DOCSLIB.ORG

Polyamine Distribution in Actinomycetes with Group B

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

INTERNATIONAL JOURNALOF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY,Apr. 1997, p. 270-277 Vol. 47, No. 2 0020-7713/97/$04.00+0 Copyright 0 1997, International Union of Microbiological Societies Polyamine Distribution in Actinomycetes with Group B Peptidoglycan and Species of the Genera Brevibacterium, Corynebacterium, and Tsukamurella PETRA ALTENBURGER,' PETER €L&MPFER,2 VLADIMIR N. AKIMOV,3 WERNER LUBITZ,' . AND HANS-JURGEN BUSSE'" Institut fur Mikrobiologie uled Genetik, Universitat Wien, A-1030 Vienna, Austria I; Institut fir Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universitat Giessen, 0-35390 Giessen, Germany2;and All-Russian Collection of Microorganisms, Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142292, Russia3 Polyamine patterns of 75 strains of actinobacteria belonging to the genera Agrococcus, Agromyces, Aureobac- terium, Brevibacterium, Cluvibacter, Corynebacterium, Curtobacterium, Microbacterium, Rathayibacter, and Tsuka- murellu were analyzed in order to investigate the suitability of this approach for differentiation within this group. The results revealed that the overall polyamine contents differ significantly among genera and that various patterns are present in actinobacteria. One characteristic pattern found in the genera Clavibacter, Rathayibacter, and Curtobacterium included a high polyamine concentration, and the polyamines were mainly spermidine and spermine. This feature distinguished the 2,4-diaminobutyric acid-containing genera Rathayibacter, Clavibacter, and Agromyces, which contained low concentrations of polyamines. Strains of the genus Brevibacterium were characterized by the presence of high concentrations of cadavarine and usually high concentrations of putrescine. Members of the genus Corynebacterium had relatively low polyamine contents, and usually spermidine was the major polyamine. A similar polyamine pattern was detected in the species of the genus Tsukamurella. No homogeneous polyamine patterns were detected in representatives of the genera Microbacterium and Aureobacterium, which are phylogenetically intermixed (M. Takeuchi and A. Yokota, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 124:ll-16, 1994). The results of polyamine analyses are in good agreement with the genetic heterogeneity within the actinobacteria and demonstrate that polyamine patterns are suitable for use in classification of actinobacterial taxa. In recent years analysis of polyamine patterns has become This study was initiated to evaluate the suitability of poly- well-established in the systematics of gram-negative bacteria, amine patterns for differentiating actinobacterial taxa. The re- and its suitability for classification has been demonstrated for sults of our analysis of the polyamine patterns obtained for the class Proteobacteria (2-4, 6-8, 20, 22, 25, 26, 28, 30, 49, 50) different actinobacterial genera are presented below; this anal- and the Flavobacteriurn-Cytophaga-Sphingobacteriumbranch ysis included the genera Agrococcus, Agrornyces, Aureobacte- (23, 24). Attempts to introduce polyamine patterns as chemo- riurn, Brevibacteriurn, Clavibacter, Curtobacterium, Corynebac- taxonomic markers for gram-positive bacteria, such as bacilli terium, Microbacterium, Rathayibacter, and Tsukarnurella. and lactic acid bacteria (18), thermophilic bacilli (19), actino- mycetes (21), and aerobic (18) and anaerobic cocci (27), did MATERIALS AND METHODS not demonstrate the suitability of this approach for the classi- fication of these groups. However, studies on the polyamine Strains used and culture conditions. The designations of the strains analyzed are listed in Tables 1 through 3 The cells were cultivated at 28°C on PYE contents of the heterogeneous group that includes the acti- medium (0.3% peptone from casein, 0.3% yeast extract) and were harvested at nobacteria have not been performed previously. a density corresponding to approximately 70% of the maximum optical density In the past, actinobacteria, which are also designated the determined for each strain. Since Microbacterium luevaniformuns DSM 201407' coryneform bacteria, have often been misclassified, which has (T = type strain), Tsukamurellu inchoensis DSM 44067T, and Tsukamurella wrutisluviensis DSM 44107T did not grow in homogeneous suspensions, the point led to reclassifications or descriptions of new taxa. In the of harvest was estimated. To grow Cluvibacter michigunensis subsp. michigunensis search for a reliable classification and identification system, the ICMP 1808 in mineral medium, 0.3 g of (NH4),S04, 1.04 g of K,HPO,. 0.75 g of actinobacteria have been the subject of numerous investiga- KH,PO,, 0.025 g of CaCI,, and 0.2 g of MgSO, were dissolved in 1 liter of tions, including numerical taxonomic studies (31,42) and anal- glass-distilled water, and the medium was supplemented with 3 ml of a trace metal mixture (36) and 10 mM NH, succinate. The mineral medium used to grow yses of cell wall sugars (47), peptidoglycan types and diamino Corynebacterium glutumicum contained 8 g of K2HP0, per liter, 3.2 g of acids (41), fatty acids (5,11,29,35), mycolic acids (1,34), polar NaH,P04 per liter, 0.2 g of Na, citrate 2H,O per lilter, 2 mg of FeSO, per liter, lipids (12, 35), quinones (lo), and 16s rRNA sequences (9,32, 1.1 g of (NH,),SO, per liter, 0.1 g of MgSO, * 7H,O per liter, and 10 mM 33, 37-40, 43, 48). The combination of these different ap- glucose. Polyamine analysis. Polyamines were extracted as described previously (6). proaches has led to an improved taxonomy of actinobacteria, Approximately 40 mg of lyophilized cells was hydrolyzed in 1 ml of 0.2 N although there are many actinobacterial genera which exhibit perchloric acid for 30 min at 100°C with occasional shaking. Each mixture similar chemotaxonomic features. contained the internal standard 1,8-diaminooctane (0.5 p.moV4O mg of cells). After extraction the samples were centrifuged, and 0.2 ml of the supernatant was transferred to a tube containing 0.3 ml of a Na,CO, solution (100 mg/ml). Then 0.8 ml of a dansyl chloride solution (7.5 pg/ml in acetone) was added. The tube was tightly closed, and dansylation was performed for 20 min at 60°C. Subse- * Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institut fur Mikrobiologie quently, 0.1 ml of a proline solution (SO mg/ml) was added to bind excessive und Genetik, Universitat Wien, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, dansyl chloride during incubation for 10 min at 60°C. After cooling to 5"C, the Austria. Phone: 43-1-79515-4121. Fax: 43-1-79515-4114. E-mail: elliot polyamines were extracted with 0.1 ml of toluene with shaking. The upper phase @gem.univie.ac. a t . was used for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The 270 VOL. 47, 1997 POLYAMINE DISTRIBUTION IN ACTINOBACTERIA 271 TABLE 1. Polyamine patterns of peptidoglycan type B and 2,4-diaminobutyric acid-containing actinobacteriaa ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~ ~ Polyamine content (Fmol/g [dry ~t])~ Organism DAP PUT CAD NSPD SPD HSPD SPM TYR Total Agrococcus jenensis DSM 9580T 0.03 (3.19) 0.04 (4.25) Tr 0.87 (92.6) Tr 0.94 Agromyces cerinus subsp. ceri- 0.10 (38.5) 0.11 (42.3) 0.02 (7.7) 0.02 (7.7) 0.01 (3.8) 0.26 nus VKM Ac-1340T (= DSM 8595T) Agromyces cerinus subsp. nitra- 0.14 (63.6) 0.01 (4.5) 0.03 (13.6) 0.04 (18.2) 0.22 tus VKM Ac-1351T (= DSM 8596T) Agromyces fucosus subsp. fuco- 0.05 (23.8) 0.12 (57.1) 0.01 (4.8) 0.02 (9.5) 0.01 (4.8) 0.21 sus VKM A~-1345~(= DSM 8597T) Agromyces fucosus subsp. hippu- Tr 0.14 (58.3) Tr 0.07 (29.2) Tr 0.03 (12.5) 0.24 ratus VKM A~-1352~(= DSM 8598T) Agromyces mediolanus DSM 0.07 (25.0) 0.21 (75.0) Tr Tr Tr Tr 0.28 20152T (= ATCC 14004T = NCIB 7206T) (formerly “Coiynebacterium mediola- num”) Agromyces sp. strain DL-89 0.33 (51.6) 0.02 (3.1) 0.07 (10.9) 0.12 (18.6) 0.08 (12.5) 0.62 Aureobacterium barkeri DSM 0.15 (4.8) 2.92 (95.2) 3.07 20145T (= ATCC 15954T = NCIB 9658T) Aureobacterium liquefaciens 0.19 (33.3) 0.02 (3.5) 0.30 (52.6) 0.06 (10.5) 0.57 DSM 20638T (= NCIB 11509T) Aureobacterium testaceum DSM 0.01 (20.0) 0.01 (29.0) 0.02 (40.0) 0.01 (20.0) 0.05 20166T (= ATCC 15829T) “Brevibacterium helvolum” WS 1.29 (23.4) 4.08 (73.8) 0.02 (0.4) 0.13 (2.4) 5.52 1753 (= ATCC 13715 = DSM 20419) Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. 0.04 (1.6) 0.05 (2.1) 0.50 (20.6) 0.87 (35.8) 0.94 (38.7) 0.03 (1.2) 2.43 michiganensis ICMP 2550T (= NCPPB 2979T) Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. 0.09 (4.5) 0.05 (2.5) 0.57 (28.4) 0.60 (29.8) Tr 0.70 (34.8) 2.01 michiganensis ICMP 2539 (= NCPPB 2034) Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. 0.21 (5.3) 0.19 (4.8) 1.65 (41.8) Tr 1.90 (48.1) 3.95 michiganensis ICMP 1808 Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. 0.04 (0.3) 14.60 (99.6) 0.02 (0.1) 14.66 michiganensis ICMP 1808‘ Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. 0.17 (4.7) 0.37 (10.2) 1.55 (42.8) 1.36 (37.6) 0.17 (4.7) 3.62 michiganensis ICMP 5026 Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. 0.11 (10.0) 0.19 (17.3) 0.55 (50.0) 0.25 (22.7) 1.10 michiganensis ATCC 4450 Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. 0.08 (1.8) 0.14 (3.2) 0.07 (1.6) 0.04 (0.9) 1.85 (42.3) 2.19 (50.1) 4.37 insidiosus ICMP 2621T (= NCPPB 1109T) Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. 0.06 (2.2) 0.24 (9.0) 0.20 (7.5) 1.67 (62.3) 0.44 (16.4) 0.07 (2.6) 2.68 insidiosus ICMP 4 192 Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. 0.03 (0.5) 0.09 (1.6) 0.22 (3.8) Tr 2.10 (36.2) 3.36 (57.9) Tr 5.80 insidiosus ICMP 2615 (= NCPPB 1020) Ciavibacter michiganensis subsp .
Recommended publications
  • Thermophilic Carboxydotrophs and Their Applications in Biotechnology Springerbriefs in Microbiology

    Thermophilic Carboxydotrophs and Their Applications in Biotechnology Springerbriefs in Microbiology

    SPRINGER BRIEFS IN MICROBIOLOGY EXTREMOPHILIC BACTERIA Sonia M. Tiquia-Arashiro Thermophilic Carboxydotrophs and their Applications in Biotechnology SpringerBriefs in Microbiology Extremophilic Bacteria Series editors Sonia M. Tiquia-Arashiro, Dearborn, MI, USA Melanie Mormile, Rolla, MO, USA More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/11917 Sonia M. Tiquia-Arashiro Thermophilic Carboxydotrophs and their Applications in Biotechnology 123 Sonia M. Tiquia-Arashiro Department of Natural Sciences University of Michigan Dearborn, MI USA ISSN 2191-5385 ISSN 2191-5393 (electronic) ISBN 978-3-319-11872-7 ISBN 978-3-319-11873-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-11873-4 Library of Congress Control Number: 2014951696 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © The Author(s) 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer.
  • Brevibacterium Sandarakinum Sp. Nov., Isolated from a Wall of an Indoor Environment

    Brevibacterium Sandarakinum Sp. Nov., Isolated from a Wall of an Indoor Environment

    This is an author manuscript that has been accepted for publication in International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, copyright Society for General Microbiology, but has not been copy-edited, formatted or proofed. Cite this article as appearing in International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. This version of the manuscript may not be duplicated or reproduced, other than for personal use or within the rule of ‘Fair Use of Copyrighted Materials’ (section 17, Title 17, US Code), without permission from the copyright owner, Society for General Microbiology. The View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE Society for General Microbiology disclaims any responsibility or liability for errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or in any version derived from it by any other parties. The final copy-edited, published article, which is the version of record, can be found at http://ijs.sgmjournals.org,provided by Giessener Elektronische and is freely Bibliothek available without a subscription 24 months after publication. First published in: Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 2009. 60(4) 909-913. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.014100-0 Brevibacterium sandarakinum sp. nov., isolated from a wall of an indoor environment Peter Ka¨mpfer,1 Jenny Scha¨fer,1 Nicole Lodders1 and Hans-Ju¨rgen Busse2 Correspondence 1Institut fu¨r Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universita¨t Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Peter Ka¨mpfer Germany [email protected] 2Institut fu¨r Bakteriologie, Mykologie und Hygiene, Veterina¨rmedizinische Universita¨t, A-1210 Wien, giessen.de Austria A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-endospore-forming, orange-pigmented (coloured) actinobacterium (01-Je-003T) was isolated from the wall of an indoor environment primarily colonized with moulds.
  • Rathayibacter Rathayi Comb , Nov,, Rathayibacter Tritici Comb , Nov,, Rathayibacter Iranicus Comb, Nov., and Six Strains from Annual Grasses H

    Rathayibacter Rathayi Comb , Nov,, Rathayibacter Tritici Comb , Nov,, Rathayibacter Iranicus Comb, Nov., and Six Strains from Annual Grasses H

    INTERNATIONALJOURNAL OF SYSTEMATICBACTERIOLOGY, Jan. 1993, p. 143-149 Vol. 43, No. 1 0020-7713/93/010143-07$02.00/0 Copyright 0 1993, International Union of Microbiological Societies Rathayibacter gen, nov., Including the Species Rathayibacter rathayi comb , nov,, Rathayibacter tritici comb , nov,, Rathayibacter iranicus comb, nov., and Six Strains from Annual Grasses H. I. ZGURSKAYA, L. I. EVTUSHENKO," V. N. AKIMOV, AND L. V. KALAKOUTSKII All-Russian Collection of Microorganisms, Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142292, Russia A new genus, Ruthuyibucter, is proposed to accommodate three species of gram-positive, aerobic, coryneform bacteria previously placed in the genus Clavibucter (Ruthuyibucter ruthuyi comb. nov., Ruthuyibucter tritici comb. nov., and Ruthuyibucter irunicus comb. nov.), as well as six strains that were isolated from annual cereal grasses, may be responsible for ryegrass toxicity, and are very similar to the recently described organism Chvibacter toxicus sp. nov. (I. T. Riley and K. M. Ophel, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 42:64-68, 1992). The properties of members of the genus Ruthuyibacter include coryneform morphology, peptidoglycan based on 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (type B2y), predominant menaquinones of the MK-10 type, and phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol as basic polar lipids. The DNA base compositions range from 63 to 72 mol% G+C. The members of the new genus form a phenetic cluster distinct from Clavibucter spp. at a level
  • Comparative Analyses of Whole-Genome Protein Sequences

    Comparative Analyses of Whole-Genome Protein Sequences

    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Comparative analyses of whole- genome protein sequences from multiple organisms Received: 7 June 2017 Makio Yokono 1,2, Soichirou Satoh3 & Ayumi Tanaka1 Accepted: 16 April 2018 Phylogenies based on entire genomes are a powerful tool for reconstructing the Tree of Life. Several Published: xx xx xxxx methods have been proposed, most of which employ an alignment-free strategy. Average sequence similarity methods are diferent than most other whole-genome methods, because they are based on local alignments. However, previous average similarity methods fail to reconstruct a correct phylogeny when compared against other whole-genome trees. In this study, we developed a novel average sequence similarity method. Our method correctly reconstructs the phylogenetic tree of in silico evolved E. coli proteomes. We applied the method to reconstruct a whole-proteome phylogeny of 1,087 species from all three domains of life, Bacteria, Archaea, and Eucarya. Our tree was automatically reconstructed without any human decisions, such as the selection of organisms. The tree exhibits a concentric circle-like structure, indicating that all the organisms have similar total branch lengths from their common ancestor. Branching patterns of the members of each phylum of Bacteria and Archaea are largely consistent with previous reports. The topologies are largely consistent with those reconstructed by other methods. These results strongly suggest that this approach has sufcient taxonomic resolution and reliability to infer phylogeny, from phylum to strain, of a wide range of organisms. Te reconstruction of phylogenetic trees is a powerful tool for understanding organismal evolutionary processes. Molecular phylogenetic analysis using ribosomal RNA (rRNA) clarifed the phylogenetic relationship of the three domains, bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic1.
  • Marine Rare Actinomycetes: a Promising Source of Structurally Diverse and Unique Novel Natural Products

    Marine Rare Actinomycetes: a Promising Source of Structurally Diverse and Unique Novel Natural Products

    Review Marine Rare Actinomycetes: A Promising Source of Structurally Diverse and Unique Novel Natural Products Ramesh Subramani 1 and Detmer Sipkema 2,* 1 School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Technology & Environment, The University of the South Pacific, Laucala Campus, Private Mail Bag, Suva, Republic of Fiji; [email protected] 2 Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +31-317-483113 Received: 7 March 2019; Accepted: 23 April 2019; Published: 26 April 2019 Abstract: Rare actinomycetes are prolific in the marine environment; however, knowledge about their diversity, distribution and biochemistry is limited. Marine rare actinomycetes represent a rather untapped source of chemically diverse secondary metabolites and novel bioactive compounds. In this review, we aim to summarize the present knowledge on the isolation, diversity, distribution and natural product discovery of marine rare actinomycetes reported from mid-2013 to 2017. A total of 97 new species, representing 9 novel genera and belonging to 27 families of marine rare actinomycetes have been reported, with the highest numbers of novel isolates from the families Pseudonocardiaceae, Demequinaceae, Micromonosporaceae and Nocardioidaceae. Additionally, this study reviewed 167 new bioactive compounds produced by 58 different rare actinomycete species representing 24 genera. Most of the compounds produced by the marine rare actinomycetes present antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, anticancer or antimalarial activities. The highest numbers of natural products were derived from the genera Nocardiopsis, Micromonospora, Salinispora and Pseudonocardia. Members of the genus Micromonospora were revealed to be the richest source of chemically diverse and unique bioactive natural products.
  • Disruption of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria Abundance in Tomato Rhizosphere Causes the Incidence of Bacterial Wilt Disease

    Disruption of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria Abundance in Tomato Rhizosphere Causes the Incidence of Bacterial Wilt Disease

    The ISME Journal (2021) 15:330–347 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-020-00785-x ARTICLE Disruption of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria abundance in tomato rhizosphere causes the incidence of bacterial wilt disease 1,2 1,3 1 1,2 Sang-Moo Lee ● Hyun Gi Kong ● Geun Cheol Song ● Choong-Min Ryu Received: 31 March 2020 / Revised: 27 August 2020 / Accepted: 17 September 2020 / Published online: 7 October 2020 © The Author(s) 2020. This article is published with open access Abstract Enrichment of protective microbiota in the rhizosphere facilitates disease suppression. However, how the disruption of protective rhizobacteria affects disease suppression is largely unknown. Here, we analyzed the rhizosphere microbial community of a healthy and diseased tomato plant grown <30-cm apart in a greenhouse at three different locations in South Korea. The abundance of Gram-positive Actinobacteria and Firmicutes phyla was lower in diseased rhizosphere soil (DRS) than in healthy rhizosphere soil (HRS) without changes in the causative Ralstonia solanacearum population. Artificial disruption of Gram-positive bacteria in HRS using 500-μg/mL vancomycin increased bacterial wilt occurrence in tomato. To identify HRS-specific and plant-protective Gram-positive bacteria species, Brevibacterium frigoritolerans HRS1, Bacillus 1234567890();,: 1234567890();,: niacini HRS2, Solibacillus silvestris HRS3, and Bacillus luciferensis HRS4 were selected from among 326 heat-stable culturable bacteria isolates. These four strains did not directly antagonize R. solanacearum but activated plant immunity. A synthetic community comprising these four strains displayed greater immune activation against R. solanacearum and extended plant protection by 4 more days in comparison with each individual strain. Overall, our results demonstrate for the first time that dysbiosis of the protective Gram-positive bacterial community in DRS promotes the incidence of disease.
  • Exploring the Potential of Antibiotic Production from Rare Actinobacteria by Whole-Genome Sequencing and Guided MS/MS Analysis

    Exploring the Potential of Antibiotic Production from Rare Actinobacteria by Whole-Genome Sequencing and Guided MS/MS Analysis

    fmicb-11-01540 July 27, 2020 Time: 14:51 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 15 July 2020 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01540 Exploring the Potential of Antibiotic Production From Rare Actinobacteria by Whole-Genome Sequencing and Guided MS/MS Analysis Dini Hu1,2, Chenghang Sun3, Tao Jin4, Guangyi Fan4, Kai Meng Mok2, Kai Li1* and Simon Ming-Yuen Lee5* 1 School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China, 2 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China, 3 Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China, 4 Beijing Genomics Institute, Shenzhen, China, 5 State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China Actinobacteria are well recognized for their production of structurally diverse bioactive Edited by: secondary metabolites, but the rare actinobacterial genera have been underexploited Sukhwan Yoon, for such potential. To search for new sources of active compounds, an experiment Korea Advanced Institute of Science combining genomic analysis and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) screening and Technology, South Korea was designed to isolate and characterize actinobacterial strains from a mangrove Reviewed by: Hui Li, environment in Macau. Fourteen actinobacterial strains were isolated from the collected Jinan University, China samples. Partial 16S sequences indicated that they were from six genera, including Baogang Zhang, China University of Geosciences, Brevibacterium, Curtobacterium, Kineococcus, Micromonospora, Mycobacterium, and China Streptomyces. The isolate sp.01 showing 99.28% sequence similarity with a reference *Correspondence: rare actinobacterial species Micromonospora aurantiaca ATCC 27029T was selected for Kai Li whole genome sequencing.
  • CHOOZIT™Ripening Cultures

    CHOOZIT™Ripening Cultures

    CHOOZIT™ Ripening Cultures CHOOZIT™ Ripening Cultures from taste, textural and structural Danisco give cheese a taste of its true characteristics that distinguish all identity. cheese types. Comprising tailored moulds, yeasts and For delicious cheese with a longer bacteria providing complementary shelf life, CHOOZIT™ Ripening aromatic activities, the range is an Cultures are the value-added choice. essential aid to attaining the exclusive Benefits of using Danisco cultures Product range Impact in cheese processing Penicillium candidum Provides a customised appearance and flavour, extends shelf life on high MFFB*, protects against pollutants, provides a thin rind (no perception in mouth), produces flavours Penicillium roqueforti Provides a customised appearance and flavour, protects against pollutants, produces flavour Geotrichum Enables fine-tuning of cheese characteristics, complements the effect of penicillium, can be used alone for specialities Yeast Enables assimilation and/or fermentation of carbohydrates, produces flavour, provides neutralising power in combination with corynebacteria Corynebacteria Provides flavour and colours from cream to bright orange, possible association of corynebacteria/yeasts and geotrichum, produces sulphur flavours Micrococacceae Improves texture and flavour due to proteolytic potential, activates specific lactic bacteria, protects against pollutants * Moisture on Fat Free Bases Moulds Moulds grow in the form of a cell unit, the so-called mycelium, and, with the help of enzymes, break down higher molecule compounds into smaller molecules they can exploit. Specific proteolysis and lipolysis of mould cultures result in the formation of characteristic flavours and influence the consistency of the cheese considerably. Penicillium roqueforti CHOOZIT™ Penicillium roqueforti Penicillium roqueforti has a number of range provides various colours from functions in the production of blue pale green to dark blue and enzymatic mould cheeses such as Roquefort, activities giving tastes from very mild to danish blue, Gorgonzola and Stilton.

  • To Obtain Approval for Projects to Develop Genetically Modified Organisms in Containment

    APPLICATION FORM Containment – GMO Project To obtain approval for projects to develop genetically modified organisms in containment Send to Environmental Protection Authority preferably by email ([email protected]) or alternatively by post (Private Bag 63002, Wellington 6140) Payment must accompany final application; see our fees and charges schedule for details. Application Number APP203205 Date 02/10/2017 www.epa.govt.nz 2 Application Form Approval for projects to develop genetically modified organisms in containment Completing this application form 1. This form has been approved under section 42A of the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act 1996. It only covers projects for development (production, fermentation or regeneration) of genetically modified organisms in containment. This application form may be used to seek approvals for a range of new organisms, if the organisms are part of a defined project and meet the criteria for low risk modifications. Low risk genetic modification is defined in the HSNO (Low Risk Genetic Modification) Regulations: http://www.legislation.govt.nz/regulation/public/2003/0152/latest/DLM195215.html. 2. If you wish to make an application for another type of approval or for another use (such as an emergency, special emergency or release), a different form will have to be used. All forms are available on our website. 3. It is recommended that you contact an Advisor at the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) as early in the application process as possible. An Advisor can assist you with any questions you have during the preparation of your application. 4. Unless otherwise indicated, all sections of this form must be completed for the application to be formally received and assessed.
  • Microbial and Mineralogical Characterizations of Soils Collected from the Deep Biosphere of the Former Homestake Gold Mine, South Dakota

    Microbial and Mineralogical Characterizations of Soils Collected from the Deep Biosphere of the Former Homestake Gold Mine, South Dakota

    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln US Department of Energy Publications U.S. Department of Energy 2010 Microbial and Mineralogical Characterizations of Soils Collected from the Deep Biosphere of the Former Homestake Gold Mine, South Dakota Gurdeep Rastogi South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Shariff Osman Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Ravi K. Kukkadapu Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, [email protected] Mark Engelhard Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Parag A. Vaishampayan California Institute of Technology See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdoepub Part of the Bioresource and Agricultural Engineering Commons Rastogi, Gurdeep; Osman, Shariff; Kukkadapu, Ravi K.; Engelhard, Mark; Vaishampayan, Parag A.; Andersen, Gary L.; and Sani, Rajesh K., "Microbial and Mineralogical Characterizations of Soils Collected from the Deep Biosphere of the Former Homestake Gold Mine, South Dakota" (2010). US Department of Energy Publications. 170. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdoepub/170 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the U.S. Department of Energy at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in US Department of Energy Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Authors Gurdeep Rastogi, Shariff Osman, Ravi K. Kukkadapu, Mark Engelhard, Parag A. Vaishampayan, Gary L. Andersen, and Rajesh K. Sani This article is available at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/ usdoepub/170 Microb Ecol (2010) 60:539–550 DOI 10.1007/s00248-010-9657-y SOIL MICROBIOLOGY Microbial and Mineralogical Characterizations of Soils Collected from the Deep Biosphere of the Former Homestake Gold Mine, South Dakota Gurdeep Rastogi & Shariff Osman & Ravi Kukkadapu & Mark Engelhard & Parag A.
  • Brevibacterium from Austrian Hard Cheese Harbor a Putative Histamine Catabolism Pathway and a Plasmid for Adaptation to the Cheese Environment

    Brevibacterium from Austrian Hard Cheese Harbor a Putative Histamine Catabolism Pathway and a Plasmid for Adaptation to the Cheese Environment

    Animal Science Publications Animal Science 2019 Brevibacterium from Austrian hard cheese harbor a putative histamine catabolism pathway and a plasmid for adaptation to the cheese environment Justin M. Anast Iowa State University, [email protected] Monika Dzieciol University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Dylan L. Schultz Iowa State University, [email protected] Martin Wagner University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Evelyne Mann University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ans_pubs Part of the Agriculture Commons, Animal Sciences Commons, Food Microbiology Commons, and the Genetics and Genomics Commons The complete bibliographic information for this item can be found at https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ ans_pubs/520. For information on how to cite this item, please visit http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ howtocite.html. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Animal Science at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Animal Science Publications by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Brevibacterium from Austrian hard cheese harbor a putative histamine catabolism pathway and a plasmid for adaptation to the cheese environment Abstract The genus Brevibacterium harbors many members important for cheese ripening. We performed real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) to determine the abundance of Brevibacterium on rinds of Vorarlberger Bergkäse, an Austrian artisanal washed-rind hard cheese, over 160 days of ripening. Our results show that Brevibacterium are abundant on Vorarlberger Bergkäse rinds throughout the ripening time.
  • Uncovering the Uncultivated Majority in Antarctic Soils: Toward a Synergistic Approach

    Uncovering the Uncultivated Majority in Antarctic Soils: Toward a Synergistic Approach

    fmicb-10-00242 February 15, 2019 Time: 15:34 # 1 View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Ghent University Academic Bibliography REVIEW published: 15 February 2019 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00242 Uncovering the Uncultivated Majority in Antarctic Soils: Toward a Synergistic Approach Sam Lambrechts*, Anne Willems and Guillaume Tahon* Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Although Antarctica was once believed to be a sterile environment, it is now clear that the microbial communities inhabiting the Antarctic continent are surprisingly diverse. Until the beginning of the new millennium, little was known about the most abundant inhabitants of the continent: prokaryotes. From then on, however, the rising use of deep sequencing techniques has led to a better understanding of the Antarctic prokaryote diversity and provided insights in the composition of prokaryotic communities in different Antarctic environments. Although these cultivation-independent approaches can produce millions of sequences, linking these data to organisms is hindered by several problems. The largest difficulty is the lack of biological information on Edited by: Samuel Cirés, large parts of the microbial tree of life, arising from the fact that most microbial Autonomous University of Madrid, diversity on Earth has never been characterized in laboratory cultures. These unknown Spain prokaryotes, also known as microbial dark matter, have been dominantly detected Reviewed by: David Anthony Pearce, in all major environments on our planet. Laboratory cultures provide access to the Northumbria University, complete genome and the means to experimentally verify genomic predictions and United Kingdom metabolic functions and to provide evidence of horizontal gene transfer.