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Rumah Joglo Sebagai Identitas Visual Konsep Bangunan Kuliner Kontemporer

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Rumah Joglo Sebagai Identitas Visual Konsep Bangunan Kuliner Kontemporer Jurnal Desain Komunikasi Visual dan Media Baru Vol. 1 No.2. Februari 2019 Rumah Joglo Sebagai Identitas Visual Konsep Bangunan Kuliner Kontemporer Christian Moniaga; Alvina Gunawan Arsitekturl, Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain, Unika Soegijapranata Semarang Jl. Pawiyatan Luhur IV/1, Bendan Dhuwur, Kota Semarang, Jawa Tengah 50235 [email protected] Abstrak Rumah Joglo merupakan salah satu warisan budaya Indonesia yang terdapat di Jawa Tengah. Rumah Joglo mempunyai kerangka bangunan utama yang terdiri dari soko guru berupa empat tiang utama penyangga serta tumpang sari yang berupa susunan balok yang disangga soko guru. Rumah Joglo yang pada awalnya hanya dimiliki oleh kalangan terpandang saja, seiring perkembangan jaman Joglo dapat dimiliki oleh siapapun yang ingin membangun Rumah Joglo. Tak heran banyak Joglo yang dibangun dengan fungsi yang berbeda sehingga berdampak pada susunan ruang Joglo. Dengan dasar pengetahuan tersebut, penelitian ini berupaya mengungkapkan sejauh mana citra visual Rumah Joglo mampu mempengaruhi konsep identitas sebuah bangunan. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian berupa studi literatur serta dilakukannya sebuah observasi. Hasil identifikasi karakteristik Rumah Joglo menunjukkan bahwa Rumah Joglo merupakan perwujudan nilai kebudayaan lokal yang melahirkan seni arsitektur khas Jawa Tengah yang menarik. Kata kunci: Rumah Joglo, Identitas Visual, Konsep Bangunan Abstract Joglo House is one of the Indonesian cultural heritages found in Central Java. The Joglo house has a main building framework consisting of Soko Guru in the form of four main pillars supporting and intercropping in the form of blocks arranged by Soko Guru. Joglo house which was originally only owned by prominent people, along with the development of the Joglo era can be owned by anyone who wants to build a Joglo House. No wonder many Joglo are built with different functions that have an impact on the Joglo space arrangement. With this knowledge base, this research seeks to reveal the extent to which the visual image of Rumah Joglo is able to influence the concept of identity of a building. To achieve this goal, this study uses research methods in the form of literature studies and an observation. The results of the identification of Joglo House characteristics indicate that Joglo House is an embodiment of the value of local culture which gave birth to interesting Central Javanese architectural art. Keywords: Joglo House, Visual Identity, Building Concept 13 Jurnal Desain Komunikasi Visual dan Media Baru Vol. 1 No.2. Februari 2019 PENDAHULUAN fungsi, maka karakter serta makna Rumah Joglo merupakan salah lokalitas budaya dari Rumah Joglo ini satu bangunan dengan langgam arsitektur sendiri dapat mengalami pergeseran, tradisional di Jawa Tengah. Rumah Joglo meskipun bentuk atap masih sama memiliki kerangka berupa elemen dengan Rumah Joglo asli. Dari segi bangunan yang terdiri atas zona utama penataan, organisasi ruang, sirkulasi serta yakni soko guru yang merupakan empat permaknaan setiap ruang dapat berganti tiang utama yang biasanya disebut seiring bergantinya fungsi dari Rumah sebagai kolom struktur dengan fungsi Joglo ini sendiri. Rumah Joglo yang utama menyangga struktur bangunan semula memiliki fungsi rumah kaum serta tumpang sari yang merupakan terpandang, dengan penataan ruang yang susunan beberapa balok horisontal yang diatur sesuai dengan kedudukan serta kemudian disangga oleh soko guru. budaya lokalitas, ketika beralih fungsi Susunan ruangan pada Joglo dibagi maka tatanan ruangnya akan berbeda menjadi tiga bagian utama yakni ruang atau sebaliknya akan tetap dipertahankan pertemuan yaitu pendapa, ruang tengah dengan nilai budaya yang kental. Sebagai yang disebuy dengan pringgitan, serta studi kasus, di Kota Semarang terdapat ruang belakang yaitu dalem dimana Rumah Joglo yang beralih fungsi menjadi berfungsi sebagai ruang keluarga yang restoran yakni Delman Resto. Bentuk tidak boleh khalayak umum masuk ke bangunan Delman Resto yang merupakan daerah ini. Bentuk denah Rumah Joglo Rumah Joglo, dari segi atap terlihat terdapat dua tipologi, bentuk persegi menyerupai Joglo, namun dari segi panjang dan bujur sangkar, hal ini tatanan ruang Delman Resto akan dapat disesuaikan dengan estetika hidup dihayati seperti Joglo asli ataupun sudah masyarakat Jawa dimana memiliki prinsip berganti dan mengalami perubahan. yang tegas dan bertanggung jawab dalam Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menjalani kehidupannya. untuk mengkaji pergeseran bentuk dan Seiring dengan perkembangan nilai dari Rumah Joglo sebagai aspek desain Rumah Joglo, bentuk denah visual yang memperkuat identitas berupa persegi panjang maupun bujur bangunan dengan studi kasus bangunan sangkar ini telah mengalami perubahan Delman Resto Semarang. ditandai dengan adanya penambahan Berdasarkan latar belakang ruang luar pada sisi bangunan. Perubahan masalah maka dapat dirumuskan tersebut merupakan kesatuan bentuk dari permasalahan bagaimanakah denah awal, namun tetap pembaharuan Rumah Joglo pada Delman mempertahankan bentuk denah utama Resto di Semarang dan bagaimanakah persegi maupun bujur sangkar. Rumah pengaruh visual bentuk Rumah Joglo Joglo pada awalnya hanya dimiliki oleh untuk mendukung visual nilai dan identitas kalangan terpandang saja, namun saat ini sebuah bangunan. Sedangkan tujuan Rumah Joglo dapat dimiliki oleh siapapun daripada penelitian ini adalah untuk yang ingin membangun Rumah Joglo. melihat sejauh mana aspek bentuk visual daripada Rumah Joglo dapat Dewasa ini Rumah Joglo yang mempengaruhi konsep bangunan kuliner awalnya difungsikan sebagai rumah, kontemporer. beralih fungsi menjadi kafe, hotel, restoran, serta resort. Kota Semarang, METODE sebagai kota metropolitan banyak didapati Jenis Penelitian Rumah Joglo yang beralih fungsi sebagai Jenis penelitian yang digunakan kafe maupun restoran. Hal ini adalah kualitatif (qualitative research). dimaksudkan untuk lebih menguatkan Penelitian kualitatif dilaksanakan untuk aspek visual tentang cita rasa kuliner menjelaskan, menguji hubungan antar tradisional yang menjadi jenis pilihan fenomena dan menentukan kausalitas dari menu yang disajikan. Dengan beralihnya variabel-variabel (Sudarwan Danim, 14 Jurnal Desain Komunikasi Visual dan Media Baru Vol. 1 No.2. Februari 2019 2002:36). Langkah yang dilakukan antara dibandingkan dengan studi kasus yang lain: ada di lapangan. 1. Studi literatur terhadap berbagai Literatur buku, tesis, disertasi, jurnal, makalah, Mencari sumber informasi dan teori artikel koran, majalah dan media penting mengenai penelitian yang di lainnya untuk mendapatkan data bahas dari sumber pustaka, kutipan, tentang Rumah Joglo. maupun makalah secara hardware. 2. Wawancara kepada narasumber Web Surfing untuk mendapatkan data tentang Mengutip dan merumuskan teori dan sejarah keberadaan Rumah Joglo. kasus yang didapatkan pada jurnal, 3. Observasi lapangan. ensiklopedia, maupun website melalui software internet. Metode Pengambilan Data Pada pembahasan deskriptif ini, Metoda Analisa Data metode pengambilan data pembahasan ini Sesuai dengan tujuan pembahasan, dibedakan menjadi dua yakni sebagai maka metode analisa data yang berikut: digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif induktif deduktif dengan Data Primer langkah-langkah sebagai berikut: Merupakan data yang menjadi pokok Studi literatur kebutuhan informasi mengenai aspek Mempelajari teori pada buku-buku kasus objek yang akan dibahas. dan panduan jurnal penelitian yang Metoda Observasi terkait. Observasi dilakukan dengan Menyimpulkan kerangka teori mengumpulkan data melalui survei ke Membuat ringkasan teori berdasarkan lokasi untuk mengamati kondisi fisik berbagai referensi yang telah pada bangunan yang akan diletiti. dikumpulkan Data yang diperoleh adalah data Observasi langsung primer berupa dokumentasi foto serta Melihat dan mendata kondisi nyata catatan catatan dari keadaan nyata pada objek bangunan yang akan bangunan yang akan diteliti. dibahas dalam penelitian Metoda Wawancara Reduksi data Melakukan wawancara dengan pihak Merangkum dan menyaring data yang manajemen bangunan mengenai hal- diperoleh sehingga semakin hal apa saja yang terkait dengan mengerucut ke arah topik penelitian Joglo pada objek bangunan yang Display data diteliti. Proses wawancara dengan Menyusun data yang telah direduksi responden dilakukan dengan tatap sesuai dengan kerangka teori yang muka dan melalui telepon melalui telah di bahas, sehingga mudah pertanyaan yang telah dipersiapkan dibaca dan komunikatif sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Data yang Mengambil kesimpulan dan verifikasi di peroleh adalah data primer berupa Pengambilan kesimpulan catatan mengenai data yang yang berdasarkan interpretasi dan diperlukan untuk penelitian. kecocokan data dengan kerangka teori Data Sekunder Merupakan data yang diperoleh dari KAJIAN TEORI narasumber maupun sumber-sumber secara teoritikal seperti pada literatur buku Profil Bangunan maupun internet. Tujuan pengumpulan Dalam pembahasan kajian data ini adalah membahas objek studi bentuk atap Joglo, digunakan pendekatan secara literatur yang nantinya akan pada bangunan modern, yakni Delman Resto Semarang. 15 Jurnal Desain Komunikasi Visual dan Media Baru Vol. 1 No.2. Februari 2019 Gambar 1. Tampak Depan Delman Resto Sumber: dokumen pribadi.2018 Gambar 2. Gapura Delman Resto Delman Resto yang berada di Sumber: dokumentasi pribadi. 2018 Jalan Simongan Raya Nomor 22 A, Semarang Barat, Kota Semarang dibangun pada tahun 2009 dan resmi dibuka pada tahun 2010. Delman Resto menyajikan konsep
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