Visiting Forces Act (Application to Colonies) Order (1954 No. 636)
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Aden History
10/14/2016 Aden History ﺃﺳﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﺭﻳﺭ Editors: ﺍﻟﺩﻛﺗﻭﺭ ﻋﺑﺩﷲ ﺍﻟﺳﻳﺎﺭﻱ Dr. A. Al Sayyari (Saudi Arabia) Dr. Shihab Ghanem ﺍﻟﺩﻛﺗﻭﺭ ﺷﻬﺎﺏ ﻏﺎﻧﻡ (UAE) ﺃﻻﻣﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺣﺩﺓ) Dhow symbol which Ashraf Girgrah was incorporated (Canada) ﺃﺷﺭﻑ ﺟﺭﺟﺭﻩ into the Union Jack to form Aden Colony flag. Design : Ashraf Girgrah ﺃﺷﺭﻑ ﺟﺭﺟﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﺩﻳﺙ ﺍﻻﺧﻳﺭ ﻓﻲ Last update Oct. 2016 Search Query ﻋﻧﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻻﺗﺻﺎﻝ Contact address: [email protected] Search European Time A short history of Aden Colony 18391967 The first European to give a first hand description on Aden at the beginning of the 16th century, was the Italian Ludovico di Varthema. He writes: "Aden is such mighty and powerful that I have hardly seen another city of its might during my life . all big ships anchor at the port coming from India Ethiopia or Sira Isalnd harbour in 1512. Persia".(1) www.philipsharpegallery.com Copper line engraving showing the earliest view of Aden first published by Braun and Hogenberg in Cologne 1572. An ancient trade center, the city of Aden was under Egyptian control British Navy squadron from the 3rd century BC until it became a Roman colony in 24 BC. It invading Aden in 1839. fell successively under Ethiopian and Persian control and became associated with Yemen about the 7th century AD. It fell to the Turks in Captain Haines, first 1538 and was incorporated into the Sultanate of Lahej in 1728. Under British Agent the rule of the Sultan of Lahej, Aden had declined to a small fishing appointee after invading village with only 600 inhabitants.(2) Aden on January In 1838, Sultan Muhsin bin Fadl ceded 75 square miles 194 (sq. -
Challenges to Humanitarian Action During Decolonization
International Review of the Red Cross (2016), 97 (897/898), 45–76. Principles guiding humanitarian action doi:10.1017/S1816383115000636 Humanitarian principles put to the test: Challenges to humanitarian action during decolonization Andrew Thompson* Andrew Thompson is Professor of Modern History at the University of Exeter and Director of Exeter’s Centre for Imperial and Global History, a Council Member of the Arts and Humanities Research Council, and an Honorary Professor at the University of South Africa in Pretoria. Abstract This article examines the meaning and purpose of the Fundamental Principles of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement during and after decolonization. This was a period when the character of conflict experienced far-reaching changes, when the limitations of international humanitarian law were sharply exposed, and when humanitarian organizations of all kinds – the International Committee of the Red Cross included – redefined their missions and mandates. The Fundamental Principles were caught up in these processes; subject to a resurgent State sovereignty, they were both animated and constrained by the geopolitical forces of the era. The article pays particular attention to the politicization of the Principles in the contexts of colonial counter-insurgency, political detention and transfers of power. * This article draws on research in the archives of the British Red Cross Society in London and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in Geneva. I am grateful to Jean-Luc Blondel, Fabrizio Bensi, Paul Castella, Geoff Loane, Jacques Moreillon and Daniel Palmieri for their guidance and advice on the history of the ICRC. © icrc 2015 45 A. Thompson Keywords: Fundamental Principles, Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, Geneva Conventions, decolonization, forced resettlement, liberation movements, colonial counter-insurgency, political detention. -
UK and Colonies
This document was archived on 27 July 2017 UK and Colonies 1. General 1.1 Before 1 January 1949, the principal form of nationality was British subject status, which was obtained by virtue of a connection with a place within the Crown's dominions. On and after this date, the main form of nationality was citizenship of the UK and Colonies, which was obtained by virtue of a connection with a place within the UK and Colonies. 2. Meaning of the expression 2.1 On 1 January 1949, all the territories within the Crown's dominions came within the UK and Colonies except for the Dominions of Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Newfoundland, India, Pakistan and Ceylon (see "DOMINIONS") and Southern Rhodesia, which were identified by s.1(3) of the BNA 1948 as independent Commonwealth countries. Section 32(1) of the 1948 Act defined "colony" as excluding any such country. Also excluded from the UK and Colonies was Southern Ireland, although it was not an independent Commonwealth country. 2.2 For the purposes of the BNA 1948, the UK included Northern Ireland and, as of 10 February 1972, the Island of Rockall, but excluded the Channel Islands and Isle of Man which, under s.32(1), were colonies. 2.3 The significance of a territory which came within the UK and Colonies was, of course, that by virtue of a connection with such a territory a person could become a CUKC. Persons who, prior to 1 January 1949, had become British subjects by birth, naturalisation, annexation or descent as a result of a connection with a territory which, on that date, came within the UK and Colonies were automatically re- classified as CUKCs (s.12(1)-(2)). -
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Vol. 45: 225–235, 2021 ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH Published July 15 https://doi.org/10.3354/esr01112 Endang Species Res OPEN ACCESS Hunting pressure is a key contributor to the impending extinction of Bornean wild cattle Penny C. Gardner1,2,3,4, Benoît Goossens1,2,5,6,*, Soffian Bin Abu Bakar5, Michael W. Bruford2,6 1Danau Girang Field Centre, c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma Muis, 88100 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia 2Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK 3School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, Life Sciences Building 85, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK 4RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, Sandy SG19 2DL, UK 5Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma Muis, 88100 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia 6Sustainable Places Research Institute, Cardiff University, 33 Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3BA, UK ABSTRACT: Widespread and unregulated hunting of ungulates in Southeast Asia is resulting in population declines and localised extinctions. Increased access to previously remote tropical for- est following logging and changes in land-use facilitates hunting of elusive wild cattle in Borneo, which preferentially select secluded habitat. We collated the first population parameters for the Endangered Bornean banteng Bos javanicus lowi and developed population models to simulate the effect of different hunting offtake rates on survival and the recovery of the population using reintroduced captive-bred individuals. Our findings suggest that the banteng population in Sabah is geographically divided into 4 management units based on connectivity: the Northeast, Sipitang (West), Central and Southeast, which all require active management to prevent further population decline and local extinction. -
Legislative Competence) (Health and Health Services) Order 2011
WALES OFFICE PRE-LEGISLATIVE SCRUTINY OF THE PROPOSED NATIONAL ASSEMBLY FOR WALES (LEGISLATIVE COMPETENCE) (HEALTH AND HEALTH SERVICES) ORDER 2011 WALES OFFICE PRE-LEGISLATIVE SCRUTINY OF THE PROPOSED NATIONAL ASSEMBLY FOR WALES (LEGISLATIVE COMPETENCE) (HEALTH AND HEALTH SERVICES) ORDER 2011 Presented to Parliament by the Secretary of State for Wales by Command of Her Majesty January 2011 Cm 7992 £9.75 © Crown copyright 2011 You may re-use this information (not including logos) free of charge in any format or medium, under the terms of the Open Government Licence. To view this licence, visit http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government- licence/ or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London, TW9 4DU or e-mail: [email protected]. Any enquiries regarding this publication should be sent to us at [email protected] This publication is also available on http://www.official-documents.gov.uk/ ISBN: 9780101799225 Printed in the UK by The Stationery Office Limited on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office ID P002409260 01/11 Printed on paper containing 75% recycled fibre content minimum. MINISTERIAL FOREWORD By the Secretary of State for Wales The Rt. Hon. Cheryl Gillan MP Proposed Order in Council on Health and Health Services Legislative Competence Orders (LCOs) are Orders in Council made under section 95 of the Government of Wales Act 2006 (the “2006 Act”) which confer legislative competence on the National Assembly for Wales. This proposed LCO is part of the Welsh Assembly Government’s legislative programme for 2010-11, announced by the First Minister, the Rt. -
GENERAL AGREEMENT on L/344/Corr.1 9 March 1955
RESTRICTED GENERAL AGREEMENT ON L/344/Corr.1 TARIFFS AND TRADE 9 March 1955 Limited Distribution CONTRACTING PARTIES Ninth Session SPECIAL PROBLEMS OF DEPENDENT OVERSEAS TERRITORIES OF THE UNITED KINGDOM Report by Working Party on Dependent Overseas Territories Corrigendum Page 1. para 2. In the quotation of the proposal of the United Kingdom delegation (L/296) the third line should read: "of a dependent territory for whose external relations it is responsible, ..." Page 3. para 6. In the third line before the end of that paragraph the words "in large measure" should be deleted. Page 4. The heading before paragraph 10 should read: "Wholly or in large measure dependent on the United Kingdom as a market" thus conforming the phraseology used in the Decision in Annex I on page 8, second paragraph of the preamble, and page 9 in paragraph 2(a). Page 12. Replace the Annex II by the following: L/344/Corr.1 Page 2 ANNEX II DEPENDENT OVERSEAS TERRITORIES OF THE UNITED KINGDOM (as of 5 March 1955) AFRICAN GROUP ATLANTIC AND INDIAN OCEAN GROUP Gambia Bahamas Gold Coast Bermuda Togoland (under U.K. Trusteeship) Falkland Islands Nigeria St. Helena Cameroons (under U.K. Trusteeship) Ascension Sierra Leone Tristan da Cunha Somaliland Protectorate Aden (Colony and Protectorate) Kenya Mauritius and Dependencies Uganda Seychelles Tanganyika Zanzibar and Pemba MEDITERRANEAN GROUP Basutoland Bechuanaland Protectorate Cyprus Swaziland Gibraltar Malta and Gozo EASTERN GROUP WESTERN PACIFIC GROUP Federation of Malaya Fiji Singapore British Solomon Brunei Islands Protectorate Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony North Borneo New Hebrides Sarawak Pitcairn Hong Kong Tonga WEST INDIES GROUP Barbados British Guiana British Honduras Jamaica Cayman Islands Turks and Caicos Islands Leeward Islands: Antigua Montserrat St. -
Laws Governing Homosexual Conduct
THE LAW REFORM COMMISSION OF HONG KONG REPORT LAWS GOVERNING HOMOSEXUAL CONDUCT (TOPIC 2) LAWS GOVERNING HOMOSEXUAL CONDUCT WHEREAS : On 15 January 1980, His Excellency the Governor of Hong Kong Sir Murray MacLehose, GBE, KCMG, KCVO in Council directed the establishment of the Law Reform Commission of Hong Kong and appointed it to report upon such of the laws of Hong Kong as may be referred to it for consideration by the Attorney General and the Chief Justice; On 14 June 1980, the Honourable the Attorney General and the Honourable the Chief Justice referred to this Commission for consideration a Topic in the following terms : "Should the present laws governing homosexual conduct in Hong Kong be changed and, if so, in what way?" On 5 July 1980, the Commission appointed a Sub-committee to research, consider and then advise it upon aspects of the said matter; On 28 June 1982, the Sub-committee reported to the Commission, and the Commission considered the topic at meetings between July 1982 and April, 1983. We are agreed that the present laws governing homosexual conduct in Hong Kong should be changed, for reasons set out in our report; We have made in this report recommendations about the way in which laws should be changed; i NOW THEREFORE DO WE THE UNDERSIGNED MEMBERS OF THE LAW REFORM COMMISSION OF HONG KONG PRESENT OUR REPORT ON LAWS GOVERNING HOMOSEXUAL CONDUCT IN HONG KONG : Hon John Griffiths, QC Hon Sir Denys Roberts, KBE (Attorney General) (Chief Justice) （祈理士） （羅弼時） Hon G.P. Nazareth, OBE, QC Robert Allcock, Esq. -
From Tribal Rebellions to Revolution: British Counter-Insurgency Oper
From Tribal Rebellions to Revolution: British Counter-Insurgency Oper... http://www.history.ac.uk/resources/e-journal-international-history/maw... Home » Publications » Electronic Journal of International History Electronic Journal of International History - Article 5 ISSN 1471-1443 Introduction | Contents From Tribal Rebellions to Revolution: British Counter-Insurgency Operations in Southwest Arabia 1955-67 by Spencer Mawby Department of Politics, University of Leicester, UK 1. During the post-1945 era British political and military leaders switched their attention from the conduct of a total war to the prosecution of small wars in defence of imperial commitments around the world. The history of counter-insurgency campaigns in Malaya, Kenya and Cyprus provide evidence for the notion that British post-war leaders remained wedded to the global role despite the existence of new commitments on the continent of Europe. The purposes of Britains late colonial wars varied but as a minimum they had as their aim the establishment of sufficient order for the smooth hand-over of power to local elites sympathetic to western interests. By this criterion the least successful of all these small wars was fought in Southwest Arabia. In the town of Aden and the surrounding Protectorates British determination to maintain their interests came into conflict with the sudden emergence of an active independence movement fuelled by the post-Suez growth of Arab nationalism. During the course of the late 1950s and 1960s Aden became the site of a campaign of urban terrorism in which opposition groups fought with the British and each other. Outside the town in the Western Aden Protectorate (WAP) tribal rebellions began to take the form of nationalist uprisings. -
House of Lords Official Report
Vol. 756 Tuesday No. 47 28 October 2014 PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES (HANSARD) HOUSE OF LORDS OFFICIAL REPORT ORDER OF BUSINESS Introductions: Baroness Evans of Bowes Park and Lord Cashman..........................1059 Questions Railways: East Coast Rail Franchise.........................................................................1059 Health: Mental Health................................................................................................1062 Unemployment: Young People ...................................................................................1064 Parliament Square: Occupy Protests ..........................................................................1066 Draft Protection of Charities Bill Motion to Agree ..........................................................................................................1068 Infrastructure Bill [HL] Order of Consideration Motion...................................................................................1069 Serious Crime Bill [HL] Report (2nd Day) .......................................................................................................1069 Music Education Question for Short Debate ..........................................................................................1171 Grand Committee Deregulation Bill Committee (2nd Day) ...........................................................................................GC 369 Written Statements ....................................................................................................WS 105 Written -
UK and Colonies 1. General 1.1 Before 1 January 1949
UK and Colonies 1. General 1.1 Before 1 January 1949, the principal form of nationality was British subject status, which was obtained by virtue of a connection with a place within the Crown's dominions. On and after this date, the main form of nationality was citizenship of the UK and Colonies, which was obtained by virtue of a connection with a place within the UK and Colonies. 2. Meaning of the expression 2.1 On 1 January 1949, all the territories within the Crown's dominions came within the UK and Colonies except for the Dominions of Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Newfoundland, India, Pakistan and Ceylon (see "DOMINIONS") and Southern Rhodesia, which were identified by s.1(3) of the BNA 1948 as independent Commonwealth countries. Section 32(1) of the 1948 Act defined "colony" as excluding any such country. Also excluded from the UK and Colonies was Southern Ireland, although it was not an independent Commonwealth country. 2.2 For the purposes of the BNA 1948, the UK included Northern Ireland and, as of 10 February 1972, the Island of Rockall, but excluded the Channel Islands and Isle of Man which, under s.32(1), were colonies. 2.3 The significance of a territory which came within the UK and Colonies was, of course, that by virtue of a connection with such a territory a person could become a CUKC. Persons who, prior to 1 January 1949, had become British subjects by birth, naturalisation, annexation or descent as a result of a connection with a territory which, on that date, came within the UK and Colonies were automatically re- classified as CUKCs (s.12(1)-(2)). -
João Bertola Franco De Gouveia
10 INTRODUÇÃO Historicamente, tratando-se dos Estados, a matéria das imunidades é regida por regras costumeiras de direito internacional. O direito das imunidades foi, em seguida, enriquecido por algumas convenções. A primeira foi a convenção de Bruxelas de 1926 sobre as imunidades dos navios de Estado. Depois, surgiu a convenção de Basiléia de 1972 sobre as imunidades dos Estados, negociada sob a égide do Conselho da Europa. Posteriormente, diferentes Estados da common law, como os Estados Unidos, Reino Unido, Canadá, e, ainda, a África do Sul, adotaram legislação interna sobre as imunidades. Inicialmente, a imunidade de jurisdição dos Estados era absoluta, evoluindo mais tarde para uma imunidade relativa, havendo algumas exceções em que não se aplicava a imunidade de jurisdição. Assim, as leis internas desses Estados previram exceções nos casos de lides trabalhistas ou de acidentes automobilísticos. O direito brasileiro, seguindo a tendência mundial, também adotou a imunidade relativa, a partir da Magna Carta de 1988, com uma nova interpretação do art.114, I da mesma, no caso de questões trabalhistas. Atualmente, no entanto, o direito das imunidades de jurisdição continua a evoluir, havendo doutrina e jurisprudência que sustentam a sua ausência no caso de violação dos direitos humanos. Dessa forma, o leading case seria o caso Pinochet, no qual a Câmara dos Lordes entendeu que Pinochet não teria imunidade de jurisdição perante a corte inglesa em função de atos funcionais violadores dos direitos humanos praticados durante o tempo em que foi presidente do Chile. Dessa maneira, dentre as exceções à imunidade de jurisdição dos Estados, poder-se-ia acrescentar uma nova exceção no caso de violação dos direitos humanos. -
Colony of North Borneo Annual Report
«r; • c- 2.^.0- COLONIAL REPORTS North Borneo .-•■■'■ . ■ - - ■ LONDON HER MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE 1956 1 i Designed, printed and bound by the Technical Staff of the Government Printing Department, North Borneo, 1956 Contents Page PART i Chapter 1 General Review ... ... ... ... 1 PART II Chapter 1 Population ... ... ... ... 9 2 Occupation, Wages and Labour Organisation ... 14 3 Public Finance and Taxation ... ... 20 4 Currency and Banking ... ... ... 27 5 Commerce ... ... ... ... 28 6 Production Land Utilisation and Ownership ... ... 34 Agriculture ... ... ... ... 39 Animal Husbandry ... ... ... 46 Drainage and Irrigation ... .. 48 Forests ... ... ... ... 49 Fisheries ... ... ... ... 57 7 Social Services Education ... ... ... ... 60 Public Health ... ... ... ... 68 Housing and Town Planning ... 74 Social Welfare ... ... ... ... 77 8 Legislation ... ... ... ... 84 9 Justice, Police and Prisons Justice ... ... ... ... 86 Police ... ... ... ... 87 Prisons ... ... ... ... 93 10 Public Utilities and Public Works Public Works Department ... ... 96 Electricity ... ... ... ... 98 Water ... ... ... ... 99 11 Communications Harbours and Shipping ... ... 102 Railways ... ... ... ... 106 Roads ... ... ... ... 109 Road Transport ... ... Ill Air Communications ... ... ... Ill Posts ... ... ... ... 114 Telecommunications ... ... ... 114 12 Government Information Services, Broadcasting, Press and Films ... ... ... 116 13 Geology ... ... ... ... 122 PART III Chapter 1 Geography and Climate ... ... ... 129 2 History History ... ... ... ... 134 List