sign in sign up
<<
Home , Banten Girang, Banten Sultanate, Sunda Kingdom

TAWARIKH: Journal ofof HistoricalHistorical StudiesStudies,, VolumeVolume 11(1),10(1), 10(2), OctoberOctober April 20192018

Journal of Historical Studies

Volume 10(2), AprilWAN 2019 IRAMA, NINA HERLINA & MUMUH MUHSIN ZAKARIA Print-ISSN 2085-0980 Volume 10(1), October 2018 Print-ISSN 2085-0980 Beads in Girang Site in an International Contents Trade of Sunda ContentsKingdom, X-XVI Century

ABSTRACT: Tatar Sunda (Sundanese Land), as part of the Indonesian archipelago, is thought to be involved Forewordin an international. [ii] trade. Knowledge about based on historical sources, which state that on the North ForewordCoast of Sunda. [ii] during the triumphed in the X-XVI century, there were at least six important and crowded ports, namely: Chemamo = Cimanuk, Calapa = , Chegujde = Cigede, Tamgara = SYAFIQETTYTangerang, SARINGENDYANTI, A. MUGHNI, Pondang =AHMAD Pontang, NINA FIRDAUSI and HERLINA Bantam & = AKMALIYAH& Banten. MUMUH Historical MUHSIN, and archaeologicalZAKARIA, research in the past DarTrifew Tangtu al-Ulum decades on of has Sunda Deoband: shown Wiwitan the An presence Education, Doctrine of artifacts inPropagation, the XIV-XVIIthat are and declaredCentury .as [1-14] an international trade commodities Islamicrather Political than agricultural Movement products in India at. [87-102]several points along the Cibanten River, including beads, Chinese ceramics, and Arikamedu pottery. Through the historical methods (heuristic, criticism, interpretation, RETNOand historiography), WINARNI & asRATNA well as ENDANG theories and WIDUATIE, concepts of early trade (read: ancient trade) in relation to ASEPJember’sexchange SOPIAN, Development and trade as fromKarl Polanyi the Traditional (1977) and Authority other currently to Modern scholars’ Government thinking, the. [15-30] fact of the presence Non-Verbalof beads and Language Chinese ceramicsin the Stories in this of article Al-Qur’an trace. [103-120]the transportation of the Cibanten River was to the MUHAMMADconstellation of ADI the SAPUTRA, international UMASIH trade routes & SARKADI, of Sunda Kingdom in West , . As the second BAYUTheinternational Impact ANGGORO, of Discoveryport SARIYATUNof the LearningSunda Kingdom,& SUSANTO,and Critical in the Thinkingport of Banten, there were trade contacts with various nations in the world, including people from West Asia. towards Learning Outcomes of Indonesian History. [31-44] TheKEY Planggatan WORDS: International Temple Strengtheners Trade; Sunda of Kingdom; Religious Beads; People’s Chinese Solidarity Ceramics; Site. in . [121-132] SOPAAT RAHMAT SELAMET & SETIA GUMILAR, BASRINTheINTRODUCTION Roles MELAMBA, of Indigenous NINA Entrepreneurs HERLINA & in KUNTO Dealing SOFIANTO, withports, the theDutch river Colonialism plays a role as a means of Tatar Sunda (Sundanese Land), as part transportation that connects one place to Protestanin , West Christianity Java, 1903-1942 Education. [45-58] in Tolaki and Moronene Society of the Indonesian archipelago involved in another in the territory of the Sunda Kingdom in Southeast , 1919-1942. [133-156] REFNIan international YULIA, ZULFA trade, & has HENDRA a long history NALDI, Improvingand holds itsthe own Government story. In Policythe Tomé on the Pires Arat Sabulungan Tradition RETTYtrip report, ISNENDES as cited, in Armando Cortesao (CortesaoIn terms ed., of 2005;trade Munoz,commodities, 2006; andthe river in Mentawai Islands. [59-74] Nagalaksa in the Folktales of Rancakalong, Sumedang,isZahorka, very West possible Java: 2007). for easly of cargo loading, ACoast Local of Historical Sunda in Studythe XVI. [157-172] century, there were because most of the Sunda Kingdom Info-tawarikh-edutainmentsixed. important(2005), it can and be crowded seen that ports,. [75-86]on the namely North commodities are agricultural products from Info-tawarikh-edutainmentChemamo = Cimanuk, Calapa. =[173-186] Kalapa, the interior, so it seems that the river path Chegujde = Cigede, Tamgara = Tangerang, is part of its journey. In this case, Martha TAWARIKH: Journal of Historical Studies will provide a peer-reviewed forum for the publication of thought-leadership PondangTAWARIKH: = JournalPontang, of Historical and Bantam Studies = Banten will provide a peer-reviewed forum for the publication of thought-leadership articles, briefings, briefings, discussion, discussion, applied applied research, research, case case and and comparative comparativetheoretically studies, studies, expert that expert commoditiescomment comment and and analysis were analysis oncarried the on key the issueskey issues surrounding surrounding the history the history education education and historical and historical studies studies inMcCarthy general in general and (1987) its variousand its and aspects.various other Analysisaspects. scholars willAnalysis be argued practical will be and rigorous in nature. The TAWARIKH journal, with print ISSN 2085-0980, was firstly published on October 28, 2009, in (Cortesaopractical and ed., rigorous 2005:238-240). in nature. The Of TAWARIKH the six journal, with print ISSN 2085-0980, was firstly published on October the28, Aboutcontext2009, thein to the Authors:commemorate context Drs. to Wancommemorate the IramaYouth Pledgeis a Masterthe Day Youth inStudent Indonesia. Pledge at theDay Since Faculty in issueIndonesia. of ofCultural October Since Sciences 2009 issue to UNPADof date, October the(Padjadjaran TAWARIKH 2009 to University) date, journal the ,hasTAWARIKH been West organized journal Java, Indonesia. andhas beenpublished Prof. organized Dr. by Nina Minda and Herlina Masagi published and Press Dr. by Mumuh ownedMinda Muhsin byMasagi ASPENSI Zakaria Press (the owned are Association the byLecturers ASPENSI of Indonesianat the(the Faculty Association Scholars of Cultural of SciencesHistoryIndonesian UNPADEducation) Scholars Bandung. in of Bandung, HistoryFor academic Education) West interests, Java, Indonesia.in the Bandung, Authors This Westare journal able Java, to be isIndonesia. publishedcontacted Thisvia twice e-mail journal a year address is i.e. published everyat: [email protected] October twice anda year April. i.e. ForeverySuggested period October 2012 Citation: and to April. 2017, Irama, For the Wan, period TAWARIKH Nina 2012 Herlina journalto 2017,& Mumuh was the Muhsin accreditedTAWARIKH Zakaria. by journal Ditjendikti wasBeads accredited Kemdikbud in Banten by GirangRI Ditjendikti (Directorate-General Site in Kemdikbudan International RIof Trade(Directorate-General of Sunda Kingdom, of HigherX-XVI Century Education,” in TAWARIKH: Ministry of Journal Education of Historical and Culture Studies of, theVolume Republic 11(1), of October, Indonesia); pp.1-14. and Bandung,indexed Higher Education, Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic (2019).of Indonesia); “ and indexed also by SINTA Level 2 ownedalso by by SINTA Kemenristekdikti Level 2 owned RI (Ministryby Kemenristekdikti of Research, RI Technology, (Ministry of and Research, Higher EducationTechnology, of andthe RepublicHigher Education of Indonesia) of the in RepublicArticle of Timeline: Indonesia) in . Available online also at: www.journals.mindamas.com/index.php/tawarikh Indonesia:Jakarta. Available Minda Masagi online Press also owned at: www.journals.mindamas.com/index.php/tawarikh by ASPENSI, with ISSN 2085-0980 (print) and ISSN 2685-2284 (online). Accepted (August 17, 2019); Revised (September 19, 2019); and Published (October 30, 2019).

© 2018© 2019 by Minda Masagi Press owned by ASPENSI in Bandung, , Indonesia 1i p-ISSN 2085-0980, e-ISSNISSN 2685-22842085-0980, and www.journals.mindamas.com/index.php/tawarikh WAN IRAMA, NINA HERLINA & MUMUH MUHSIN ZAKARIA, Beads in Banten Girang Site

as foreign ceramics, pottery, inscription fragments, metal objects, currency, animals, tothrough pass, becauseriver channels of the formwith ofsmall rapids, boats; the rocks, and beads (Guillot, Nurhakim & journeythen, when continued the river by flow road was and impossible returns through the river to the port (McCarthy, spreadWibisono, in several 1996). regions. Generally found on prehistoricIn Indonesia, sites, the including findings the of Muara beads Jambiare 1987; Munoz, 2006; Johnson & Parrish, transportation2007; and Zahorka, because 2007). of rapids, Martha Kambang, and Air Sugihan in , Regarding the cut off of the river in South Sumatera; Karang Anyar, Unglen mentioned theoretically again the emergenceMcCarthy (1987) of cargo and settlements other scholars around the South Sumatera; as well as the Tri Donorejo in Central Java (Hoop, 1941:262-263;Tatar Sunda,Munoz, beads 2006; are Nani, found, 2010; among and Bloembergen others, at river, such as Rumpin and Ciampea on the & Eickhoff, 2012). In West Java, or onbanks the ofedge the of Cisadane the ; river Muaraberes (McCarthy, on Kramat Jati in DKI (Daerah Khusus Ibukota or the edge of the river; and Cikao in Pandeglang, Banten; Kelapa Dua and Hill in Sagalaherang and Subanglarang in 1987;In this Heuken, time, 1999;Banten Johnson Girang located& Parrish, on Special Capital Region) Jakarta; Patenggeng the2007; outskirts and Zahorka, of , 2007). not far from the center of the old city of Serang. The city Subang; Pasir Angin in ; and of Banten Girang once held a central role Rengasdengklok in Karawang; Pagadenbaru in the Kingdom of Banten Girang. In this in ; Rajadesa in ; Cijajar context, Mundardjito et al in Sumedang; and Tenjolaya in Cicalengka, WestThe Java beads (Hoop, found 1941; are Heuken,one of the 1999; cultural and excavations (Mundardjito .,et in al 1976, was objectsBloembergen that indicate & Eickhoff, an economic 2012). interaction first examined by in the form of surveys and through international trade. In the meantime, ., 1978). Then, the Tatar Sunda as part of the Indonesian thatin 1988, time, Hasan worked M. withAmbary, the Frenchas Head Embassy of the archipelago was recorded as an area that had inNational Jakarta Archaeological and the Ecole FrancaiseResearch Centerd’Extreme- at been involved in the international trade route Orient, examined three sites, namely: as written in Tomé Pires’ record (cited in Banten Lama, Kelapadua, and Banten Girang Tatar Sunda traders do not apply passively in trade, meaning that theyCortesao are not ed., only 2005). waiting The for the arrival of as(Ambary, a training 1989). ground for archaeology students foreign merchants to stop by their territory, fromFurthermore, various universities. in 1989, 1the site was used but actively go to trade centers by using lanchara or pangajawa French Ministry of Foreign InAffairs 1990, and 1991, the et al Ecoleand 1992, Francaise research d’ Extreme-Orient, was resumed by each the for Thus, how do the beads(Ekadjati, in Banten 2005; Various artifacts found, such GirangDienaputra, show 2011;the existence and Lubis of trade .,between 2011). 2 the country of origin and the Indonesian 6-81 Theweeks. excavation departed from the problems of the archipelago, especially the Tatar Sunda? Many previous year, but due to the main purpose of education, the implementation was less systematic. The results of the study were, then, published in the form of stencils entitled writers have discussed beads (Francis, Jr., 1991; “Archaeological Research Banten Girang, Serang, West Java” Nani, 2010; Frederick & Worden eds., 2011; by Hasan M. Ambary (1989). Project in collaboration with the (1991); Mohamad Ali Fadilah (1991); Claude Guillot (1988, IndonesiaNational Archaeological in Jakarta. Research Center, the Ford Foundation, 1990, 1991, and 1992); Edhiey Laksoto Hapsoro (1990); and theArchaeological Ministry of Education research demands and Culture a joint of the work. Republic Therefore, of Claire Hardy-Guilbert (1990); Naniek Harkantiningsih (1990); people2 who played an active role in this research, both as Fadhlan S. Intan (1990); Lukman Nurhakim (1988, 1991, researchers, topographers, drawers, and photographers, and 1992); Daniel Perret (1990 and 1991); Untung Sunaryo information(1990 and 1992); in Claude Suryono Guillot, (1992); Lukman Waluyo Nurhakim (1992); & andSonny Sonny Wibisono (1990, 1991, and 1992). See also for those were: Rokhus Due Awe (1990); Jacques Dumakay (1988 and 1990); Marie-France Dupoizat (1990); Yusmaeni Eriawati Wibisono (1996:16). © 2019 Minda Masagi Press owned by ASPENSI in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia p-ISSN 2085-0980, e-ISSN 2685-2284, and www.journals.mindamas.com/index.php/tawarikh 2 TAWARIKH: Journal of Historical Studies, Volume 11(1), October 2019 and Lubis et al., small beautiful object, it can be traced to description, haven’t discussed thoroughly how several things as the phrase of Lois Sherr the beads from outside2013). But, the countriesthe writing entered is only to a Beads, so they often tell about the social, political, economic, and the Tatar Sunda? religiousDubin (1995) lives ofsaid, people, “ who are made and the Indonesian archipelago, more specifically to worn them received attention to understanding beads Of the many references, the first book that Girang is work” (Dubin, of Claude 1995). Guillot, Lukman The next book specifically about Banten was the work of W.G.N. van derA SleenHandbook (1967) on entitled Banten Sebelum Zaman : Kajian Beads,and Peter contained Francis the (1989). meanings, W.G.N. materials, van der ArkeologiNurhakim di & BantenSonny WibisonoGirang (Banten (1996), Before Sleen (1967)’s work, entitled Islamic Era: Archaeological Study in Banten Girang), that contained the role of Banten and techniques used to make beads. Based Girang as a port city during the Kingdom ofon beads W.G.N. function van der andSleen travel (1967)’s as an writing, universal of Banten, which later became a kingdom Peter Francis (1989) examined the possibility under the Kingdom of Sunda, namely Pakuan the Bead Trade in ”, so that this Padjadjaran (Guillot, Nurhakim & Wibisono, papercultural did result, not rely in a solely work onentitled W.G.N. “Beads van der and did showed how the form of the Banten namely beads as trading commodities (cf Girang1996). ThePalace results was inof thethe past,excavations even though they Sleen (1967)’s work, but had another side, the reconstruction of the palace was only a paper, due to the current development Sleen,Another 1967; book Francis, titled 1989; Manik-manik Cheah, 2003; di and of the City of Serang in Banten (cf Guillot, IndonesiaReid, 2014 (the and Beads2015). in Indonesia) by and Lubis et al., NurhakimIn the form & Wibisono, of articles, 1996; it can Zahorka, be referred 2007; Sumarah Adhyatman & Redjeki Arifin (1993). 2013). As the experts in the field of ceramics and beads, Sumarah Adhyatman & Redjeki Arifin Anginto by the Site” work in AMERTA of Indraningsih Journal, (1981)No.4. in(1993) archaeological showed their excavations expertise in in the giving country an entitled “Beads in Indonesia: The Pasir andoverview their ingredients.of the findings Also of describedbeads revealed is the general form of beads from producing areas Arkeologi”Then, the works (Beads of in Nasrudin the Archeological (1993/1994) Studies)were titled in AMERTA:“Manik-manik Berkala dalam Arkeologi, Kajian asoutside a guidebook Indonesia for (Adhyatmanunderstanding & Arifin, beads, Perspektif Arkeologi” (Beads Artifact in 1993). In general, this book can also be said ArchaeologicalNo.14; and “Artefak Perpective) Manik-manik in Jurnal dalam Papua, from an area, especially as a commodity for internationalalthough it does trade not in specifically Tatar Sunda discuss (cf Francis, beads discussing Banten before Islam was written Vol.8, No.1 [Juni], 2016. Another article th to etJr., al 1991; Adhyatman & Arifin, 1993; Cheah, 17by thWibisono Century Banten(2013) Forestryentitled “Developing Trading” 2003;Another Zahorka, book 2007; is the Nani, work 2010; of Lois and Sherr Lubis inRegions KALPATARU: Under theArchaeological Wind in the Magazine, 15 ., 2011). The History of Beads: From 30,000 B.C. to the Present. This book, To obtain the expected results, the Dubin (1995) entitled historicalVol.22, No.2 method [November]. consists of heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography photoslike Sumarah that emit Adhyatman the charm & ofRedjeki beads Arifin as high- taste(1993)’s works, book, as appearedexpressed with in its beautiful Introduction, Beads are small, colorful, symmetrical, and (Garraghan, 1946:33-69; Gottschalk, often quite beatiful 1985:39-40; Kuntowijoyo, 2003; Sjamsuddin, “ used2007; is Zed, the 2008;concept and of Herlina,early trade 2015:17- (read: ” (Adhyatman & Arifin, 60). Meanwhile, the theory and concept 1993; and Dubin, 1995). However, from the © 2019 Minda Masagi Press owned by ASPENSI in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia p-ISSN 2085-0980, e-ISSN 2685-2284, and www.journals.mindamas.com/index.php/tawarikh 3 WAN IRAMA, NINA HERLINA & MUMUH MUHSIN ZAKARIA, Beads in Banten Girang Site ancient trade), which is often discussed in RESULTS AND DISCUSSION relation to exchange and trade, consisting Banten Girang. The Banten region is on the western end of Tatar Sunda (Sundanese5 goods, transportation, and two-party relations Land), close to the . In the span of components including actors/personnel, of the X AD (Anno Domini) until the fall of Furthermore, regarding exchange, Karl Polanyi (Agrawal, 2003; Cheah, 2003; and Leur, 2015). region was in the form of an empire and from reciprocity, redistribution, and market laterBanten developed Girang in into 1526 a Sultanate. AD, life in Thethe Banteninitial exchange(1977) and other scholars distinguished it period of kingdom life in Banten began with the emergence of the Kingdom of Banten (Polanyi, 1977:84; Biggart3 & Girang, namely when Banten was seen as an Delbridge, 2004; and Blanc, 2018). suggestedMeanwhile, that C.there Renfrew are ten (1977); models C. of Renfrew et al & P. Bahn (1994); and other scholarsDirect Lane urban settlement equipped with trenches and Exchange, Exchange on the Base, Exchange at fortificationsThere is an (Guillot, allegation 1990; that Lubis Banten has., 2011; theexchange Border and/or, Exchange trade, While namely: Passing , Exchange stoodand Hall, at least 2014). in the middle of the X century at the Distribution Center, Exchange on the Market as a Center of Exchange, Trading archaeological research conclude that it is through Intermediaries, Trade through believed(Guillot, 1990:19-20).that the Banten The Girang results Palace, of the as the Trade Representatives, Trade in the Colonies, center of domicile in Serang now, then moved and Trading in a Trading Port to the Surasowan Palace in the Old Banten area. In this case, the role of Sunan Gunung (Renfrew,4 1977:119-121;Of the ten models Renfrew of exchange & Bahn, 1994:322- or trade, of the location of the new palace from Banten 323;the model Cheah, to 2003; be discussed and Milevski, in this 2005). study is a Jati was quite large in determining the choice model of exchange or trade on the market et al GirangBanten, to Banten which Lamais on the(Guillot, international 1990; Puslit of exchange or trade in ports as centers of tradeArkenas, route, 1998; is thought and Lubis to have .,had 2011). relations asexchange a center or of trade. exchange or trade; and models with the outside world since the beginning Reciprocity is an exchange carried out by individuals or 3 had become a port that was visited by many Redistribution is an exchange of the century; and in the VII century, Banten groups that have an equal position and the items exchanged merchants from outside. When Islam was institution.more or less Market have equal Exchange value. is an exchange carried out at a brought by Arab traders to the east, Banten specialthat is regulated place, where or organized negotiations by a and government transactions authority take place. or might had been the target of Islamic da’wah 4The Direct Lane Exchange takes place when A comes to B as a source of goods and exchanges at place B. So, A in this (preaching). It was known from the news of case across the village border. The Exchange on the Base runs Sunan Ampel, by means of A coming to B at base B, and the exchange takes 6 place at base B. A in this case across the village border. The The origin of the Banten region is associated with two words, Exchange at the Border takes place with the two actors coming namely:5 (1) Wahanten when, the name he of first the old came city located to Banten somewhat to the border. A and B do not cross the village border. The Denial, means to argue or rebel. In local sources Exchange While Passing takes place if A crosses several villages, and Chinese news up to the XIII century, which preached the and exchanges with the B, C, or D actors in the village that are Banteninland; andregion, (2) Banten was known as Medanggili, among others in passed. The Exchange at the Distribution Center occurs when Tambo Tulangbawang and Primbon Bayah (Lubis et al. A brings its production goods to the center, as tribute to the In the text of Carita Parahiyangan (the Story of Parahiyangan), in central person. Likewise B, each gets a different (random) item , 2014:238). from the central person as a substitute for their production of Banten is recorded in Sadjarah Banten, or History of Banten, item. The Exchange on the Market as a Center of Exchange 1580, Banten appears as “Wahanten Girang”.et al In addition, the name takes place if A and B each carry their production goods Anno Domini), the and exchange them directly and freely. The Trading through nametexts (Pudjiastuti, of Banten is 2010:13;referred to and as Lubisrelated to .,several 2014:37). shipping In Chinese routes Intermediaries takes place when an intermediary carries out sources, Shung Peng Hsiang Sung, in 1430 AD ( Ying- Yai-Sheng Lan Shunt'a, which experts or B. The Trade through Trade Representatives is namely if B believethat Mao is K'unmore made Sunda in meaning. around 1421 Another AD; foreignand in the source book came of sendstrade transactionsa supervised with representative A and B without to trade supervision with A. The A and/Trade , in 1433 AD, Banten is called in the Colonies is a trade that is carried out when B sends a cf representative to build a colony near A, then transacts with from Tomé Pires,et a al.Portuguese explorer, who in 1512 AD came to A. Lastly, the Trading in a Trading Port is trading carried out Banten and called it “Bautan” ( Heuken, 1999:32; Cortesao ed., between A and B in the port as a trading center. 2005;carried6 and out Lubis by Sunan , 2014:238).Ampel, then by Syarif Hidayatullah The beginning of the Islamization of Banten was

4 © 2019 Minda Masagi Press owned by ASPENSI in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia p-ISSN 2085-0980, e-ISSN 2685-2284, and www.journals.mindamas.com/index.php/tawarikh TAWARIKH: Journal of Historical Studies, Volume 11(1), October 2019 and found Muslims in Banten, although the authorities in the region were still Lubis et al Strait (Ekadjati, 2005:97; Hussin, 2007; 7 Beads on., 2011; the Banten Reid, 2014 Girang and Site 2015;. and (MichrobWhen & Chudari, Sultanate 1993:50-51; in Malay Munoz, 2006; Leur, 2015). Sedyawati & Djafar, 2012; and Faisal, 2018). the diaspora of Muslim traders took place, LukmanAccording Nurhakim to Sumarah & Sonny Adhyatman Wibisono & Redjeki somePeninsula of them fell tomoved the Portuguese to Banten. Bantenin 1511 also AD, Arifin (1993), as cited also in Claude Guillot, grew crowded, when European traders who came from the direction of the southern and(1996), the beadsEcole Francaisefrom excavations d’Extreme-Orient carried trip of Africa and the Indian Ocean could out by the Archaeological Research Center not help, but have to go through the Sunda Strait. In addition, the Banten port is also intact,at the Banten in the form Girang of beadssite, in fragments, 1989-1992, traversed by merchant ships coming from andamounted remnants to 795. of beads The beads made arefrom found clay, and heading northwest through the Bangka sandstone, precious stones, glass, and a kind

(Sunan Gunung Jati). In the Carita Purwaka Caruban Nagari (Early Story of Cirebon Land) script, it is told that Syarif of plastic (Adhyatmanet &al Arifin, 1993; Guillot, Nurhakim & Wibisono, 1996:217-225; Nani, inhabitants of Banten, so that slowly but surely, Islam could Hidayatullah's efforts with 98 students Islamized the among2010; and other Rahardjo beads. On the., 2011). basis of Sumarah felt interested in Syarif Hidayatullah's height of knowledge Glass bead is the most common finding andbe accepted morals, marriedby the people, his brother, even by Nyai the Kawunganten. Banten Regent, From who in another source called Wulung Ayu, and Hasanuddin inAdhyatman the sense &that Redjeki they wereArifin made (1993)’s in Banten review, this marriage, two children were born,Babad namely: Banten Ratu (Story Winahon, of the beads found were locally characterized Banten), Sunan Gunung Jati and his son, Hasanuddin (Prince Girang, or in other parts of Indonesia, and (Djajadiningrat, 1983:161). In the some were imported from other countries (cf Banten area. They went south, to Mount of Pulosari, where Sabakingkin), were told to Islamize the community in the Islam delivered by the father and son, they also converted to Islam.800 residences In the meantime, were taught. on the After slopes hearing of Mount the teachings of Pulosari, of AdhyatmanLocal Beads & Arifin,. It is consisted1993; Guillot, of: (1) Nurhakim Burned Sunan Gunung Jati taught various Islamic sciences to his son. Clay& Wibisono, Bead 1996;Sandstone and Nani, Bead 2010).Precious wander while spreading Islam to the country's population Stone Bead; (4) the Kornelian Bead After being considered sufficient, he etordered al Hasanuddin to Quartz Crystal; (2) Bead Glass; (3) Bead. The After his father returned to Cirebon, Hasanuddin continued ; (5) his(Djajadiningrat, mission from 1983:34; one area andto another, Lubis starting., 2014:38-39). from Mount description each bead is as following here: of Pulosari, Gunung Karang, Gunung Lor, to Panaitan Island Firstly, Burned Clay; and Bead. (6) It is found in Ujung Kulon. The Babad Banten oblate or rounded and has a large hole, the carried out by Hasanuddin for seven years in ways known to the local community, such as piting recounts a cock Islamization or complaining length from hole to hole 1.4 cm. The orange of supernatural powers. After seven years, he again met his cylindrical clay bead is still used as children’s father, then went to the pilgrimage to (Djajadiningrat, Anno Domini), Hasanuddin succeeded in defeating Prabu Pucuk Umun at Wahanten Girang1983:34). (Banten After Girang).that, in 1525 At the AD direction ( of Sunan Gunung jewelry and traded in , a Sultanate Jati, Hasanuddin moved the Banten government center from in CentralSecondly, Java (Adhyatman & Found Arifin, some 1993; Anno Sandstone Bead. Hijriah grayNani, sandstone 2010; and fragments. Nasrudin, 2016).Until now, the InBanten the transfer Girang toof the Banten governmentport on 1 Muharam center to933 the AH coast, ( locals still make it in various colors and then Sunan Gunung) or 8 October Jati determined 1526 AD (Michrobthe position & Chudari, of the palace, 1993:61). sell it to Mecca or Arab as a prayer beads Kuala Cibanten. The palace, which later became the capital offortress, the Banten market, Sultanate, and the was square called that Surosowan had to be. builtAs time near went on, Banten became one of the international standard trading 8 cities, which certainly became a haven for people of different (AdhyatmanThirdly, Precious & Arifin, Stone 1993; Bead. Dubin, The 2009; number and Nani, 2010). et al Famous precious stones hundreds of years BC (Before religions7 (Michrob, 1987; Michrob & Chudari, 1993; and Christ).8 The technology transfer of more advanced precious Rahardjo ., 2011). stone beads from India to countries in Southeast Asia, such so thatAccording at least at to the the end news of ofthe Tomé XV century, Pires in Islam 1513, had as cited been in as Vietnam, Sri Lanka, and Thailand, allegedly occurred in introducedArmando Cortesao in the port ed. of(2005), the Sunda there Kingdom were Muslims (Cortesao in Cimanuk, ed., the early AD or Anno Domini

(Adhyatman & Arifin, 1993; and 2005:242). Guillot, Nurhakim & Wibisono, 1996:218). © 2019 Minda Masagi Press owned by ASPENSI in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia p-ISSN 2085-0980, e-ISSN 2685-2284, and www.journals.mindamas.com/index.php/tawarikh 5 WAN IRAMA, NINA HERLINA & MUMUH MUHSIN ZAKARIA, Beads in Banten Girang Site

The production is uneven and stone that has been soaked in sugar water is rather rough9 compared to beads made by put into sulfuric acid, the sugar will become found is 50. charcoal and become a black onix (Dubin, manufacturing and exporting beads. The bead makerRatanpur, in Banten near Cambay Girang inprobably India, a tookplace the for Sixthly, Glass Bead. stone material from the Sriwijaya region. 2009; Nani, 2010; and13 Nasrudin, 2016). There is a suspicion that precious stone 10 The findings of an beads are not only used as jewelry, but also intact glass bead number 740, consisting beadof 10 rollsmonochrome and monochrome Indo-Pacific spiral pull beads, beads andshowing Chinese Indian bead manufacturing mosaic beads. techniques, The Indo- as repellents, such as diseases and/or bring sustenanceFourthly, to the the Kornelian wearer (Dubin,Bead. It 2009;is pale Nani, around Palembang, South Sumatera, during orange,2010; and even Nasrudin, though there2016). is also an orange thePacific drag bead Kingdom was allegedly in the VII made to XIII one. In India, this old orange color is obtained the color appears. Then, the stone is wrapped Christ).century. Oxides This glass are wasadded first to discoveredmake glass, in by the technique of heating the stone, so that forMesopotamia example iron around for green, 2,500 copper years BC for (Before red, hours. Kornelian bead shapes are rounded,11 cobalt for blue, and uranium for yellow. If in husk or sawdust and burned for 24 there is an excess of coloring, be a black bead. Four compact round beads More advanced glass bead manufacturing ofhexagonal 1 cm are bicone, banded12 and kornelians, quadrilateral which cone are or raresquare and bicone. coveted in the past. The shape of the beads is uneven and has rounded curves techniques developed in Egypt, the Middle on its side that are suspected of being made East, Rome, and Europe. Glass bead making in incorrectly. In the Philippines, kornelian is eachIndia other, and in and China were around not a thedevelopment first millennium of believed to cure skin and blood diseases BC were local inventions, did not influence glass bead exports from these two countries Fifthly, Quartz Crystal Bead. It is a four- Western Asian glass techniques. The area of (Reade, 1979; Nani, 2010; and Zubair, 2017). bead, measuring from 1.1 cm to 1.7 cm. In is SoutheastOther beads Asia may (Kanungo, be made 2004; locally Nani, by 2010; addition,sided, four-sided, a black, yellow,double-sided and milky crystal white quartz onix Chineseand Wolters, immigrants. 2011). The allegation came stone was found, shaped like a barrel, but along with the discovery of iron crust, a center with a length of 1 cm. Almost all oniks many broken glass beads and glued together arerather man-made. flat and the The hole way was of making, not right it inwas the andvalley broken of turquoise green glass. and yellow Based greenon European glass, discovered by Indians four thousand years sources of the early seventeenth century, ago. The colors of this stone are obtained by a British captain, Mr. John Saris from the dipping the white and gray striped agate into EIC (), said there was honey or sugar water. This honey or sugar a Chinese bead maker in Banten that made water is absorbed by a gray layer of micro- barrel-shaped blue beads. The beads are sold organism, but is not absorbed by a denser to Dayaks in at very high prices white layer. By heating it, the sugar water turns brown, so that it becomes the onix stone. If the include:(Francis, Jr., 1991; Nani, 2010; and Wang & Jackson, 2014). The types. 14of local glass beads 9 Indo Pasific Glass Bead The beads made of precious stones consist of 40 kornelian yellow, green, and red brown beads were beads; 8 crystal rock beads, 1 oniks shaped flat barrel, l cm A total of 10 long; 1 amorphous or spherical amethyst, l cm long; and 1 round white. carnelian beads, 1.2 cm long. Also found are gray silica), potassium or rectangularSrivijaya stones, Kingdom 3 cm in long, , 0.5 cm 7 wide,th whichth century, cannot was be also soda,13 and lime. theidentified center10 of making precious stone beads. 14Glass is a mixture of quartz sand ( 11 to 13 . This bead was found in Africa to the Pacific islands,. so the 12Round bead size is flat, from 0.7 cm to 1 cm name of “Indo-Pacific” shows the extent of its spread, namely The intact double cone bead size is from 0.7 cm to 1.7 cm. the countries bordering the Indian and Pacific oceans © 2019 Minda Masagi Press owned by ASPENSI in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia p-ISSN 2085-0980, e-ISSN 2685-2284, and www.journals.mindamas.com/index.php/tawarikh 6 TAWARIKH: Journal of Historical Studies, Volume 11(1), October 2019

These beads are thought to have originated fromfound the ranging Srivijaya in size Kingdom from 0.4 in Southcm to 0.7 cm. Jr., 1991; Brill, 1995; Guillot, Nurhakim & Wibisono,Glass Roll 1996; Bead.Nani, 2010; and Wang & mmJackson, to 1 2014).cm were found. The glass material fromSumatera. Arikamedu, At first Souththis type India, of bead,and was made made is similar to spiral beads,Findings yellow, 121 sizeswhite, of blue, 5 with the technique of “pepper” originated red, and green. The bead shape is mostly AD (Anno Domini rounded with a characteristic Chinese bead, andsince bead 250 transfersBC (Before took Christ). place Then, in Sri inLanka, early Vietnam, Thailand,), Indo-PacificMalaysia, and technology Indonesia. bead,which there is uneven, are several slightly yellow oblique, bead-shaped and large country of origin of making these beads. fruitsin shape. and From a double a number cone-shaped of findings green of beadthe BasedTherefore, on excavation it is difficult in variousto determine places the in

th century. There are (bicone). The rare finding is a three-hole, suspicionsSoutheast Asia, this happened,the Indo-Pacific due to began the collapse to beadflat, rectangular separator is yellow used inbead stringing separator, necklaces ofdisappear the Srivijaya in the Kingdom 13 in Sumatera, the measuring 9 mm long and 7 mm wide. This

(Francis,Core Mosaic Jr., 1991; Glass Nani, Bead. 2010; It was and found Wang & main supplier of Indo-Pacific bead for aJackson, mosaic 2014). of black and red striped bead, Southeast Asia (Francis, Jr., 1991; Bottenberg, which was essentially (inner bead) made 2010;Gyre Nani, Glass 2010; Bead. Wolters, 2011; and Wang & of transparent bluish green glass, which Jackson, 2014). A total of 578 were layer. This bead with a hollow hole, which is found measuring 0.7 mm to 5 mm. Made notwas right of lower in the quality middle, than has the a roundouter mosaicshape red,from black, bubbly, and opaque, green redand with transparent a yellow glass in yellow, white, blue, turquoise, orange, indicates that the layer is considered valuable. mm) orange spiral beads and orange bead Perhapsmeasuring the 1.2 mosaic cm long. layer A wasthin importedmosaic layer from dominant color. The small Indo-Pacific (1 Srivijaya Kingdom in Sumatera, where local in Nusa Tenggara (Little Sunda Islands) in striped mosaic beads were found and also Indonesia.are called “mutisala”, Twisted bead and is are made highly by valuedwrapping mosaic slabs from West Asia (Francis, Jr.,

Therefore, the shape is uneven, one or both sidesa thin end, liquid and glass rather once resemble or twice a on piece a wire. of 1991;The Bottenberg, mosaic glass 2010; layer Nani, is made 2010; by Wolters,forming a spring being beheaded, also often found a2011; glass and slab Wang of colored & Jackson, glass 2014).rods in a parallel arrangement. The glass is heated, so that it is Koleini et al soft and stretched causing the glass rods to attached (Francis, Jr., 1991; Nani, 2010; and characteristic., 2016). of Chinese bead, allegedly from Glass and its manufacturing techniques are blendImport together Beads (Francis,. Imported Jr., 1991; beads Adhyatman from . Based on chemical analysis, the & Arifin, 1993; and Nani, 2010). glassthe Guangzhou has high lead (Canton) content region and barium.in Guangdong The it is numbering seven items. While local earliest gyre beads, on the IX-X century site, Banten’s systematic excavation findings, fragmentary conditions. The seven imported and Barus in North Sumatra, Indonesia. beads areamount presented to quite in athe lot table in whole 1. and Sincewere foundthe eighteenth in Korea; century, Sarawak along in Malaysia; with the International Trade in the Port of Banten. The main feature of the Banten main trade in Southeast Asia, the opportunity urban cluster before Islam consisted of two disappearance of the Indo-Pacific bead as the inseparable parts, namely the City of Banten and there was also a technology transfer Girang and the Port of Banten, although the offor manufacture the spread of in Chinese Banten beadsGirang was (Francis, opened;

distance between them was around 10 km. © 2019 Minda Masagi Press owned by ASPENSI in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia 7 p-ISSN 2085-0980, e-ISSN 2685-2284, and www.journals.mindamas.com/index.php/tawarikh WAN IRAMA, NINA HERLINA & MUMUH MUHSIN ZAKARIA, Beads in Banten Girang Site

Table 1: Imported Beads from Banten

No. Beads Quantity Form 1. Golden Glass 1 Eye Mosaic 1 ofTong white, shape, red, 6 yellow, mm long. and Coated blue. by gold or some kind of gold. 2. Polychrome 4 ThreeAllegedly round from beads West and Asia. one Round eips. Oneshape of withthe more the appearance faded colors of of a combinationthe other three beads. Ornament that has a choppy image pattern. The color 3. combination is a white red color on the base of the coket. 4. 1

Yellow Bead A bead that cannot be identified with basic ingredients. Round shape, p.1.5 cm.

Not much information about the Port of headed for Lebak continued to Bogor, then Banten. From Chinese ceramics originating while to the north of Bogor continued to (the X century and reaching its intensity joined the road from Caringin to Muara Beres; betweenfrom the T’ang,the XIII Song, to XIV and century) Yuan dynasties proved that the port had functioned in the Banten Karawanget and al Cirebon (Michrob, 1987; Guillot, Girang period. Its means that the commercial 1990;Thus, Guillot, the picture Nurhakim of the & Wibisono,economic 1996:76-axis of interaction between two places in upstream the77; LubisKingdom of., 2011; Banten and was Wibisono, the position 2013). of and downstream has been connected with long-distance local and regional commercial the capital and the position of Banten in the networks, especially between Banten Girang downstreamBanten Girang as in a thecoastal Upper port. Cibanten In this context,River as and China (Guillot, Nurhakim & Wibisono, Tomé Pires, as cited in Armando Cortesao ed.

Banten on the coast as follows: 1996; Zahorka, 2007; Apridar, 2012; Wibisono, (2005), gave testimony to what he saw about 2013:115-116; and Reid, 2014 and 2015). It is place of trade [...]. The city has the captain, In this context, Diego de Couto (1778- who is much respected [...] it has quantity of , it has quantity of rice, foodstufffs and pepper Guillot,1788) – Lukman as cited alsoNurhakim in Theooore & Sonny G.Th. Wibisono Pigeaud & H.J. de Graaf (1976) and Claude was the city which located in the middle of a How(Cortesao did ed., the 2005:170). beads enter Banten Girang? huge(1996) bay, – said four that hundred the form fathoms of Banten long onport the From the excavations in Banten Girang, sea side, longer on the side of the land. In imported beads were found from West Asia. one part of the city, there was a a fort with a seven-inch wide brick wall, and the upper part of the wall was wooden, two stories high. In addition, from the findings of Chinese Bantenceramics Girang during and the China Yuan was dynasty expanding (1280- 1368), it can be indicated that trade between The fort was equipped with strong weapons (Couto,Meanwhile, 1778-1788; the axis Pigeaud connecting & Graaf, the 1976; port (Guillot, Nurhakim & Wibisono, 1996; Nayati, withand Guillot, Banten Nurhakim Girang consists & Wibisono, of three 1996:76). aspects, 1994;Therefore, Puslit Arkenas, there was 1998; a strong Barnes, suspicion 2010; thatand Apridar,the creation 2012). of beads in Banten Girang on the left and right. This old road by local was started by Chinese immigrants in the late namely: the Cibanten River and two roads XIII century or XIV century. The allegation was Street), namely the road that starts from in line with the cessation of making beads, theresidents west port, is called and “Jalanthe other ” road (Sultan from the due to the collapse of the Srivijaya Empire in east port. Both of them followed the river Sumatera, in the XIII century, so as to provide to the south along the Karang, Pulasari, and opportunities for Chinese-made beads to Aseupan volcanoes. The road on the right enter the Indonesian archipelago market, bank branched off, and one of the branches especially in Banten Girang (Guillot, Nurhakim

© 2019 Minda Masagi Press owned by ASPENSI in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia p-ISSN 2085-0980, e-ISSN 2685-2284, and www.journals.mindamas.com/index.php/tawarikh 8 TAWARIKH: Journal of Historical Studies, Volume 11(1), October 2019

Figure 1:

Reconstruction of Hasanudin Journey (Source: Wibisono,The 2013:115) existence of the silk lane lies behind the interdependence between nations on the & Wibisono, 1996; Munoz, 2006; Bottenberg, mainland of Asia and Europe. Dependence it2010; was Wolters,known a 2011; trade androute Leur, called 2015). the silk was the beginning of the world's link and the Referring to trade relations with China, beginning of the development of European lines, namely: the north and south lines. The and Chinese cultures that had the silk and northernline. The Silkroute Road passed was Bulgar-Kypchakdivided into two to pottery commodities needed by India, eastern Europe and the Crimean peninsula then to the Black Sea, the Marmara Sea, and the Balkans to Venice. Meanwhile, the the , and Europe (Sobri, 2000; southern route through Turkestan-Khorasan Krugman & Obstfeld,th century, 2004; Constantinople Apridar, 2012; as to Mesopotamia and Anatolia continued to Hansen, 2012; and Tarigan, 2017). See figure 1. Anlokla in southern Anatolia and then to In the 15 the Mediterranean or through the Levant to the capital of the eastern Roman empire as well as a “market” for countries in Europe ofwas spice conquered buying andby the selling Ottoman activities Turks were under Egypt and North Africa (Sobri, 2000; Read, turnedMuhammad off, so al-Fatih. that Europeans When the were conquests isolated 2008;Commodities Hansen, 2012; in silk Leur, lines 2015; other and than Tarigan, silk2017:52). were gold, spices, ivory, and handicraft for the exploration of Europeans to Asia to items from China and the Middle East. This by European trade. This was the first step silk line connected the mainland of Asia and Europe as well as spreading goods, which at thefind history sources of of land spices trade and to early marine colonization trade that time was very important, namely spices of Western nations to Asia; and change produced by India. From mainland Asia, spices were brought to Europe precisely in (KrugmanIn around & Obstfeld,the XIV century 2004; Reid, to the 2014 beginning and the largest market, namely Constantinople. of2015; the XVCapar, century 2017; AD and (Anno Tarigan, Domini 2017:52).), there

© 2019 Minda Masagi Press owned by ASPENSI in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia p-ISSN 2085-0980, e-ISSN 2685-2284, and www.journals.mindamas.com/index.php/tawarikh 9 WAN IRAMA, NINA HERLINA & MUMUH MUHSIN ZAKARIA, Beads in Banten Girang Site

References ofwere Bengal five internationalnetwork covering trade the networks coast of or Manik- thecommercial Coromandel zones, in Southnamely: India, (1) theSri Lanka,Bay manik di Indonesia. Jakarta: Penerbit Djambatan. Burma or Myanmar, as well as the north and Adhyatman, Sumarah Text& Redjeki Book ofArifin. Logistics (1993). and Supply Chain Management. New Delhi, India: McMillan, Ltd. Agrawal, D.K. (2003). Act East: ASEAN- Malacca Strait Network, from the Malacca India Shared Cultural Heritage Straitwest coasts to the ofeast, Sumatera, among others,Indonesia; to Indonesia (2) the AIC [ASEAN-India Centre]. (2019). . New Delhi, India: RIS Available[Research online and Information also at: System] for Developing East Coast of the Malacca Peninsula, which is Countries and AIC [ASEAN-India Centre] at RIS. knownand other as theSoutheast South ChinaAsian Searegions; trade (3) network, the http://www.ris.org.in/aic/ sites/default/files/Publication [accessed in Bandung, (4) the Sulu Sea Network, covering the BantenWest Java, Girang, Indonesia: Serang, September West Java”. 19, Stencils 2019]. Report. including Thailand and South Vietnam; Ambary, Hasan M. (1989). “Archaeological Research Center, the Ford Foundation, and the Ministry of Cebu, Mindanao in the Philippines, and the Jakarta: The National Archaeological Research northwest coast coast of of the Kalimantan island of Luzon,in Indonesia Mindoro, and Ekonomi Internasional GrahaEducation Ilmu. and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia. islands of Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, the west Apridar. (2012). . Yogyakarta: Malaysia; (5) Java Sea Network, covering the Available online at: coast of Kalimantan, Java, and the southern Barnes, Laurie E. (2010). “Yuan Dynasty Ceramics”. https://www.academia. edu/25994113/Yuan_Dynasty_Ceramics [accessed in partThus, of Sumatra in line with(Read, the 2008; height Nugroho, of trade 2010; Bandung, West Java, Indonesia:Academy September of Management 19, 2018]. Biggart, Nicole Woolsey & Rick Delbridge. (2004). inLeur, Banten 2015; Girang, and AIC, especially 2019). when Banten Review at:“Systems of Exchange” in became the second port of the Sunda , Vol.29, No.1, pp.28-49. Available online also Kingdom as reported by Tomé Pires, beads https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/4ce3/22a22ea became one of the commodities traded 3eaf30df16db579c6fecd03b13e28.pdf [accessed in in the port of Banten (cf Tjandrasasmita, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: August 17, 2018]. Blanc, Jerome.Monetary (2018). Plurality “Making in Local, Sense Regional, of the Plurality and Global of EconomiesMoney: A Polanyian Attempt” in Georgina M. Gomez online[ed]. also at: 1991; Guillot, Nurhakim & Wibisono, 1996; . : Routledge, pp.48-66. Available Cortesao ed., 2005; Zahorka, 2007; and Reid, https://halshs.archives-ouvertes. CONCLUSION2014 and 2015). fr/halshs-01555623v2/document [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: January 25, 2019]. Banten Girang was a city that developed Bloembergen,Post-Colonial Marieke Perspectives & Martijn on Eickhoff. the ‘Discovery’ (2012). of the since the X century, then developed rapidly Prehistoric“The Colonial Past Archaeological of Indonesia” Hero in Gisela Reconsidered: Eberhardt into a port city in the Banten region. After Historiographical Approaches to Past Archaeological Research. Berlin: Berlin & Fabian Link [eds]. Kingdom, the port of Banten became the also at: secondBanten portGirang of wasthe Sunda conquered Kingdom, by the especially Sunda Studies of the Ancient World 32. Available online around the XV-XVI century as witnessed by https://edoc.hu-berlin.de/bitstream/ Tomé Pires, when visiting the Sunda Kingdom handle/18452/5945/133.pdf?sequence=1 [accessed or Pakuan Padjadjaran Kingdom. in Bandung,Unpublished West Java, M.A.Indonesia: Thesis. August : 28, 2018]. Bottenberg,Leiden University. Roy-William. Available (2010). online “Ś�riwijaya: also at: Myth or As the second international port of the Reality?”. Kingdom of Sunda, in the port of Banten, journals. This paper is purely our own ideas, formulas,https:// and there were trade contacts with various research, without helping of others, except the direction of nations in the world, including people from Promoter Team. In this paper, there is no copyright works or opinion that has been written or published by others, except in West Asia. The trade commodities at that writing clearly listed as a reference in the text with the name of

our copyright works to journal of TAWARIKH for publishing all used as jewelry for bracelets, necklaces, and the authors and listed in the References. We would like to give earrings.time included Chinese ceramics; and beads claim any royalty about it. Finally, we have made this statement 15 of/or part this paper as the interest of sciences; and we don’t Statement: Herewith, we declare that our paper is an statement, then, we are willing to accept the sanction based on original15 and has never been submitted for another scholarly thein truth; international and if there journalism is any distortion ethics. and untruth in this

© 2019 Minda Masagi Press owned by ASPENSI in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia p-ISSN 2085-0980, e-ISSN 2685-2284, and www.journals.mindamas.com/index.php/tawarikh 10 TAWARIKH: Journal of Historical Studies, Volume 11(1), October 2019

core.ac.uk/download/pdf/15606570.pdf [accessed stable/42928244?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents Glass”in Bandung, in Proceedings West Java, of Indonesia: XVII International September Congress 9, 2018]. [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: August Brill,on R.H. Glass, (1995). Volume “Scientific 1. Beijing: Research Chinese in Ceramic Early Asian Society, 17, 2018].Indonesia: A Country Study Frederick, William H. & Robert L. Worden [eds]. (2011). th edition and. 1USAst printing. [United pp.270-279. Available online also at: https:// AvailableStates of America]: online also Library at: of Congress Cataloging- pdfwww.cmog.org/sites/default/files/collections/ in-Publication Data, 6 FB/FB60BC87-E3E0-45C9-B363-6A2B5BF87F55. http://www.loc.gov/rr/ [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: frd/cs/pdf/CS_Indonesia.pdfA Guide [accessed to Historical in Bandung, andSeptember Its Inhabitants: 9, 2018]. Administration, Society, and MethodWest Java, Indonesia: August 17, 2018]. Capar, Ali. (2017). “A Portrayal of an Ottoman City Garraghan, Gilbert J. (1946).Mengerti Sejarah. Jakarta: Theses and Dissertations . New York: Fordham University Press. AvailableEconomy onlinein Ottoman also at:Antakya (Antioch), 1750- Gottschalk,by Nugroho Louis. Notosusanto. (1985). 1840” in , No.2535. Penerbit UI [UniversitasThe SultanateIndonesia] of Press, Banten translated. Jakarta: http://scholarworks.uark. Gramedia Book Publishing Division. edu/etd/2535 [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Guillot, Claude,Claude. Lukman (1990). Nurhakim & Sonny Wibisono. Indonesia: September 19, 2018]. Banten Sebelum Zaman Islam: Kajian Arkeologi Cheah, Hwei-Fe'n.BEADS: (2003). Journal “Beads of the in Society the Straits of Bead di Banten Girang. Jakarta: Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi Researchers,Settlements: Trade and Domestic Demand, 1827- (1996). also1937” at: in Volume 15, pp.23-39. Available online inNasional Proceedings and É� cole française d’Extrême-Orient. https://surface.syr.edu/beads/vol15/ Hall,Annual Robert. Convention. (2014). “The Palembang, Origin of Sundaland” , iss1/5 [accessed in Bandung,The West Suma Java, Oriental Indonesia: of of Sundaland Resources, MGEI TomeAugust Pires 17, (1512-1512):2018]. An Account of the East, from at: Cortesao,Red Sea Armando to China [ed].. New (2005). Delhi: Asian Educational Indonesia: 17-18 November. Available online also Services. http://searg.rhul.ac.uk/pubs/hall_2014%20 Da Asia: Decada IV-XII. Sundaland%20origin.pdfThe Silk [accessed Road: A in New Bandung, History. London:West Java, Oxford Indonesia: University September Press. 2, 2018]. Couto, Diego de. (1778-1788).Sunda: Sejarah, Hansen, Valerie. (2012).Metode Sejarah Politik,Lisboa: dan10 Tomos, Budaya I. andBandung: II. Sastra UNPAD Dienaputra, Reiza D. (2011). Herlina,Barat, Nina. second (2015). edition. . Bandung: YMSI also at: [Yayasan Masyarakat SejarawanSumber-sumber Indonesia] Asli Sejarah Jawa [Universitas Padjadjaran] Press. Avalable online Jakarta, Jilid I: Dokumen-dokumen Sejarah Jakarta politik.pdfhttp://pustaka.unpad.ac.id/wp-content/ Heuken,sampai S.J. dengan Adolf. (1999). Akhir Abad ke-16. Jakarta: Cipta Loka uploads/2014/03/sunda_sejarah_budaya_dan_ Caraka, Translation. [accessed in Bandung,Tinjauan West Kritis Java, tentang Catalgus der SajarahIndonesia: Banten. August Jakarta: 28, 2018]. Penerbit Djambatan Praehistorische Verzameling. Bandoeng: A.C. Nix. Djajadiningrat, Hoesein. (1983). Hoop, A.N.J.Th. van der. (1941).Trade and Society in the Straits of Melaka: Dutch Melaka and English Penang, 1780- frombekerjasama Critische dengan Beschouwing KITLV van[Koninklijk de Javaansche Instituut Hussin,1830 Nordin. (2007). Geschiedshrijving.voor Taal-Land-en Haarlem, Volkenkunde], Nederland: translated John . Singapore: NIAS [Nordic Institute of Asian The History of Beads: From Studies] Press. Available online also at: https:// 30,000Enschedé B.C. en to Zonen, the Present. 1913. London: Thames & www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:858499/ Dubin,Hudson, Lois Sherr. concise (1995). edition. FULLTEXT01.pdf [accessed in Bandung, West Java, AnginIndonesia: Site” September in AMERTA 2, Journal 2018]., No.4. The History of Beads: From 100,000 B.C. to the Indraningsih. (1981). “Beads in Indonesia: The Pasir Dubin,Present. Lois Sherr. (2009). “Prayer Beads” in C. Kenney Triumph at the Falls: The Louisville and Portland [ed]. Johnson,Canal Leland. Louisville, R. & Kentucky:Charles E. Parrish.Louisville (2007). District, U.S. New York: AbramsKebudayaan Publishing, Sunda:revised and Army Corps of Engineers. Available online also at: Zamanexpanded Pajajaran edition,. Jakarta:pp.79-92. Pustaka Jaya. Ekadjati, Edi Suhardi. (2005). Islam” in JAWI https://www.lrl.usace.army.mil/Portals/64/docs/ Faisal. (2018). “Islam Nusantara and the Essence of Ops/Navigation/TriumphAtTheFalls.pdf [accessed Southeast Asia”., Vol.1, A Paper No.1, for pp.125-146. Contribution of the Indiain Bandung, and Furnace-Wound West Java, Indonesia: Beads at August Purdalpur: 28, 2018]. Francis, Peter. (1989). “Beads and the Bead Trade in Kanungo,An Ethno-Archaeological Alok Kumar. (2004). Approach” “Glass Beads in Asian in Ancient Perspectives Center for Bead Research, 4 Lake Placid, New York Available online also at: AsianUSA [United Perspectives, States of America]. , Volume 43(1), Spring, pp.123-150. Francis,Available Jr., Peter. online (1991). also at: “Beads in Indonesia” in https://core.ac.uk/ Vol.30, No.2, pp.217-241. download/pdf/5105475.pdf [accessed in Bandung, https://www.jstor.org/ West Java, Indonesia: September 2, 2018]. © 2019 Minda Masagi Press owned by ASPENSI in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia 11 p-ISSN 2085-0980, e-ISSN 2685-2284, and www.journals.mindamas.com/index.php/tawarikh WAN IRAMA, NINA HERLINA & MUMUH MUHSIN ZAKARIA, Beads in Banten Girang Site

et al Arkeologi” in AMERTA: Berkala Arkeologi, No.14. Koleini,Africa: Farahnaz Separating .Pre-Seventeenth-Century (2016). “Unravelling the GlassAsian Nasrudin. (1993/1994). “Manik-manik dalam Kajian ImportsTrade Bead from Sequence Later European from Magoro Counterparts” Hill, South in Heritage Science PerspektifJakarta: Pusat Arkeologi” Penelitian in JurnalArkeologi Papua, Nasional, pp.1-12. online also at: Nasrudin. (2016). “Artefak Manik-manik dalam , on December 22. Available Vol.8, No.1 https://heritagesciencejournal. [Juni], pp.81-94. Available online also at: https:// springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40494-016- jurnalarkeologipapua.kemendikbud.go.id/-index. 0113-2 [accessed in Bandung, West Java,Ekonomi Indonesia: php/jpap/article/view/11/176 [accessed in Internasional:September 9, 2018]. Teori dan Kebijakan. Jilid 1. Jakarta: SitesBandung, in the West Indonesian Java, Indonesia: Archipelago August in the 28, Sixteenth 2018]. Krugman,Indeks Paul Kelompok & Maurice Gramedia, Obstfeld. translated (2004). by Faisal Nayati,and Widya. Seventeenth (1994). Centuries: “The Archaeology Possibilities of Trading and Basri. Limitations of the Evidence”. Unpublished M.A. Metodologi Sejarah Thesis. Canberra: The Australian National University. : Peradaban Kuntowijoyo. (2003). . Yogyakarta: Maritim Ketika Nusantara Menjadi Pengendali Jurusan Ilmu SejarahPerdagangan UGM [Universitas dan Masyarakat Gadjah Nugroho,Pelabuhan Irawan Dunia Djoko.. Jakarta: (2010). Penerbit Suluh Indonesia:Mada] bekerja Esai-esai sama tentang dengan Sejarah Tiara Wacana Sosial danYogya. Nuswantara Bakti. Leur,Ekonomi J.C. Van. Asia (2015). Islamic Translation. States in Java, 1500-1700: A Summary, Biliography, Lubis, Nina H. et al. Yogyakarta:Sejarah Penerbit Provinsi Ombak, Jawa Barat. Pigeaud,and Index Theooore. The Hague: G.Th. & Martinus H.J. de Graaf. Nijhoff. (1976). Bandung: Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Barat. Lubis, Nina H. et al.. (2011). Sejarah Kerajaan Sunda. Economic Anthropology. Polanyi, Karl. (1977). “Traders and Marketplaces” in (2013). Harry W. Pearson [ed].Sajarah Banten: Suntingan Bandung: YMSI [Yayasan Masyarakat Sejarawan danCalifornia: Terjemahan Stanford Teks University KBG 183 Press, pp.171-208. IlmuIndonesia] Pengetahuan Cabang SosialJawa Barat Sekolah bekerjasama Menengah dengan Pudjiastuti, Titik. (2010). MGMP IPS SMP [Musyawarah Mata Pelajaran . Jakarta: Perpusnas RI Lubis, Nina H. et al. Sejarah Banten: Membangun [PerpustakaanArchaeological Nasional Remains Republik of Indonesia].Banten Lama. TradisiPertama] dan Kabupaten Peradaban Purwakarta.. Serang: Penerbit BAPISIPDA PuslitJakarta: Arkenas Pusat [Pusat Penelitian Penelitian Arkeologi Arkeologi Nasional, Nasional]. (2014). Departemen(1998). Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. Available Jawa Barat. online also at: [Badan Perpustakaan dan Arsip Daerah] Provinsi http://repositori.kemdikbud. McCarthy, Martha. (1987). “Economic History Theme go.id/3951/1/archeological%20remainet al Kota Banten [accessed Lama: in Study: Steamboats on the Rivers and Lakes of MengelolaBandung, West Warisan Java, untuk Indonesia: Masa September Depan. Jakarta: 2, 2018]. Manitoba, 1859-1896”. Available online at: https:// Rahardjo,Wedatama Supratikno Widya Sastra.. (2011). www.gov.mb.ca/chc/hrb/internal_reports/pdfs/ Penjelajah Bahari. Bandung: Steamboats_Rivers_Lakes_Manitoba.pdf [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: August 28, 2018]. Read, Dick. (2008).The Phantom Voyagers: Evidence of Michrob,Indonesia” Halwany. in Theses: (1987). Historic “A Hypothetical Preservation IndonesianPenerbit Mizan Settlement Media inUtama, Africa translated in Ancient Edrijani Times. AvailableReconstruction online of also the at: Islamic City of Banten, Azwaldi from , No.243. Early Etched Beads and the Indus- http://repository.upenn. MesopotamiaEngland: Thurlton Trade. Publishing, London: British 2005. Museum edu/hp_theses/243 [accessed in Bandung, West Reade, J. (1979). CatatanJava, Indonesia: Masa Lalu September Banten. Serang: 2, 2018]. Penerbit Saudara. Asia Tenggara dalam Kurun Michrob, Halwany & A. Mudjahid Chudari. (1993). Niaga,Occasional 1450-1680, Paper, No.2. Jilid 1: Tanah di Bawah Angin. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis. Reid, Anthony. (2014). Milevski,Israel: Ianir Tel Aviv Isaac. University. (2005). “Local Available Exchange online in also Early at: Translation. Bronze Age Canaan”. Jakarta: Yayasan PustakaAsia Tenggara Obor Indonesia, dalam Kurun Niaga, 1450-1680, Jilid 2: Jaringan Perdagangan http://primage.tau.ac.il/libraries/theses/humart/ Reid,Global. Anthony. (2015). Mundardjitofree/002002002.pdf et al [accessed in Bandung, West Translation. Java, Indonesia: August 17, 2018].Archaeological Research Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia, News . (1978). “Report of the 1976 Banten and Spatial Distribution” in T.K. Earle & J.E. Ericson Archaeological Research” in Renfrew, C.Exchange (1977). “AlternativeSystems in Prehistory Models for Exchange , published by ResearchEarly Center Kingdoms for ARKENAS of the Indonesian[Arkeologi Nasional]Archipelago in andJakarta, the MalayIndonesia. Peninsula. [eds]. Archaeology:. New Theories, York: Munoz,Singapore: Paul Michel. Editions (2006). Didier Millet. Methods,Cornell University and Practice Press,. London: pp.71-90. Oxford University Renfrew,Press. C. & P. Bahn. (1994). Penelitian Arkeologi” in Jurnal Walennae, Nani, Somba. (2010). “Analisis Manik-manik dalam Vol.12, Sedyawati, Edi & Djafar. (2012). “Kerajaan Hindu No.2, pp.133-142. Buddha” in Taufik Abdullah & Adrian B. Lapian

© 2019 Minda Masagi Press owned by ASPENSI in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia p-ISSN 2085-0980, e-ISSN 2685-2284, and www.journals.mindamas.com/index.php/tawarikh 12 TAWARIKH: Journal of Historical Studies, Volume 11(1), October 2019

Indonesia dalam Arus Sejarah, PT Ikhtiar Baru van Hoeve bekerjasama dengan pdf [eds]. Jilid 2. Jakarta: kota_banten_lama_its_relation_to_the_silk_route. [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: Kemdikbud RI [KementerianMetodologi Pendidikan Sejarah dan. ofSeptember Glass Compositions 19, 2018]. around the South China Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia]. Wang, Kuan-Wen & Carolinest Millennium Jackson. (2014). BC to “Athe Review 1st Sjamsuddin, Helius. (2007). A Handbook on Beads. Millennium AD): Placing Iron Age Glass Beads Netherlands:Yogyakarta: Penerbit Liberty CupOmbak. Book. fromSea Region Taiwan (the in Context”Late 1 in Journal of Indo-Pacific Sleen, W.G.N. vanPerdagangan der. (1967). Internasional dan Archaeology Permasalahannya Sobri. (2000). th to, 17Volumeth Century 34, pp.51-60. Banten Forestry Trading” Sistem One Belt One. Yogyakarta: Road (Jalur Penerbit Sutra Tiongkok) BPFE. Wibisono.in KALPATARU: (2013). “Developing Archaeological Regions Magazine, Under the Wind Tarigan,terhadap Khairin Perdagangan Ulyani. (2017). Internasional “Implikasi di Penerapan Indonesia”. in the 15 Skripsi Sarjana Tidak Diterbitkan. Medan: Kemaharajaan Maritim Vol.22, Sriwijaya &No.2 Perdagangan [November]. Dunia Abad III – VII. Jakarta: Wolters,Komunitas O.W. (2011). Bambu, translated by Edy Sembodo. onlineDepartemen also at: Hukum Ekonomi FH USU [Fakultas The Sunda Kingdom of West Hukum, Universitas Sumatera Utara]. Available Java: From to with pdf http://repositori.usu.ac.id/ Zahorka,the Royal Herwig. Center (2007). of Bogor bitstream/handle/123456789/4520/140200039. Loka Caraka. [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: Metode. PenelitianJakarta: Yayasan Kepustakaan Cipta . September 19, 2018]. Paper Tjandrasasmita,for International Uka. Seminar (1991). “TheHarbour Development Cities Along of Kota Zed, Mestika. (2008). Banten Lama: Its Relation to the Silk Route”. AvailableJakarta: Penerbit online at: YOI [Yayasan Obor Indonesia]. Zubair, Nadine. (2017). “Etched Carnelian Beads”. the Silk Roads, in , , Indonesia, https://www.harappa.com/ on January 9-14. Available online also at: https:// blog/etched-carnelian-beads [accessed in Bandung, en.unesco.org/silkroad/sites/silkroad/files/ West Java, Indonesia: September 2, 2018]. knowledge-bank-article/the_development_of_

© 2019 Minda Masagi Press owned by ASPENSI in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia p-ISSN 2085-0980, e-ISSN 2685-2284, and www.journals.mindamas.com/index.php/tawarikh 13 WAN IRAMA, NINA HERLINA & MUMUH MUHSIN ZAKARIA, Beads in Banten Girang Site

Banten Girang Site (Source:

Banten Girang was a city that developed sincehttps://bantenhits.com the X century, then ,developed 19/9/2018) rapidly into a port city in the Banten

Sunda Kingdom, especially around the XV-XVI century as witnessed by Tomé Pires, when visiting the Sunda Kingdom region.or Pakuan After Pajajaran Banten Kingdom.Girang was conquered by the Sunda Kingdom, the port of Banten became the second port of the

14 © 2019 Minda Masagi Press owned by ASPENSI in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia p-ISSN 2085-0980, e-ISSN 2685-2284, and www.journals.mindamas.com/index.php/tawarikh