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Revival of the Old City of Banten

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Revival of the Old City of Banten POLITECNICO DI MILANO School of Architecture Urban Planning Construction Engineering Master of Science In Architecture and Preservation Master Project Thesis REVIVAL OF THE OLD CITY OF BANTEN Supervisor: Prof. Maria Cristina Colombo Student: Mariyam Yasmin Baagil - 833289 ABSTRACT 01 INDEX The Old City of Banten is a bordered area in the West of Java Island, recognized as a National Heritage Site of Indonesia, where historical heritage in architectural and archeological forms 02 ABSTRACT are situated. It displays the legacies of what once was one of the most powerful kingdom in 03 INTRODUCTION the Archipelago of Indonesia, influential trading port in South-East Asia, and a bold evident of 10 CHAPTER 1 : CULTURAL HERITAGE CHALLENGES AND REVIVAL TOOLS cultural and religious values. 11 1.1 Challenges on the Cultural Heritage Despite its outstanding historical, architectural, and cultural values, it is not invulnerable to 12 1.2 Answering the Challenges challenges that appear to heritage. It is currently challenged to cope with the new 15 1.3 Tools of the Old City of Banten Revival Project environment development surrounding it. The tourism is no longer actively happen due to 16 CHAPTER 2: HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF INDONESIAN HERITAGE, THE OLD CITY OF BANTEN lack of proper management and community`s knowledge, which is followed by emergence of 17 2.1 Banten Girang: One of Indonesian International Trading Ports illegal settlement, vandalism, and alike. 21 2.2 The Rise of Banten Muslim State 24 2.3 The Sultanate of Banten: Powerful Kingdom of The Archipelago This revival project aims to overcome the issues and answer the challenges using layers of law 27 2.4 Banten Crisis and European Arrival and regulations, from International to local scope. The regulations and law become the 29 2.5 Banten Dynamic Recovery and Economy Power Expansion framework on how to revive the Old City, through an integrated strategic planning approach 32 2.6 Banten Civil War: The End of The Reign which covers the aspects of the city and its people. To restore the connection between the old 34 CHAPTER 3: THE OLD CITY OF BANTEN TODAY city and the people is the main aim of the revival project. 35 3.1 Geographical And Demographical Context Analysis The project thesis build up a careful strategic planning which acknowledge the issues and 42 3.2 Law Basis Under The Old City of Banten propose an intervention needed to achieve the goals of the project. The methods taken is the 56 3.3 The Old City of Banten Today beginning for The Old City of Banten to continue to thrive and be prepared for challenges that 68 CHAPTER 4: REVIVAL OF THE OLD CITY OF BANTEN might appear in the future. 69 4.1 Project Area 73 4.2 Site Survey 83 4.3 Analysis and Diagnosis 89 4.4 Project Vision 91 4.5 Project Goals and Actions Keywords: The Old City of Banten, Cultural Heritage, Law and Regulation, Local Community, 120 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION 121 5.1 Project Monitoring and Evaluation Plan Integrated Strategic Planning, Tourism, To Connect The City and The People. 123 5.2 Conclusion 124 BIBLIOGRAPHY 01 02 Revival of The Old City of Banten Introduction A. PRIMARY OBJECTIVES Indonesia is a nation with a long history that made it what it is today. It roughly went through six stages of big historical phases. These phases, left the archipelago with a lot of valuable heritage, in various forms, spread all over its land. Being a developing country that Indonesia is, historical heritage is struggling to cope. This thesis project is taking one example of this phenomenon and aim to build a strategic planning to revive: The Old city of Banten. The Old City of Banten was once a territory of one of the most powerful sultanates in Revival Of The Old City Of Banten Indonesia in 16th century. It was known to be among the most significant ports in the land of Java during the third historical phase, when Islam ruled, until colonialism. It was also one of the most powerful kingdom that fought the colonialism. It was one of the most significant political and economy power in the land of Java in the archipelago, Introduction before the Republic of Indonesia was formed. Its reign ended during the encounter with the Dutch during colonialism. The historic site has remaining of several buildings, fortifications and ruins spread in over 10 ha area. It is now a recognized national Cultural Heritage Area, which is, “a geographical A. Primary Objectives space unit which has two or more cultural heritage site that is located near to each B. Research Questions other and/or show similarities on typical spatial characteristics” (Constitution of Republic of Indonesia, Number 11, year 2010). C. Research Method Despite the recognition and great potentialities that it has, The Old City of Banten is D. Project Approach currently in a poor state. Illegal housing, disorganized tourism activities, lack of public E. Expected Outcomes facilities and infrastructure are few of the issues that it is facing. The Old City of Banten is practically beaten by its new environment, and almost forgotten. Absence of proper organization and planning are believed to be the main causes to this condition. The primary objective of this thesis project is to initiate a careful analysis leading to an elaborated planning to revive the historic site of the Old City of Banten. It aims to bring back the important past that this site carries, as part of the important historical trace of Indonesia. The approach will be integrated with different parties involved what would have the competence to sustain the goal: government, communities, tourist, and society in general. 03 04 Revival of The Old City of Banten Introduction B. RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1) Site/Context Analysis: to understand the physical/geographical facts, boundaries of the area, current state, infrastructure, traffic, network, issues of the site in The main research question is: various scale and layers. What kind of strategic planning that would successfully revive the Old City of Banten? 2) Demographic study of the place, to better understand the stakeholders that This main research question is then followed by further interrogation concerning the involve in this project. A strong example of an evident stakeholder is the current strategic planning. illegal settlers that heavily populate the historical site. As much as these settlers are illegal: they have been living there from generations, and they have been (1) What are the answers to the challenges that cultural heritage such as The Old dwelling their lives here. Therefore, a careful approach followed by study of the City of Banten is facing in today`s era; law, is needed in order to make all parties/stakeholders involved being given the (2) What makes The Old City of Banten become one of the most valuable cultural best outcome possible. heritage for Indonesia to revive; 3) Site visit: to understand the current state of the site. (3) How is the current state of The Old City of Banten; 4) SWOT Analysis: to generate a structured and clear idea on the historical site (4) What further values to be applied and add up for The Old City of Banten to be current strengths and weaknesses with possible opportunities and threats, as considered UNESCO World Heritage List; knowledge to know before building up any planning on the site. (5) How to apply an effective and sustainable strategic planning to revive the Old The step to take next would be to build an elaborated potential map to indicate the City of Banten. possible actions, type of actions, area where it shall be applied, on the site. This potential map will lead to a better and more defined map of the design of the strategic planning. C. RESEARCH METHOD The method to be conducted would involve several kinds of approach. It would range D. PROJECT APPROACH from literature studies, site study/survey, and sets of analysis. The project would first The approach used for this project thesis is strategic planning. Strategic Planning is a take research on literature studies from UNESCO conferences and convention. This systematic process to define strategies or directions and decisions to pursue an would become the base of tools and understanding on how to put the importance of envisioned desired future, by translating visions into defined goals, objectives, and a Cultural and Historical Heritage and how to apply an act towards it. After having the breakdown of steps on how to achieve it (Mintzberg, 1996; WebFinance Inc, 2017). It is base in regard of heritage in general, then it will get deeper to the main object of the practically applicable to diverse types of sectors, which in this case is for a heritage project thesis, The Old City of Banten. A literature studies regarding its historical revival plan. background will take place. This will bring understanding on the important part it has as part of Indonesia long history, the complex and long history that made it an important For heritage management plan, an appropriate strategy, objectives, and actions need legacy from the past, and the understanding of its current context. This shall give a to be established together with implemented structure to manage and develop clear understanding of the outstanding value that this place has, the policies that cultural heritage in an effective and sustainable way, with attention towards how to involves in action therefore leading to an effective and sustainable strategic planning reach the equilibrium state where it could fulfill the needs of: cultural heritage, users, for The Old City of Banten. and governmental and or private/community bodies that are involved.
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