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Pro.ffress d_ &dentSdc Raddo FIFTEENTH GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC RADIO UNION September 5-15, 1966 Munich, Germany REPORT OF THE U.S.A. NATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC RADIO UNION Publication 1468 NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL Washington, D.C. 1966 Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 55-31605 Available from Printing and Publishing Office National Academy of Sciences 2101 Constitution Avenue Washington, D.C. 20418 Price: $10.00 October28,1966 Dear Dr. Seitz: I ampleasedto transmitherewitha full report to the NationalAcademy of Sciences--NationalResearchCouncil,onthe 15thGeneralAssemblyof URSIwhichwasheldin Munich,September5-15, 1966. TheUnitedStatesNationalCommitteeof URSIhasparticipatedin the affairs of the Unionfor forty-five years. It hashadmuchinfluenceonthe Unionas,.for example,in therecent creationof a Commissiononthe Mag- netosphere.ThisnewCommission,whichis nowvery strong,demonstrates the ability of theUnion,oneof ICSU'sthree oldest,to respondto the changingneedsof its field. AlthoughtheUnitedStatessendsthelargest delegationsof anycountry to the GeneralAssembliesof URSI,theyare neverthelessrelatively small becauseof thestrict mannerin whichURSIcontrolsthe size of its Assem- blies. This is donein order to preventineffectivenessthroughuncontrolled participationbyvery largenumbersof delegates.Accordingly,our delega- tions are carefully selected,andcomprisepeoplequalifiedto prepareand presentour NationalReportto the Assembly.Thepre-Assemblyreport is a report of progressin radio sciencein the UnitedStatesduring the precedingthree years (notto be confusedwith thepost-Assemblyreport herewith). It will be publishedin thepresentinstancepartly in the November 1966issueandpartly in theDecember1966issueof "RadioScience,"a journal publishedby ESSAof the U.S.Departmentof Commercein coopera- tion with theUnitedStatesNationalCommitteeof URSI. Becauseparticipationatthe URSIAssembliesis sostrongly limited, our Committeefeels that it is incumbentuponit to publisha full report of the scientific andadministrativeproceedingsof eachAssemblyas soonas possibleafterwards. AlthoughURSIitself alsopublishescompletereports, theseare very expensiveandslowin appearing.Ourreport is notpolished followingan Assembly(heldin Decemberin Assemblyyears),andrelatively inexpensive.To accomplishthis requires diligent andprompt reportingby manymembersof the Delegation,muchcooperationandassistancefrom theAcademystaff, a subsidy,andaboveall, muchwork onthepart of our Vice-Chairmanonwhomtheresponsibilityfor editingandproducingthe report traditionally falls. In transmittingthepresentreport, therefore, I wantto expressthe gratitudeof the Committeeto all membersof its Dele- gationwhoservedas reporters; to our staff assistantMiss JoyeeHannaum whocompiledall thematerialin Munichandtypeda largepart of it in pre- liminary form; to NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministrationHead- quartersfor avery essentialsubsidy;andaboveall to our Vice-Chairman Professor E. C. Jordanof theUniversityof Illinois. TheCommitteealso acknowledgeswith muchgratitudethe supportof governmentagencies, particularly the NationalScienceFoundationandthe Officeof NavalResearch, in providingtravel fundsto a substantialnumberof personsfrom academic institutionsin theDelegation. Thegreatvalueof thesepost-Assemblyreports of the UnitedStates NationalCommitteehasbeenwidelyrecognizedoutsidethe UnitedStates andthis time theUnionitself is undertakingto report in a rapid andin- expensivemanner.If the Union'seffort is successful,this maybethe last time that theUnitedStatesCommitteeitself will mountsuchaneffort. Lastly, it is my pleasureto inform youthat Professor SamuelSilver of the Universityof CaliforniawaselectedPresidentof URSI;Professor William E. Gordonof RiceUniversity receivedthevan der Pol GoldMedal AwardandwaselectedVice-Chairmanof the Commissionon RadioPropa- gationin Non-IonizedMedia;Professor Colin O.Hinesof theUniversityof ChicagowaselectedChairmanof the Commissiononthe Ionosphere;Pro- fessor HenryG.Bookerof theUniversity of California at SanDiegowas re-elected Chairmanof theCommissionontheMagnetosphere;andProfes- sor Marvin Chodorowof StanfordUniversitywaselectedVice-Chairmanof the Commissionon RadioElectronics. Yoursvery truly, Millett G.Morgan,Chairman UnitedStatesNationalCommittee InternationalScientificRadioUnion NationalAcademyof Sciences--NationalResearchCouncil Dr. Frederick Seitz,President NationalAcademyof Sciences--NationalResearchCouncil 2101ConstitutionAvenue Washington,D.C. Preface Because of severe restrictions on the size of the delegation to a General Assemby, those appointed as delegates have an obligation to inform their colleagues as quickly as possible on the activities of the Assembly. For this reason the U.S. National Committee of URSI considers the prompt issuance of its report to be one of its major responsibilities to the scientific community. This report attempts to summarize the administrative actions as well as the scientific sessions of the General Assembly. The report itself represents the combined efforts of the entire United States delegation, for nearly every delegate was called upon to report at least one session. The major burden of the task fell to the U.S. Com- mission chairmen-designate, each of whom, as Chief Reporter for his Commission, was responsible for the reporting of its sessions. Partly because of the thoroughness of the re- porting, it has been necessary to condense many of the con- tributions to keep the over-all size of this report within reasonable bounds. The chief reporters were: Commission I Dr. Bruno Weinschel Commission II Mr. Arthur B. Crawford (for Dr. D. C. Hogg) Commission III Professor O. G. Villard Commission IV Professor K. L. Bowles Commission V Professor W. Erickson Commission VI Dr. R. C. Hansen Commission VII Professor H. Heffner It is a pleasure to acknowledge the unstinting cooperation of each of the chief reporters, and through them to thank all reporters. It would not have been possible to meet publication dead- lines without the generous aid of the National Academy of Sciences staff, and particularly the competent help of Miss Joyce Hannaum, Administrative Assistant, USNC-URSI. She deserves the thanks of the entire National Committee for invaluable assistance in the preparation of this report, both during and after the General Assembly. E. C. Jordan, Vice-Chairman, USA National Committee, URSI Timetable of Plenary and Commission Sessions Sept. 5 a.m. Opening Plenary Session Sept. 9 p.m. Combined Session - All Commissions COMMISSION I Radio Standards and Measurements Sept. 5 p.m. Organizational Meeting Sept. 6 a.m. Standard Frequency Transmission p.m. Velocity of Radio Waves (joint session with Commission VII) Sept. 7 a.m. Atomic Standards of Time Sept. 8 p.m. International Comparisons and Standard Connectors Sept. 9 a.m. Modern Radio Measurements Sept. 12 a.m. RF Measurements at Frequencies Below 1 GHz p.m. Measurements at Frequencies Above 1 GHz Including Optical Techniques Sept. 14 p.m. Business Meeting COMMISSION II Radio Propagation in Non-Ionized Media Sept. 5 p.m. Organizational Meeting Sept. 6 a.m. Experimental Analysis of the Atmosphere p.m. Models of the Atmosphere Sept. 7 a.m. (See Commission VII) Sept. 8 a.m. Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Propagation in Nonionized Media p,m. Effects of Propagation on the Measurements of Distance, Angle-of-Arrival, and Doppler Effect Sept. 9 a.m. Propagation and Radiometry for Millimeter and Submillimeter Wavelengths Sept. 12 a.m. Planetary Radio and Radar Astronomical Observations (with Commission V) p.m. Business Meeting Sept. 13 a.m. Propagation Below the Earth's Surface COMMISSION HI Ionosphere Sept. 7 p.m. First Business Meeting Sept. 8 a.m. D-Region Structure and Formation p.m. D-Region Collision Frequencies, Relation to Stratosphere Sept. 9 a.m. The Ionospheric F Region and the Magnetosphere (with Commission IV) Sept. 12 a.m. Dynamics of the Ionosphere: Over-all Picture and E Region in Particular p.m. (See Commission IV) Sept. 13 a.m. Dynamics of the Ionosphere--F-Region Phenom- ena: Interactions Between Movements of Neutral Atmosphere and Ionosphere p.m. Dynamics of the Ionosphere--F-Region Phenom- ena: Interactions Between Movements of Neutral Atmosphere and Ionosphere (continued) p.m. Second Business Meeting Sept. 14 p.m. New Topics COMMISSION IV Magnetosphere Sept. 5 p.m. Organizational Meeting Sept. 7 p.m. General Business Sept. 8 p.m. Atmospherics I: Characteristics of Atmosphere at the Source and Propagation (with Commission IVa) Sept. 9 a.m. (See Commission III) Sept. 12 a.m. Whistlers (with Commission IVa) Sept. 12 p.m. VLF Radio Waves and Micropulsations (with Commissions III andIVa) Sept. 13 a.m. New Developments p.m. Atmospherics II (with Commission IVa) Sept. 14 a.m. Business Meeting p.m. Effects of Nuclear Explosions on Radio- Propagation Phenomena (with Commission IVa) COMMISSION V Radio Astronomy Sept. 5 p.m. First Business Meeting Sept. 6 p.m. Filled-Aperture Radio Telescopes Sept. 7 a.m. (See Commission VI) p.m. Unfilled-Aperture Radio Telescopes Sept. 8 a.m. Radio Techniques p.m. More Synthesis and Techniques Sept. 12 a.m. (See Commission II) p.m. Solar Radio Spectroscopy: Interplanetary Plasma p.m. Second Business Meeting Sept. 13 a.m. New Radio Telescopes and Galactic Radio Astronomy p.mo Extragalactic Radio Astronomy COMMISSION VI Radio Waves and Circuits Sept. 5 p.m. First Business Meeting Sept. 6 a.m. Diffraction and Scattering in Nonionized Media p.m. Coding, Modulation,
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