DOCSLIB.ORG

Analysis and Identification of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Composition (Biodiesel) in Various Vegetable Oils

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Analysis and Identification of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Composition (Biodiesel) in Various Vegetable Oils EXPERIMENTAL NOTES Clarus™600 C GC-MS GC-PETRO-002 Author Dileep Kumar Mamidala Application Specialist – Chromatography Centre of Excellence for Analytical Sciences PerkinElmer (India) Pvt. Ltd. Hyderabad – 500 081 India. Email: application.india @perkinelmer.com Analysis and Identifi cation of Fatt y Acid Methyl Ester Composition in Diff erent Vegetable Oil (Biodiesel) Source Using Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry Abstract Vegetable oils have been attracted attention has a potential renewable source for the production of an alternative for-petroleum based diesel fuel. Various products obtained from vegetable oils have been proposed as an alternative fuel for diesel engines, including neat vegetable oil, mixtures of vegetable oil with petroleum diesel fuel and alcohol esters of vegetable oils. Out of which Alcohol esters of vegetable oils appear to be the most promising alternative. Vegetable oils are triglycerides (glycerin esters) of fatty acids and alcohol esters of fatty acids have been prepared by the transesterification of the glycerides, wherein linear, monohydroxy alcohols reacts with the vegetable oils in the presence of catalyst to produce alcohol esters of vegetable oil. The alcohol esters of vegetable oil when used as an alternative diesel fuel have been identified as a biodiesel. This experimental note demonstrates the analytical capability of PerkinElmer Clarus™ 600C GC-MS for the analysis and identification of fatty acid methyl ester composition (Biodiesel) in various vegetable oils. Preparation of biodiesel Transesterification: Weighed about 250 g of Kusum oil, Palash oil, Mehwa oil and Thumba oil and transferred in to individual 100 mL conical flasks. Weigh about 2.5 g of Potassium Hydroxide (1% by weight of the oil) and dissolve it in 72 g anhydrous methanol. Completely dissolve the KOH in methanol, apply heat if required. transfer the resulting solution slowly to the sample in a conical flask with Analytical results & discussion stirring. After complete transfer of KOH solution in methanol Biodiesel samples were analyzed using PerkinElmer Clarus™ 600 continue the stirring for 120 minutes to complete the reaction. C GC-MS in total scan mode to identify the fatty acid methyl ester After completion of the reaction time pipette out and transfer composition in different vegetable oil sources with the help of approximately 8-10 mL of reaction mixture to 15mL test tube NIST library. The samples were analyzed and the composition of and keep it for phase separation. fatty acid methyl esters was identified were as follows. Phase separation and washing: After 120 minutes of reaction time, the reaction was stopped and reaction mixture was allowed to stand overnight while the phase separations occurred in different reaction mixtures in individual flasks. The ester phase was decanted from the mixture and transferred to glass column for further washing to remove the any traces of methanolic KOH solution. Fig 1. Total ion chromatogram of Palash Fig 2. Total ion chromatogram of Excess alcohol and residual catalyst were washed from the ester biodiesel. 1. Caprylic acid methyl Mehwa biodiesel. 1. Caprylic acid ester, 2. Myristic acid, methyl ester, methyl ester, 2. Myristic acid, methyl with water. The ester phase was placed in a glass column 1.26 cm 3. Palmitoleic acid, methyl ester, 4. ester, 3. Palmitic acid, methyl ester, 4. in diameter and 100 cm in length. Water was sprayed into the top Palmitic acid, methyl ester, 5. Margaric Margaric acid, methyl ester, 5. Linoleic acid, methyl ester, 6. Linoleic acid, acid, methyl ester, 6. Oleic acid, methyl of the column at a low velocity. The excess alcohol and catalyst methyl ester, 7. Oleic acid, methyl ester, 7. Stearic acid, methyl ester, 8. were removed by the water as it percolated through the column. ester, 8. Stearic acid, methyl ester, 11-Eicosenoic acid, methyl ester, 9. During the washing, some of the ester formed an emulsion with 9. 11-Eicosenoic acid, methyl ester, Arachidic acid, methyl ester, 10. Behenic 10. Arachidic acid, methyl ester, 11. acid, methyl ester, 11. Lignoseric acid, the water; a time of 24-48 hours was required for the water Heneicosanoic acid, methyl ester, 12. methyl ester, 12. Pentacosanoic acid, phase containing alcohol, catalyst, and emulsified ester to settle 13-Docosenoic acid, methyl ester, methyl ester, 13. Cerotic acid, methyl 13. Behenic acid, methyl ester, 14. ester. and the ester phase to become clear. Tricosanoic acid, methyl ester, 15. Lignoseric acid, methyl ester, 16. Sample preparation and analysis: Pentacosanoic acid, methyl ester, 17. Cerotic acid, methyl ester. Weigh 25 mg of the ester phases of different oils and dissolve it in 0.5 mL of n-heptane. The resulting sample solution is filled in GC auto sampler vial and injected in GC/MS to analyze and identify the fatty acid methyl ester composition in different types of vegetable oils. Instrumental Conditions: Clarus™ 680 GC Optimized Experimental Conditions Fig 3. Total ion chromatogram of Kusum Fig 4. Total ion chromatogram of Column Elite-5MS, 30m x 0.25mm x 0.25um biodiesel. 1. Palmitoleic acid, methyl Th umba biodiesel. 1. Caprylic acid ester, 2. Palmitic acid, methyl ester, 3. methyl ester, 2.Azelaaldehydic acid, Injector temperature 220 °C Linoleic acid, methyl ester, 4. Oleic acid, methyl ester, 3. Myristic acid, methyl Carrier gas Helium methyl ester, 5. Stearic acid, methyl ester, 4. Pentadecanoic acid, methyl ester, 6. 11-Eicosenoic acid, methyl ester, 5. Palmitoleic acid, methyl ester, 6. Carrier gas fl ow 0.2 mL/min ester, 7. Cis-11-Eicosenoic acid, methyl Palmitic acid, methyl ester, 7. Margaric Split ratio 50:1 ester, 8. Arachidic acid, methyl ester, 9. acid, methyl ester, 8. Linoleic acid, Heneicosanoic acid, methyl ester, 10. methyl ester, 9. Oleic acid, methyl Oven Programme 35 °C hold for 10 min 13-Docosenoic acid, methyl ester, 11. ester, 10. Stearic acid, methyl ester, 10 °C/min 200 °C hold for 10 min Methyl 11-docosenate, 12. Behenic acid, 11. 13-Docosenoic acid, methyl ester, Total run time 36.5 min methyl ester, 13. Lignoseric acid, methyl 12. Behenic acid, methyl ester, 13. ester. Lignoseric acid, methyl ester. Diluent n-Heptane Injection volume 0.1 ul Conclusions Clarus™ 600 C MS Parameters This experimental result confirms the effectiveness of the Ionization source EI analysis procedure and also demonstrated the capability of Electron energy 70 eV PerkinElmer Clarus™ 600 C GC-MS to identify the fatty acid Source temperature 200 °C methyl ester composition (biodiesel) in different types of Transfer line temp 200 °C vegetable oil sources. Multiplier (V) 366 V Ion energy 1.5 V Scan range 10-600 m/z.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Catalyst in Basic Oleochemicals
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Diponegoro University Institutional Repository Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 2(2-3), 2007, 22-31 Catalyst in Basic Oleochemicals Eva Suyenty, Herlina Sentosa, Mariani Agustine, Sandy Anwar, Abun Lie, and Erwin Sutanto * Research and Development Department, PT. Ecogreen Oleochemicals Jln. Pelabuhan Kav 1, Kabil, Batam 29435, Telp/Fax: (0778)711374 Presented at Symposium and Congress of MKICS 2007, 18-19 April 2007, Semarang, Indonesia Abstract Currently Indonesia is the world largest palm oil producer with production volume reaching 16 million tones per annum. The high crude oil and ethylene prices in the last 3 – 4 years contribute to the healthy demand growth for basic oleochemicals: fatty acids and fatty alcohols. Oleochemicals are starting to replace crude oil derived products in various applications. As widely practiced in petrochemical industry, catalyst plays a very important role in the production of basic oleochemicals. Catalytic reactions are abound in the production of oleochemicals: Nickel based catalysts are used in the hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty ac- ids; sodium methylate catalyst in the transesterification of triglycerides; sulfonic based polystyrene resin catalyst in esterification of fatty acids; and copper chromite/copper zinc catalyst in the high pressure hydro- genation of methyl esters or fatty acids to produce fatty alcohols. To maintain long catalyst life, it is crucial to ensure the absence of catalyst poisons and inhibitors in the feed. The preparation methods of nickel and copper chromite catalysts are as follows: precipitation, filtration, drying, and calcinations. Sodium methy- late is derived from direct reaction of sodium metal and methanol under inert gas.
    [Show full text]
  • Fatty Acids: Essential…Therapeutic
    Volume 3, No.2 May/June 2000 A CONCISE UPDATE OF IMPORTANT ISSUES CONCERNING NATURAL HEALTH INGREDIENTS Written and Edited By: Thomas G. Guilliams Ph.D. FATTY ACIDS: Essential...Therapeutic Few things have been as confusing to both patient and health care provider as the issue of fats and oils. Of all the essential nutrients required for optimal health, fatty acids have not only been forgotten they have been considered hazardous. Health has somehow been equated with “low-fat” or “fat-free” for so long, to suggest that fats could be essential or even therapeutic is to risk credibility. We hope to give a view of fats that is both balanced and scientific. This review will cover the basics of most fats that will be encountered in dietary or supplemental protocols. Recommendations to view essential fatty acids in a similar fashion as essential vitamins and minerals will be combined with therapeutic protocols for conditions ranging from cardiovascular disease, skin conditions, diabetes, nerve related disorders, retinal disorders and more. A complete restoration of health cannot be accomplished until there is a restoration of fatty acid nutritional information among health care professionals and their patients. Fats- What are they? Dietary fats come to us from a variety of sources, but primarily in the form of triglycerides. That is, three fatty acid molecules connected by a glycerol backbone (see fatty acid primer page 3 for diagram). These fatty acids are then used as energy by our cells or modified into phospholipids to be used as cell or organelle membranes. Some fatty acids are used in lipoprotein molecules to shuttle cholesterol and fats to and from cells, and fats may also be stored for later use.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of the Fatty Acid Composition of Nannochloropsis
    Characterization of the Fatty Acid Composition of Nannochloropsis salina as a Determinant of Biodiesel Properties Nagwa Gamal-ElDin Mohammady Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Moharam Bey 21511, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt. Fax: +203 3911 794. E-mail: [email protected] Z. Naturforsch. 66 c, 328 – 332 (2011); received November 21, 2010/March 27, 2011 Nannochloropsis salina was cultured batch-wise to evaluate the potential of the alga to produce biodiesel. The cells were harvested at the end of the exponential growth phase when the concentration was 18 · 106 cells/mL culture. The growth estimated as dry weight from this cell number was (3.8 0.7) mg/L. The lipid and triglyceride contents were 40% and 12% on a dry weight basis, respectively. The amount of the ratio triglycerides/total lipids was approximately 0.3. The composition of triglyceride fatty acid methyl esters (biodiesel) was analysed by gas- liquid chromatography and identifi ed as: C14:0, C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3, C20:1, and C20:5. The ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acid contents was approximate- ly 4.4. Additionally, the characterization of each individual fatty acid ester was discussed with regard to the fuel properties of biodiesel produced by the alga. Key words: Biodiesel, Lipids, Nannochloropsis salina Introduction Depending on species, many microalgae have been described as lipid-rich strains for their hy- The use of biofuels can play an important role drocarbons and other complex oils. However, not in avoiding excessive dependence on fossil fu- all algal oils are satisfactory for the production els and reducing pollution by greenhouse gases of biodiesel (Guschina and Harwood, 2006), due emission (Gouveia and Oliveira, 2009).
    [Show full text]
  • Relationship Between Dietary Intake of Fatty Acids and Disease Activity in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients
    Relationship between Dietary Intake of Fatty Acids and Disease Activity in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients A thesis submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Cincinnati in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Department of Nutrition of the College of Allied Health Sciences by Michael R. Ciresi B.S. The Ohio State University June 2008 Committee Chair: Grace Falciglia, Ph.D. Abstract Background. Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), collectively known as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), are chronic illnesses that affect predominately the gastrointestinal tract. The pathogenesis and etiology remain unclear but the importance of environmental factors, in particular diet, is evidenced by the increased incidence rates of the recent decades that genetic inheritance cannot account for. In particular, the quantity of fatty acid consumption has been consistently linked with IBD risk. While several studies have investigated the connections between diet, etiology, signs and symptoms associated with IBD, very few have explored the relationship between disease state and specific fatty acid intake in the pediatric IBD population. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, 100 pediatric patients from Cincinnati Children’s Hospital and the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto with diagnosed IBD (73 with Crohn’s disease (CD) and 27 with ulcerative colitis (UC)) were included. Three-day diet records were collected from the patients for the assessment of their dietary intake. The abbreviated Pediatric Crohn’s Disease Activity Index (PCDAI), the abbreviated Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index (PUCAI), and markers of inflammation (lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) and S100A12) were used to assess disease severity.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,187,615 B2 Friedman (45) Date of Patent: May 29, 2012
    US008187615B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,187,615 B2 Friedman (45) Date of Patent: May 29, 2012 (54) NON-AQUEOUS COMPOSITIONS FOR ORAL 6,054,136 A 4/2000 Farah et al. DELIVERY OF INSOLUBLE BOACTIVE 6,140,375 A 10/2000 Nagahama et al. AGENTS 2003/O149061 A1* 8/2003 Nishihara et al. .......... 514,266.3 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (76) Inventor: Doron Friedman, Karme-Yosef (IL) GB 2222770 A 3, 1990 JP 2002-121929 5, 1990 (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this WO 96,13273 * 5/1996 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 WO 200056346 A1 9, 2000 U.S.C. 154(b) by 1443 days. OTHER PUBLICATIONS (21) Appl. No.: 10/585,298 Pouton, “Formulation of Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems' Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 25:47-58 (1997). (22) PCT Filed: Dec. 19, 2004 Lawrence and Rees, “Microemulsion-based media as novel drug delivery systems' Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 45:89-121 (86). PCT No.: PCT/L2004/OO1144. (2000). He et al., “Microemulsions as drug delivery systems to improve the S371 (c)(1), solubility and the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs' (2), (4) Date: Jul. 6, 2006 Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 7:445-460 (2010). Prajpati et al. “Effect of differences in Fatty Acid Chain Lengths of (87) PCT Pub. No.: WO2005/065652 Medium-Chain Lipids on Lipid/Surfactant/Water Phase Diagrams PCT Pub. Date: Jul. 21, 2005 and Drug Solubility” J. Excipients and Food Chem, 2:73-88 (2011). (65) Prior Publication Data * cited by examiner US 2007/O190O80 A1 Aug.
    [Show full text]
  • Valorization of Glycerol Through the Enzymatic Synthesis of Acylglycerides with High Nutritional Value
    catalysts Article Valorization of Glycerol through the Enzymatic Synthesis of Acylglycerides with High Nutritional Value Daniel Alberto Sánchez 1,3,* , Gabriela Marta Tonetto 1,3 and María Luján Ferreira 2,3 1 Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina; [email protected] 2 Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina; [email protected] 3 Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química–PLAPIQUI (UNS-CONICET), Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +54-291-4861700 Received: 8 December 2019; Accepted: 1 January 2020; Published: 14 January 2020 Abstract: The production of specific acylglycerides from the selective esterification of glycerol is an attractive alternative for the valorization of this by-product of the biodiesel industry. In this way, products with high added value are generated, increasing the profitability of the overall process and reducing an associated environmental threat. In this work, nutritional and medically interesting glycerides were obtained by enzymatic esterification through a two-stage process. In the first stage, 1,3-dicaprin was obtained by the regioselective esterification of glycerol and capric acid mediated by the commercial biocatalyst Lipozyme RM IM. Under optimal reaction conditions, 73% conversion of fatty acids and 76% selectivity to 1,3-dicaprin was achieved. A new model to explain the participation of lipase in the acyl migration reaction is presented. It evaluates the conditions in the microenvironment of the active site of the enzyme during the formation of the tetrahedral intermediate. In the second stage, the esterification of the sn-2 position of 1,3-dicaprin with palmitic acid was performed using the lipase from Burkholderia cepacia immobilized on chitosan as the biocatalyst.
    [Show full text]
  • Fats and Fatty Acid in Human Nutrition
    ISSN 0254-4725 91 FAO Fats and fatty acids FOOD AND NUTRITION PAPER in human nutrition Report of an expert consultation 91 Fats and fatty acids in human nutrition − Report of an expert consultation Knowledge of the role of fatty acids in determining health and nutritional well-being has expanded dramatically in the past 15 years. In November 2008, an international consultation of experts was convened to consider recent scientific developments, particularly with respect to the role of fatty acids in neonatal and infant growth and development, health maintenance, the prevention of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancers and age-related functional decline. This report will be a useful reference for nutrition scientists, medical researchers, designers of public health interventions and food producers. ISBN 978-92-5-106733-8 ISSN 0254-4725 9 7 8 9 2 5 1 0 6 7 3 3 8 Food and Agriculture I1953E/1/11.10 Organization of FAO the United Nations FAO Fats and fatty acids FOOD AND NUTRITION in human nutrition PAPER Report of an expert consultation 91 10 − 14 November 2008 Geneva FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2010 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Study on Properties of Methyl Ester of Cotton Seed Oil and Methyl Ester of Mango Seed Oil with Diesel by K
    Global Journal of Researches in Engineering: B Automotive Engineering Volume 14 Issue 2 Version 1.0 Year 2014 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA) Online ISSN: 2249-4596 & Print ISSN: 0975-5861 Comparative Study on Properties of Methyl Ester of Cotton Seed Oil and Methyl Ester of Mango Seed Oil with Diesel By K. Vijayaraj & A. P. Sathiyagnanam Annamalai University, India Abstract- The use of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), often referred to as biodiesel, instead of fossil diesel fuel is under consideration in order to increase the share of fuels from renewable sources and to reduce green house gas emissions. An alternative fuel must be technically feasible, economically competitive, environmentally acceptable and easily available. Fatty acid methyl esters have found to befit all these essential qualities. Fatty acid methyl esters derived from various vegetable oils / animal fats have gained importance as an alternative fuel for diesel engines and almost no modifications are required for using biodiesel. The research on alternative fuels for compression engine has become essential due to depletion of petroleum products and its major contribution for pollution, where vegetable oil promises best alternative fuel. Vegetable oils, due to their agricultural origin are able to reduce net CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. But the major disadvantage of vegetable oil is its viscosity which is higher than diesel. In this study, the Methyl Ester of Cotton Seed oil (MECSO) and Methyl Ester of Mango Seed oil (MEMSO) from non-edible oils of Cotton seed oil and Mango seed oil are prepared, their properties are compared in order to meet EN 14214/ASTM D6751 Standards for biodiesel and with the standards of diesel fuel.
    [Show full text]
  • Medium-Chain Fatty Acids and Monoglycerides As Feed Additives for Pig Production: Towards Gut Health Improvement and Feed Pathogen Mitigation Joshua A
    Jackman et al. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology (2020) 11:44 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-020-00446-1 REVIEW Open Access Medium-chain fatty acids and monoglycerides as feed additives for pig production: towards gut health improvement and feed pathogen mitigation Joshua A. Jackman1*, R. Dean Boyd2,3 and Charles C. Elrod4,5* Abstract Ongoing challenges in the swine industry, such as reduced access to antibiotics and virus outbreaks (e.g., porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, African swine fever virus), have prompted calls for innovative feed additives to support pig production. Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and monoglycerides have emerged as a potential option due to key molecular features and versatile functions, including inhibitory activity against viral and bacterial pathogens. In this review, we summarize recent studies examining the potential of MCFAs and monoglycerides as feed additives to improve pig gut health and to mitigate feed pathogens. The molecular properties and biological functions of MCFAs and monoglycerides are first introduced along with an overview of intervention needs at different stages of pig production. The latest progress in testing MCFAs and monoglycerides as feed additives in pig diets is then presented, and their effects on a wide range of production issues, such as growth performance, pathogenic infections, and gut health, are covered. The utilization of MCFAs and monoglycerides together with other feed additives such as organic acids and probiotics is also described, along with advances in molecular encapsulation and delivery strategies. Finally, we discuss how MCFAs and monoglycerides demonstrate potential for feed pathogen mitigation to curb disease transmission. Looking forward, we envision that MCFAs and monoglycerides may become an important class of feed additives in pig production for gut health improvement and feed pathogen mitigation.
    [Show full text]
  • Epoxidation of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Derived from Algae Biomass to Develop Sustainable Bio-Based Epoxy Resins
    polymers Article Epoxidation of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Derived from Algae Biomass to Develop Sustainable Bio-Based Epoxy Resins Pamela Hidalgo 1,*, Simona Álvarez 1, Renato Hunter 2 and Alejandra Sánchez 1 1 Department of Industrial Processes, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile; [email protected] (S.Á.); [email protected] (A.S.) 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 4811230, Chile; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +56-45-222-5672 Received: 15 June 2020; Accepted: 7 September 2020; Published: 10 October 2020 Abstract: The objective of this research was to investigate the development of epoxides from Chlorella vulgaris lipids to obtain a novel bio-based resin. The process involved the production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) by in situ transesterification of microalgal biomass, followed by epoxidation of the FAMEs to obtain bioresin. During the FAME production process, an assessment was made of the main factors affecting the production of unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (UFAMEs), such as catalyst dosage and methanol:hexane volume ratio. For step epoxidation, an evaluation of the catalyst concentration, temperature and formic acid:hydrogen peroxide ratio was made. From the results obtained, UFAME production was maximized using 20 wt% of catalyst dosage and a volume ratio of 1:2 (v/v, methanol:hexane). Then, in the epoxidation stage, a higher yield was obtained using 1 wt% of catalyst with a volume ratio of 1:1 and maintaining a temperature of 70 ◦C. The bioresin was blended with neat epoxy resin (DGEBA) and cured with tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA).
    [Show full text]
  • FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester)
    SAFETY DATA SHEET according to Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 (REACH) Revision date: 10-Jan-2018 Print date: 10-Jan-2018 Version: 4 Page 1/11 FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) SECTION 1: Identification of the substance/mixture and of the company/ undertaking 1.1. Product identifier Trade name/designation: FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Other means of identification: Biodiesel, RME CAS No.: REACH No.: 68990-52-3 01-2119485821-32-0035 EC No.: 273-606-8 1.2. Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against Use of the substance/mixture: Fuel, fuel component, solvent, carrier liquid for additives Relevant identified uses: Sector of uses [SU] SU 1: Agriculture, forestry, fishery SU 2a: Mining (without offshore industries) SU 2b: Offshore industries SU 5: Manufacture of textiles, leather, fur SU 6a: Manufacture of wood and wood products SU 6b: Manufacture of pulp, paper and paper products SU 7: Printing and reproduction of recorded media SU 8: Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products) SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals SU 11: Manufacture of rubber products SU 12: Manufacture of plastics products, including compounding and conversion SU 13: Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products, e.g. plasters, cement SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment SU 18: Manufacture of furniture Product Categories [PC] PC 1: Adhesives, sealants PC 2: Adsorbents PC 3: Air care products PC 7: Base metals and alloys PC 9a: Coatings and paints, thinners, paint removers PC 9b: Fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay PC 9c: Finger paints PC 11: Explosives PC 12: Fertilizers PC 13: Fuels PC 14: Metal surface treatment products PC 15: Non-metal surface treatment products PC 16: Heat transfer fluids PC 17: Hydraulic fluids Issued by AGQM Biodiesel e.V.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical, Nutritional and Antioxidant Characteristics of Different Food
    applied sciences Article Chemical, Nutritional and Antioxidant Characteristics of Different Food Seeds Lacrimioara Senila * , Emilia Neag, Oana Cadar , Melinda Haydee Kovacs, Anca Becze and Marin Senila National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; [email protected] (E.N.); [email protected] (O.C.); [email protected] (M.H.K.); [email protected] (A.B.); [email protected] (M.S.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +40-264-420590 Received: 17 October 2019; Accepted: 25 January 2020; Published: 27 February 2020 Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition of five different food seeds (sunflower, poppy, hemp, flax and sesame) regarding fatty acid, mineral (Fe, Cu, Zn, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Al) and protein content. In addition, the total antioxidant capacity of the seeds was evaluated using the photochemiluminescent assay. The food seeds were subjected to lipid extraction and converted into fatty acid methyl esters before the gas chromatography analysis. In all food seeds, the saturated (SFAs), monounsaturated (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were identified, respectively. PUFAs were the most abundant fatty acids (61.2% 0.07% and 84.8% 0.08% ± ± of total fatty acids), with the highest content in flax and hemp seed oil. Also, high amounts of omega-3 from PUFAs were determined in flax and hempseed oil. Based on the obtained results the sunflower, sesame and poppy seeds are good sources of omega-6, while flax and hemp seeds are good sources of omega-3.
    [Show full text]