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Comparative Study on Properties of Methyl Ester of Cotton Seed Oil and Methyl Ester of Mango Seed Oil with Diesel by K

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Comparative Study on Properties of Methyl Ester of Cotton Seed Oil and Methyl Ester of Mango Seed Oil with Diesel by K Global Journal of Researches in Engineering: B Automotive Engineering Volume 14 Issue 2 Version 1.0 Year 2014 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA) Online ISSN: 2249-4596 & Print ISSN: 0975-5861 Comparative Study on Properties of Methyl Ester of Cotton Seed Oil and Methyl Ester of Mango Seed Oil with Diesel By K. Vijayaraj & A. P. Sathiyagnanam Annamalai University, India Abstract- The use of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), often referred to as biodiesel, instead of fossil diesel fuel is under consideration in order to increase the share of fuels from renewable sources and to reduce green house gas emissions. An alternative fuel must be technically feasible, economically competitive, environmentally acceptable and easily available. Fatty acid methyl esters have found to befit all these essential qualities. Fatty acid methyl esters derived from various vegetable oils / animal fats have gained importance as an alternative fuel for diesel engines and almost no modifications are required for using biodiesel. The research on alternative fuels for compression engine has become essential due to depletion of petroleum products and its major contribution for pollution, where vegetable oil promises best alternative fuel. Vegetable oils, due to their agricultural origin are able to reduce net CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. But the major disadvantage of vegetable oil is its viscosity which is higher than diesel. In this study, the Methyl Ester of Cotton Seed oil (MECSO) and Methyl Ester of Mango Seed oil (MEMSO) from non-edible oils of Cotton seed oil and Mango seed oil are prepared, their properties are compared in order to meet EN 14214/ASTM D6751 Standards for biodiesel and with the standards of diesel fuel. Keywords: biodiesel, methyl ester of cotton seed oil, methyl ester of mango seed oil, properties, fatty acids, diesel engine. GJRE-B Classification : FOR Code: 090202, 090299 ComparativeStudyonPropertiesofMethylEste rofCottonSee dOilandMeth ylEsterofMangoSeedOilwithDiesel Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of : © 2014. K. Vijayaraj & A. P. Sathiyagnanam. This is a research/review paper, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), permitting all non commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Comparative Study on Properties of Methyl Ester of Cotton Seed Oil and Methyl Ester of Mango Seed Oil with Diesel K. Vijayaraj α & A. P. Sathiyagnanam σ Abstract- The use of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), often referred to as biodiesel, instead of fossil diesel fuel is under I. Introduction consideration in order to increase the share of fuels from 2014 renewable sources and to reduce green house gas emissions. iodiesel is a domestically produced renewable An alternative fuel must be technically feasible, economically fuel capable of strengthening India’s energy Year security by reducing dependence on imported oil. competitive, environmentally acceptable and easily available. B Fatty acid methyl esters have found to befit all these essential The use of vegetable oil as a fuel for the compression 15 qualities. Fatty acid methyl esters derived from various engine is not a new idea. Rudolph Diesel used peanut vegetable oils / animal fats have gained importance as an oil to fuel the diesel engine during late 1800’s.Petroleum alternative fuel for diesel engines and almost no modifications based diesel fuel has been the fuel of choice for the are required for using biodiesel. The research on alternative diesel engine for many years due to abundant supply fuels for compression engine has become essential due to and low fuel prices. As long as the demand and cost of depletion of petroleum products and its major contribution for pollution, where vegetable oil promises best alternative fuel. petroleum based fuel is growing rapidly and the present Vegetable oils, due to their agricultural origin are able to consumption pattern continues, these sources will be depleted in the near future. Time is needed to explore reduce net CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. But the major disadvantage of vegetable oil is its viscosity which is higher alternative sources of fuel energy. It has been found that than diesel. In this study, the Methyl Ester of Cotton Seed oil the vegetable oils are promising fuels because their (MECSO) and Methyl Ester of Mango Seed oil (MEMSO) from properties are similar to that of diesel and are produced non-edible oils of Cotton seed oil and Mango seed oil are easily and renewably from crops. prepared, their properties are compared in order to meet EN I II Version XIV Issue olume Conventional biodiesel mainly comes from V 14214/ASTM D6751 Standards for biodiesel and with the edible and non-edible oils. Vegetable oil contains 98% ) standards of diesel fuel. B triglycerides, having chemical structures as shown in ( Keywords: biodiesel, methyl ester of cotton seed oil, below, small amounts of mono and diglyceride can also methyl ester of mango seed oil, properties, fatty acids, be present [1]. diesel engine. Researches in Engineering In most of the developed countries, biodiesel is oil. Further non-edible oil crops grow in the waste lands produced from soya bean, rapeseed, sun flower, that are not suitable for cultivation. The cost of peanut, etc, which are essentially edible in Indian cultivation is much lower because these crops can still context. Among the various vegetable oil sources, non- sustain reasonably oils that contain high free fatty acids. of Journal lobal edible oils are suitable for biodiesel production, because Among the non-edible oil sources, Jatropha, Karajan, G edible oils are already in demand and too expensive Mahua, Neem, Cotton seed, Mango seed, Rice bran, than diesel fuel. Many researchers are focused on non- etc., are identified as potential biodiesel source edible oil which is not suitable for human consumption comparing with other sources, which has added due to the presence of toxic components present in the advantages as rapid growth, higher seed productivity, suitable for tropical and subtropical region of the world Author α: Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, [2]. Annamalai University, Tamilnadu, India. Biodiesel is a chemically modified alternative e-mail: [email protected] Author : Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, fuel for use in diesel engines, derived from vegetable σ Annamalai University, Tamilnadu, India. oils and animal fats. Biodiesel is produced commercially ©2014 Global Journals Inc. (US) Comparative Study on Properties of Methyl Ester of Cotton Seed Oil and Methyl Ester of Mango Seed Oil with Diesel by the transesterification of vegetable oils with alcohol. known that biodiesel fuel gives higher oxides of nitrogen Methanol or ethanol is the commonly used alcohols for (NOx) or lower while HC, CO and PM emissions are this process. The direct use of alcohols as fuel causes essentially lower than that of diesel fuel [3]. corrosion of various parts in the engine, but the II. iodiesel tandards transesterification process solves this problem. In India, B S non-edible type oil yielding trees such as Linseed Oil companies and vehicle manufacturers are ,Castor, Karajan, Neem, Rubber, Jatropha, Kusum, actively working with biofuel extender producers to have Cotton, Mango and Cashew are available in large agreed standards for transesterified vegetable oils number. The production and utilization of these oils are suitable for blending with conventional diesel to ensure low at present because of their limited end usage. that the product meets the technical requirements of Utilization of these oils / biodiesel as fuels in diesel modern diesel engines. The minimum requirements for engines are not only reduces the diesel usage, but also biodiesel blend extenders are specified in ASTM D6751 improves the rural economy. in USA and EN 14214 within Europe. 2014 Different biodiesels derived from different The regular mineral diesel is subject to the EN sources have been tested in diesel engines for several 590 standard and in 1997 the European Committee for Year years. All these biodiesels perform differently in diesel standardization was given the task to develop a uniform 16 engine in terms of performance, emissions and standard for fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and the combustion. Because the physical and chemical result was the EN 14214 specification. The introduction properties of biodiesel derived from different sources of this standard in 2004 is valid for all member states of are not the same, those properties have strong relation the European Union. EN 590 and ASTM D975 fuel with the fatty acid composition of biodiesel. The specifications for petroleum based automotive diesel structure of the fatty acid compounds can also affect fuel currently a biofuel extender content up to 5% by other properties of biodiesel such as density, cetane volume (B5) or in US up to 20% by volume (B20), which number, heating value and low temperature properties. if meets may not affect the vehicle manufacturer’s sue II Version I II Version sue Several researchers have observed that the exhaust warranty. The table given below lists the EN 14214 and emissions are affected by the use of biodiesel. It is ASTM D6751 standard particulars to biodiesel [4]. Table 1 : Properties of biodiesel as per EN 14214/ASTM D6751 standards olume XIV Is olume V ) B Requirement by the Standard ( S.No Property EN14214 ASTM D6751 1. Specific gravity - 0.86 – 0.9 2. Kinematic viscosity 3.5 – 5.0 1.9 – 6.0 3. Flash point > 101 > 130 4. Fire point - - 5. Cloud point Report to customer -3 to 12 Researches in Engineering 6. Pour point - -15 to 10 7. Density 860 - 900 870 - 900 8. Calorific value - 35,000 9. Cetane Number 51 48- 65 lobal Journal of Journal lobal G methyl ester of cotton seed oil / methyl ester of mango III. Preparation of Biodiesel seed oil (Biodiesel) and a by product of glycerol.
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