DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 083 954 HE 004 844 TITLE Essence of Black Colleges in Community Development. INSTITUTION Technical Assistance Consortium To Improve Coll. Services, Washington, D.C. SPONS AGENCY Department of Housing and Urban Development, Washington, D.C. PUB DATE [73] NOTE 12p.

EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC-$3.29 DESCRIPTORS *Community Development; *Community Programs; Educational Innovation; Environment; *Higher Education; Human Resources; Management Development; *Negro Colleges; Organizational Development; *School Community Programs; Telecommunication

ABSTRACT The response of black colleges and universities in the area of community development are discussed in relation to management and organization development, telecommunication, human resource development, educational innovations, and environmental services. Management and organization development encompasses small business development, public service delivery, and manpower utilization. Human resource development is discussed in relation to health, consumer protection and education, day care, criminal justice, and drug abuse. Environmental services emphasizes air and water pollution control and agricultural and rural efforts. Participants in the Black Colleges and Community Development Program are listed. This document is published through the Technical Assistance Consortium to Improve College Services. (MJM) FILMED FROM BEST AVAILABLE COPY

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U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION &WELFARE CO NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION DOCU.ENT HAS PEEN REPRO DkJCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM ,HE PERSON OR OR,,ANIZAT ON ORIGIN AlHNc. IT POINTS DI OE.% OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NI CFSSAkil.Y REPRE SI \T OI III IAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE 01 E Du( ATiON POSITION OR Pak ICY TACTICS is an acronym for the Technical Assis- 2.To assist the colleges in their efforts to TACTICS tance Consortium To Improve College Services. strengthen academic programs by helping them The TACTICS effort is an historic step forward in design academic support and administrative sup- the struggle of our nation's predominantly black port systems. colleges to build on their strengths and to over come the inadequate pattern of financial support they have received in the past. It depends on a 3. To establish a closer interface between federal coordinated series of on-campus services to ac- programs and the institutions for the benefit of complish the following goals: both. 1. To create a pool of deployable manpower using the most highly trained personnel in these colleges 4. To ensure that the colleges become as well as in the nation to deal with specific institu- knowledgeable about federal funding programs as tional problems identified by the colleges them. well as non-government programs from which selves. they can benefit.

Black Colleges and EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Community Development Program for Black Colleges and Community Development Program Dr. Van S. Allen Executive Director - TACTICS Dr. E. A. Boykin,President (CUrm.) Air. Mahlon J. Griffith Mississippi Valley State College Assistant Executive Director - TACTICS Dr. Vivian W. Henderson,President Ms. Cheryl J. Dobbins Clark College Associate Director for Program Development Air. William Craig Ms. Mildred J. Flowers Norfolk State College Conference Coordinator Afs. Beatrice Hunter Ms. 3,.werly A. Pettiford Washington Technical Institute Editor - TACTICS' "Interact" Mr. Walter Johnson Mr. David L. Leaver Beth une-Cookman College Ms. Deloris Foskey Herbert Dr.Suresh R. Londhe Editor, Essence of Black Colleges South Carolina State College in Community Development Mr. Eddie Martin Dr. Eugene Williams Fayetteville State University

contents page 3Introduction 4Management and Organization Development 7 Telecommunication 8 Human Resource Development 10Educational Innovations 12Environmental Services

TACTICS Cover Credit: "Awakenfrom the Unknowing,- Charcoal, 2001 S Street, N.W. 1961, from Images of Dignity: The Drawings of Charles White. Suite 503 The Ward Ritchie Press Washington, D.C. 20009 Black colleges and universities have come to understand the lessons introductionlearned through the activities and programs of community development in the past. To wit, the 70s must surely mark the advent of a new initiative on the part of business, government and the citizenry to restore equity and comprehensiveness to the state and local decision-making process.

The question is often asked,"Well, what of the many excellent minds which reside exactly has the black institution of higher on black college campuses. For the first time education been doing in the area of com- the colleges and the people need not be munity development?" Much... far more limited to the input of the one or two than they are generally given credit for hav- program specialists on their great campuses. ing provided. It is just that reason that How is such a feat to be ac- becomes one of the bases for a publication complished?The partic:pating colleges of the of this nature. "Black Colleges and Community Develop- Black colleges, in addition to improving ment Program" have suggested that the quality of the manpower force given to Research Institutes be established on programming and managing state and local selected campuses which would serve as in- governmental service systems, have chosen formation clearinghouses on the latest to take a more futuristic and comprehensivedevelopments in particular program areas, approach to developing their attendant com-have centers at which on-going research munities. Basic to this new thrust is the un- concerns of national, state and local signifi- derstanding that the community extends in cance could be directed and carried out, and actuality and impact further than the six provide forums at which authorities of na- square blocks stretching from "Hank's tional eminence would be invited to both Garage" to "Kate's Carry-out." The politicalstudy and teach. jurisdiction, its land, property and human For these institutes to become a reality, resources comprise the community that active support and program linkages must both is and has been the concern of the be developed between people in organiza- black colleges. tions, businesses and offices such as yours The approaches in the past, as evidenced and the colleges. To attempt to paint the en- by the following information, will indicate tire picture for all our member colleges is a that in both small and large terms the col- veritable impossibility; their accomplish- leges have been attempting to make a ments have been far too numerous. difference in the quality of life for not only Hopefully, however, after reading the their students but society as a whole. One bypublication you too will have developed a one, and in what to many might seem a veryclearer sense and appreciation for th- zol- personal way, the colleges have embarked leges. determination to face the demands of upon projects and concerns which have had the future squarely and forthrightly. impact for a limited number of peo- It is for that reason that you are invited to plegenerally in the immediate com- share in the "Es5ence of Black Colleges and munity. Community Development." But, as the challenges become greater and the problems more complex, the colleges realize that a more unified approach :s necessary to tackle problems which, quite similar in nature, differ only in location. The Black Colleges and Community Development Program, once realizing the substantive degree of its colleges' involve- ment, has been charged with the task of developing networks of colleges and college resource people who in collaboration with one another will constitute themselves as in- formation braintrusts to be utilized by civic organizations, businesses, governmental units, religious organizations,students - i.e., 0 3; .e the community as a whole. 14.4 The real beauty of such an arrangement is Ms. Cheryl J. Dobbins that in any given program area a single col- lege community can be as resource and Associate Director fir Program v -444411:, Development research wealthy as the collective thinking

3 managementPUBLIC POLICY DEVELOPMENT andThe City Council, Boards, Commissions, and Standing Committees in several cities are active in formulating government policy on matters organization ranging from education to redevelopment, but not all polies have been implemented effectively dut to a deficiency in communicating them to developmentthose members of the community most directly affected by them.

Particularly in the black community, a citizens and will report them to the Council sense of frustration and agitat.on has been for action; those Interns working with the generated because of this lack of older- School Board will provide much needed standing and knowledge. Sources ire not staff assistance for developing parent par- available locally to employ personnel to ticipation in policy making. serve as communications links between the In each instance, the Intern will greatly in- agencies and the populace, and, hence, there crease the capability of an agency to perform is a significant lack of accurate information its job more effectively and will thereby aid and an abundance of misinformation cir- in modifying the community services struc- culating in the black community about local ture in the city to serve the needs of the government programs particularly those citizens more adequately. which predominantly affect blacks. At one college the Mayor Pro Tem of the While the primary problem is govern- city is a member of the faculty and has indi- mental. then, the fact that local government cated that the community can expect full programs are directed toward community cooperation from the City Council and its economic development, toward education, Boards and Agencies in implementing such toward health and welfare services, and a program. Two of the voluntary associa- toward a whole range of environmental tions in the community have also expressed questions suggests that a successful and in- their interest in this project and their desire novative effort to resolve the governmental to cooperate with it. communications problem will alleviate frustration and tension in several additional SMALL BUSINESS areas of community concern. By provi iing DEVELOPMENT facts about local community programs, resi- dents can gain the knowledge necessary-to One of the more recent additions to the spe- resolve the misunderstandings developing cial projects offered to the public under the from a lack of accurate information about aegis of the Division of Extension and Con- local government and its activities. tinuing Education of a state university is the State Management Assistance Program By means of senior seminars for students (MAP) which implements a contract be- majoring in political science at several of the tween the University and the Department black universities, a link is being provided of Urban and Federal Affairs of the State of between government agencies and the com- Tennessee. It is funded by the Office of munity. Not only does the accompanying in- Minority Business Enterprise (OMBE)of ternship pr-vide valuable work experience the U.S. Department of Commerce. for the students themselves, but it also ren- ders much needed community service, and The MAP goals are to: (I)increase the aids in resolving the significant community number of new minority businesses in Ten- ti nessee; (2) strengthen existing minority en- programs by identifying services available to members of the community. terprises, (3) obtain more contracts for minority contractors; and (4) improve oppor- The function oldie Intern will be two- tunities f,,r socially or economically disad- fold: on the one hand, he will aid the agency vantaged persons to own successful busi- (the City Council, the Housing Authority, nesses in accordance with Executive Order Redevelopment Agency,School, and Plan- 11625. ning Boards) in communicating its programs The program is structuring an outreach to local citizens; and on the other hand, he program that informs minority business tite, tiaa will inform the agency of citizen needs, people throughout the state of its goals and FrTEl desires, and opinions about current purposes. It develops business packages to ieTc r programs and their operation. For example, assist clients by designing and implement- those Interns assigned to the City Council ing, where feasible, business plans for the 1,1T"; : will investigate specifically articulated and establishment of new enterprises and the tat informally expressed complaints made by improvement of existing ones.

4 Further, the program will identify PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY 1.To produce people 010 possess. self-aware- qualified business candidates and assist ness and self-safficiency which enable them in their business efforts by referring The involvement of many colleges with the them tojUnction meaningfully within a chang- those with limited management skills to the community has been continuous since thei? ing society, Minority Business Training Center or to founding. similar training programs, and by referring As life in the urban environment hils 2.To prepare students for employmou and for those with insufficient capital to other become more intense and complex, both graduate studies in those areas concerned with sources of financial assistance. It will also private and public colleges have commen- delivering human services in the social, politi- counsel clients on such matters as the pur- surately increased their participation in con- cal, and economic systems of the urban environ- pose of franchises and dealerships, and in tributing to the solution of urban problems. ment. the use of cost analysis and of internal and Beginning with its Manpower Research In- 3.To provide students and others with a criti- external control of their finances. stitute, one college has conducted such com- Especially does the Management Assis- munity-oriented programs as Early Child- cal awareness (Outman problems as a means tance Program expect to be helpful to black hood Development, Upward Bound, urban to create interaction. This approach will pro- duce people who will be able to objectively ob- contractors by making studies of the use of research through its Behavioral Science minority contractors by state agencies and Research Laboratory, and an undergraduate serve, critically analyze, and systematically at- tack urban problems. by making recommendations to state degree-granting program in social work. government and those doing business with Each of these programs has had a major im- state government for the employment of 4. To prepare for leadership roles in urban pact on the planning and implementation of affairs those citizens of the community who minority contractors. the Model City Program. The Minority Business Institute Operates have demonstrated leadership capability or po- The major thrust of the Center for Urban tential. in conjunction with the College's Division ofLiving is to bring the contributions of many Business to develop and strengthen the fields of knowledge into a controlled focus 5.To promote interaction among student. managerial and technical skills of local busi- so as to place the emphasis upon the totality faculty, and the community in the exchange of nessmen. of human endeavor, rather than upon a ideas and solutions to urban problems. it is felt At several state-wide Minority Business piecemeal approach to urban affairs. that in this Hwy the college and the community Training Centers a staff of experienced busi- To accomplish this, the colleges propose can bring together both practical and theoreti- nessmen, teachers, and consultants has been through divisions as diversely named as the cal approaches in the search for solutions to ur- created to serve in a variety of ways the Center for Urban Living, Institute for Urban ban problems. educational needs of minority businessmen Affairs and Research and Urban Resources throughout North Carolina, Florida, Center, the following objectives: In the course of pursuing these objectives Washington, D.C., Tennessee. The purpose the college will involve, as much as possible, is to help individuals and groups overcome all segments of the community, other in- the technical weaknesses that have caused stitutions, and consortia or regional group- many failures in minority business ventures. ings of institutions. Among the specific kinds of services of- fered to the minority businessmen at these Training Centers are: MANPOWER UTILIZATION In recent years, a concerted effort has 1.The use al infbnnation and .statisths On been made to raise the standard of living for .franclusing systems and other ventures relating the disadvantaged in this nation. There have to minorities. been attempts to provide better housing for the poor, increased educational oppor- 2.Compilation and proper use of state-vvide tunities for minorities, and more jobs for the computer- based minority business. directory / unemployed. Through all of these en- data file, deavors, one objective has remained para- mountto give hope to the hopeless. Some 3. Developmentof numerous detailed account- skeptics have viewed this as an "impossible ing systems of minority businesses by business dream", but this dream has been administration students through the guidance transformed into reality at a State College in of an experienced C.P.A. Virginia. For more than a decade prior to 1959, the 4. The use of infonnation on all activities in College has been deeply concerned about the state concerning training management and the passing of the unskilled worker from the technical assistance of minorities in business. American occupational scene and the development of a hard-core of unemployed 5.Placement of experienced business consul- workers. In late 1959, the College decidedto tants into areas where training and expert iw bring together its organized resources to are deficient. tackle this problem. The outgrowth was the now widely recognized and highly successful 6. Consecutive ten-weekFREE,non-cdit College Experiment. in the Training of the (uses conducted on the university campus for 1-lard-Core, Unskilled, Unemployed minority businessmen in and around the county. Worker.

5 The project, designed to overcome the in- ter-related problems of illiteracy, unemploy- ment, and racial discrimination was devised by the college. The idea was not so much to teach skilled men new skills or to help them shift ffrom dying trades to promising ones, as to make literate craftsmen out amen whose only marketable assets were their muscles. It was designed to demonstrate how vocational education, general educa- tion, and counseling can be effective in in- creasing the capabilities of unemployed, unskilled adult workers. A team was organized consisting of per- sons in five special areas: vocational and technical education, general education. sociology, adult education and administra- months of basic education, the reading Ti lining (MAT). He described the project as tion. Subsequently, an occupational spe- ability for the men classified as functional il- "one of the most important and critical ex- cialist and a social worker were added to the literates was raised an average of 1.87 years periments going on in the United States to- team. This development of the team ap- with sonic gaining as much as three years in day". proach to vocational and technical education this period. Ninety of the 100 men who began training of the hard-core unemployed was one of the Consequently, gen end education, as in- on November 15, 1962, received diplomas a important contributions of the College Ex- itially attempted by the experimenters, has year later. periment. The success of the experiment become an accepted part of the Manpower The crowning point of the Experiment was due largely to the deep devotion of the Program, incorporating language arts, num- was the elevated sense of dignity and worth project team and the instructors who dared ber skills, occupational information, and experienced by the men. The pride and to believe that they could take unemployed human relations. sense of achievement were readily apparent and defeated men, some of whom had The Secretary of Labor at that time, as the men previously labeled as shy and almost seceded from society, and restore in Willard Wirtz, assigned top priority to the withdrawn communicated confidently with them a sense of hope and usefulness as project, as overseen for Washington by thisthe men holding influential and prestigious American citizens. It was a matter of focus- Office of Manpower. Automation, and positions who visited the program. ing a variety of rich team experiences on a variety of hard-core problems. In recruiting, a deliberate effort was made to seek out the most severe cases among the hard-core unemployed. Courses were one year in length and par- ticipants received training as brick masons, automobile mechanics, maintenance and sheet metal workers, and electronic techni- cians. Fifty of the men were given intensive droas:it instruction in general education in addition 4, to the same technical training as the remain- ing fifty. From recruitment to placement, the team met hard-core problems with hard-core determination to train and rehabilitate the J. participants in the experiment. New and innovative recruitment methods were a major contribution of the experimen- tation. Teachers developed new course out- lines and improvised textbooks. Progress charts, attendance charts, and other records *A. were developed and geared to the adult 1,e hard-core. Evaluation workshops were held. Instructors experimented with individual and group instruction. Technical skill faculties and general education faculties effectively meshed the two disciplines. A variety of "live" jobs was provided. The results were gratifying. During the last six

6 Probably one of the first ques!ions that comes to mind when one sees telecom-telecommunication as it might be related to black colleges is exactly wh.:, does telecommunications entail? Gen-sally speaking, in its relation to the munication !s listed in the TACTICS Program, telecommunications involves broadcasting, cable-TV (Cable television is a superior way of receiving television pict:'res. Broadcast signals, received on sensiti eantennae at a geographically advantageous site, are fed through a network of coaxial ca- bles to the homes of individual viewers. Cable t levision also is capable of originating programming, providing the local colamunity with its own television outlet.), audio and video equipment on the campuses and in- volvement with established media (television, radio, newspaper).

A study conducted in June, 1973 by TAC- tionship with stations through student in- TICS and Cablecommunications Resource ternships and work-study programs. Several Center revealed that although black colleges of the schools are actually producing have traditionally neglected involvement in programs for use over the air as did a the areas of communications, there has been Baltimore, Maryland college in producing a a significant increase in telecommunications short series about campus concerns for a activities. For example, the survey found local station. that 15 colleges are producing instructional Instructional Fixed Service (IFS) is a programs for useoverclosed circuit television.means of transmitting instructional Some of the colleges indicated not only an materials for school use on channels other interest in offering the traditional produc- than those used for regular noncommercial tion and theory courses in broadcasting, but educational television broadcasting. As also technical courses relating to engineering many as five programs can be transmitted and mechanics. Significantly, while most of and received simultaneously in an educa- the campuses do not offer a major academic tional institution, thus largely eliminating program in broadcasting, the emphasis is on the major problem in previous educational expanding educational technology. utilization of television scheduling. Not only Probably the most interesting activity in does the system permit a given school to telecommunications carne from a Tennessee receive several different instructional medical college. Outfitted with both black programs at the same time, but the system and white and color video equipment, the creates television pathways that are no college uses its two studios for televising longer available in many geographical areas classes in all departments. Althougl there is because broadcast channels have all been no closed circuit system on campus, approx- assigned. imately 20 classes depend on video equip- At least three colleges are actively in-

.; ment for instructions. Most unusual are the volved with cable television. One Alabama exploratory talks that are presently being college campus is already equipped with held regarding using the medical school's closed circuit TV materials and capabilities Learning Resource Center as a studio when and plans to apply for a license to operate a cable television is instituted. noncommercial radio station; two other More than half of the colleges located in Florida colleges have been provided a joint wired cities reported some involvement cable system as a public service by a Cable with cable. The involvement ranged from TV in the city. It will be used as an exchange having the college president on the Board of of instructional materials between the two one of the cable companies vying for a schools via cable interconnect, and an exten- franchise to writing a proposal for a planned sion of the audience participating in sym- cable system for instructional purposes. A posium and other professional meetings strong indication of the college's foresight whereby resources or visiting personnel regarding the potential educational uses of could be shared by the faculties and students cable is shown by more than three quarters of both campuses; the other college in North of the colleges saying they would consider Carolina, hosts a weekly program over the offering courses over a cable system. city's Cablevision Inc., system called "Cape Though the majority of colleges are using Fear People," which deals with educational the mass media for public relations ac- and political issues which are of interest to tivities, many of them have a working rela- black and white people of the city.

7 T. quality of human relations not only affects each individual interac- human tan t's psychological well-being and Lis self-perception; it also affects the resowicecohesiveness of group by increasing or decreasing its in tra-group bond. Moreover, a very crucial disadvantage shared by many young black stu- developmentdents and youth from lower socio-economic strata in general is the lack of skills and awareness in handling interaction dynamics. In the Human Resource area many of the colleges are involved in programs that facilitate both the students and the residents of the community in all six areas of human resource interpersonal relationship. These six areas include drug abuse, day care, health services delivery, criminal justice, consumer protec- tion and education and mental health.

HEALTH physicians' service had not had any of these shots for years and many had had no shots Many of the colleges and universities are in- at all. volved in innovative program, in this area. Sickle Cell Anemia is a crippling and Such programs include the training of com- often fatal disease that affects one of every munity people to work with Family-Human ten blacks in the United States. Thus one Rehabilitation Coordination Services, the college. in its commitment to Afro America, main purpose of which is to train personnel has begun a Sickle Cell Anemia Screening to go into the homes and work with families Program for its campus, the county and any who need the various services offered. other interested areas. The Sickle Cell Already underway are two nutrition Screening Program utilizes a simple screen- research projects. The first seeks to deter- ing test to determine whether persons give a mine the nutritional status of pregnant positive reaction to the test. The positive adolescent girlsmost of whom are from reaction test is then analyzed further with an low-income families. The information will electrophoreis test. Those persons who then be used to design a special nutrition educa- show positive results are then counseled as tion program for this group who for to wheth-- they are sickle cell carriers or physiological reasons, are especially vulnera- whether they have the disease. The c.lege's ble to malnutrition. The second nutrition students, the initiators and main force research project will evaluate the Expanded behind the Program, are assisted by the Col- Food and Nutrition Program designed by lege Family Planning Clinic and the Depart- the U.S. Department of Agriculture for low- ment of Chemistry in the screening, income families and be operated in many analysis and counseling phases of the pro- states by the Cooperative Extension Service. ject. A nutrition survey will he conduchd in one low-income county before and alter the I8- CONSUMER PROTECTION month education program to provide an ob- AND EDUCATION jective assessment of its effectiveness. The outcome will have broad ramifications for The unit of the Statewide Consumer Educa- programs using an educational approach to tion Project which operated under the effect change in low-income communities. umbrella of the Division of Extension and Other programs include the operation of Continuing Education, is funded under Title cost-free clinics for community children I of the Higher Act of 1965. Under the over- who have serious hearing :old speech diso-- all direction of the university, ten colleges tiers. and universities and more than ten One of the many services also provided is statewide agencie, have pooled their efforts an immunizAttion program for the residents and their resources to attack problem, in (.,1 the county and surrounding areas under consumer education throughout the state tile supervision of Delta Sigma Theta over a three-year period. Sorority. This immunization program pro- The program tr.ans and furnishes vides for polio. diphtheria, whooping cough, materials I. u. consumer educators who work and tetanus vaccine to a!'eS- Infants to directly kk ith deprived families. It also pro- adults - free of charge. To date over 5(X) per- motes better consumer utilization of income sons have availed themselves of this service and develops self- initiative, and utilization since its beginning in 1971. It was discovered of occupational information and, thereby, that many of the residents in this area who raises income by in solving both the con- are now receiving cost-free vaccine and sumer and the business community in the

8 consumer education program. abuse ranging from the use of alcohol and The Consumer Education Project uses the nicotine to illegal drugs such as marijuana, several news media, including television, to LSD and narcotics are being encompassed. carry its message to the people. Drug education films are being shown and the local community is invited to view DAY CARE young people (ages 18-25) describe their ex- periences with drug addiction. Drug abuse So that more parents can work and be free and possible solutions to the problem are of worries about their young children and tieing discussed on campuses from the point the kinci of guidance they are getting while of view of the doctor, the law enforcement they are away from home a "Kiddie officer and the former addict. Kollege" for children between the ages of One such program includes the involve- three and five has been established, Called a ment of community people presently "new and innovative program," the employed in community agencies for the program in early childhood education and purpose of training drug abuse counselors. development is funded in part by a federal 1 This program provides stipend support for grant under Title III of the Elementary and undergraduate students as well as com- Secondary Education Act. The program pro-needs of parents whose children attend the munity agents. A university drug abuse vides a supervised educational environment Center. Special attention is focused on the team will survey both the campus and the as well as training for prospective teachers, needs of the single parent family, and par- community to determine the extent, types paraprofessionals and parents interested in ticularly on the needs of the unwed mother. and sources of drug abuse and publish a list- working with young children. State educa- At another level, the day care center pro- ing of local facilities and resources that relate tion officials have also volunteered to pro- vides the opportunity for in-service training to drug abuse already available as an initial vide guidance materials and workshop per- for already certified teachers who sense the step in developing a drug education sonnel, or advisors as needed. Personnel of need for upgrading their skills in particular program. After an initial community assess the various departments at the college are areas. The children of these teachers are also men t of the drug abuse problem, the team assisting in supervision and curricula clients of the day care center. The interac- will begin a planned series of programs and development. The college's center, in addi- tion of these children with the children of activities aided by advisory consultants. lower income backgrounds provides an im- tion to assisting teachers in updating and Training includes community organizing, broadening their skills for certification and portant aspect of the experiment of the day group counseling, family counseling, values training paraprofessionals, provides training care center. clarification, communications within the for persons wishing to work in day care cen- community, street pharmacology, peer ters. The program seeks to instill in children CRIMINAL JUSTICE group counseling, community involvement an interest in learning and to provide oppor- exercises, community program formulation tunities for social development in sharing, Several colleges and universities are already and implementation. security, self control, responsibility, self ex- participating in their cities' law enforcement Rap sessions held by the Action Commit- pression and creativity. departments. Some offer their services by tee to Stop Drugs (ACSD) is another way of Day care services have been set up to in- assisting in determining the size of the dealing with the drug abuse program by an clude the immediate development of the police force, its organization and equipment institution in coordination with the city's learning situation for young children and needs; and in the writing of proposals and ACSD. All students in the community are thus schools have been competently staffed sponsorship of federal programs devoted to encouraged to participate in these sessions to assure a program of highest quality. They personnel training and development. to promote drug education and rehabilita- feel attention must be paid to the learning Enrolled in the member colleges are in- tion. service law enforcement, probation and other criminal justice related personnel. Under programs such as LEEP (Law Enfor- cement Education Program) mechanisms have been created to enable practitioners to tai participate in the regular course offerings of the sponsoring colleges. In addition, their presence on the campuses has been addi- tional recruitment technique whereby local law enforcement and criminal justice forces have been upgraded. DRUG ABUSE

Due to the increase of drug usage, many in- stitutions are attempting to develop programs to prevent or alleviate drug abuse and related sociological problems by en- couraging positive alternatives without using scare tactics. All facets of community drug

9 In an effort to effect viable problems for individual and community uplift, educationalthe colleges and universities have brought into fruitful union many Federal and State resources so as to provide comprehensive training and job place- innovationsment for those who are unemployed or underemployed and for those who are illiterate or undereducated. They are committed to sharing the expertise of faculty and staff in offering quality programs of continuing education for professionals and semi-professionals. They sponsor and cooperate in pro- jects that have as their immediate goals the eradication of social ills, pover- ty, urban blight and rural decay. These, coupled with long-range efforts through research, are important ways in which the institutions heir in the economic development of the state and the educational advar ce of its citizenry.

Possibly the oldest of the federally funded Viet-N1,.. veteran. LAZY SUSAN has special projects in the Division of Extension recP:vedcertificationfor the training of and Continuing Education at one state ,eterans, who must total approximately 60% university is LAZY SUSAN - a program of the enrollment. Of the 99 veterans whose outreach activities and success I- lies enrolled last year, 71 were placed on jobs as its name. The true significance of name, soon as they became job ready, thus however, is that the program ,.,:ters much to eliminating their eligibility for veteran sub- its clients and permits th,, to choose what sistence benefits and the program stipend, they wish. which proves their interest in building their LAZY SUSAN S an experimental and capacity to obtain employment and make a demonstration project in basic and remedial contribution to the community. education and prevocational training. Spon- In terms of new approaches to teaching sored by the university, the project draws and learning, another college plans to design upon the cooperation of the following agen- cultural enrichment programs to link college cies: the Manpower Development and and community in a cooperative manner Training Department, Division of Voca- that will promote cohesiveness. One of the tional - Technical Education; the Bureau of consequences will be the development of Apprenticeship and Training, the Depart- greater civic pride and effective community ment of Agriculture; the State Department leldership. The program is an educationally of Adult Education; the Division of Voca- focused community based venture which tional - Technical Education; the Area combines formal learning and other life ex- Development Commission; the Northwest periences with an emphasis upon the en- and Southwest Planning Regions; and the hancement of problem-solving skills and Board of Education. personal satisfaction. LAZY SUSAN is open to those who are When a man has problems to solve, he at least 17 years of age, unemployed or un- achieveshis best results through a combina- deremployed, economically or culturally dis-tion of purpose, team effort, and com- advantaged or at a fifth-grade or below munication. The promotion of these three educational level. For persons who qualify, goals is the commitment of The Educational there are 120 institutional slots which a Leadership and Human Relations Center. It trainee may enter at any point and exit is based on the premises that all children are whenever he desires and is job ready. Much entitled to the best education andeachchild emphasis is placed on counseling the is unique in his needs and capabilities. The SO' trainees in all phases of work orientation, Center exists for the sole purpose of lvelping and considerable success in placing trainees educational and community leaders of the on jobs has been demonstrated. state attain the insights and skills necessary During the first year of operation 168 per- to cope with administrative, instructional sons were trained; 128 were placed on jobs; and community problems rising out of the remainder were referred to the U.S. school desegregation. Attaining this purpose Army, vocational school, or high school. In will require a "reshaping" of many of the at- the second year of operation, 196 persois titudes held by members of the community. were trained; 151 employed; and the r.:- The educational Leadership and Human mainder are currently being placed 0,1 jobs Relations Center is designed to serve local or referred to other training by counselors. school districts and communities One of the remarkable facets of the throughout the state of North Carolina in LAZY SUSAN has been the training of the their effort to identify problems occasioned

10 by school desegregation, to examine assist these students in the development of Department of Family and Children's Ser- problems which have been identified, and to imaginative programs to further their own vices pays for baby care service for the design and implement programs. The potential. The training program is organized welfare mothers who are attending classes. Center has an Advisory Council composed to produce and/or strengthen the enrollee in The Department of Vocational Education, of twenty-one educational and lay leaders a greater understanding of human behavior through the Technical School, pays the sal- and five student representatives from and personality development of individuals. aries of the teachers employed in the throughout the state. This multi-racial coun- in the development of counseling skills, and program. Clerical aides are paid through the cil meets with the staff at least every two in the use of psychological, educational and Work Incentive Program sponsored by the months. vocational perceptance tools. State Department of Labor in cooperation Several of the veterans have made the with the Department of Family and Services rendered by The Center include: statement that, "this program has provided Children's Services. Upgrading instructional methodologies by them the opportunity to develop skills to Three clinics under Title I of the Higher conducting workshops and conferences. work with young people in a manner that Education Act have been sponsored by one Developing new and varied instructional will make their work relevant rather than of the member colleges. Their objective are materials and techniques. just a job." to involve all leaders of the community in a The Inner City Program is a cooperative common community project of uplifting and Developing and conducting in-service program involving a State College and a programs, workshops and copferences. upgrading conditions in the depressed and number of local community organizations culturally deprived areas of Chatham county Implementing special leadership training and governmental agencies of both local and and nearby counties; to bring together the workshops. state levels. The Community Center, the many different agencies and organizations State Labor Department, the Department of Assisting in the preparation of proposals, for which are vital to the community so that ap- Family and Children's Service and the securing Federal financial aid. proaches might be developed for coordinat- Department of Vocational Education are ing their activities; to produce changes in Conducting special parent programs cooperating sponsors. The program, consistshuman behavior which would help maintain designed tofacilitate the implementation of of twenty-two classes for handicapped law and order; and to help people to achieve school desegregation, adults and other adults interei. 'led in status in the community. Assisting in the implementation ofprograms remedial work in language arts and litera- To achieve the above objectives, the work in black studies. ture, reading, United State, 'listory, natural . . science and mathematics. clinics were devoted to three areas in which Introducing new and innovative curriculum. Multi-faceted and multi-level, the Inner community development and human rela- Providing consultants for in-service City Program is a program which strives to tions are interrelated. These were organized workshops. meet several kinds of needs of inner city res-as leadership seminars, workshops in idents. Twelve classes offering remedial human relations, and workshops on com- Working with student groups. work for persons who desire to upgrade munication with community and ghetto Disseminating and organizing current their skills are conducted at.iearby facility,groups for city and county employees. In- resources, instructional materials, consultants, the Frazier Community Center, three nights dividuals who participated in at least two publications, films, etc. a week. There are also morning classes for sessions were awarded silver star certifi- cates. Conductin;; workshops on the utilization of the welfare mothers who need remedial media. training to prepare themselves for the kinds These are only a few of the many innova- of examinations which would enable them tive educational projects that the colleges Dealing with instructional problems occa- to qualify for gainful employment. and universities have foreseen a need to ex- sioned by school desegregation. In addition to providing the facilities for ecute in cooperation with the community as Providing sensitivity workshops far teachers, the classes, community agencies provide well as on state and, in a broader sense, parents, and students. various kinds of financial support. The State federal levels. Providing assistance in school organization and management. Coping with hostile groups. Publication - Newsletters which keep all school systems in the Center's service arc'a abreast of each other's progress and problems in school desegregation. Maintaining a library-publications andlihns on school desegregation and ,elated topics. Research and Evaluation, Another college sponsors a program designed to train veterans of Vietnam, World War II and Korea as counselors for junior colleges. in structuring the program, it was felt that no better group of young people could be found who could be trained to iden- ", tify able students in junior colleges and

11 environmental services Extension programs in fourteen counties for farmers whose gross income is less than 510,000 from their farm operations. The The Wastewater Treatment PersonnelTraining Program is a direct con- need for such a program was specifically tribution to the col'ege community at large. With a grant in the amount of identified when research revealed that the $20,252 from the Environmental Protection Agency one college has pro- mean income from sale of farm products for participants in 1969 was $1,828, and the vided personnel training with emphasis placed on laboratory techniques utilization of services offered by govern- and methodology. ment agencies were practically nil by this category of farmers. This program equips P-ainees with the latest assessing the quality of rural drinking water. In an effort to provide a program to wastewater treatment processes. The The prevalence of sandy soils and shallow strengthen the family, a college's Coopera- program itself has three phases; that is, one wells in the Southeastern coastal region, in- tive Program has placed emphasis on the hundred and four hours of classroom in- creases the possibility of contamination of development of economic and social compe- struction, sixty-four hours of laboratory and well water by bacteria and/or pesticides tencies of some 800 rural low income practical work and thirty-two hours of on- from surface waters. Pollution problems families in four south east counties. Program the-job-training. detected in the above projects will be dealt specialists for this program state that the im- with in a community-wide educational ap- mediate aim is to develop an awareness of AIR AND WATER proach by the State College Cooperative Ex- and to utilize available health facilities and POLLUTION CONTROL tension Sr ice. services; to increase competence in child development and guidance, to acquire skills Another college is dealing with two research dealing with stress in the home and to im- projects in en vironmental pollution con- AGRICULTURAL / RURAL prove the levels of living. The salient feature cerned with the potential hazards affecting "For the first time in many years, I can of the program is the treatment of the low-income rural inhabitants. One project really see the benefits from my farm." This family as a unit, adult family members and includes examining fresh-water fish from comment is typical of some two hundred young children by providing educational ex- around the state for mercury contamination fifty farmers who are participating in a farm periences designed to facilitate wholesome because freshly-caught fish form a substan- planning program to upgrade their farms. attitudes and practices throughout the tial source of protein for low-income rural Such a farm planning program is being spon- family to adult family members and young families in the state. The second project is sored by one of the college's Cooperative children alike.

7. Grambling College EDUCATIONAL BLACK COLLEGE AND 8. INNOVATIONS 9. Fayetteville State UNIVERSITY 1. South Carolina State College 2. Tennessee State University HUMAN RESOURCE 3. participants DEVELOPMENT 4. Grambling College 1. Lincoln University (Missouri) 5. Hampton Institute 2. 6. Winston-Salem State University 3. Southei it University (New Orleans) 7. Mary Holmes Co loge MANAGEMENT 15. Bishop College 4. 8. Virginia State College AND ORGANIZATION 16. 5. Winston-Salem State University 17. (New Orleans) 6. Tennessee State University ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT 18. Barber-Scotia College 7, SERVICE I. Lincoln University (Missouri) 19. Tennessee State University 8. 1. South Carolina State College 2. Paul Quinn College 20. T. A. Lawson State College 9. Grambling College 2. Alcorn A & M College 3. Edward Waters College 21. North Carolina Central University 10. Alcorn A & M College 3. Baroer-Scotia College 4. Hampton institute 22. Fayetteville State Teachers College IL. Barber - Scotia College 4. Hampton Institute 5. S. D. Bishop State Junior College 12. Hampton Institute 5. Winston-Salem State University 6. Savannah State College TELECOM MUNICA U. Mary Holmes College 6. Lincoln University (Missouri) 14. Virginia State College 7. South Carolina State College TIONS 7. Paul Quinn College 8. Alcorn A & M College 15. 8. Virginia State College 9. Bowie State College 1. Paul Quinn College 16. Mississippi Valley State College 9, Savannah State College 10. Grumbling College 2. Hampton Institute .7. Morgan State College 10. Mary Holmes College Virginia State College 3. Benedict College 18.North CarolinaA & rState University 11. Southern University (New Orleans) 12. Norfolk State College 4. Southern University 19. 12. Benedict College 13. Texas Southern University 5. Howard University 20.Clark College 13. Norfolk State College 14. Mississippi Valley State College 6. Clark College 21. Elizabeth City mate universny 14, Kittrell College

12 Department of Housing and Urban Development Sponsored Project, Contract H-3563