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Editors-in-Chiefs Chun-Yen CHANG, National Taiwan Normal University (NTNU), TAIWAN Lianghuo FAN, University of Southampton, UNITED KINGDOM Milan KUBIATKO, University of Zilina, SLOVAKIA Editors Lynn A. BRYAN, Purdue University, USA Len ANNETTA, East Carolina University, USA Peter C. CORMAS, California University of Pennsylvania, USA Pierre COLLET, University of Strasbourg, FRANCE Colleen T. DOWNS, University of KwaZulu-Natal, SOUTH Kwok Cheung CHEUNG, University of Macau, MACAU AFRICA Oh Nam KWON, Seoul National University, SOUTH KOREA Jan H. VAN DRIEL, University of Melbourne, AUSTRALIA Yew Hoong LEONG, Nanyang Technological University, Ingo EILKS, University of Bremen, GERMANY SINGAPORE Lyn ENGLISH, Queensland University of Technology, Xiufeng LIU, Graduate School of Education, University at AUSTRALIA Buffalo, USA Olle ESKILSSON, Kristianstad University, SWEDEN Jing LIN, Beijing Normal University, CHINA Uwe GELLERT, Freie Berlin University, GERMANY Silvija MARKIC, University of Education Ludwigsburg, Anjum HALAI, Aga Khan University, PAKISTAN GERMANY Gürol IRZIK, Sabanci Üniversitesi, TURKEY Teen-Hang MEEN, National Formosa University, TAIWAN Gert KADUNZ, University of Klagenfurt, AUSTRIA Jan Alexis NIELSEN, University of Copenhagen, DENMARK Marika KAPANADZE, Ilia State Univesity, GEORGIA Mariusz PANCZYK, Medical University of Warsaw, POLAND Gregory J. KELLY, The Pennsylvania State University, USA Tali TAL, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, ISRAEL Vanessa KIND, Durham University, UK Chunxia QI, Beijing Normal University, CHINA Vincentas LAMANAUSKAS, University of Siauliai, LITHUANIA Tzu-Hua WANG, National Tsing Hua University, TAIWAN Jari LAVONEN, University of Helsinki, FINLAND (R.O.C.) Norman G. LEDERMAN, Illinois Institute of Technology, USA Der-Ching YANG, National Chiayi University, TAIWAN Rachel MAMLOK-NAAMAN, Weizmann Institute of Science, Zacharia ZACHARIAS, University of Cyprus, CYPRUS ISRAEL Sonya N. MARTIN, Seoul National University, REPUBLIC OF Assistant Editors KOREA Universidad de Oriente, VENEZUELA Jana FANCOVICOVA, University of Trnava, SLOVAKIA, Mansoor NIAZ, E-mail: [email protected] Pernilla NILSSON, Halmstad University, SWEDEN University of Oslo, NORWAY Vanda JANSTOVA, Charles University, Prague, CZECH Rolf V. OLSEN, REPUBLIC, Kamisah OSMAN, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, MALAYSIA E-mail: [email protected] Paul PACE, University of Malta, MALTA Pavol PROKOP, Trnava University, SLOVAKIA Editorial Board Sarantos PSYCHARIS, School of Pedagogical and Technological Education - ASPETE, GREECE Fouad ABD-EL-KHALICK, University of Illinois at Urbana- Charles University, CZECH REPUBLIC Champaign, USA Martin RUSEK, University of Malaya, MALAYSIA Agustin ADÚRIZ-BRAVO, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Rohaida Mohd. SAAT, Huaqiao University, CHINA ARGENTINA Chieh-Jen SHIEH, The Graduate Center of CUNY, USA Maria Pilar Jiménez ALEIXANDRE, Universidade de Santiago de Kenneth TOBIN, National Chiao Tung University, TAIWAN Compostela, SPAIN Chin-Chung TSAI, University of Southampton, UNITED Michael ALLEN, Kingston University, UK Charis VOUTSINA, KINGDOM Kyriacos ATHANASIOU, National and Kapodistrian University Nanyang Technological University, of Athens, GREECE Lung Hsiang WONG, SINGAPORE Alipaşa AYAS, Bilkent Üniversitesi, TURKEY Nélio BIZZO, Universidade de São Paulo, BRAZIL Saouma BOUJAOUDE, American University of Beirut, LEBANON i The Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education (EJMSTE) is an academic journal devoted to the publication and dissemination of research and position articles on all aspects of mathematics, science, engineering, health, medical education and technology education. All articles are reviewed by the members of the editorial board which consists of internationally respected educators, researchers, and practitioners. Submissions: EJMSTE has a fully online review system. This system offers authors the convenience of submitting their manuscripts via ScholarOne and EditorialSystem. Please send your manuscripts an MS Word attachment to the editors via the following addresses: https://mc04.manuscriptcentral.com/eurasia https://www.editorialsystem.com/ejmste/ Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education (EJMSTE) is a monthly journal published online 12 times annually in January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, and December. EJMSTE is indexed and/or abstracted in Cabell’s Directory Index, EBSCO, SSCI® - Social Science Citation Index, SCOPUS, ERIC - Education Resources Information Center, PsycINFO, Current Contents - Social & Behavioral Sciences, EdNA Online Database, Education Research Index, Google Scholar, Higher Education Teaching and Learning Journals, Higher Education Research Data Collection, Index Copernicus, JournalSeek, MathDi, TOC Premier Database, Ulrich's Periodicals Directory and ZDB – Zeitschriftendatenbank. Publication of any material submitted by authors does not necessarily mean that the journal, publisher, editors, or any of the editorial board members endorse or suggest the content. Publishing decisions are based and given only on scholarly evaluations. Apart from that, decisions and responsibility for adopting or using partly or in whole any of the methods, ideas or the like presented in EJMSTE pages solely depends on the readers’ own judgment. Published by: MODESTUM LIMITED Publication Office: Suite 124 Challenge House 616 Mitcham Road, CRO 3AA, Croydon, London, UK Phone: + 44 (0) 208 936 7681 Email: [email protected] Publisher: http://modestum.co.uk Journal Web: http://www.ejmste.com Twitter: https://twitter.com/ejmste Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ejmste Challenge House Business Centre © 2005-2018. All rights reserved by Modestum Limited. Copyright for Open Access Content is Retained by Authors. Also, authors continue to hold the copyrights of their own papers by acknowledging that their papers are originally published in the EURASIA J Math, Sci & Tech Ed. Hence, articles published are licensed under a “Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.” ISSN 1305 - 8223 ii VOLUME 14 ISSUE 8 CONTENTS (AUGUST 2018) Enhancing Research Papers into Effective Teaching and Meaningful Learning in em1576 Mathematics, Science and Technology Education in Africa Carmel McNaught https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/92115 Promoting Critical Thinking in Multilingual Mathematics Classes through Questioning em1562 Clemence Chikiwa, Marc Schäfer https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/91832 Relationship between Teaching Context and Teachers’ Orientations to Science Teaching em1564 Lydia Mavuru, Umesh Ramnarain https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/91910 Design Principles for Lesson Study Practice: A Case Study for Developing and Refining Local em1560 Theory Divan Jagals, Martha Van der Walt https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/91830 Modelling Course-Design Characteristics, Self-Regulated Learning and the Mediating Effect em1575 of Knowledge-Sharing Behavior as Drivers of Individual Innovative Behavior James Ngugi, Leila Goosen https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/92087 Dissimilarities in Attitudes between Students in Service and Mainstream Courses towards em1565 Statistics: An Analysis Conducted in a Developing Country Vaughan van Appel, Rina Durandt https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/91912 Students’ Achievement in Basic Electronics: Effects of Scaffolding and Collaborative em1563 Instructional Approaches Bernard Atsumbe, Samuel Owodunni, Emmanuel Raymond, Maxwell Uduafemhe https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/91898 Competencies in Mathematical Modelling Tasks: An Error Analysis em1567 Hanti Kotze https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/91922 In Search of a Working Strategy: The AHA... Moment in the Teaching of Science Subjects at em1566 Two South African High Schools Kgomotsego B. Samuel, Washington T. Dudu https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/91921 Understanding Science Teachers’ Classroom Practice after Completing a Professional- em1561 development Programme: A Case Study Maria Kekana, Estelle Gaigher https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/91831 Out-of-school Activity: A Comparison of the Experiences of Rural and Urban Participants in em1577 Science Fairs in the Limpopo Province, South Africa Sure Mupezeni, Jeanne Kriek https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/92041 iii EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 2018, 14(8), em1576 ISSN:1305-8223 (online) OPEN ACCESS Editorial https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/92115 Enhancing Research Papers into Effective Teaching and Meaningful Learning in Mathematics, Science and Technology Education in Africa Carmel McNaught 1* 1 Distinguished Visiting Professor, University of Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA Ensuring the growth of effective science education across the African continent is of significant importance to addressing global issues in health, agriculture, economic development and environmental sustainability. There is now a significant number of researchers in science education for African contexts as universities proliferate across Africa and African postgraduate students study across the globe. While the challenges facing science education in Africa are many, an important strategy for supporting quality enhancement in teacher development and curriculum development is the provision of sound research into what works in the resource-restricted educational environments of Africa. The ten papers in this Special Issue address a wide range of range of topics in Mathematics, Science and Technology Education (MSTE) in Africa. Several papers focus on teacher development so that