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FY 1921 Annual Report

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FY 1921 Annual Report Fifth Annual Report of the United States Tariff Commission 1921 WASHINGTON GOVl!RNMl!NT PRINTING OFFICE 1'22 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION. Olllce: Elshth and E Streets NW., Wuhlnston, D. C. COMMISSIONERS. 'l'HOMAS w ALKEB p AGE, Chairman. THOMAS 0. MARVIN, Vice Chairman. DAVID J. LEWIS. WILLIAM: S. CULBERTSON. EDWARD P. COSTIGAN. WJJ,UAM BURGESS. JoHN F. BETHUNE, SecrelM1/. 2 CONTENTS. Pap. Letter of transmlttaL_________________________________________ 5 I. Cooperation. with the Seuate nud House________________________ 7 S)Jecial services with the Committee on Wuys und Means of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Finance of the Senate____________________________________________ 7 ,\merican valuation ____ ------------------------------------ 7 II. Tari1f Information surveys-------------------------------~------ · 9 Introduction ---------------------------------------------- 9 Schedule A : Chemicals, oils, and paints- Reclasslficatlon of the chemical schedule________________ 10 Summary of prlnclpal surveys- The wood-chemical industry________________________ 11 Caffeine compounds-------------------------------- 12 Tanning materials and natural dyes_________________ 12 Census of dyes and coal-tar chemicals, 1920_________ 13 Llthopone: Costs of production, 1921---------------- 14 Schedule B: Earths, earthenware, and glassware- Pottery ----------------------------------------------- 15 Glass ------------------------------------------------ 16 Scientific instruments (optical glass>------------------- 16 Schedule C: Metals and manufactures of- Classification of articles in the metal schedule__________ 17 Summary of surveys- Ores or concentrates------------------------------- 18 Metallic iron and steeL---------------------------- 19 Nonferrous metals--------------------------------- 20 Manufactures of metals---------------------------- 22 Schedule D: Wood and manufactures of_____________________ 23 Schedule E: 'Sugar, molasses, and manufactures of__________ 24 Schedule F: Tobacco and manufactures of__________________ 24 Schedule G: Agricultural )Jroducts- Suggested revision und reclassification of tariff para- graphs relating to agricultural products and provisions_ 25 Summary of principal surveys- Agrlcultqral staples and the t~riff__________________ 26 The wheat and flour trade__________________________ 26 Hi>ef and c11tt1e____________________________________ Z1 Hides and skins___________________________________ 27 Eggs and egg products____________________________ 27 Almonds, walnuts, pecans, and other nuts____________ 27 Macaroni and other alimentary pastes-------.------- 28 Sardines, tuna, and anchovies______________________ 28 .~pples -------------------------------------------- 28 Schf'tlule I: Cotton mnnufaetures- Countuhle cotton doths________________________________ 28 Cloths provided for eo nomine__________________________ 30 Study of 100 lmportetl cotton cloths_____________________ 30 Raw cotton ------------------------------------------- 30 Cotton knit goods______________________________________ 30 Cotton wearing appureL_______________________________ 32 SehPflule .r : Flax, hemp, jute, and manufactures of- .Jute and its manufactures______________________________ 33 Floor cover~ngs other than wood________________________ 33 ,.Artkles of flax, hemp, or ramie________________________ 34 V<'iretable fibers other than cotton________________________ 34 3 4 CONTJiNTS. II. Tariff information surveys-Continued. Page. Schedule K: Wool and its manufactures- . The wool-growing industry _________________.____________ 34 Carpets and rugs of wooL-----------------------r------ 3r. \Vool knit goods_______________________________________ 37 Schedule L: Silk and silk goods- · Spun silk and thrown silk______________________________ 3.'l The broad silk industry and the tariff__________________ as Hihbons and small wru·es of silk________________________ 39 Silk wearing appareL ____ ,_ ----------------------------- 39 Silk knit goods________________________________________ 40 Schedule 1\1: Paper and books______________________________ 41 Schedule N : Sundries- Asbestos ---------------------------------------------- 42 Fur felt hats------------------------------------------ 42 Furs and fur goods------------------------------T----- 43 Haircloth--------------------------------------------- · 43 Musical instruments----------------------------------- 43 Cork__________________________________________________ 43 Leather and its manufactures-------------------------- 44 III. Summary of investigations during the year: The foreign exchange situation______________________________ 47 The unemployment situation ________________________ ------- 48 Japanese cotton industry und trade_________________________ 49 Survey of the foreign trade of Japan________________________ 52 International tariff relations and commercial treaties- Colonial tariff policies--------------------------------- ria Canadian reciprocity___________________________________ 54 Handbook of commercial treaties----------------------_ 5ii Preferential transportation rates- Existing import rate differentials_______________________ 58 Export rates------------------------------------------ 60 Conclusion--------------------------------------------- 61 Dictionary of tarHI Information____________________________ 62 IV. List of principal subjects investigated und reported upon_________ 6.'l Y. Investigations In foreign countries: Europe---------------------------------------------------- 94 Argen tinu ______________ -- __ ·- - ___ ----___________________ --_ 94 Canada--------------------------------------------------- 95 YI. J..'01·mer recommendations renewed: Dumping and unfair competition___________________________ 96 Customs administrative laws_______________________________ 96 Foreign-trade zones---------------------------------------- 97 Reciprocity and commercial treaties__ ·______________________ 98 VII. Conference on Liniitatton of Armament_________________________ 100 VIII. Changes In personneL---------------------~------------------- 100 IX. Finances and appropriations-------------.----------------------_ 100 X. The commission librur~·---------------------------------------- 101 XL Clal'<siflcation of personneL____________________________________ _ 101 LETl'ER OF TRANSMITI'AL. UNITED SrATES TARIFF CoMMISSION, W<UJlllington, December 5, 19~1. MY DEAR MR. SPEAKER: In compliance with the provisions of sec­ tion 703 of the act of Congress approved September 8, 1916, "to increase the revenue, and for other purposes," I transmit herewith a CO.PY. of the Fifth Annual Report of the United States Tariff Com­ m1ss1on. Very truly yours, THOMAS w ALKER PAGE, Chairman. Hon. FREDERICK H. GILLETT, Speaker of the HOWJe of Representatives, W<UJhington, D. 0. 5 FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION. WASHINGTON, D. C., December 5, 19131. To the Congress: The United States Tariff Commission begs to submit herewith its fifth annual report for the fiscal year 1920-21. I. COOPERATION WITH THE SENATE AND THE HOUSE. SPECIAL SERVICES WITH Co~nnTn:E ON WAYS AND MEANS OF THE HousE 6F REl'nmrnXTATIVES AND THE Col\11\UTTEE ON FINANCE OF THE SENATE. The passage of the emergency tariff act and the deliberations of Congress in the preparation of a general revision of the tariff made it necessary for the Tariff Commission to use the energies of its staff in large measure in the rreparation and compilation of special reports requested for immediate and temporary use by the Com­ mittee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives and the Finance Committee of the Senate. In addition to this work mem­ bers of the commission and the experts of its staff were invited by the committees to present and explain in person much of the information that had been assembled but which was not in form suffi­ ciently finished to be published. The usefulness to Congress of the Tariff Commission's activities of such nature is mentioned as :fol­ lows in the report of the Committee on Ways and Means submitted to the House bv the chairman of the committee when the bill H. R. 7456 was reported: During the consider.ation of rates as well as during the hearings and previous thereto the Tariff Commission has supplied the committee in the form of tariff surveys concise and comprehensive Information on various subjects. In addi­ tion to this the staff of the Tariff Commission was placed at the disposal of the committee and has heen called upon to work with the committee in the drafting of the various tariff schedules. Through these efforts the bill herein recommended propose>< many desirable changes in 11rr11ngement and clussi­ ficntion. AMERICAN VALUATION. On March 26, 1921, the commission submitted to the Committee on Ways and Means a report entitled "Information concerning Ameri­ can valuation as the basis for assessing duties ad valorem." That report included a review of legislation and attempted legislation upon dutiable values in the United States from 1789 to 1921, a sum­ mary of laws of various foreign countries relative to dutiable values~ and a statement of the proportion of import trade affected by ad 7 8 REPORT OF UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION. Yalorem, specific, and compound rates, the averages of each, and the respectiYe revenues derived. From tables contained in the report it appears that in 1!)20 the imports subject to ad valorem and compound rates comprised 32 per cent of the dutiable import trade or 12.04 of the total free and duti­ able imports, and that 56 per cent of the customs revenues
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