hujong Permatang and Kampung Permatang could be boarded at the bus Kampung Permatang; they shared the same terminal located about 1 kilometre from the town history, culture, and heritage, and the same centre of Bandar Melawati. The public buses breakdown in ethnic groups. A vast majority of the linked Kuala Selangor to Kuala Lumpur and villagers were Malays whose ancestors were Sabak Bernam. The environmental condition was Javanese and Bugis. The villages were opened not in good stead, including the areas in the up by Raja Haji Ali who arrived from Bilah Panai vicinity of the cultural and historical sites. Ditches in Solo, Indonesia. The major sources of income

International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education (INT-JECSE), 13(1) 2021, 163-171 DOI: 10.9756/INT-JECSE/V13I1.211019 An Assessment of Cultural and Heritage Tourism Products in Kampung Hujong Permatang and Kampung Permatang in Kuala Selangor, 168 and drains were clogged with dried leaves, and old wooden mosque. In 1898 the community litters were not placed properly in the bins began working together to build the new mosque provided. The villagers were very diligent in made of concrete. Its construction was completed keeping the areas surrounding their houses clean, a year later in 1899. The mosque was built on a and they had this habit of burning the dried leaves piece of land measuring 150 square feet that was and garbage after sweeping them in a neat pile. donated or “wakaf” by Haji Ali, the Shah Bandar Historical records showed that a feud took Kuala Selangor. The mosque was designed by a place in Kampong Permatang, between Raja British engineer who incorporated western and Mahdi (a loyal servant of the Sultan of Selangor) eastern design elements. Several renovation and Tengku Kudin (a local Bugis warrior with works had been made on the mosque since its strong allied including the Chinese community). beginning because of the state of deterioration in Both Tengku Kudin and Raja Mahdi fought to some sections of the mosque. However, the claim the Klang district as it was rich in tin ore. original structure had always been maintained as However, during the feud, Raja Mahdi group the design was unique and was a valuable piece faced food shortage and was forced to return to of art work. The mosque was still in used up until Kuala Selangor. The sultan of Selangor, Raja 1987 and five “imam” had led the prayers in its Saiyid Mahsyur considered the event as a almost 88 years of history. betrayal by Tengku Mahdi and he swore vengeance on Raja Mahdi. However, it was said Traditional Bugis House that Raja Mahdi fled to an unknown place before the sultan could punish him. Another version of Another historical artefact found in Kampung the story indicated that a feud took place etween Hujong Permatang and Kampung Permatang was the Sultanate of Pahang and the Sultanate of a traditional Bugis House The Bugis House Selangor in 1870. This happened due to an reflected the combination of art and culture of the incident where a friend of the Sultanate Pahang Bugis people. The 100 year old house was was killed. originally built at a different location and it was The study revealed five main cultural and moved by using bullock carts to its present heritage products/sites in Kampung Hujong location. The house was built using the Cengal Permatang and Kampung Permatang. They were and Meranti woods. These type of woods were the Bukit Raja historical site, Kampung sturdy and strong which made it last over the Permatang Mosque, traditional Bugis and Malay years. The Ministry in-charge of National houses, Silat Lincah – the art of self-defence, Museums had designated the Bugis House as a traditional dance called Dabus, and handicrafts national heritage as it was one of a kind. In from the jute fibres. building the house, no nails was use in any part of the house including the walls, doors, and windows and also the house’s stilts. As indicated earlier, Bukit Raja Historical Site the Bugis migrated to the Kuala Selangor area in According to historical record, Bukit Raja the late 17th. or early 18th. century and the was the site where a war was fought between the communities in both villages indicated the strong armies of the Sultan of Selangor and the Sultan of Bugis influence in their way of life. Pahang. A fort was ordered to be built at that site The architectural design and structure of the by the Raja Muda of Selangor, Raja Musa Ibni traditional house was well maintained. There Almarhum Sultan Ahmad Samad during the reign were, however, other traditional Malay houses of Sultan Abdul Samad. Raja Musa later became that were still standing in Kampong Permatang. the fifth Sultan of Selangor (reigned between These houses had their own unique names such 1898 to year 1938). The grave sites at Bukit Raja as Rumah Limas, Rumah Serambi Jatuh, and held the graves of Sultan Haji Ibrahim, Sultan Rumah Serambi Rata. Rumah Limas meant the Malik Dim, Haji Ali Akhbar, Tok Perang Sagap “Pyramid-shaped house”, Rumah Serambi Jatuh (the royal warrior), Dato Maharaja Lela Hussain, meant the “house with fallen porch” and Rumah and Tok Engku Haji (an heir to a Sultan). At the Serambi Rata meant the “house with flat porch”. foothill of Bukit Raja was the school building of Rumah Limas had a wide space inside with Sekolah Kebangsaan (a national school) Kuala large rooms, and the roof top was builtsimilar in Selangor which was the first school in Kuala shape to the pyramid structure. Both the serambi Selangor that was built by the British in year 1891. houses were smaller in size compared to the rumah limas and they had narrow width. The roofs were double layered. The first layer roof was built Kampung Permatang Mosque like a closed box but had a wooden window which The mosque which was known as Masjid allowed the flow of air into the house for Rahmani was located about 7 kilometres from the ventilation. The upper roof section was built above Kuala Selangor town. It was built to replace the the first roof layer. Both houses type were made

International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education (INT-JECSE), 13(1) 2021, 163-171 DOI: 10.9756/INT-JECSE/V13I1.211019 An Assessment of Cultural and Heritage Tourism Products in Kampung Hujong Permatang and Kampung Permatang in Kuala Selangor, 169 of Chengal wood type, and both were constructed various mirrors, pots, light bulbs, and others to without a single nail. The woods blocks were create designs which he decorated with the jute interlocked and slotted with each other to keep the rope fibres and with calligraphy writings on them. whole structure intact. Jute ropes had become popular as decorative material and it was also environmentally friendly since it is 100% biodegradable. Jute is a type of Silat Lincah – the Art of Self-Defence plant fibre that had been popularly used to make One of the well-known Malay martial arts common items such as ropes, chair coverings, was “Silat Lincah” which was associated strongly curtains, sacks, carpets, and even as backings for with both the villages of Kampung Hujong linoleum. The jute fibre is spun to form a coarse Permatang and Kampung Permatang. Another thread, and even though its texture is rough when popular martial art was called the “Silat Tarah”. it is spun further it could form thin fine threads that Both of the silat types gained recognition, was could be used as imitation for silk. The jute fibre organized formally and named the Pertubuhan had increasingly been used as an alternative in Seni Silat Lincah Malaysia (PSSLM). The the production of papers, thus helping to reduce organization had been led by the Mahaguru the necessity to cut down timbers for used in named Dato' Haji Omardin B. Mauju who initiated making papers. the formation in 1969 and had contributed enormously towards making and ensuring the Recommendation organization remained active. It had currently an enrolment of about 830,000 national members. In Kampung Hujong Permatang and Kampung the year 1998, PSSLM gained further recognition Permatang had valuable cultural and heritage by being certified by the 'Malaysia Book of products that could be developed and enhanced Record' for its ability to gain that number as as cultural and heritage tourism products. Among members of the organization. Silat Lincah had the cultural and heritage tourism products that now gained prominence in foreign countries such could be developed were: as Britain, Belgium, New Zealand, Holland and France. Silat Lincah had been widely practiced as • Educational Tourism Activities – visiting an art of self-defence in Malaysia and especially Bukit Raja Historical site. Learning and in Kampung Hujong Permatang. The Silat Lincah appreciating the history pertaining to the had been part of the Bugis culture, and the feud between the sultanate of Selangor villagers, besides practising it on a regular basis, and Pahang, and the historical figures would conduct demonstrated for entertainment important to the areas. and shows for visitors and tourists. • Visit the two villages, Kampung Hujong Permatang and Kampung Permatang, and Traditional Dance - Dabus drives around the villages to appreciate the scenery and landscape, including the Children in Kampong Permatang enjoyed natural resources in these areas. performing a dance called Dabus. This ritual • Participate in the farming and plantation dance would be accompanied with low chanting activities – learning about how palm oil is and the beating of the Malay musical instruments process, the coconut products, and the such as the Rebana, Kompang, and Gong. The banana plantations, including the different dance was brought in from the Mediterranean varieties, and the grading of the fruits. area by muslim traders from the time of the • Participate in events such as “gotong Muslim leader named Khalifah Zainal Abidin who royong”, wedding ceremony, the was the son of Saidina Hassan. The dance marhabban group and others, if available. portrayed one’s power to control his mind and • Visit the old mosque in Kampung body so as to avoid any harm and it represented Permatang and observe the unique design a means of testing a person’s immortality. But, the of the mosque and the history of its dance was forbidden to be performed by the beginning including the stories of the five authority since it contradicted the teachings of imams. Islam, the religion of the Malay Bugis population. • Learn the history and development of the Thus, the dance is heading almost towards two villages and observes the daily extinction. activities of the elderly, youth and the Handicraft –Jute Rope Handicrafts housewives of the communities. • Cultural and Heritage Tourism In Kampung Permatang, there was an expert Activities – visit the traditional Bugis in rope jute handicrafts. He was an entrepreneur house and learn about the design and how and had a shop that specialized in making and it was build. Observes the different selling handicrafts from the jute fibres. He used sections of the house

• Learn about the Bugis culture and way of be offered should suitable and blended with the life, including their food. area landscape and the characteristics of the • Visit the traditional Malay Houses and sites. Planning for the development of the villages learn how it was design and constructed would have to include the community members, including the unique roof design. their leaders, the local authorities, and other • Watch the demonstration and participated stakeholders. The community should stand to in the Silat Lincah art of self-defence. gain the most from the income that could be • Learn about the traditional dance, the generated from the development of tourism modified Dabus. Learn to play the musical products. instruments, such as the rebana, gendang, and gong. References • Learn and participate in the process of turning the jute fibre into jute ropes and Afthanorhan, A., Foziah, H., Rusli, R., & Khalid, S. threads, and learn to make some (2019a). Modeling reflective constructs in handicrafts from jute rope. Observe how generalized structure component analysis: the calligraphic writing is done. An application to service quality and customer satisfaction in UniSZA library. From the findings, the number and variety of International Journal of Innovation, Creativity cultural and heritage tourism products were and Change, 7(10), 33-41. sufficient to promote the two villages as cultural Afthanorhan, A., Foziah, H., Rusli, R., & Khalid, S. and heritage tourism attractions. However, the (2019b). The effect of service quality on conditions of the tangible products such as the customer satisfaction in three campuses of grave sites, tombstones, and monuments, and the UniSZA. International Journal of Innovation, traditional houses needed to be improved and Creativity and Change, 7(10), 42-56. well-maintained. Tourism facilities and services Ahmad, Ghafar. (2008), Urban Tourism in such as accommodations and foodservice Malaysia, Heritage sites of Georgetown, needed to be offered at the quality expected by Malacca and Kota Bahru. the tourists. Accessibility, signage and visibility of http://www.hbp.usm.my/conservation/Semin the villages needed improvement. On the arPaper/malacca%20seminar.html intangible products such as the martial arts, the Awang, Z., Rahlin, A., & Afthanorhan, A. (2019). history, and the story telling skills would need to Conceptual framework for the best practices be appropriate and presented in the proper of behavior-based safety performance format. The communities together with the local evaluation in small and medium enterprises authorities would have to plan and get involved in (SMEs). Journal of Applied Engineering any tourism development activities for their Science, 17(4), 504-513. villages. Calıskan, V. (2010). Examining Cultural Tourism Attractions for Foreign Visitors: The Case of Camel Wrestling in Selçuk (Ephesus), 14(1), Conclusions 22-40. This research paper discussed the cultural Canadian, H. (2006). Cultural-Heritage Tourism: and heritage products in Kampung Hujong Review of Existing Market. Permatang and Kampung Permatang. The two Cunningham, H. (2000). The ethnography of villages had unique products such as the transnational social activism: understanding historical sites at Bukit Raja, the old mosque of the global as local practice. American Kampung Permatang, the Traditional Bugis and Ethnologist, 26(3), 583-604. Malay houses, the art of self-defence called Silat Foo, L.M. (1999). A profile of international visitors Lincah, the almost extinct traditional Dance called to Australian wineries. Tourism Research Dabus and the accompanying musical Report, 1(1), 41-44. instruments, and the handicraft made of jute fibre. http://kualaselangor.selangor.gov.my There were sufficient number of activities that http://portalbugis.wordpress.com/about- could be built surrounding those products, m/manusia-bugis-rantau- including visitations, participations, observation budayanya/sejarah-bugis-di-malaysia and learning about their processes and/or http://whc.unesco.org/en/guideline historical development. These tourism products http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1236 would have the ability to “pull’ in tourists, but the 95/cockle physical conditions at the village and the sites http://www.mdks.gov.my would need to be improved and upgraded. In http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/ additions, tourism facilities and services such as Asia-and-the-Pacific/Malaysia- accommodation facilities and foodservices had to AGRICULTURE.html be offered. The facilities and services that were to

International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education (INT-JECSE), 13(1) 2021, 163-171 DOI: 10.9756/INT-JECSE/V13I1.211019