Characterization of the Fatty Acid Composition of Nannochloropsis
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Catalyst in Basic Oleochemicals
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Diponegoro University Institutional Repository Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 2(2-3), 2007, 22-31 Catalyst in Basic Oleochemicals Eva Suyenty, Herlina Sentosa, Mariani Agustine, Sandy Anwar, Abun Lie, and Erwin Sutanto * Research and Development Department, PT. Ecogreen Oleochemicals Jln. Pelabuhan Kav 1, Kabil, Batam 29435, Telp/Fax: (0778)711374 Presented at Symposium and Congress of MKICS 2007, 18-19 April 2007, Semarang, Indonesia Abstract Currently Indonesia is the world largest palm oil producer with production volume reaching 16 million tones per annum. The high crude oil and ethylene prices in the last 3 – 4 years contribute to the healthy demand growth for basic oleochemicals: fatty acids and fatty alcohols. Oleochemicals are starting to replace crude oil derived products in various applications. As widely practiced in petrochemical industry, catalyst plays a very important role in the production of basic oleochemicals. Catalytic reactions are abound in the production of oleochemicals: Nickel based catalysts are used in the hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty ac- ids; sodium methylate catalyst in the transesterification of triglycerides; sulfonic based polystyrene resin catalyst in esterification of fatty acids; and copper chromite/copper zinc catalyst in the high pressure hydro- genation of methyl esters or fatty acids to produce fatty alcohols. To maintain long catalyst life, it is crucial to ensure the absence of catalyst poisons and inhibitors in the feed. The preparation methods of nickel and copper chromite catalysts are as follows: precipitation, filtration, drying, and calcinations. Sodium methy- late is derived from direct reaction of sodium metal and methanol under inert gas. -
Safety Assessment of Sorbitan Esters As Used in Cosmetics
Safety Assessment of Sorbitan Esters as Used in Cosmetics Status: Re-Review for Panel Review Release Date: August 18, 2014 Panel Meeting Date: September 8-9, 2014 The 2014 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel members are: Chairman, Wilma F. Bergfeld, M.D., F.A.C.P.; Donald V. Belsito, M.D.; Ronald A. Hill, Ph.D.; Curtis D. Klaassen, Ph.D.; Daniel C. Liebler, Ph.D.; James G. Marks, Jr., M.D., Ronald C. Shank, Ph.D.; Thomas J. Slaga, Ph.D.; and Paul W. Snyder, D.V.M., Ph.D. The CIR Director is Lillian J. Gill, D.P.A. This safety assessment was prepared by Monice M. Fiume, Assistant Director/Senior Scientific Analyst and Bart Heldreth, Ph.D., Chemist. © Cosmetic Ingredient Review 1620 L Street, NW, Suite 1200 ♢ Washington, DC 20036-4702 ♢ ph 202.331.0651 ♢ fax 202.331.0088 ♢ [email protected] Commitment & Credibility since 1976 Memorandum To: CIR Expert Panel Members and Liaisons From: Monice M. Fiume MMF Assistant Director/Senior Scientific Analyst Date: August 18, 2014 Subject: Safety Assessment of Sorbitan Esters as Used in Cosmetics Enclosed is the Re-Review of the Safety Assessment on Sorbitan Esters as Used in Cosmetics. (It is identified as sorbes092014rep_final for posting in the pdf document.) In 1985, the Panel determined that a group of seven sorbitan esters were safe as used in cosmetic ingredients. In 2002, the Panel reviewed the safety of an additional 10 sorbitan ester, and issued an addendum to that report, concluding that the sorbitan fatty acid esters were safe as used in cosmet- ic ingredients. -
Production and Characterization of Fish Oil Methyl Ester
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by International Journal of Innovative Technology and Research (IJITR) Deepak Tanwar* et al. / (IJITR) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH Volume No. 1, Issue No. 3, April - May 2013, 209 – 217. Production and Characterization of Fish Oil Methyl Ester DEEPAK TANWAR1 AJAYTA2 DILIP SHARMA3 Rajasthan State Pollution Control Board, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, RIICO Industrial area, Phase-III, Government Polytechnic College, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Kishangarh 305801, India Ajmer 305001, India Jaipur 302004, India [email protected] YOGESH PRAKASH MATHUR4 KAMAL KISHORE KHATRI5 SHYAM LAL SONI6 Department of Civil Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur 302004, India Jaipur 302004, India Jaipur 302004, India RAGINI GUPTA7 Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur 302004, India Abstract: Limited availability of edible oils areas and are abundantly available in the country of prevents it from being used as viable source of testing. For example, soybean oil is of primary Biodiesel. Low cost and abundantly found fish oil interest source in the United States while many produced from soap stock could be a better option European countries are concentrating on Rapeseed oil for biodiesel processing. Such type of fish oil [2] and countries with tropical climates prefer to contains a higher amount of moisture and FFA utilize Coconut oil or Palm oil [3]. Other vegetable and requires a pre-treatment prior to biodiesel oils, including Sunflower, Safflower, Mahua, Neem, production. -
Ethoxylation of Fatty Acids
S B N P Enzymatic Synthesis & Functional Characterization Fredrik Viklund Department of Biotechnology Stockholm Royal Institute of Technology Surfactants based on natural products — Enzymatic synthesis and functional characterization Copyright © by Fredrik Viklund ISBN --- is is the electronic version of the thesis. Compared to the printed version, it includes some minor typographical corrections. Royal Institute of Technology Printed in Stockholm AlbaNova University Center May Department of Biotechnology SE- Stockholm, Sweden Universitetsservice AB http://www.biotech.kth.se/ http://www.us-ab.se/ To Explorers Sammanfattning Tensider är molekyler som består av en vattenlöslig och en fettlöslig del. De spelar en viktig roll i produkter som rengöringsmedel, kosmetika, läkemedel och mat såväl som i många industriella processer. Tensider används i mycket stor skala vilket gör det viktigt att minska deras påverkan på miljön. Det kan åstadkommas genom att använda naturprodukter som råvaror, genom att förbättra tillverkningsmetoderna och genom att minska användningen av begränsade resurser som energi och lösningsmedel. Den här avhandlingen behandlar lipaskatalyserad syntes av naturprodukts- baserade tensider. Den omfattar också studier av de framställda tensiderna; dels som antioxidanter i oljor, dels som tensider för att öka lösligheten av läkemedel. Omättade fettsyraestrar av askorbinsyra framställdes genom katalys med Candida antarctica lipas B i t-amylalkohol och i joniska vätskor. Höga utbyten av askorbyloleat erhölls i en jonisk vätska som formgivits för att öka lösligheten av fettsyran, när reaktionen kördes under vakuum. Vi fann att askorbyloleat är amorft och att det är en bättre antioxidant än askorbylpalmitat i rapsolja. Polyetylenglykol (PEG)-stearat, PEG -hydroxystearat och en rad PEG -acyloxy-stearater framställdes i en vakuumdriven och lösningsmedels- fri uppställning med lipas B från C. -
Application of Simultaneous Oil Extraction and Transesterification in Biodiesel Fuel Synthesis: a Review
energies Review Application of Simultaneous Oil Extraction and Transesterification in Biodiesel Fuel Synthesis: A Review Violeta Makareviciene * , Egle Sendzikiene and Milda Gumbyte Faculty of Forest Sciences and Ecology, Agriculture Academy, Vytautas Magnus University, LT-44248 Kaunas, Lithuania; [email protected] (E.S.); [email protected] (M.G.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 7 April 2020; Accepted: 28 April 2020; Published: 2 May 2020 Abstract: Increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are leading to increased production and use of biofuels. The industrial development of biodiesel production and the use of biodiesel in the EU transport sector have been ongoing for almost two decades. Compared to mineral diesel production, the process of producing biodiesel is quite complex and expensive, and the search for new raw materials and advanced technologies is needed to maintain production value and expand the industrial production of biodiesel. The purpose of this article is to review the application possibilities of one of the new technologies—simultaneous extraction of oil from oily feedstock and transesterification (in situ)—and to evaluate the effectiveness of the abovementioned process under various conditions. Keywords: biodiesel; in situ; simultaneous oil extraction and transesterification 1. Introduction With the increase in atmospheric pollution in the form of greenhouse gases, the development of the use of biofuels in the transport sector is receiving increasing attention. Biodiesel is a well-known type of biofuel that has been used for a relatively long time. It is produced from various oily raw materials. Recently, the possibilities of utilizing non-food raw materials and residual waste in the synthesis of biodiesel have been intensively studied. -
Comparative Study on Properties of Methyl Ester of Cotton Seed Oil and Methyl Ester of Mango Seed Oil with Diesel by K
Global Journal of Researches in Engineering: B Automotive Engineering Volume 14 Issue 2 Version 1.0 Year 2014 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA) Online ISSN: 2249-4596 & Print ISSN: 0975-5861 Comparative Study on Properties of Methyl Ester of Cotton Seed Oil and Methyl Ester of Mango Seed Oil with Diesel By K. Vijayaraj & A. P. Sathiyagnanam Annamalai University, India Abstract- The use of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), often referred to as biodiesel, instead of fossil diesel fuel is under consideration in order to increase the share of fuels from renewable sources and to reduce green house gas emissions. An alternative fuel must be technically feasible, economically competitive, environmentally acceptable and easily available. Fatty acid methyl esters have found to befit all these essential qualities. Fatty acid methyl esters derived from various vegetable oils / animal fats have gained importance as an alternative fuel for diesel engines and almost no modifications are required for using biodiesel. The research on alternative fuels for compression engine has become essential due to depletion of petroleum products and its major contribution for pollution, where vegetable oil promises best alternative fuel. Vegetable oils, due to their agricultural origin are able to reduce net CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. But the major disadvantage of vegetable oil is its viscosity which is higher than diesel. In this study, the Methyl Ester of Cotton Seed oil (MECSO) and Methyl Ester of Mango Seed oil (MEMSO) from non-edible oils of Cotton seed oil and Mango seed oil are prepared, their properties are compared in order to meet EN 14214/ASTM D6751 Standards for biodiesel and with the standards of diesel fuel. -
Reactive Distillation for Cosmetic Ingredients : an Alternative for the Production of Isopropyl Myristate?
Reactive distillation for cosmetic ingredients : an alternative for the production of isopropyl myristate? Citation for published version (APA): Jong, de, M. C. (2010). Reactive distillation for cosmetic ingredients : an alternative for the production of isopropyl myristate?. Technische Universiteit Eindhoven. https://doi.org/10.6100/IR674097 DOI: 10.6100/IR674097 Document status and date: Published: 01/01/2010 Document Version: Publisher’s PDF, also known as Version of Record (includes final page, issue and volume numbers) Please check the document version of this publication: • A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. -
Epoxidation of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Derived from Algae Biomass to Develop Sustainable Bio-Based Epoxy Resins
polymers Article Epoxidation of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Derived from Algae Biomass to Develop Sustainable Bio-Based Epoxy Resins Pamela Hidalgo 1,*, Simona Álvarez 1, Renato Hunter 2 and Alejandra Sánchez 1 1 Department of Industrial Processes, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile; [email protected] (S.Á.); [email protected] (A.S.) 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 4811230, Chile; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +56-45-222-5672 Received: 15 June 2020; Accepted: 7 September 2020; Published: 10 October 2020 Abstract: The objective of this research was to investigate the development of epoxides from Chlorella vulgaris lipids to obtain a novel bio-based resin. The process involved the production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) by in situ transesterification of microalgal biomass, followed by epoxidation of the FAMEs to obtain bioresin. During the FAME production process, an assessment was made of the main factors affecting the production of unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (UFAMEs), such as catalyst dosage and methanol:hexane volume ratio. For step epoxidation, an evaluation of the catalyst concentration, temperature and formic acid:hydrogen peroxide ratio was made. From the results obtained, UFAME production was maximized using 20 wt% of catalyst dosage and a volume ratio of 1:2 (v/v, methanol:hexane). Then, in the epoxidation stage, a higher yield was obtained using 1 wt% of catalyst with a volume ratio of 1:1 and maintaining a temperature of 70 ◦C. The bioresin was blended with neat epoxy resin (DGEBA) and cured with tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA). -
Characterization of Lactose Fatty Acid Esters for Their Microbial Growth Inhibitory Activity and Emulsification Properties
Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 5-2018 Characterization of Lactose Fatty Acid Esters for their Microbial Growth Inhibitory Activity and Emulsification Properties Seung-Min Lee Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the Food Science Commons, and the Nutrition Commons Recommended Citation Lee, Seung-Min, "Characterization of Lactose Fatty Acid Esters for their Microbial Growth Inhibitory Activity and Emulsification Properties" (2018). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 7030. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7030 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. i CHARACTERIZATION OF LACTOSE FATTY ACID ESTERS FOR THEIR MICROBIAL GROWTH INHIBITORY ACTIVITY AND EMULSIFICATION PROPERTIES by Seung-Min Lee A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Nutrition and Food Sciences Approved: ____________________________ ____________________________ Marie K. Walsh, Ph.D. Brian A. Nummer, Ph.D. Major Professor Committee Member ___________________________ ____________________________ Silvana Martini, Ph.D. Jon Y. Takemoto, Ph.D. Committee Member Committee Member ____________________________ ____________________________ Cheng-Wei Tom Chang, Ph.D. Mark R. McLellan, Ph.D. Committee Member Vice President for Research and Dean of the School of Graduate Studies UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, Utah 2018 ii Copyright © Seung-Min Lee 2018 All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Characterization of Lactose Fatty Acid Esters for their Microbial Growth Inhibitory Activity and Emulsification Properties by Seung-Min Lee, Doctor of Philosophy Utah State University, 2018 Major Professor: Dr. -
United States Patent (19) (11) Patent Number: 4,960,602 Talkington Et Al
United States Patent (19) (11) Patent Number: 4,960,602 Talkington et al. 45) Date of Patent: Oct. 2, 1990 (54 FOOD OR BEVERAGE COMPOSITIONS 4,880,657 11/1989 Guffey et al. WITH ALTERED FLAVORED DISPLAY FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS 75 Inventors: Sherry R. Talkington, Florence, Ky.; 0287157 10/1988 European Pat. Off. Susan S. Abe, Mason; Marko D. 0290065. 1 1/1988 European Pat. Off. Mijac, Cincinnati, both of Ohio 0311154 4/1989 European Pat. Off. 73 Assignee: The Procter & Gamble Company, OTHER PUBLICATIONS Cincinnati, Ohio Mattson et al., "The Effect of a Non-Absorbable Fat . (21) Appl. No.: 374,430 ... ', J. Nutrition 109, #10, pp. 1688-1693, (Oct. 1979). 22 Filed: Jun. 30, 1989 Mattson et al., "The Effect of a Nonabsorbable Lipid. ... ', J. Nutrition 106, #6, pp. 747-752, (Jun. 1976). Related U.S. Application Data Fallat et al., "Short Term Study of Sucrose Polyester. ... ', Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 29, pp. 1204-1215, (Nov. 1976). (63) Continuation of Ser. No. 175,406, Apr. 13, 1988, aban doned, which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. Primary Examiner-Donald E. Czaja 47,367, May 6, 1987, abandoned. Assistant Examiner-Evan Federman (51 Int. Cl. ............................................... A23D 9/00 Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Gary M. Sutter; Ronald L. (52) U.S. C. .................................... 426/534; 426/590; Hemingway; Richard C. Witte 426/601; 426/607; 426/611; 426/804 57 ABSTRACT (58 Field of Search ............... 426/601, 607, 613, 534, 426/549,580, 589, 590, 602, 603, 613, 615,804, The present invention relates to food or beverage com 611 positions having an altered flavor display. -
FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester)
SAFETY DATA SHEET according to Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 (REACH) Revision date: 10-Jan-2018 Print date: 10-Jan-2018 Version: 4 Page 1/11 FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) SECTION 1: Identification of the substance/mixture and of the company/ undertaking 1.1. Product identifier Trade name/designation: FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Other means of identification: Biodiesel, RME CAS No.: REACH No.: 68990-52-3 01-2119485821-32-0035 EC No.: 273-606-8 1.2. Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against Use of the substance/mixture: Fuel, fuel component, solvent, carrier liquid for additives Relevant identified uses: Sector of uses [SU] SU 1: Agriculture, forestry, fishery SU 2a: Mining (without offshore industries) SU 2b: Offshore industries SU 5: Manufacture of textiles, leather, fur SU 6a: Manufacture of wood and wood products SU 6b: Manufacture of pulp, paper and paper products SU 7: Printing and reproduction of recorded media SU 8: Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products) SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals SU 11: Manufacture of rubber products SU 12: Manufacture of plastics products, including compounding and conversion SU 13: Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products, e.g. plasters, cement SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment SU 18: Manufacture of furniture Product Categories [PC] PC 1: Adhesives, sealants PC 2: Adsorbents PC 3: Air care products PC 7: Base metals and alloys PC 9a: Coatings and paints, thinners, paint removers PC 9b: Fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay PC 9c: Finger paints PC 11: Explosives PC 12: Fertilizers PC 13: Fuels PC 14: Metal surface treatment products PC 15: Non-metal surface treatment products PC 16: Heat transfer fluids PC 17: Hydraulic fluids Issued by AGQM Biodiesel e.V. -
Castor Oil Fatty Acid and Glycerol –– Oleic Acid Esters, As Emulsifier and Antibacterial Agent, Using Candida Rugosa Lipase
Synthesis of Glycerol –– Castor Oil Fatty Acid and Glycerol –– Oleic Acid Esters, as Emulsifier and Antibacterial Agent, Using Candida rugosa Lipase Elmira Vania Denada1, Sri Handayani1 Sumi Hudiyono1 and Siswati Setiasih1 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia Keywords: Castor Oil, Glycerol, castor oil fatty acid, ester, oleic, emulsifier, antibacterial, Candida rugosa Abstract: The research’s objective is to synthesize glycerol – castor oil fatty acid and glycerol oleic acid esters using Candida rugosa lipase in n-hexane. Molar fatty acid to glycerol ratio that used in esterification varied from 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4. The ester products then being analysed by using FTIR. The spectra for glycerol-castor oil fatty acid ester and glycerol-oleic acid absorption peak at wave number 1735.37 cm-1 and 1748.25 cm-1 respectively, which indicate the existence of C=O ester groups. Conversion percentage in esterification was conducted using titrimetric method. The highest conversion percentage was reached at the molar ratio 1:4 with the value of 92.4% respectively for glycerol-castor oil fatty acid and 86.2% for glycerol oleic ester. Emulsifier test was performed to observe the stability and the type of emulsion, using ester product as emulsifier. The properties of the emulsifier in both esters are obtained by type of water in oil. Antimicrobial assay were also conducted for both esterification product using disc diffusion method against Propionibacterium acne and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The antimicrobial assay showed that glycerol- castor oil fatty acid esters has antimicrobial activity, but glycerol-oleic esters did not show the antimicrobial activity.