DOCSLIB.ORG

Depth-Specific Distribution of Bacteroidetes in the Oligotrophic Eastern Mediterranean Sea

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Depth-Specific Distribution of Bacteroidetes in the Oligotrophic Eastern Mediterranean Sea AQUATIC MICROBIAL ECOLOGY Vol. 46: 209–224, 2007 Published March 13 Aquat Microb Ecol Depth-specific distribution of Bacteroidetes in the oligotrophic Eastern Mediterranean Sea Martina Blümel, Jörg Süling, Johannes F. Imhoff* Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften an der Universität Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany ABSTRACT: Representatives of the phylum Bacteroidetes are repeatedly reported to be abundant members of oceanic bacterioplankton, probably because of their ability to degrade complex organic matter. 16S rDNA analysis was performed in order to address the importance of this phylum in a highly oligotrophic region such as the Eastern Mediterranean Sea and to investigate its distribution patterns and community composition. A new antisense primer was designed for PCR and used in combination with the general eubacterial sense primer 27F to specifically target Bacteroidetes repre- sentatives. Data were correlated with water depth and water mass properties. Denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis and sequencing of environmental clone libraries revealed spe- cific distribution patterns. A major fraction of the sequences was assigned to the AGG58 cluster, a branch of yet uncultured members of the Bacteroidetes lineage. Our results demonstrate a consider- able diversity within the Bacteroidetes lineage in the oligotrophic Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Differing water mass properties are considered to be of major relevance for the spatial distribution with depth; several environmental clone sequence clusters could be specifically assigned to a de- fined water mass or to the deep waters of investigated locations. Depth-specific distribution of Bacteroidetes is demonstrated for the first time by the results of this study. KEY WORDS: Bacteroidetes · Depth specific distribution · Eastern Mediterranean Sea · Bacterial diversity Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher INTRODUCTION isolated from marine and marine-derived habitats in Antarctica (Bowman et al. 2003). The phylum Bacteroidetes is a widely distributed Representatives of Bacteroidetes were found to group of chemoheterotrophic bacteria in marine habi- comprise 14% of bacterial isolates from a marine tats and is abundant within marine bacterioplankton habitat (Uphoff et al. 2001), but the majority of Bac- (Bowman et al. 1997, Glöckner et al. 1999, Cottrell & teroidetes sequences detected in environmental sam- Kirchman 2000, Fry 2000, Kirchman 2002). It is a major ples by molecular methods remains as yet uncultured eubacterial group and can be divided into different (DeLong et al. 1993, Suzuki et al. 1997, Eilers et al. lineages based on 16S ribosomal DNA sequences. 2000). Major branches are the Cytophaga–Flavobacterium Members of the Bacteroidetes represented 10 to lineage, the Bacteroides lineage as well as the families 40% of total bacterial numbers (DAPI counts) in ocean Sphingobacteriaceae, Flexibacteraceae and Creno- waters (Glöckner et al. 1999, Abell & Bowman 2005a) trichaceae (Kirchman 2002). A new family within the as observed by fluorescence in situ hybridisation phylum, the Cryomorphaceae, has recently been pro- (FISH). In lakes, a growth rate 2-fold faster than that posed (Bowman et al. 2003), phylogenetically branch- of other bacterial groups was observed for the ing between the families Flavobacteriaceae and Bac- Cytophaga–Flavobacterium lineage (Jürgens et al. teroidaceae. The type genus of this new family is the 1999), providing a possible explanation for the high genus Cryomorpha, type species C. ignava, originally abundances of this group in aquatic systems. *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] © Inter-Research 2007 · www.int-res.com 210 Aquat Microb Ecol 46: 209–224, 2007 In contrast to the data obtained by FISH, only few cal conditions (O’Sullivan et al. 2004). O’Sullivan et al. Bacteroidetes sequences have been found in clone (2004) found comparably low similarity values of Bac- libraries from open-ocean environments using general teroidetes clones to GenBank sequences and con- eubacterial primers (5 to 20%; Kirchman 2002, Kirch- cluded that the phylogenetic diversity of this group is man et al. 2003). Bacteroidetes sequences are often not as well investigated as that for the proteobacteria. underrepresented in clone libraries and consequently A specific prokaryotic community is considered to in DNA sequence databases (O’Sullivan et al. 2004), inhabit the deep Mediterranean Sea (Zaballos et al. because general eubacterial primers are likely to dis- 2006). Zaballos et al. (2006) found substantial differ- criminate against this phylum (Suzuki et al. 2001). ences in the bacterial community composition com- Although data from FISH suggest that this phylum pared to other ocean environments. In general, the represents an important part of bacterial communities ubiquitous alpha-bacterial SAR-11 cluster contributed in ocean waters, little is known of its ecological func- a major fraction of the total bacterial community of tion and specific distribution (Reichenbach 1991, open ocean environments, whereas in the Ionian Basin Hagström 2000, Hagström et al. 2000, Kirchman 2002). (Eastern Mediterranean Sea), Gammaproteobacteria Representatives of the Bacteroidetes and especially dominated the bacterioplankton assemblage (Zaballos the Flavobacterium lineage are known to be degraders et al. 2006). Bacteroidetes were the most heterogenous of complex organic matter. In recent years, the distrib- group retrieved in clone libraries of seawater samples ution of marine representatives of Bacteroidetes has from the Greenland Sea and the Ionian Sea, indicating attracted increasing attention, mainly due to their sup- a high diversity within this group in these waters. posed essential role in vertical energy and carbon flow To date, depth-specific distribution has been reported (Kirchman 2002, Bowman et al. 2003). Abell & Bow- for several bacterial phyla, e.g. the green non-sulfur man (2005a) hypothesized an opportunistic response of bacteria (Gordon & Giovannoni 1996), the ubiquitous Flavobacteria to the organic carbon present. As major SAR11 cluster (Field et al. 1997) and Deltaproteobacte- decomposers, uptake and degradation (especially of ria (Wright et al. 1997). Lee & Fuhrman (1991) reported high molecular weight, HMW) of organic matter is a varying bacterial community composition with assumed for this bacterial group (Cottrell & Kirchman depth, but the phylum Bacteroidetes has never been 2000, Kirchman 2002). Pinhassi et al. (2004) further the focus of studies dealing with depth-specific distrib- emphasized the particular importance of Bacteroidetes ution. However, with changing availability of HMW in the processing of organic matter during algal blooms. organic matter with depth, a depth-specific distribu- Crump et al. (1999) detected a high proportion of tion particularly of Bacteroidetes representatives as Bacteroidetes in the particle-attached fraction of an major degraders seems likely. Seritti et al. (2003) estuarine system, underlining the importance of this reported a water-mass-specific distribution of dissolved bacterial phylum especially in the degradation of organic carbon (DOC) in the Eastern Mediterranean marine snow aggregates. DeLong et al. (1993) found Sea. Bacteroidetes as major mineralizers of particulate that particle-attached bacterial assemblages shared no organic carbon (POC) may contribute a major fraction identical rRNA types with free-living assemblages and of DOC, further indicating a possible depth- or even suggested major compositional differences between water-mass-specific distribution of this phylum. the 2 assemblages. DeLong et al. (1993) also retrieved The Mediterranean Sea can be primarily character- the first sequence of the so-called ‘AGG58’ cluster of ized by unusually high deep water temperatures the Bacteroidetes (O’Sullivan et al. 2004) from marine (>13°C, CIESM 2003) and extremely low nutrient con- snow in the Santa Barbara Channel, USA. The AGG58 centrations (Krom et al. 1991). The Eastern Mediter- cluster is a coherent branch with closest similarity to ranean is divided into 2 main sub-basins, the Levan- the Flavobacteria lineage, now incorporated into the tine Basin and the Ionian Basin (Theocharis et al. new family Cryomorphaceae (O’Sullivan et al. 2004, 1993). Characteristic surface water masses of the Abell & Bowman 2005b). The AGG58 cluster com- Eastern Mediterranean Sea are the Levantine Surface prises sequences from such various environments as Water (LSW, origin: Levantine Basin) and the Modified the Santa Barbara Channel (DeLong et al. 1993), the Atlantic Water (MAW, origin: Atlantic Ocean). Inter- Delaware Estuary (Kirchman et al. 2003), the Arctic mediate water masses are the Levantine Intermediate Ocean (Bano & Hollibaugh 2002) and coastal seawater Water (LIW, main origin: Rhodes cyclonic gyre; Theo- off North Carolina (Rappé et al. 1997). It is therefore charis et al. 1999) and the newly formed Cretan Inter- considered to be cosmopolitan (O’Sullivan et al. 2004). mediate Water (CIW, origin: Aegean Sea; Schlitzer et The different branches of the cluster showed changes al. 1991, Manca et al. 2003). Deep water circulation has in dominance during the course of a phytoplankton changed over the last decade: the Adriatic Sea as pri- bloom, leading to the assumption that different mem- mary source of Eastern Mediterranean Deep Water bers of the cluster are specialized to different ecologi- (EMDWAdr; Kress et al. 2003) has been replaced
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Some Pathological Changes in Trout Organs Caused by Certain Strains of the Genera Cytophaga and Pseudomonas
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1954 Some pathological changes in trout organs caused by certain strains of the genera Cytophaga and Pseudomonas John W. Jutila The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Jutila, John W., "Some pathological changes in trout organs caused by certain strains of the genera Cytophaga and Pseudomonas" (1954). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 6983. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/6983 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. S O m PATHOLOGICAL CHANCES IN TROUT ORGANS CAUSED BY CERTAIN STRAINS OF THE GENERA CYTOPHAGA AND PSEÜDaîOKAS by JOHN WAYNE JUTILA B* A* Montana State University, 1953 Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY 1954 Approved b Board of JBxamin D^gm, (hrMuate School / Date Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: EP37784 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted.
    [Show full text]
  • Thermophilic Carboxydotrophs and Their Applications in Biotechnology Springerbriefs in Microbiology
    SPRINGER BRIEFS IN MICROBIOLOGY EXTREMOPHILIC BACTERIA Sonia M. Tiquia-Arashiro Thermophilic Carboxydotrophs and their Applications in Biotechnology SpringerBriefs in Microbiology Extremophilic Bacteria Series editors Sonia M. Tiquia-Arashiro, Dearborn, MI, USA Melanie Mormile, Rolla, MO, USA More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/11917 Sonia M. Tiquia-Arashiro Thermophilic Carboxydotrophs and their Applications in Biotechnology 123 Sonia M. Tiquia-Arashiro Department of Natural Sciences University of Michigan Dearborn, MI USA ISSN 2191-5385 ISSN 2191-5393 (electronic) ISBN 978-3-319-11872-7 ISBN 978-3-319-11873-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-11873-4 Library of Congress Control Number: 2014951696 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © The Author(s) 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer.
    [Show full text]
  • Brevibacterium Sandarakinum Sp. Nov., Isolated from a Wall of an Indoor Environment
    This is an author manuscript that has been accepted for publication in International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, copyright Society for General Microbiology, but has not been copy-edited, formatted or proofed. Cite this article as appearing in International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. This version of the manuscript may not be duplicated or reproduced, other than for personal use or within the rule of ‘Fair Use of Copyrighted Materials’ (section 17, Title 17, US Code), without permission from the copyright owner, Society for General Microbiology. The View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE Society for General Microbiology disclaims any responsibility or liability for errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or in any version derived from it by any other parties. The final copy-edited, published article, which is the version of record, can be found at http://ijs.sgmjournals.org,provided by Giessener Elektronische and is freely Bibliothek available without a subscription 24 months after publication. First published in: Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 2009. 60(4) 909-913. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.014100-0 Brevibacterium sandarakinum sp. nov., isolated from a wall of an indoor environment Peter Ka¨mpfer,1 Jenny Scha¨fer,1 Nicole Lodders1 and Hans-Ju¨rgen Busse2 Correspondence 1Institut fu¨r Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universita¨t Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Peter Ka¨mpfer Germany [email protected] 2Institut fu¨r Bakteriologie, Mykologie und Hygiene, Veterina¨rmedizinische Universita¨t, A-1210 Wien, giessen.de Austria A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-endospore-forming, orange-pigmented (coloured) actinobacterium (01-Je-003T) was isolated from the wall of an indoor environment primarily colonized with moulds.
    [Show full text]
  • Cytophaga Aquatilis Sp
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNALOF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY, Apr. 1978, p. 293-303 Vol. 28, No. 2 0020-7713/78/0028-0293$02.00/0 Copyright 0 1978 International Association of Microbiological Societies Printed in U.S.A. Cytophaga aquatilis sp. nov., a Facultative Anaerobe Isolated from the Gills of Freshwater Fish WILLIAM R. STROHLT AND LARRY R. TAITtt Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan 48859 A facultatively anaerobic, gram-negative, gliding bacterium was isolated from the gills of freshwater fish. Its deoxyribonucleic acid base composition (33.7 mol% guanine plus cytosine), lack of microcysts or fruiting bodies, cell size (0.5 by 8.0 pm), and hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose and chitin place it in the genus Cytophaga. This aquatic cytophaga is differentiated from other cytophagas by its fermentation of carbohydrates, proteolytic capabilities, and a number of addi- tional physiological and biochemical tests. The organism was compared to other similar isolates reported from fish, and it appears to belong to a new species, for which the name Cytophaga aquatilis is proposed. The type strain of C. aquatilis, N, has been deposited with the American Type Culture Collection under the accession number 29551. Borg (3) described four strains of facultatively isolates are similar to those strains of faculta- anaerobic cytophagas isolated from salmon at tively anaerobic cytophagas described by Borg the Skagit Fish Hatchery near Seattle, Wash. (3), Pacha and Porter (14), Anderson and Con- He associated those strains with
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Analyses of Whole-Genome Protein Sequences
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Comparative analyses of whole- genome protein sequences from multiple organisms Received: 7 June 2017 Makio Yokono 1,2, Soichirou Satoh3 & Ayumi Tanaka1 Accepted: 16 April 2018 Phylogenies based on entire genomes are a powerful tool for reconstructing the Tree of Life. Several Published: xx xx xxxx methods have been proposed, most of which employ an alignment-free strategy. Average sequence similarity methods are diferent than most other whole-genome methods, because they are based on local alignments. However, previous average similarity methods fail to reconstruct a correct phylogeny when compared against other whole-genome trees. In this study, we developed a novel average sequence similarity method. Our method correctly reconstructs the phylogenetic tree of in silico evolved E. coli proteomes. We applied the method to reconstruct a whole-proteome phylogeny of 1,087 species from all three domains of life, Bacteria, Archaea, and Eucarya. Our tree was automatically reconstructed without any human decisions, such as the selection of organisms. The tree exhibits a concentric circle-like structure, indicating that all the organisms have similar total branch lengths from their common ancestor. Branching patterns of the members of each phylum of Bacteria and Archaea are largely consistent with previous reports. The topologies are largely consistent with those reconstructed by other methods. These results strongly suggest that this approach has sufcient taxonomic resolution and reliability to infer phylogeny, from phylum to strain, of a wide range of organisms. Te reconstruction of phylogenetic trees is a powerful tool for understanding organismal evolutionary processes. Molecular phylogenetic analysis using ribosomal RNA (rRNA) clarifed the phylogenetic relationship of the three domains, bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic1.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Rare Actinomycetes: a Promising Source of Structurally Diverse and Unique Novel Natural Products
    Review Marine Rare Actinomycetes: A Promising Source of Structurally Diverse and Unique Novel Natural Products Ramesh Subramani 1 and Detmer Sipkema 2,* 1 School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Technology & Environment, The University of the South Pacific, Laucala Campus, Private Mail Bag, Suva, Republic of Fiji; [email protected] 2 Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +31-317-483113 Received: 7 March 2019; Accepted: 23 April 2019; Published: 26 April 2019 Abstract: Rare actinomycetes are prolific in the marine environment; however, knowledge about their diversity, distribution and biochemistry is limited. Marine rare actinomycetes represent a rather untapped source of chemically diverse secondary metabolites and novel bioactive compounds. In this review, we aim to summarize the present knowledge on the isolation, diversity, distribution and natural product discovery of marine rare actinomycetes reported from mid-2013 to 2017. A total of 97 new species, representing 9 novel genera and belonging to 27 families of marine rare actinomycetes have been reported, with the highest numbers of novel isolates from the families Pseudonocardiaceae, Demequinaceae, Micromonosporaceae and Nocardioidaceae. Additionally, this study reviewed 167 new bioactive compounds produced by 58 different rare actinomycete species representing 24 genera. Most of the compounds produced by the marine rare actinomycetes present antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, anticancer or antimalarial activities. The highest numbers of natural products were derived from the genera Nocardiopsis, Micromonospora, Salinispora and Pseudonocardia. Members of the genus Micromonospora were revealed to be the richest source of chemically diverse and unique bioactive natural products.
    [Show full text]
  • Disruption of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria Abundance in Tomato Rhizosphere Causes the Incidence of Bacterial Wilt Disease
    The ISME Journal (2021) 15:330–347 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-020-00785-x ARTICLE Disruption of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria abundance in tomato rhizosphere causes the incidence of bacterial wilt disease 1,2 1,3 1 1,2 Sang-Moo Lee ● Hyun Gi Kong ● Geun Cheol Song ● Choong-Min Ryu Received: 31 March 2020 / Revised: 27 August 2020 / Accepted: 17 September 2020 / Published online: 7 October 2020 © The Author(s) 2020. This article is published with open access Abstract Enrichment of protective microbiota in the rhizosphere facilitates disease suppression. However, how the disruption of protective rhizobacteria affects disease suppression is largely unknown. Here, we analyzed the rhizosphere microbial community of a healthy and diseased tomato plant grown <30-cm apart in a greenhouse at three different locations in South Korea. The abundance of Gram-positive Actinobacteria and Firmicutes phyla was lower in diseased rhizosphere soil (DRS) than in healthy rhizosphere soil (HRS) without changes in the causative Ralstonia solanacearum population. Artificial disruption of Gram-positive bacteria in HRS using 500-μg/mL vancomycin increased bacterial wilt occurrence in tomato. To identify HRS-specific and plant-protective Gram-positive bacteria species, Brevibacterium frigoritolerans HRS1, Bacillus 1234567890();,: 1234567890();,: niacini HRS2, Solibacillus silvestris HRS3, and Bacillus luciferensis HRS4 were selected from among 326 heat-stable culturable bacteria isolates. These four strains did not directly antagonize R. solanacearum but activated plant immunity. A synthetic community comprising these four strains displayed greater immune activation against R. solanacearum and extended plant protection by 4 more days in comparison with each individual strain. Overall, our results demonstrate for the first time that dysbiosis of the protective Gram-positive bacterial community in DRS promotes the incidence of disease.
    [Show full text]
  • Deciphering the Biodiversity of Fish-Pathogenic Flavobacterium Spp
    Vol. 112: 45–57, 2014 DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS Published November 13 doi: 10.3354/dao02791 Dis Aquat Org Deciphering the biodiversity of fish-pathogenic Flavobacterium spp. recovered from the Great Lakes basin Thomas P. Loch1, Mohamed Faisal1,2,* 1Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, 174 Food Safety and Toxicology Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA 2Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Natural Resources Building, Room 4, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA ABSTRACT: Flavobacterial diseases negatively impact wild and cultured fishes worldwide. We recently reported on the presence of a large and diverse group of flavobacteria, many of which were associated with lesions in a number of Great Lakes fish species. Herein, we report on the characterization of 65 fish-associated Flavobacterium spp. isolates using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and phylogenetic analyses based upon neighbor-joining and Bayesian methodologies. Thirteen isolates were identified as the newly described fish-associated F. plurextorum, F. spar- tansii, and F. tructae, while 3 isolates were similar to F. frigidimaris; however, the remaining Flavobacterium spp. isolates did not conclusively match any described Flavobacterium spp. and thus were suspected as comprising novel flavobacterial species. A more comprehensive polypha- sic characterization was undertaken on 6 isolates, representing a range of association with disease signs in hatchery-raised or free-ranging fish and genetic distinctness. Polyphasic characterization included physiological, morphological, and biochemical analyses, as well as additional phyloge- netic analyses based upon near-complete sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Our findings demon- strated that that at least 5 of the 6 isolates are most likely novel species within the genus Flavobac- terium that have never before been reported from fish.
    [Show full text]
  • Culture of the Bacterial Gill Disease Organism, Flavobacterium Branchiophilum and Strain Differences Relevant to Epizoology
    Culture of the Bacterial Gill Disease Organism, Flavobacterium branchiophilum and Strain Differences Relevant to Epizoology by Iwona Skulska A Thesis presented to The University of Guelph In partial fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Molecular and Cellular Biology Guelph, Ontario, Canada © Iwona Skulska, October 2014 ABSTRACT Culture of the Bacterial Gill Disease Organism, Flavobacterium branchiophilum and strain differences relevant to epizoology. Iwona Skulska Advisor: Dr. Roselynn M.W. Stevenson University of Guelph, 2014 The isolation, growth, and long-term storage of Flavobacterium branchiophilum is difficult. The aims of this work were to define optimal culture and storage media that would allow for growth of F. branchiophilum and determine if there were phenotypic and genotypic differences amongst isolates. Flavobacterium branchiophilum grew best on Anacker and Ordal’s medium that was supplemented with millimolar amounts of KCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2; with growth and colony visibility further improved with the addition of charcoal; 53 isolates were isolated from Ontario on this improved medium. Cultures of F. branchiophilum were viable over a period of 2 years when suspended in 5% (w/v) skim milk powder in Cytophaga Salts Broth or 10% DMSO in Cytophaga Salts Broth and stored at -75°C. By transmission electron microscopy, all isolates examined possessed surface structures resembling pili, and had evidence of membrane vesicles (MV) and tubules. The gyrB gene had a 7% difference in the 820 nucleotides sequenced, which was observed in 10 isolates from a particular case of BGD in brook trout and 4 other isolates. Differences between sequences of atpA and tuf from ONT case 6199 and 4 other isolates were also detected.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring the Potential of Antibiotic Production from Rare Actinobacteria by Whole-Genome Sequencing and Guided MS/MS Analysis
    fmicb-11-01540 July 27, 2020 Time: 14:51 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 15 July 2020 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01540 Exploring the Potential of Antibiotic Production From Rare Actinobacteria by Whole-Genome Sequencing and Guided MS/MS Analysis Dini Hu1,2, Chenghang Sun3, Tao Jin4, Guangyi Fan4, Kai Meng Mok2, Kai Li1* and Simon Ming-Yuen Lee5* 1 School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China, 2 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China, 3 Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China, 4 Beijing Genomics Institute, Shenzhen, China, 5 State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China Actinobacteria are well recognized for their production of structurally diverse bioactive Edited by: secondary metabolites, but the rare actinobacterial genera have been underexploited Sukhwan Yoon, for such potential. To search for new sources of active compounds, an experiment Korea Advanced Institute of Science combining genomic analysis and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) screening and Technology, South Korea was designed to isolate and characterize actinobacterial strains from a mangrove Reviewed by: Hui Li, environment in Macau. Fourteen actinobacterial strains were isolated from the collected Jinan University, China samples. Partial 16S sequences indicated that they were from six genera, including Baogang Zhang, China University of Geosciences, Brevibacterium, Curtobacterium, Kineococcus, Micromonospora, Mycobacterium, and China Streptomyces. The isolate sp.01 showing 99.28% sequence similarity with a reference *Correspondence: rare actinobacterial species Micromonospora aurantiaca ATCC 27029T was selected for Kai Li whole genome sequencing.
    [Show full text]
  • CHOOZIT™Ripening Cultures
    CHOOZIT™ Ripening Cultures CHOOZIT™ Ripening Cultures from taste, textural and structural Danisco give cheese a taste of its true characteristics that distinguish all identity. cheese types. Comprising tailored moulds, yeasts and For delicious cheese with a longer bacteria providing complementary shelf life, CHOOZIT™ Ripening aromatic activities, the range is an Cultures are the value-added choice. essential aid to attaining the exclusive Benefits of using Danisco cultures Product range Impact in cheese processing Penicillium candidum Provides a customised appearance and flavour, extends shelf life on high MFFB*, protects against pollutants, provides a thin rind (no perception in mouth), produces flavours Penicillium roqueforti Provides a customised appearance and flavour, protects against pollutants, produces flavour Geotrichum Enables fine-tuning of cheese characteristics, complements the effect of penicillium, can be used alone for specialities Yeast Enables assimilation and/or fermentation of carbohydrates, produces flavour, provides neutralising power in combination with corynebacteria Corynebacteria Provides flavour and colours from cream to bright orange, possible association of corynebacteria/yeasts and geotrichum, produces sulphur flavours Micrococacceae Improves texture and flavour due to proteolytic potential, activates specific lactic bacteria, protects against pollutants * Moisture on Fat Free Bases Moulds Moulds grow in the form of a cell unit, the so-called mycelium, and, with the help of enzymes, break down higher molecule compounds into smaller molecules they can exploit. Specific proteolysis and lipolysis of mould cultures result in the formation of characteristic flavours and influence the consistency of the cheese considerably. Penicillium roqueforti CHOOZIT™ Penicillium roqueforti Penicillium roqueforti has a number of range provides various colours from functions in the production of blue pale green to dark blue and enzymatic mould cheeses such as Roquefort, activities giving tastes from very mild to danish blue, Gorgonzola and Stilton.
    [Show full text]
  • Bacterial Cold-Water Disease in Coho Salmon, Chinook Salmon, and Rainbow Trout
    Bacterial Coldwater Disease An Extension Bulletin for the Western Regional Aquaculture Center (WRAC) B. R. LaFrentz1 and K. D. Cain1 1 Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources and the Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-1136 1 Table of Contents Introduction 1 Distribution 1 Host Susceptibility 2 Clinical Signs 2 Diagnosis 4 Transmission 4 Prevention and Treatment 5 Eggs 5 External Infections 5 Internal infections 6 Management of Coldwater Disease in the Future 6 References 6 Acknowledgments inside back cover Cooperative State Western United States Research Education Regional Department & Extension Service Aquaculture of Agriculture (CSREES) Center (WRAC) (USDA) 2 Introduction Bacterial coldwater disease (CWD) was first described in 1948 (Borg 1948). The causative agent of CWD, Flavobacterium psychrophilum, is a gram-negative bacterium that produces an acute septicemic infection in salmonids (Wood & Yasutake 1956) and a few other species (Lehman et al. 1991). The disease typically occurs at low temperatures and infected fish may exhibit a range of clinical signs, including large open lesions on the caudal peduncle (tail area). Hence, this disease has been referred to as peduncle disease and low-temperature disease. In Europe, the disease is referred to as rainbow trout fry syndrome (RTFS) due to impacts related to early life stage mortalities in trout. Flavobacterium psychrophilum is considered one of the most important salmonid pathogens worldwide (Michel et al. 1999) because of the severe mortalities caused by infection with this pathogen and the resulting economic impact among commercial aquaculture producers and conservation hatcheries. In recent years, the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) industry in the Hagerman Valley of southern Idaho has experienced severe disease problems associated with this bacterium.
    [Show full text]