Anita Brenner

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Anita Brenner Premio Rabino Jacobo Goldberg 2015 Marcela López Arellano (Aguascalientes, El lector encontrará en esta obra la vida de la mujer que en su México). Es licenciada en Investigación época fue un modelo intelectual, polifacética y conocedora a Educativa por la Universidad Autónoma profundidad de dos culturas en las cuales estuvo inmersa: la de Aguascalientes, maestra en Estudios mexicana y la judía. Fue una mujer cuya presencia resultó Humanísticos/Historia por el Instituto trascendental para la historia del arte mexicano, así como la Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de expresión de su judaísmo arraigado desde su infancia. La autora Monterrey, y doctora en Ciencias Sociales y logra penetrar en el ser y la conciencia de la gran escritora y Humanidades/Historia por la Universidad periodista Anita Brenner, a través de sus documentos personales Autónoma de Aguascalientes. como cartas, diarios y memorias, en cuyas letras se vislumbra la Ha publicado artículos y capítulos de li- visión que tuvo de México a lo largo de su vida. bros sobre la historia de Aguascalientes, historia de mujeres y de género y cultura escrita. Desde el año 2005 colabora sema- Marcela López Arellano fue distinguida con el Premio Rabino nalmente en un programa de radio/TV, en Jacobo Goldberg 2015, otorgado por la Comunidad Ashkenazí, el cual ha difundido sobre todo historia de A.C. de México, categoría Investigación. mujeres. Forma parte del Seminario de Me- moria Ciudadana CIESAS-INAH desde 2013, así como del Seminario de Historia de la Educación de la UAA con reconocimiento del SOMEHI- na escritora judía con México en el corazón DE. En 2016 coordinó, junto con la docto- ANITA BRENNER U Marcela López Arellano ra Yolanda Padilla, el Seminario de Cultura Escrita UAA dirigido a historiadores. Actual- ANITA mente se desempeña como profesora del Departamento de Historia de la Universi- BRENNER dad Autónoma de Aguascalientes. Una escritora judía con México en el corazón Marcela López Arellano ANITA BRENNER: UNA ESCRITORA JUDÍA CON MÉXICO EN EL CORAZÓN ANITA BRENNER: UNA ESCRITORA JUDÍA CON MÉXICO EN EL CORAZÓN Marcela López Arellano Anita Brenner. Una escritora judía con México en el corazón Primera edición 2017 ISBN UAA 978-607-8523-55-9 (Versión electrónica) ISBN UAA 978-607-8523-02-3 (Versión impresa) ISBN CDIJM 978-607-8400-01-0 (Versión impresa) D.R. © Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes Av. Universidad 940 Ciudad Universitaria C.P. 20131, Aguascalientes, Ags. www.uaa.mx/direcciones/dgdv/editorial D.R. © Marcela López Arellano Archivo y fotografías: Harry Ransom Center, The University of Texas at Austin Ilustración de portada: Tavo Montañez Marcela López Arellano fue distinguida con el Premio Rabino Jacobo Goldberg 2015, otorgado por la Comunidad Ashkenazí A.C. de México, categoría Investigación. Hecho en México Made in Mexico A mi madre. A mi hija. A mi tía Elvira López Aparicio. The Jew is everywhere, but astoundingly unpercieved. He is never known as a Judío to Mexicans, and often he is incognito to his own people. Because he likes Mexico and its people he very rapidly identifies himself with it. Nearly all the immigrants succeed even- tually in reaching their Mecca-America. And yet each one returns. He comes back to Mexico from gefüllte fish and synagogues, brin- ging perhaps a Jewish wife, perhaps a new stock of merchandise, a sprinkling of English, and an agglomeration of American ideas. But he makes his home Mexican, and he speaks Spanish, dropping his comfortable Yiddish even within the family. And in a startingly short time he has become part of the country he has adopted. Anita Brenner The Jew in Mexico The Nation, 27 de agosto de 1924 Agradecimientos l tema del judaísmo siempre ha sido de mi interés, por ello te- ner la oportunidad de incursionar en la cultura escrita de una Emujer judía nacida en Aguascalientes, que es mi ciudad natal, seguir sus escritos acerca de su identidad judía e investigar acerca de los inmigrantes judíos en México, pasó de ser una búsqueda in- telectual e histórica a un proyecto académico. Debo decir que un tra- bajo de investigación doctoral no es individual, es un esfuerzo con- junto desde las instituciones, los tutores y lectores que acogieron la tesis, hasta los amigos y profesores que generosamente brindaron sus ideas y lecturas, su material, bibliografía y apoyo para enriquecer los resultados de mi búsqueda desde su semilla como un proyecto hasta el resultado que se presenta en este libro. Agradezco a la Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes mi participación en el Doctorado en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades en el área de Historia, así como los apoyos del Programa Integral de Fortalecimiento Institucional (PIFI); al CONACyT la Beca del Programa Nacional de Posgrados de Calidad; al Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social-Occidente en Guadala- jara, Jalisco, mi participación en seminarios de investigación y de género, y al Centro de Documentación e Investigación de la Comu- nidad Ashkenazí de México (CDICA) por el reconocimiento otorgado a mi trabajo con el Premio Rabino Jacobo Goldberg 2015 como mejor investigación. Especialmente agradezco a los tutores y lectores que me acom- pañaron a lo largo del camino, a la doctora Yolanda Padilla Rangel de la UAA que tuvo fe en mí desde mucho antes del doctorado y puso en mis manos a Anita Brenner, un personaje muy querido para ella; a la doctora María Teresa Fernández Aceves del CIESAS-Occidente, quien desde nuestro primer encuentro se interesó por el proyecto y me guió, como tutora y amiga, en la profundización y consecución de los objetivos que se plantearon; a la doctora Carmen Ramos Es- candón de la Universidad de Texas en Austin, por brindarme su ex- periencia y reflexiones alrededor de las mujeres escritoras y su con- texto, y al doctor Antonio Castillo Gómez de la Universidad de Alcalá en España, por su generosidad para enriquecer mi comprensión de las perspectivas de la cultura escrita, así como por recibirme en la Universidad de Alcalá en una estancia de investigación. Igualmente agradezco a la doctora Alma Dorantes González del INAH-Jalisco y al doctor Víctor Manuel González Esparza de la UAA, cuyas cuidadosas lecturas y atinados cuestionamientos me estimularon a reflexionar con mayor profundidad los planteamientos de la investigación. Y particularmente agradezco a la doctora Alice Gojman de Backal, del Centro de Documentación e Investigación de la Comunidad Ashkenazí de México –actualmente Centro de Investigación y Documentación Judío de México–, por todo el apoyo que dio a mi trabajo desde el inicio. Asimismo, agradezco a la doctora Silvia Marina Arrom y a la doctora Joyce Antler de la Brandeis University, y al doctor Ilan Stavans del Amherst College en Massachusetts, Estados Unidos, por recibirme en sus espacios académicos y compartir conmigo intere- santes reflexiones alrededor de la identidad judía y de género, la na- cionalidad y la escritura. Y quiero reconocer y agradecer el apoyo, desde lecturas, re- flexiones, ánimos, hospedaje, búsquedas y preguntas, a mis amigos y colegas, profesores y compañeros que generosamente me brindaron: a la doctora Margarita Zorrilla Fierro, a la doctora Luisa Medrano, a la doctora Julia Preciado Zamora, al doctor Daniel Eudave Muñoz, a la doctora Consuelo Meza Márquez, al doctor Luciano Ramírez Hur- tado, al doctor Andrés Reyes Rodríguez, al doctor Bonifacio Barba Casillas, al doctor Salvador Camacho Sandoval, al maestro Carlos Reyes Sahagún, al maestro Enrique Rodríguez Varela, a la maestra Martha Esparza Ramírez, al doctor Matthew Butler, al doctor Glenn Peers y su esposa Cathy Chadwick, a la doctora Naomi Lindstrom, a la doctora Verónica Sierra Blas, a la doctora Maty Finkelman, a la maestra Gisela Cabral, al doctor Mario Rueda Beltrán, a la doctora Mary Kay Vaughan, al fotógrafo Juan Carlos Escalera, a la licenciada Bertha Topete directora del Archivo Histórico del Estado de Aguas- calientes, a Lynne Maphies del Harry Ransom Center en la Univer- sidad de Texas en Austin, a Jocelyn Wilk, University Archivist de la Columbia University Rare Book & Manuscript Library, al señor Yeshaya Metal , Reference Librarian en el Center for Jewish History, y a Anna Beyer, Archivist and Reference Librarian en Our Lady of the Lake University. Agradezco al Departamento Editorial de la Uaa y al Centro de Documentación e Investigación Judío de México la publicación de este libro. Finalmente, quiero agradecer a mi familia, amigas y amigos. A mis padres que me fortalecieron durante todo el proceso. Una mención especial a mi madre y a mi hermana Mary por su ayuda incondicional en mi entorno doméstico. A mis hermanos, a mis cu- ñadas y cuñados. A todos mis sobrinos para los que soy la tía de los libros. A mis hijos José y Manuel que me inspiraron con su entu- siasmo y no me permitieron abandonar en ningún momento. A mi hija Marcela, a sus trece años, por su paciencia y comprensión hacia su madre encerrada en lo que ella llamó “la cueva”, espero que algún día lea este libro y decida seguir sus propios ideales. Y a mi esposo Juan Antonio, que creyó en mi sueño y con su confianza y escucha me ayudó a lograr algo que por sí se vislumbraba interminable. A todos ellos, mi agradecimiento por siempre. ÍNDICE GENERAL Siglas 19 Lista de imágenes 21 PRÓLOGO Alice Gojman de Backal 25 INTRODUCCIÓN 29 Revisión de algunos estudios sobre Anita Brenner 38 SEMBLANZA BIOGRÁFICA DE ANITA BRENNER 45 1. “CUATRO MOMENTOS DE MI VIDA”. LAS NARRATIVAS AUTOBIOGRÁFICAS DE ANITA BRENNER 67 Una joven judía de México: Anita Brenner y su infancia en Aguascalientes para The Jewish Daily Forward en 1925 69 Anita Brenner en Nueva York, enero a julio de 1925 70 The Jewish Daily Forward en Nueva York 71 El artículo de Anita Brenner en 1925 71 La escritura autobiográfica y su identificación con el judaísmo 72 Su escritura autobiográfica acerca de la Revolución mexicana 78 “México, la otra tierra prometida”.
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