Open File Report 2009-2. Bibliography and Index Of

S E C R U O S E R R E S O U R C E S

Bib li og ra phy and Index of Geothermal Resources and Development in Washington State, with Selected General Works L

A R U T A N A T U R A compiled by Rebecca A. Christie updated by Lee Walkling

WASHINGTON DIVISION OF GEOLOGY AND EARTH RESOURCES Open File Report 2009-2 March 2009

Bib li og ra phy and Index of Geothermal Resources and Development in Washington State, with Selected General Works

compiled by Rebecca A. Christie updated by Lee Walkling

WASHINGTON DIVISION OF GEOLOGY AND EARTH RESOURCES Open File Report 2009-2 March 2009 DIS CLAIMER Neither the State of Washing ton, nor any agency thereof, nor any of their em - ploy ees, makes any war ranty, ex press or implied, or as sumes any legal li abil - ity or respon si bil ity for the accu racy, complete ness, or useful ness of any infor - ma tion, ap pa ra tus, prod uct, or pro cess dis closed, or rep re sents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Ref erence herein to any specific commer cial prod uct, pro cess, or ser vice by trade name, trademark, man u - facturer, or oth erwise, does not neces sar ily consti tute or im ply its endorse - ment, rec om menda tion, or favor ing by the State of Washing ton or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not neces sar - ily state or reflect those of the State of Washing ton or any agency thereof.

WASH ING TON DE PART MENT OF NAT U RAL RE SOURCES Pe ter Goldmark—Com mis sioner of Pub lic Lands DI VI SION OF GEOL OGY AND EARTH RE SOURCES David K. Nor man—State Ge ol o gist John P. Bromley—As sis tant State Ge ol o gist

Wash ing ton De part ment of Nat u ral Re sources Divi sion of Geol ogy and Earth Resources Mail ing Ad dress: Street Ad dress: PO Box 47007 Natu ral Resources Bldg, Rm 148 Olympia, WA 98504-7007 1111 Washing ton St SE Olym pia, WA 98501 Phone: 360-902-1450 Fax: 360-902-1785 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.dnr.wa.gov/AboutDNR/Divisions/GER/

This and other DGER publi ca tions are available online at: http://www.dnr.wa.gov/ResearchScience/Topics/ GeologyPublicationsLibrary/Pages/pubs.aspx

On line cat a log and bib li og ra phy of the Wash ing ton Ge ol ogy Li brary: http://www.dnr.wa.gov/ResearchScience/Topics/ GeologyPublicationsLibrary/Pages/washbib.aspx

ii Con tents

Intro duc tion to the 2009 update ...... 1 Introduction [original 1994 edition] ...... 2 Sub ject list ...... 3 Index by subject ...... 9 Bibliography by author ...... 57 Appendix: Ad di tional sources of geo ther mal in for ma tion...... 89

iii Washington Geothermal Resources

5 Port Angeles SEATTLE Spokane

Pacific Ocean 90

Tacoma 90 Aberdeen Ellensburg Olympia

Centralia

Yakima Long 82 Beach 5

Richland

0 25 50 75 100 mi

Vancouver 0 50 100 150 km

Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources, Land Ownership U.S. Fish and Wildlife Geothermal Resources Washington State Department of Natural Resources Geothermal Data derived from Geologic Map-25, DNR-managed lands U.S. Bureau of Land Management High temperature Geothermal resources of Washington, and other Federal lands Tribal lands (approx. 100 c or higher) compiled by M. A. Korosec, K. L. Kaler, J. E. Schuster, R.G. Bloomquist, S. J. Simpson, and D. D. Blackwell. 1981. 1 sheet, scale 1:500,000. U.S. Forest Service County, Municipal or University Low temperature Lambert Conformal Conic Projection, North American Datum of 1983 Other state lands National Park Service (20 c or higher) Cartography by Elizabeth E. Thompson Bibli og ra phy and Index of Geothermal Resources and Development in Washington State, with Selected General Works com piled by Rebecca A. Chris tie up dated by Lee Walkling

INTRODUCTION TO THE 2009 UPDATE While this bibli ogra phy and index are as com plete and accu - rate as pos si ble, it is in ev ita ble that some ci ta tions have been This work is presented in two parts: missed and some mistakes have been made. Any infor ma tion (1) IN DEX BY SUBJECT—Items are in dexed alpha bet ically about omissions or errors will be appre ci ated. Contact Geol ogy by subject, county, and (or) physio graphic province, with Li brar ian Lee Walkling (con tact in for ma tion given be low): sub ject and (or) ar eal sub di vi sions as ap pro pri ate. See the Subject List (p. 3) for an alpha bet i cal list of the subject Wash ing ton Di vi sion of Ge ol ogy and Earth Re sources headings used in this re port. 1111 Washing ton St SE, Natural Resources Bldg, Rm 148 PO Box 47007; Olym pia, WA 98504-7007 Only the author(s), date, and title of the item are given in Phone: 360-902-1450; Fax: 360-902-1785 the Index—enough infor ma tion to re fer the user to the full ci - E-mail: [email protected] ta tion in the Bib li og ra phy sec tion. Website: http://www.dnr.wa.gov/AboutDNR/Divisions/GER/ (2) BIB LI OG RA PHY BY AUTHOR—Each ci ta tion is given Washing ton Geol ogy Library in full accord ing to our edi to rial standards. Works are Lee Walkling, Librar ian listed al pha bet i cally and chro no log i cally by au thor, with 1111 Washing ton St SE, Natural Resources Bldg, Rm 173 an au thor’s in di vid ual works pre ced ing co-authored PO Box 47007; Olym pia, WA 98504-7007 works. Joint-author cross-refer ences are interfiled alpha - Phone: 360-902-1473; E-mail: [email protected] bet i cally. Website: http://www.dnr.wa.gov/ResearchScience/Topics/ Items with an as ter isk (*) are NOT held in the Washing - GeologyPublicationsLibrary/Pages/library.aspx ton Ge ol ogy Li brary. Contact the other li brar ies listed be low to obtain those docu ments. AC KNOWL EDG MENTS Web addresses are given for docu ments available online. Although this update of DGER Open File Report 94-1 was pro- Check our publications list and online bibliography for new duced and edited by Lee Walkling and Jari Roloff, the origi nal postings. author (Rebecca Christie) and the orga ni za tions listed below Geo logic Map ping deserve most of the credit for this worthy project: Through the Washington State Geologic Information Portal, Wash ing ton State Uni ver sity Ex ten sion En ergy Pro gram you can ac cess in ter active earth sci ence mapping, data, and re - Li brary (for merly Wash ing ton State En ergy Of fice) lated infor ma tion. Using our inter ac tive maps, you can create, 905 Plum St SE, Bldg 3 save, and print custom maps, find out more infor ma tion about PO Box 4316 Olym pia, WA 98504-3165 map features, and download map data for use in a geographic in- Phone: 360-956-2000; Website: http://www.energy.wsu.edu/ for ma tion sys tem (GIS). The Index to Geologic and Geophysical Mapping of Or e gon In sti tute of Tech nol ogy Geo-Heat Cen ter Washington shows available published and open-filed reports, as 3201 Campus Drive well as the ses, with map ping at any scale for a par ticu lar area. Klamath Falls, OR 97601-8801 Geologic mapping at 1:100,000-scale is available for the Phone: 541-885-1750; E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://geoheat.oit.edu whole state, and some of the newer published maps have been included in this bib liog raphy. All 1:100,000-scale mapping for Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil Wash ing ton is avail able as shapefiles online or on CD by calling PO Box 1350 360-902-1450. Da vis, CA 95617-1350 Mapping at 1:24,000-scale is available for some 7.5-minute Phone: 530-758-2360 topographic quadrangles. We have in cluded the newer maps in Website: http://www.geothermal.org/ Li brary website: http://www.geothermal.org/databases.html this bibli og ra phy. For more infor ma tion on how to obtain geologic maps of an area, see our geologic mapping webpage. REF ER ENCE CITED Geothermal Database Schuster, J. E.; Bloomquist, R. G., 1994, Low-tem per a ture geo ther - The first edition of this publi cation mentioned a da tabase being mal re sources of Wash ing ton: Wash ing ton Di vi sion of Ge ol ogy and Earth Resources Open File Re port 94-11, 53 p., 2 plates. devel oped by J. Eric Schuster. That data base was published as [http://www.dnr.wa.gov/Publications/ger_ofr94-11_low_ Open File Report 94-11 (Schuster and Bloomquist, 1994). temp_geothermal.zip]

1 Bibli og ra phy and Index of Geother mal Resources and De vel op ment in Wash ing ton State with Se lected Gen eral Works com piled by Rebecca A. Chris tie

IN TRO DUC TION [original 1994 edition] Ac knowl edg ments [original 1994 edition] This bibli og ra phy was compiled in support of, and to comple - Many indi vid u als were gen erous with their time and re- ment, a data base of all known low and moder ate-tem per a ture sources. I es pecially thank J. Eric Schuster and Con nie J. Man son geother mal springs and wells in the State of Washing ton. The at the Washing ton Divi sion of Geol ogy and Earth Resources, and data base is being prepared by J. Eric Schuster and will be re- R. Gordon Bloomquist and Char Gruessing at the Washing ton leased as a sep arate open-file report by the Divi sion of Ge ology State Energy Office. I am grateful to indi vid u als at the Washing - and Earth Re sources. The bib li og ra phy ful fills one re quire ment ton State Library, the Washing ton State Energy Office Li brary, of a con trac tual agree ment be tween the Or e gon In sti tute of the Wash ing ton De part ment of Ecol ogy Li brary, the Or e gon In - Tech nol ogy Geo-Heat Cen ter and the Wash ing ton De part ment sti tute of Technol ogy Geo-Heat Center, and the Geothermal of Natu ral Resources. Funding was provided by the U.S. De- Resources Council. part ment of Energy. The in tent of this work is to be a com pre- hen sive com pi la tion of ref er ences to pub li ca tions about low- Sources of Infor mation [original 1994 edition] and mod er ate-tem per a ture geo ther mal re sources and po ten tial Wash ing ton State De part ment of Nat u ral Re sources devel op ment areas in the State of Washing ton through 1993. It Di vi sion of Ge ol ogy and Earth Re sources is not limited to geolog i cal aspects of geother mal resource ex- 1111 Washing ton St. SE, Rooms 148 & 173 plo ra tion. The bib li og ra phy con tains ref er ences on geo ther mal P.O. Box 47007 en gi neer ing, ex plo ra tion tech niques, le gal and in sti tu tional re- Olympia, WA 98504-7007 quirements, and case histo ries and feasi bil ity studies for direct- (206) 902-1450 use appli ca tions in Washing ton. Selected general works not spe- FAX (206) 902-1785 cific to Washing ton are also included. Wash ing ton State En ergy Of fice (WSEO) No attempt was made to include all reports about the geol ogy 925 Plum St., Town Square Bldg. 4 of regions be lieved to have poten tial for devel op ment of geother - P.O. Box 43169 mal re sources. For com pre hen sive in for ma tion on the ge ol ogy of Olympia, WA 98504-3169 a given area, please consult the Divi sion of Geol ogy and Earth WSEO Library (206) 956-2076; Resources library and (or) the indexes published by the Divi sion. FAX (206) 956-2217 R. Gordon Bloomquist (206) 956-2016 This work is presented in two parts: FAX (206) 956-2217 (1) Bib li og ra phy—Each ci ta tion is listed al pha bet i cally by au - Wash ing ton State Li brary thor and is given in full, in accor dance with our edi to rial 16th & Water Streets stan dards. Joint author cross-refer ences are also provided. P.O. Box 42460 (2) In dex—Each ci ta tion is listed al pha bet i cally by sub ject, Olympia, WA 98504-2460 county, and(or) physio graphic province, with subject (206) 753-5590 or 1-800-562-6090; and(or) ar eal sub di vi sions as ap pro pri ate. In this sec tion, FAX (206) 753-3546 only the au thor(s), date, and title of the ci tation are given- Or e gon In sti tute of Tech nol ogy Geo-Heat Cen ter enough infor ma tion to refer the user to the full cita tion in 3201 Campus Drive the bibli og ra phy. ItemsSUPERSEDED with the same author(s) and title Klamath Falls, OR 97601-8801 that are issued more than once (for exam ple, as both a the- (503) 885-1750 sis and an ab stract) are marked with an as ter isk (*) and are Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil not re peated. P.O. Box 1350 Many of the mate ri als listed are held in the ref er ence li brary at Da vis, CA 95617-1350 the Divi sion of Geol ogy and Earth Resources in Olympia and are available to the public for inspec tion. Three other collec tions house most of the other publi cations: the Washing ton State En- ergy Office Library, the office collec tion of R. Gordon Bloomquist at the Washing ton State Energy Office, and the Washington State Library. In for ma tion about ad di tional rel e vant ma te ri als or er rors will be ap pre ci ated.

2 Subject List

This list gives you the subject headings re lated to geother mal MOUNT BAKER resources that are used in this publi cation and the Washing ton MOUNT RAIN IER Ge ol ogy Li brary on line cat a log and bib li og ra phy. This list is in- MOUNT ST. HEL ENS cluded because the search terms you use may not be the ones WHITE PASS AREA used in this index. see also Subject headings are in upper-case type. Where sim i lar terms CAS CADE RANGE (NORTH) CAS CADE RANGE (SOUTH) are in popu lar use, we have listed those terms with a ‘see’ note to lead users to the term used in this index. ‘See also’ di rects read ers CAS CADE RANGE [GEN ERAL WORKS] to re lated or broader terms used in the index. CAS CADE RANGE – EX PLO RA TION AND EVAL U A TION see also CAS CADE RANGE (SOUTH) – EXPLO RA TION AD AMS CO. AND EVAL U A TION see also COLUMBIA BASIN CAS CADE RANGE – GEO PHYS I CAL SUR VEYS Aero mag net ic sur veys, see GEO PHYSICS – MAG NETIC Note: Includes electrical, electromagnetic, gravity, magnetic, SURVEYS and seismic surveys. Thermal surveys are listed under CASCADE RANGE – HEAT FLOW AND THERMAL AGRI BUSI NESS SURVEYS. see also GEO THER MAL EN GI NEER ING [GEN ERAL WORKS] see also CASCADE RANGE (SOUTH) – HEAT FLOW AND THERMAL SURVEYS Ahtanum Val ley, see YAKIMA CO. CAS CADE RANGE – HEAT FLOW AND THER MAL SUR VEYS AQUACULTURE see also CASCADE RANGE (SOUTH) – HEAT FLOW AND see also GEO THER MAL EN GI NEER ING THERMAL SURVEYS [GEN ERAL WORKS] CAS CADE RANGE (NORTH) ASOTIN CO. see also see also COLUMBIA BASIN CASCADE RANGE BAKER HOT SPRING (WHATCOM CO.) CAS CADE RANGE (SOUTH) see also THER MAL AND MIN ERAL WA TERS CAS CADE RANGE (SOUTH) BENTON CO. see also see also CASCADE RANGE COLUMBIA BASIN CAS CADE RANGE (NORTH) PASCO BASIN Note: Regional materials on the southern Cascade Range are BIB LI OG RA PHIES listed here. Specific materials within the southern Cascade Black Di a mond, Wash., see KING CO. Range are listed under the counties: BONNEVILLE HOT SPRINGS (SKAMANIA CO.) KING CO. KITTITAS CO. CAMAS, WASH., AND VI CIN ITY LEWIS CO. CAR SON HOT SPRINGS (SKAMANIA CO.) PIERCE CO. see also THERMAL AND MINERAL WATERS SKAMANIA CO. CARSON, WASH. (SKAMANIA CO.) YAKIMA CO. CAS CADE RANGE Specific mate ri als are also listed under the volca noes and Note: Regional materials on the Cascade Range are listed here. vol ca nic areas: Specific materials within the Cascade Range are listed under the IN DIAN HEAVEN AREA counties: MOUNT AD AMS CHELAN CO. MOUNT RAIN IER KING CO. MOUNT ST. HEL ENS KITTITAS CO. WHITE PASS AREA LEWIS CO. CASCADE RANGE (SOUTH) [GENERAL WORKS] OKANOGAN CO. CASCADE RANGE (SOUTH) – EXPLO RA TION AND PIERCE CO. EVAL U A TION SKAGIT CO. CASCADE RANGE (SOUTH) – HEAT FLOW AND SKAMANIA CO. GEO PHYS I CAL SUR VEYS SNOHOMISH CO. WHATCOM CO. Note: Includes heat flow and electrical, electromagnetic, gravity, YAKIMA CO. magnetic, seismic, and thermal surveys. see also Specific mate ri als are also are listed under the volca noes and CASCADE RANGE – GEOPHYSICAL SURVEYS vol ca nic areas: CAS CADE RANGE – HEAT FLOW AND THER MAL GLA CIER PEAK AREA SUR VEYS IN DIAN HEAVEN AREA CASCADIA BA SIN (OCEAN) MOUNT AD AMS

3 4 OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2

Case his to ries/case stud ies, see HEAT ING – CASE HISTO RIES ENVI RON MEN TAL IMPACT STATEMENTS CHELAN CO. EPHRATA, WASH. (GRANT CO.) see also CASCADE RANGE EQUIPMENT AND MATE RI ALS [GENERAL WORKS] CHENEY, WASH. (SPOKANE CO.) see also GEO THER MAL EN GI NEER ING [GEN ERAL CLALLAM CO. WORKS] see also OLYMPIC MOUNTAINS AND OLYMPIC EQUIP MENT AND MA TE RI ALS – DRILL ING PENINSULA EQUIP MENT AND MA TE RI ALS – HEAT EXCHANGERS AND CLARK CO. CON VEC TORS CO LUM BIA BA SIN EQUIP MENT AND MA TE RI ALS – HEAT PUMPS Note: Regional materials on the Columbia Basin are listed here. EQUIP MENT AND MA TE RI ALS – TRANS MIS SION AND Specific materials within the Columbia Basin are listed under the DIS TRI BU TION PIPE LINES counties: EX PLO RA TION AND EVAL U A TION [GEN ERAL WORKS] AD AMS CO. Note: Includes works on geothermal resource exploration and ASOTIN CO. assessment of development potential. BENTON CO. CO LUM BIA CO. EX PLO RA TION AND EVAL U A TION – CAS CADE RANGE DOUGLAS CO. EX PLO RA TION AND EVAL U A TION – CO LUM BIA BA SIN FRANK LIN CO. EX PLO RA TION AND EVAL U A TION – PUB LIC LANDS GAR FIELD CO. EX PLO RA TION AND EVAL U A TION – SOUTH WEST GRANT CO. WASH ING TON KLICKITAT CO. LIN COLN CO. EX PLO RA TION AND EVAL U A TION – STATE WIDE OKANOGAN CO. Fifes Peak Forma tion , see YAKIMA CO. SPO KANE CO. FRANKLIN CO. WALLA WALLA CO. see also WHIT MAN CO. COLUMBIA BASIN YAKIMA CO. PASCO BASIN CO LUM BIA CO. Fumaroles, see VOL CA NISM – FUMAROLES see also COLUMBIA BASIN GAMMA HOT SPRINGS (SNOHOMISH CO.) Com puter pro grams, see see also THERMAL AND MINERAL WATERS GEO THER MAL EN GI NEER ING – COM PUTER PRO GRAMS GAR FIELD CO. GEO THER MAL RE SOURCES – COM PUTER PRO GRAMS see also COLUMBIA BASIN COWLITZ CO. GEO CHEM IS TRY Direct use, see see also AGRI BUSI NESS (in cludes green houses) HY DROL OGY – CHEM I CAL ANAL Y SIS AQUACULTURE SOILS GEO THER MAL EN GI NEER ING [GEN ERAL WORKS] Geologic hazards , see VOL CA NISM – GEO LOGIC HAZARDS HEAT ING IN DUS TRIAL AND PRO CESS AP PLI CA TIONS GEOPHYS ICS – AERIAL INFRA RED SURVEYS Dis trict heat ing, see HEAT ING Geo phys ics – Aero mag net ic sur veys, see GEOPHYS ICS – MAGNETIC SURVEYS DOUGLAS CO. see also COLUMBIA BASIN GEOPHYS ICS – DRILLING – METHOD OL OGY Drill ing, see GEOPHYS ICS – ELECTRI CAL SURVEYS EXPLO RA TION AND EVALU A TION GEOPHYS ICS – ELECTRO MAG NETIC SURVEYS EQUIPMENT AND MATE RI ALS – DRILLING GEOPHYS ICS – GRAVITY SURVEYS GEOPHYS ICS – DRILLING – METHOD OL OGY GEOTHER MAL ENGI NEER ING [GENERAL WORKS] GEO PHYSICS – HEAT FLOW AND THERMAL SUR VEYS ELECTRIC POWER [GENERAL WORKS] [STATEWIDE AND GEN ERAL WORKS] ELEC TRIC POWER – ECONOMIC ASPECTS GEO PHYSICS – HEAT FLOW AND THERMAL SUR VEYS – CASCADE RANGE ELEC TRIC POWER – EN VI RON MEN TAL AS PECTS GEO PHYSICS – HEAT FLOW AND THERMAL SUR VEYS – ELECTRIC POWER – GEOTHER MAL POWER PLANTS COLUM BIA BASIN Elec tric power – Legal aspects , see LAW AND LEG IS LA TION GEOPHYS ICS – MAGNETIC SURVEYS Elec tri cal sur veys, see GEOPHYS ICS – ELECTRI CAL SURVEYS Geo physics – Magnetotelluric sur veys, see GEOPHYS ICS – Elec tro mag netic sur veys, see GEOPHYS ICS – ELECTRO MAG NETIC SURVEYS ELECTRO MAG NETIC SURVEYS GEOPHYS ICS – SEISMIC SURVEYS ELLENSBURG, WASH. (KITTITAS CO.) Geo ther mal en ergy – Laws and reg u la tions, see LAW AND En ergy – Geo ther mal, see ELECTRIC POWER LEG IS LA TION – LEASES AND PER MITS En ergy re source plan ning, see RE SOURCE PLAN NING OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2 5

GEO THER MAL EN GI NEER ING [GEN ERAL WORKS] For other di rect heat ing ap pli ca tions: See also see also AG RI BUSI NESS AG RI CUL TURE AQUACULTURE AQUACULTURE ELEC TRIC POWER IN DUS TRIAL AND PRO CESS EQUIP MENT AND MA TE RI ALS AP PLI CA TIONS HEAT ING IN DUS TRIAL AND PRO CESS AP PLI CA TIONS HEAT ING – CASE HISTO RIES GEO THER MAL EN GI NEER ING – COM PUTER PRO GRAMS HEAT ING – ECO NOMIC AS PECTS GEO THER MAL EN GI NEER ING – ECO NOMIC AS PECTS HEAT ING – FEA SI BIL ITY STUD IES GEO THER MAL EN GI NEER ING – EN VI RON MEN TAL HEAT ING – HAND BOOKS, MAN U ALS, ETC. AS PECTS Heating – Legal aspects , see LAW AND LEG IS LA TION GEO THER MAL EN GI NEER ING – HAND BOOKS, MAN U ALS, HEATING – RESI DEN TIAL ETC. see also POP U LAR WORKS Geother mal ice caves, see VOLCA NISM – GEOTHER MAL ICE Hot springs, see CAVES GEO PHYSICS—HEAT FLOW AND THERMAL SUR VEYS Geo ther mal power plants, see ELECTRIC POWER – THER MAL AND MIN ERAL WA TERS GEO THER MAL POWER PLANTS HYDROL OGY – CHEMI CAL ANALY SIS [STATEWIDE AND GEO THER MAL RE SOURCES [GEN ERAL WORKS AND GENERAL WORKS] SUM MA RIES] HYDROL OGY – CHEMI CAL ANALY SIS – CASCADE RANGE Note: For more detailed works, see EXPLORATION AND HYDROL OGY –CHEMI CAL ANALY SIS – COLUM BIA BASIN EVALUATION. HYDROL OGY – CHEMI CAL ANALY SIS – HANDBOOKS, GEO THER MAL RE SOURCES – COM PUTER PRO GRAMS MANU ALS, ETC. GEO THER MAL RE SOURCES – ECO NOMIC AS PECTS HYDROL OGY – CHEMI CAL ANALY SIS – PUGET LOWLAND GEO THER MAL RE SOURCES – GUIDE BOOKS HYDROL OGY – DIREC TO RIES GEO THER MAL RE SOURCES – ORAL HIS TORY, MYTHS, HYDROL OGY – GEOPHYS ICS LEG ENDS see also WELL LOGS GEO THER MAL RE SOURCES – SUSTAINABILITY Hydrol ogy – Ground water , see THER MAL AND MIN ERAL GIFFORD PINCHOT NA TIONAL FOREST WA TERS GLA CIER PEAK AREA HYDRO THER MAL VENTS AND PLUMES (OCEAN) Goat Rocks area, see WHITE PASS AREA Ice caves, see VOL CA NISM – GEO THER MAL ICE CAVES GOLDENDALE, WASH. (KLICKITAT CO.) IN DIAN HEAVEN AREA Goose Egg Mountain , see YAKIMA CO. INDUS TRIAL AND PROCESS APPLI CA TIONS see also GEOTHERMAL ENGINEERING [GENERAL GRANDVIEW, WASH. (YAKIMA CO.) WORKS] GRANT CO. In sti tu tional as pects, see LAW AND LEG IS LA TION see also COLUMBIA BASIN KELSO, WASH. (COWLITZ CO.) Grav ity sur veys, see GEO PHYSICS – GRAV ITY SUR VEYS KEN NEDY HOT SPRINGS (SNOHOMISH CO.) Green houses, see AGRI BUSI NESS see also THERMAL AND MINERAL WATERS GREEN RIVER SODA SPRINGS (COWLITZ CO.) KING CO. see also THERMAL AND MINERAL WATERS see also CAS CADE RANGE Ground water , see KITTITAS CO. HYDROL OGY see also CAS CADE RANGE THER MAL AND MIN ERAL WA TERS WA TER WELLS KLICKITAT CO. WELL LOGS see also COLUMBIA BASIN HARRAH, WASH. (YAKIMA CO.) LAW AND LEG IS LA TION Note: Includes legal, institutional, and regulatory aspects. Heat exchangers, see EQUIP MENT AND MA TE RI ALS – HEAT EXCHANGERS AND CON VEC TORS LAW AND LEG IS LA TION – HAND BOOKS, MAN U ALS, ETC. Heat flow, see GEO PHYSICS – HEAT FLOW AND THERMAL LAW AND LEG IS LA TION – LEASES AND PER MITS SURVEYS Leases, see LAW AND LEG IS LA TION – LEASES AND PER MITS Heat pumps, see EQUIP MENT AND MA TE RI ALS – HEAT LESTER HOT SPRINGS (KING CO.) PUMPS see also THERMAL AND MINERAL WATERS HEATING LEWIS CO. Note: Includes works on district and space heating of buildings. see also CAS CADE RANGE see also LIN COLN CO. EQUIP MENT AND MA TE RI ALS see also COLUMBIA BASIN GEO THER MAL EN GI NEER ING LONGVIEW, WASH. (COWLITZ CO.) 6 OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2

LOOWIT HOT SPRINGS (SKAMANIA CO.) MAPS – GEO LOGIC – KITTITAS CO. see also THERMAL AND MINERAL WATERS see also Mag netic sur veys, see GEO PHYSICS – MAG NETIC SUR VEYS MAPS – GEO LOGIC – NORTH WEST QUAD RANT MAPS – GEO LOGIC – SOUTHEAST QUAD RANT Magnetotelluric sur veys, see GEOPHYS ICS – MAPS – GEO LOGIC – SOUTHWEST QUAD RANT ELECTRO MAG NETIC SURVEYS MAPS – GEOLOGIC – KLICKITAT CO. MAPS – GEO LOGIC see also Note: Under MAPS – GEOLOGIC – [COUNTY] is a selected MAPS – GEO LOGIC – SOUTHEAST QUAD RANT list of geologic maps. For a complete list of all geologic maps, MAPS – GEO LOGIC – SOUTHWEST QUAD RANT see the indexes and web pages published by the Washington MAPS – GEO LOGIC – LEWIS CO. Division of Geology and Earth Resources. see also MAPS – GEO LOGIC – SOUTHWEST QUAD RANT Maps – Geologic – Ad ams Co., see also MAPS – GEO LOGIC – MAPS – GEO LOGIC – LINCOLN CO. SOUTH EAST QUAD RANT see also MAPS – GEO LOGIC – NORTH EAST QUAD RANT MAPS – GEO LOGIC – ASOTIN CO. MAPS – GEO LOGIC – MA SON CO. see also MAPS – GEO LOGIC – SOUTHEAST QUAD RANT see also Maps – Geologic – Benton Co., see MAPS – GEO LOGIC – MAPS – GEO LOGIC – NORTH WEST QUAD RANT SOUTHEAST QUADRANT MAPS – GEO LOGIC – SOUTHWEST QUAD RANT MAPS – GEO LOGIC – CASCADE RANGE MAPS – GEO LOGIC – NORTH EAST QUAD RANT see also MAPS – GEO LOGIC – NORTH WEST QUAD RANT MAPS – GEO LOGIC – NORTH WEST QUAD RANT MAPS – GEO LOGIC – SOUTHWEST QUAD RANT MAPS – GEO LOGIC – OKANOGAN CO. see also MAPS – GEO LOGIC – CHELAN CO. MAPS – GEO LOGIC – NORTH EAST QUAD RANT see also MAPS – GEO LOGIC – NORTH WEST QUAD RANT MAPS – GEO LOGIC – NORTH EAST QUAD RANT MAPS – GEO LOGIC – NORTH WEST QUAD RANT MAPS – GEO LOGIC – OLYM PIC MOUN TAINS/OLYM PIC PEN IN SULA MAPS – GEO LOGIC – CLALLAM CO. see also MAPS – GEO LOGIC – NORTH WEST QUAD RANT see also MAPS – GEO LOGIC – NORTH WEST QUAD RANT Maps – Geologic – Pacific Co., see also MAPS – GEO LOGIC – MAPS – GEOLOGIC – CLARK CO. SOUTH WEST QUAD RANT see also MAPS – GEO LOGIC – SOUTHWEST QUAD RANT Maps – Geologic – Pend Oreille Co., see also MAPS – MAPS – GEO LOGIC – COLUM BIA CO. GEO LOGIC – NORTH EAST QUAD RANT see also MAPS – GEO LOGIC – MAPS – GEO LOGIC – PIERCE CO. SOUTH EAST QUAD RANT see also MAPS – GEO LOGIC – COWLITZ CO. MAPS – GEO LOGIC – NORTH WEST QUAD RANT see also MAPS – GEO LOGIC – SOUTHWEST QUAD RANT MAPS – GEO LOGIC – SOUTHWEST QUAD RANT Maps – Geologic – Douglas Co., see also MAPS – GEO LOGIC – MAPS – GEO LOGIC – SAN JUAN CO. NORTH EAST QUAD RANT see also MAPS – GEO LOGIC – NORTH WEST QUAD RANT Maps – Geologic – Ferry Co., see MAPS – GEOLOGIC – MAPS – GEO LOGIC – SKAGIT CO. NORTHEAST QUADRANT see also MAPS – GEO LOGIC – NORTH WEST QUAD RANT Maps – Geo logic – Frank lin Co., see MAPS – GEO LOGIC – MAPS – GEO LOGIC – SKAMANIA CO. SOUTHEAST QUADRANT see also MAPS – GEO LOGIC – SOUTHWEST QUAD RANT MAPS – GEO LOGIC – GARFIELD CO. MAPS – GEO LOGIC – SNOHOMISH CO. see also MAPS – GEO LOGIC – SOUTHEAST QUAD RANT see also MAPS – GEO LOGIC – NORTH WEST QUAD RANT Maps – Geo logic – Grant Co., see MAPS – GEO LOGIC – SOUTHEAST QUAD RANT MAPS – GEO LOGIC – NORTHEAST QUAD RANT MAPS – GEO LOGIC – SOUTHWEST QUAD RANT MAPS – GEO LOGIC – SOUTH EAST QUAD RANT MAPS – GEO LOGIC – SPO KANE CO. MAPS – GEO LOGIC – GRAYS HAR BOR CO. see also MAPS – GEO LOGIC – NORTH EAST QUAD RANT see also MAPS – GEO LOGIC – NORTH WEST QUAD RANT MAPS – GEO LOGIC – STEVENS CO. MAPS – GEO LOGIC – SOUTHWEST QUAD RANT see also MAPS – GEO LOGIC – NORTH EAST QUAD RANT MAPS – GEO LOGIC – ISLAND CO. MAPS – GEO LOGIC – THURSTON CO. see also MAPS – GEO LOGIC – NORTH WEST QUAD RANT see also MAPS – GEO LOGIC – SOUTHWEST QUAD RANT MAPS – GEO LOGIC – JEFFER SON CO. Maps – Geologic – Wahkiakum Co., see also MAPS – GEO LOGIC see also MAPS – GEO LOGIC – NORTH WEST QUAD RANT – SOUTH WEST QUAD RANT MAPS – GEO LOGIC – KING CO. MAPS – GEO LOGIC – WALLA WALLA CO. see also see also MAPS – GEO LOGIC – SOUTHEAST QUAD RANT MAPS – GEO LOGIC – NORTH WEST QUAD RANT MAPS – GEO LOGIC – WHATCOM CO. MAPS – GEO LOGIC – SOUTHWEST QUAD RANT see also MAPS – GEO LOGIC – NORTH WEST QUAD RANT Maps – Geologic – Kitsap Co., see MAPS – GEO LOGIC – Maps – Geologic – Whit man Co., see also MAPS – GEO LOGIC – NORTHWEST QUADRANT SOUTH EAST QUAD RANT OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2 7

MAPS – GEO LOGIC – YAKIMA CO. Reg u la tory as pects, see LAW AND LEG IS LA TION see also RE MOTE SENS ING MAPS – GEO LOGIC – SOUTHEAST QUAD RANT RE SEARCH AND DE VEL OP MENT MAPS – GEO LOGIC – SOUTHWEST QUAD RANT see also EX PLO RA TION AND EVAL U A TION MAPS – GEO PHYS I CAL Res er voir eval u a tion, see EXPLO RA TION AND EVALU A TION Note: This is a selected list of geophysical maps. For a complete list of all geophysical maps, see the indexes published by the Res i den tial geo ther mal power, see POPU LAR WORKS OR Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources. HEATING – RESI DEN TIAL MAPS – GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES RESOURCE PLANNING [GENERAL WORKS] Note: Includes materials on energy planning and development to MAPS – HYDROLOGIC meet regional demands for heating and power consumption. MOFFETTS HOT SPRINGS (SKAMANIA CO.) RE SOURCE PLAN NING – ELEC TRIC POWER see also THERMAL AND MINERAL WATERS see also ELECTRIC POWER MOSES LAKE, WASH., AND VICINITY RE SOURCE PLAN NING – HEATING MOUNT AD AMS (YAKIMA CO.) see also HEAT ING MOUNT BAKER (WHATCOM CO. RICHLAND, WASH. (BENTON CO.) MOUNT BAKER/SNOQUALMIE NATIONAL FOREST SAINT MAR TINS HOT SPRINGS (SKAMANIA CO.) MOUNT RAIN IER (PIERCE CO.) see also THERMAL AND MINERAL WATERS MOUNT ST. HEL ENS (SKAMANIA CO.) [GENERAL WORKS] SE AT TLE, WASH. (KING CO.) Note: General works section does not include heat flow and Seis mic sur veys, see GEO PHYSICS – SEISMIC SUR VEYS thermal surveys or thermal and mineral waters. They are SHIPHERDS HOT SPRINGS (SKAMANIA CO.) subdivided below. see also THERMAL AND MINERAL WATERS MOUNT ST. HEL ENS – HEAT FLOW AND THERMAL SKAGIT CO. SUR VEYS see also CASCADE RANGE MOUNT ST. HEL ENS – THER MAL AND MIN ERAL WA TERS SKAMANIA CO. Moxee Valley , see YAKIMA CO. Note: Mate ri als about Mount St. Helens are not listed here. They NORTH BONNEVILLE, WASH., (SKAMANIA CO.) are listed under MOUNT ST. HELENS. OHANAPECOSH HOT SPRINGS (LEWIS CO.) see also CAS CADE RANGE see also THERMAL AND MINERAL WATERS SNOHOMISH CO. OKANOGAN CO. see also CAS CADE RANGE see also CASCADE RANGE or COLUMBIA BASIN, as SOILS appropriate. SOL DUC HOT SPRINGS (CLALLAM CO.) OKANOGAN RANGE – HEAT FLOW AND THER MAL see also THERMAL AND MINERAL WATERS SUR VEYS Space heating , see HEAT ING OLYM PIA, WASH. (THURSTON CO.) SPOKANE, WASH. OLYM PIC HOT SPRINGS (CLALLAM CO.) see also CO LUM BIA BA SIN see also THERMAL AND MINERAL WATERS STAN DARDS OLYM PIC MOUN TAINS AND OLYM PIC PEN IN SULA Steam boat Moun tain area, see SKAMANIA CO. see also CLALLAM CO. STEVENS CO. OTHELLO, WASH. (ADAMS CO.) SUL PHUR HOT SPRINGS (SNOHOMISH CO.) PASCO BA SIN see also THERMAL AND MINERAL WATERS see also BENTON CO. Sul phur Moun tain area, see SNOHOMISH CO. CO LUM BIA BA SIN SUMMIT CREEK SODA SPRING (LEWIS CO.) FRANK LIN CO. see also THERMAL AND MINERAL WATERS WALLA WALLA CO. SUNNY SIDE, WASH. (YAKIMA CO.) Per mits, see LAW AND LEG IS LA TION – LEASES AND TA COMA, WASH. (PIERCE CO.) PER MITS THER MAL AND MIN ERAL WA TERS [STATEWIDE AND PIERCE CO. GEN ERAL WORKS] Note: Materials about Mount Rainier are not listed here. They Note: Works in this section include data on water with are listed under MOUNT RAINIER. temperatures ³ 20° C. see also CAS CADE RANGE see also Pipe lines, see EQUIPMENT AND MATE RI ALS – BAKER HOT SPRING TRANSMIS SION AND DISTRI BU TION PIPELINES CAR SON HOT SPRINGS GAMMA HOT SPRING POPU LAR WORKS GREEN RIVER SODA SPRINGS Power plants, see ELECTRIC POWER – GEOTHER MAL POWER KENNEDY HOT SPRING PLANTS LESTER HOT SPRINGS Re frig er a tion, see INDUS TRIAL AND PROCESS APPLI CA TIONS LOOWIT HOT SPRINGS 8 OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2

MOFFETTS HOT SPRINGS VOL CA NISM – GEO LOGIC HAZ ARDS MOUNT SAINT HEL ENS – THERMAL AND MIN ERAL VOL CA NISM – GEO THER MAL ICE CAVES WA TERS WALLA WALLA CO. OHANAPECOSH HOT SPRINGS see also OLYMPIC HOT SPRINGS COLUMBIA BASIN SAINT MAR TINS HOT SPRINGS PASCO BA SIN SHIPHERDS HOT SPRINGS SOL DUC HOT SPRINGS WALLA WALLA, WASH. (WALLA WALLA CO.) SUL PHUR HOT SPRINGS WA TER WELLS SUMMIT CREEK SODA SPRING see also WA TER WELLS THER MAL AND MIN ERAL WA TERS WELL LOGS WELL LOGS THER MAL AND MIN ERAL WA TERS – CAS CADE RANGE Well drilling and construc tion , see EQUIP MENT AND THER MAL AND MIN ERAL WA TERS – CO LUM BIA BA SIN MA TE RI ALS – DRILL ING THERMAL AND MIN ERAL WATERS – OLYM PIC WELL LOGS MOUN TAINS AND OLYM PIC PEN IN SULA see also THER MAL AND MIN ERAL WA TERS THER MAL AND MIN ERAL WA TERS – PUGET LOWLAND WA TER WELLS THER MAL AND MIN ERAL WA TERS – SOUTH WEST ERN WENATCHEE NA TIONAL FOREST WASH ING TON WEST RICHLAND, WASH. (BENTON CO.) Ther mal sur veys, see GEO PHYSICS – HEAT FLOW AND THERMAL SURVEYS WHATCOM CO. THURSTON CO. Note: Materials about Mount Baker are not listed here. They are listed under MOUNT BAKER. Tieton vol cano, see YAKIMA CO. see also CAS CADE RANGE Tumac Moun tain and Tumac pla teau, see WHITE PASS AREA WHITE PASS AREA VAN COU VER, WASH. (CLARK CO.) WHIT MAN CO. VOL CA NISM [GEN ERAL WORKS] see also CO LUM BIA BA SIN Note: Works on specific volcanoes and volcanic areas are not WIND RIVER AREA (SKAMANIA CO.) included here. see YAKIMA CO. GLACIER PEAK AREA see also CASCADE RANGE or COLUMBIA BASIN, as IN DIAN HEAVEN AREA appropriate. MOUNT AD AMS YAKAMA IN DIAN RES ER VA TION MOUNT BAKER Yakima Valley , see MOUNT RAIN IER BENTON CO. MOUNT ST. HEL ENS COLUM BIA BASIN WHITE PASS AREA KITTITAS CO. see also YAKIMA CO. CASCADE RANGE YAKIMA, WASH. (YAKIMA CO.) VOL CA NISM – FUMAROLES Index by Subject

Subject head ing are in up per-case type. Lund, J. W., 1985, Ag ri cul ture and BAKER HOT SPRING Where simi lar terms are in popu lar use, we aqua culture ap pli ca tions of geo ther mal (WHATCOM CO.) have listed those terms with a ‘see’ note to en ergy. see also THERMAL AND MINERAL lead us ers to the term used in this in dex. Lund, J. W., 2003, Exam ples of in dustrial WATERS ‘See also’ notes direct the readers to related uses of geo ther mal en ergy in the United or broader terms used in the index. Brook, C. A.; Mar i ner, R. H.; Mabey, D. R.; States. Swanson, J. R.; Guffanti, Marianne; Full citations are found in the Bibliography Or e gon In sti tute of Tech nol ogy Geo-Heat Muffler, L. J. P., 1979, Hydro ther mal section that follows. Cen ter, 1982, Uti li za tion of warm well convec tion systems with reser voir ³ AD AMS CO. wa ter, east ern Wash ing ton State. tem per a tures 90° C. see also COLUMBIA BASIN Raffer ty, Kevin, 1985, Guide to green house Fassbender, L. L., 1982, As sessment of heat ing with geo ther mal en ergy. electric power conser va tion and supply Brown and Caldwell, 1981, Geo ther mal resources in the Pacific Northwest; direct use feasi bil ity study for City of Raf fer ty, Kevin, 1990, Geo ther mal Vol ume VI, Geo ther mal elec tric ity Othello, Wash ing ton. green house heat ing. gen er a tion; Draft. Lienau, P. J.; Culver, Gene; Lund, J. W., Raffer ty, Kevin, 1992, Green house heat ing Fassbender, L. L., 1982, As sessment of 1988, Geo ther mal di rect use equip ment se lec tion spread sheet. elec tric power con ser va tion and sup ply de vel opments in the United States, Raffer ty, Kevin, 2004, Direct-use resources in the Pacific Northwest; Au gust 1988. tem per a ture re quire ment—A few rules Volume VII, Geother mal space heating; of thumb. Or e gon In sti tute of Tech nol ogy Geo-Heat Draft. Cen ter, 1982, Fea si bil ity study for Ahtanum Val ley, see YAKIMA CO. Korosec, M. A., 1983, The 1983 tem per a ture Adams County Fire Sta tion, Othello, AQUACULTURE gra di ent and heat flow drill ing project Wash ing ton. see also GEOTHERMAL for the State of Washing ton. Taylor, G. C., Jr., 1944, Factual data ENGINEERING [GENERAL Sanders, J. W.; Miles, M. J., 1974, Mineral per tain ing to wells and springs in the WORKS] con tent of se lected geo thermal wa ters. Co lum bia Ba sin Pro ject area, Wash ing ton. Chiasson, An drew, 2005, Aquaculture and BENTON CO. geo ther mal heat pump systems. Van Denburgh, A. S.; Santos, J. F., 1965, see also Ground water in Wash ing ton—Its Dassow, J. A.; Steinberg, M. A., 1973, The CO LUM BIA BA SIN chem i cal and phys i cal qual ity. tech no log i cal ba sis for de vel op ment of PASCO BA SIN aquaculture to pro duce low-cost food Widness, S. E., 1986, The low-temper a ture Allen, Eliot, and As soci ates, Inc., 1984, fish. geother mal resource of the Moses Lake– HEATPLAN for Richland, Ritzville–Connell area, east-central Lund, J. W., 1985, Ag ri cul ture and Wash ing ton—A study of district heat ing Wash ing ton. aqua culture ap pli ca tions of geo ther mal favorabilities. en ergy. Aero mag net ic sur veys, see Allen, Eliot, and As soci ates, Inc., 1984, GEO PHYS ICS – MAG NETIC Or e gon In sti tute of Tech nol ogy Geo-Heat HEATPLAN for West Richland, SUR VEYS Cen ter, 1982, Uti li za tion of warm well Wash ing ton—A study of district heat ing wa ter, east ern Wash ing ton State. favorabilities. AG RI BUSI NESS Raffer ty, Kevin, 1986, Pond heat loss. Benson, L. V., 1978, Second ary miner als, see also GEOTHERMAL Raffer ty, Kevin, 1991, Aquaculture. ox i da tion po ten tials, pres sure and ENGINEERING [GENERAL tem per a ture gra di ents in the Pasco Ba sin WORK] Raffer ty, Kevin, 2004, Direct-use tem per a ture re quire ment—A few rules of Wash ing ton State. Allen, Eliot, and As soci ates, Inc., 1981, of thumb. Harper, Rob ert, 1982, Geo ther mal studies In ven tory of Wash ing ton in dus tries with sug gest en ergy pros pects. geo ther mal di rect-use po ten tial. Smith, K. C., 1981, A lay man’s guide to geo ther mal aquaculture. Konicek, D. L., 1974, Geo physi cal sur vey in Dellinger, Mark; Higbee, C. V.; Justus, south-cen tral Wash ing ton. Debra; Raffer ty, Kevin; Rivenes, Roger, Sommaruga, C.; Cioppi, D., 1986, 1982, Geo ther mal en ergy in the Geo ther mal aquaculture. Korosec, M. A.; Phillips, W. M.; Schuster, J. E.; and oth ers, 1983, The 1980–1982 north west—Site spe cific de vel op ment ASOTIN CO. anal y ses. geo thermal re source as sess ment pro gram see also COLUMBIA BASIN in Wash ing ton. Higbee, C. V.; Ryan, G. P., 1981, Green house heat ing with low Van Denburgh, A. S.; Santos, J. F., 1965, Moses, L. J., 1988, Min eral, hydro car bon, tem per a ture geo thermal wa ter. Ground water in Wash ing ton—Its and geo ther mal re source po ten tial study chem i cal and phys i cal qual ity. plan. Lienau, P. J.; Lund, J. W., 1974, Mul ti pur pose use of geo ther mal en ergy; Walkey, Clifton, 1984, Geo chem istry and Or e gon In sti tute of Tech nol ogy Geo-Heat Pro ceed ings of the in ter na tional struc tural set ting of a geo ther mal spring Cen ter, 1982, Uti li za tion of warm well con fer ence on geo ther mal en ergy for lo cated north of the Wash ing ton–Or e gon wa ter, east ern Wash ing ton State. in dus trial, ag ri cul tural and com mer cial- bor der prox i mate to the Snake River. Simpson, S. J.; Allen, E. M., 1985, res i den tial uses. Geo ther mal dis trict heat ing favorability studies in seven Wash ing ton cit ies.

9 10 BIB LI OG RA PHIES OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2

Van Denburgh, A. S.; Santos, J. F., 1965, within the Cascade Range are listed Long, Gregg; McClain, Da vid, 1983, Ground water in Wash ing ton—Its under the counties: Eco nomic con straints to the chem i cal and phys i cal qual ity. CHELAN CO. de vel op ment of geo ther mal power in the War ing, G. A., 1913, Ge ol ogy and wa ter KING CO. Cas cades. re sources of a por tion of south-cen tral KITTITAS CO. Mar i ner, R. H., 1985, Geo chem i cal fea tures Wash ing ton. LEWIS CO. of Cas cades hy dro ther mal sys tems. OKANOGAN CO. BIB LI OG RA PHIES Mari ner, R. H.; Evans, W. C.; Presser, T. S.; PIERCE CO. White, L. D., 2003, Ex cess ni tro gen in Fugro, Inc., 1980, Assess ment of vol ca nic SKAGIT CO. selected thermal and mineral springs of and geother mal activ ity in the Pasco SKAMANIA CO. the Cas cade Range in north ern Ba sin and vi cin ity; Vol ume 11— SNOHOMISH CO. Cal i for nia, Or e gon, and Wash ing ton— Bib li og ra phy. WHATCOM CO. Sed i men tary or vol ca nic in or i gin. Geo-Heat Cen ter, 2004, Wash ing ton YAKIMA CO. Mari ner, R. H.; Presser, T. S.; Evans, W. C., geo ther mal pub li ca tions list for Specific mate ri als are also are listed 1993, Geothermometry and wa ter–rock Geopowering the West. un der the vol ca noes and vol ca nic areas: in ter ac tion in se lected ther mal sys tems Korosec, M. A., 1980, Bib li ogra phy of GLA CIER PEAK AREA in the Cas cade Range and Modoc geo ther mal re source in for ma tion for the INDIAN HEAVEN AREA Plateau, western United States. State of Wash ing ton. MOUNT ADAMS Mari ner, R. H.; Presser, T. S.; Evans, W. C.; Korosec, M. A., 1983, Addi tions to the MOUNT BAKER Pringle, M. K. W., 1989, Dis charge rates bib li og ra phy of geo ther mal re source MOUNT RAINIER of ther mal flu ids in the Cas cade Range in for mation for the State of Wash ing ton. MOUNT ST. HEL ENS of Ore gon and Wash ing ton and their BLACK DI A MOND, WASH., see WHITE PASS AREA re la tion ship to the geo logic KING CO. see also en vi ron ment. CASCADE RANGE (NORTH) BONNEVILLE HOT SPRINGS Mari ner, R. H.; Presser, T. S.; Evans, W. C.; CASCADE RANGE (SOUTH) (SKAMANIA CO.) Pringle, M. K. W., 1990, Dis charge rates CASCADE RANGE [GEN ERAL of fluid and heat by ther mal springs of see also North Bonneville, Wash. WORKS] the Cas cade Range, Wash ing ton, Bloomquist, R. G., 2006, Bonneville Hot Ba con, C. R., 1980, Goals are set for Or e gon, and north ern Cal i for nia. Springs Resort, North Bonneville, WA. research in Cascades. Muffler, L. J. P.; Ba con, C. R.; Duffield, CAMAS, WASH., AND VI CIN ITY Blackwell, D. D.; Priest, G. R., 1996, W. A., 1982, Geo ther mal sys tems of the Cas cade Range. Daneš, Z. F., 1979, Bouguer grav ity map, Comment on “Rates and pat terns of Camas area, Wash ing ton and Or e gon. ground wa ter flow in the Cas cade Range Sidle, W. C., 1981, A geo logic over view of volca nic arc and the effect on subsurface the Cascade Range. Korosec, M. A.; Schuster, J. E., 1980, tem per a tures” by S. E. Ingebritsen, D. R. Smith, J. G., 1987, New compi la tion Geo ther mal in ves ti ga tions in the Camas Sherrod, and R. H. Mar i ner. area, Wash ing ton, 1979. geo logic map of the Cascade Range in Bloomquist, R. G., 1983, Geo ther mal Wash ing ton. McEuen, R. B.; Rigby, F. A.; Bowen, R. G., re sources in the Cas cades—Ac ces si ble/ Smith, J. G., 1989, Geo logic map of up per 1979, Geo ther mal re sources po ten tial of developable—The in sti tu tional set ting. the Lacamas fault region, Camas, Eocene to Holo cene volca nic and related Wash ing ton, U.S.A. Chen, Allan, 1983, Geo ther mal power house. rocks in the Cas cade Range, Wash ing ton. Rigby, F. A.; McEuen, R. B., 1980, Crandell, D. R., 1976, Prelim i nary Re sis tiv ity study of Camas, as sess ment of vol ca nic haz ards from U.S. Geo log i cal Sur vey, 1980, Cas cade Wash ing ton—Fi nal re port. fu ture vol ca nic erup tions in Wash ing ton. Range could pro duce ther mal en ergy as Forcella, L. S., 1982, Geo chem istry of well as volca noes. CARSON HOT SPRINGS thermal and mineral waters in the Youngquist, Wal ter, 1980, Pa cific North west (SKAMANIA CO.) Cascade moun tains of west ern North geo ther mal—Re view and out look. see also THERMAL AND MINERAL Amer ica. Youngquist, Wal ter, 1981, Geo ther mal WATERS Guffanti, Marianne; Muffler, L. J. P., 1985, poten tial of the Cas cades. Berri, D. A.; Korosec, M. A., 1983, Geother mal resources of the Cascades; Geo log i cal and geo ther mal in ves ti ga tion USGS work shop. CAS CADE RANGE – EX PLO RA TION AND EVAL U A TION of the lower Wind River val ley, Guffanti, Marianne; Muffler, L. J. P., ed itors, south west ern Wash ing ton Cas cade 1985, Pro ceed ings of the work shop on see also CASCADE RANGE Range. geother mal resources of the Cascade (SOUTH) – EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION CARSON, WASH. (SKAMANIA CO.) Range. Beeson, M. H., 1981, Hydro ther mal Or e gon In sti tute of Tech nol ogy Geo-Heat Har ris, S. L., 1980, Fire and ice—The alter ation in the Cascades. Cen ter, 1982, Geo ther mal heat ing Cas cade vol ca noes. fa cil i ties for Car son El e men tary School Hurwitz, Shaul; Kipp, K. L.; Ingebritsen, Bogart, L. E.; Readdy, L. A., 1987, and Wind River Mid dle School. S. E.; Reid, Mark, 2003, Wa ter-ta ble Impor tance of fault map ping to min eral/ el e va tion within vol ca nic ed i fices along geo ther mal ex plo ra tion—Re la tion ship to CAS CADE RANGE the Cas cade Range—In sights from fluid mi gra tion and ore for mation— Note: Regional materials on the Cascade nu mer i cal sim u la tions [ab stract]. North west Wash ing ton. Range are listed here. Specific materials OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2 CASCADE RANGE – HEAT FLOW AND THERMAL SURVEYS 11

Duffield, W. A., 1983, Geo logic frame work Vice, D. H., 2008, Geo ther mal ex plo ra tion Blackwell, D. D.; Priest, G. R., 1996, for geo ther mal en ergy in the Cas cade in the cen tral Wash ing ton Cas cades by Comment on “Rates and pat terns of Range. Burlington North ern. ground wa ter flow in the Cas cade Range Duffield, W. A.; Guffanti, Marianne, 1981, Weaver, C. S., 1985, Combined re gional volca nic arc and the effect on subsurface The geo ther mal re search pro gram of the seismotectonics and the ex tent of temper a tures” by S. E. Ingebritsen, U.S. Geo log i cal Sur vey. Ce no zoic vol ca nism—An im proved D. R. Sherrod, and R. H. Mariner. Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1981, first-or der geo ther mal as sess ment of the Blackwell, D. D.; Steele, J. L., 1983, A Geo ther mal po ten tial of the Cas cade Cas cade Range. summary of heat-flow stud ies in the Cas cade Range. moun tain range—Ex plo ra tion and CASCADE RANGE – GEOPHYSICAL de vel op ment. SURVEYS Blackwell, D. D.; Steele, J. L., 1985, Heat flow of the Cas cade Range. Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1981, Note: Includes electrical, Sym po sium on the geo ther mal po ten tial electromagnetic, gravity, magnetic, and Blackwell, D. D.; Steele, J. L.; Priest, G. R.; of the Cas cade moun tain range, 19–22 seismic surveys. Thermal surveys are Black, G. L.; Schuster, J. E.; Korosec, May 1981, Port land, Or e gon; Program listed under CASCADE RANGE – M. A., 1982, Heat flow, grav ity and with abstracts. HEAT FLOW AND THERMAL magmatism in the Cas cade Range of the Grose, L. T., 1975, Geo ther mal en ergy— SURVEYS. Pa cific North west [ab stract]. Ge ol ogy, ex plo ra tion, and see also CASCADE RANGE (SOUTH) Fournier, R. O., 1989, Max i mum depths of de vel op ments; Part l. – HEAT FLOW AND earthquakes as an aid in evalu at ing Guffanti, Marianne, 1985, Pre vi ous GEO PHYS I CAL SUR VEYS con vec tive and con duc tive heat fluxes es ti mates by the U.S. Geo log i cal Sur vey from the Cascade province and adja cent Booker, J. R., 1981, Geo magnetic sound ing regions. of geother mal resources of the Cascade in the Cas cade Range of Wash ing ton Range. State as a geo thermal ex plo ra tion Fried man, J. D., 1972, Ae rial ther mal Hook, J. W., 1984, The geo ther mal poten tial tech nique [ab stract]. surveil lance of volca noes of the Cas cade of the Cas cade Range. Range, Wash ing ton, Or e gon, and Daneš, Z. F.; Phillips, W. M., 1983, north ern Cal i for nia [abstract]. Kent As so ci ates, 1981, 1981 geo ther mal Complete Bouguer grav ity anomaly drill ing pro ject for State of Wash ing ton, map, Cas cade moun tains, Wash ing ton. Fried man, J. D., 1974, Ther mal surveil lance of Cascade Range volca noes [abstract]. De part ment of Nat u ral Re sources, Finn, C. A., 1985, Grav ity and mag netic Di vi sion of Ge ol ogy and Earth studies in the Cascade Range. Fried man, J. D.; Realmuto, V. J.; Frank, Resources. D. G., 1991, Com par i son of ther mal Finn, C. A.; Williams, D. L., 1983, Gravity fea tures of Cordilleran vol ca noes using Korosec, M. A., 1982, Progress re port on studies in the Cascade Range. geo ther mal en ergy pro grams in air borne sens ing systems, with spe cial Wash ing ton. Iyer, H. M., 1985, Char ac ter istics of refer ence to Mount St. Helens, WA Cas cades mag matic sys tems de ter mined [abstract]. La Fleur, Joe, 1983, An ex plo ra tion from teleseismic-re sid ual studies. over view. Ginsberg, I. W., 1982, Ther mal in fra red Phillips, W. M., 1983, Prog ress re port for the imag ery of the Cascade Range Lund, J. W.; Allen, E. M.; Higbee, C. V.; re gional grav ity survey of the Cas cade volcanics. Lienau, P. J.; Phillips, Wayne; Shreve, moun tain range, Wash ing ton. Jim, 1980, Assess ment of geo ther mal Hawley, D. L.; Brewster, S. B., Jr., 1982, A poten tial within the BPA market ing area, Stan ley, W. D., 1982, A re gional ther mal in fra red sur vey of se lected sites Contract No. DE-AC79-79BP15325, magneto telluric survey of the Cas cade in the Cas cade moun tain range of July, 1980. Range re gion, north west ern United Cal i for nia, Or e gon and Wash ing ton, States. surveyed July 1981. Mar i ner, R. H.; Brook, C. A.; Reed, M. J.; Bliss, J. D.; Rapport, A. L.; Lieb, R. J., Stan ley, W. D., 1983, Re gional and local Korosec, M. A.; Schuster, J. E., 1983, 1983, Low-tem per a ture geo ther mal geoelectrical structures in the Cascades Heatflow drilling in Wash ing ton dur ing resources in the western United States. and their role in geo ther mal and vol cano 1981. haz ard as sess ment [ab stract]. Muffler, L. J. P.; Guffanti, Marianne, 1989, MacLeod, N. S.; Swanson, D. A., 1985, Inte gra tion of earth-science data sets to Stan ley, W. D., 1984, Tec tonic study of Vol ca nism in the Cas cade Range. es ti mate un dis cov ered geo ther mal Cascade Range and Co lumbia pla teau in Morgan, Paul; Gosnold, W. D., 1989, Heat resources of the Cascade Range. Wash ing ton State based upon flow and ther mal re gimes in the magneto telluric soundings. Pilkington, H. D., 1981, Geo ther mal con ti nen tal United States. ex plo ra tion—Phi los o phy, meth ods, CASCADE RANGE – HEAT FLOW AND Moxham, R. M., 1970, Ther mal fea tures at impacts, land posi tions and problems. THERMAL SURVEYS vol ca noes in the Cas cade Range, as Schuster, J. E., 1981, A geo ther mal see also CASCADE RANGE (SOUTH) ob served by ae rial in fra red sur veys. ex plo ra tion phi los o phy for Mount St. – HEAT FLOW AND Muffler, L. J. P., 1987, Geo ther mal studies Hel ens, (and other Cas cade vol ca noes?). GEOPHYSICAL SURVEYS of the U.S. Geo log i cal Sur vey in the Ther mal Power Con fer ence, 1972, Blackwell, D. D., 1981, Heat flow in the Cas cade Range. Pro ceed ings, Oc to ber 5–6, 1972. Cascade Range of Ore gon and Nathenson, Manuel; Guffanti, Marianne, Vice, D. H., 1980, Geo ther mal poten tial in Wash ing ton, U.S.A. [ab stract]. 1988, Geo ther mal gra di ents in the Wash ing ton. Blackwell, D. D., 1982, Heat flow and con ter mi nous United States. geo ther mal po ten tial of the Cas cade Prestwich, S. M., 1985, Over view on Range [abstract]. Cas cades drill ing sta tus. 12 CASCADE RANGE (NORTH) OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2

Priest, G. R., 1984, Ra tio nale for sci en tific U.S. Forest Ser vice, 1982, Geo ther mal Hammond, P. E.; Bentley, R. D.; Brown, drill ing in the Cas cade vol ca nic arc re sources sem i nar, Mt. Baker– J. C.; Ellingson, J. A.; Swanson, D. A., [ab stract]. Snoqualmie Na tional For est, June 24, 1977, Vol ca nic stra tig ra phy and Priest, G. R., 1985, Conti nen tal sci en tific 1982. struc ture of the south ern Cas cade Range, Wash ing ton—Field trip no. 4. drilling—The Cascades as a target. CASCADE RANGE (SOUTH) Huntting, M. T., 1975, Geo ther mal re search Priest, G. R., 1986, A pro gram for sci en tific see also drill ing in the Steam boat Moun tain– drill ing in the Cas cades, northern CAS CADE RANGE Cal i for nia, Or e gon, and Wash ing ton. Lemei Rock area, Skamania County, CASCADE RANGE (NORTH) Wash ing ton. Priest, G. R., 1987, Geo ther mal re source Note: Regional materials on the southern Wise, W. S., 1970, Ceno zoic vol ca nism in po ten tial of Cas cade vol ca nic arc Cascade Range are listed here. Specific [ab stract]. the Cas cade moun tains of south ern materials within the southern Cascade Wash ing ton. Priest, G. R., 1987, In ves ti ga tion of the Range are listed under the counties: ther mal re gime and geo logic his tory of KING CO. CASCADE RANGE (SOUTH) – the Cascade volca nic arc—First phase of KITTITAS CO. EXPLORATION AND a program for scien tific drilling in the LEWIS CO. EVALUATION Cas cade Range. PIERCE CO. Barnett, D. B., 1986, The 1985 geo ther mal Priest, G. R.; Blackwell, D. D., 1984, SKAMANIA CO. gradi ent drilling project for the State of Un der stand ing ther mal en ergy and YAKIMA CO. Wash ing ton. dynamic pro cesses in subduction-re lated Specific materials are also listed under Barnett, D. B.; Korosec, M. A., 1986, vol ca nic arcs. the volcanoes and volcanic areas: Geo ther mal ex plor atory drill ing by the Schuster, J. E.; Korosec, M. A., 1981, INDIAN HEAVEN AREA State of Wash ing ton in 1985. Pre lim i nary re port on heat-flow drill ing MOUNT ADAMS Barnett, D. B.; Korosec, M. A., 1989, in Wash ing ton dur ing 1981. MOUNT RAINIER Geother mal research by the State of CASCADE RANGE (NORTH) MOUNT ST. HEL ENS Wash ing ton [ab stract]. WHITE PASS AREA see also Berri, D. A.; Korosec, M. A., 1983, Geo log i cal and geo ther mal in ves ti ga tion CASCADE RANGE CASCADE RANGE (SOUTH) of the lower Wind River val ley, CASCADE RANGE (SOUTH) [GENERAL WORKS] south west ern Wash ing ton Cas cade Note: Regional materials on the northern Clayton, G. A., 1982, Plio cene and Range. Cascade Range are listed here. Specific Pleisto cene volca nism in the White Pass Gizienski, S. F.; McEuen, R. B.; Birkhahn, materials within the northern Cascade area, south Cascade Range Wash ing ton, P. C., 1975, Re gional eval ua tion of the Range are listed under the counties: and its im pli ca tions for models of geo ther mal re source po ten tial in cen tral sub duc tions be neath the south ern CHELAN CO. Wash ing ton State. KING CO. Wash ing ton Cas cades [abstract]. Hildreth, Wes; Fierstein, Judy, 1990, KITTITAS CO. Clayton, G. A., 1983, Ge ol ogy of the White Geo logic map and geo ther mal OKANOGAN CO. Pass area, south-central Cascade Range, as sessment of the Mount Ad ams SKAGIT CO. Wash ing ton. SNOHOMISH CO. volca nic field, Cascade Range of Clayton, G. A., 1983, Plio cene and south ern Wash ing ton. WHATCOM CO. Pleis to cene vol ca nic his tory of the Huntting, M. T., 1975, Geo ther mal re search Specific materials are also listed under White Pass–Tumac Plateau region, drill ing in the Steam boat Moun tain– the volcanoes and volcanic areas: Wash ing ton. Lemei Rock area, Skamania County, GLACIER PEAK AREA Eichelberger, L., 1980, Cas cade Range, Wash ing ton. MOUNT BAKER Wash ing ton and Or e gon—Gen eral case. Korosec, M. A.; Barnett, D. B., 1989, Callahan, O. A., 2007, Ex huma tion and Hammond, P. E., compiler, 1974, Brief Geo ther mal re source ex plo ra tion tar get top o graphic de vel op ment of the out line to vol ca nic stra tig ra phy and area de fined by Divi sion drill ing Okanogan Range, north east North guide to ge ol ogy of southern Cas cade projects. Cas cades. Range, Wash ing ton and north ern Korosec, M. A.; Phillips, W. M.; Schuster, Cas cade Range. Or e gon—Guide book for Callahan, O. A.; Crider, Juliet; Reiners, J. E.; and oth ers, 1983, The 1980–1982 geo ther mal field trip, June 24–29, 1974. Peter, 2007, Con straints on mid geo ther mal re source as sess ment Ce no zoic to pog ra phy, ex hu ma tion and Hammond, P. E., 1975, Pre limi nary geo logic pro gram in Wash ing ton. tec ton ics within the Okanogan Range, map and cross-sec tions with em pha sis Korosec, M. A.; Schuster, J. E., 1980, northeast North Cascades [abstract]. on Qua ter nary vol ca nic rocks, south ern Geother mal assess ment for the State of Cas cade moun tains, Washington. Johnson, S. H.; Couch, R. W., 1970, Crustal Wash ing ton [ab stract]. struc ture in the north Cas cade moun tains Hammond, P. E., 1980, Re con nais sance Schuster, J. E., 1972, Geo ther mal of Wash ing ton and Brit ish Co lum bia geo logic map and cross sec tions of the ex plo ra tion in Wash ing ton. from seis mic re frac tion mea sure ments. south ern Wash ing ton Cas cade Range, Ta bor, R. W.; Crowder, D. F., 1969, On lat i tude 45°30¢–47°15¢ N., lon gi tude batholiths and vol ca noes—In tru sion and 120°45¢–122°22.5¢ W erup tion of Late Ce nozoic mag mas in the Glacier Peak area, North Cascades, Wash ing ton. OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2 COLUMBIA BASIN 13

CASCADE RANGE (SOUTH) – HEAT Schasse, H. W., com piler, 1987, Geo logic Lund, J. W.; Lienau, P. J.; Culver, Gene, FLOW AND GEOPHYSICAL map of the Mount Rain ier quad ran gle, 1991, The current sta tus of geo ther mal SURVEYS Wash ing ton. di rect use de vel opment in the United Note: Includes heat flow and electrical, Ta bor, R. W.; Crowder, D. F., 1969, On States up date—1985–1990. electromagnetic, gravity, magnetic, batholiths and vol ca noes—In tru sion and McEuen, R. B.; Rigby, F. A.; Bowen, R. G., seismic, and thermal surveys. erup tion of late Ce nozoic mag mas in the 1979, Geo ther mal re sources po ten tial of see also Glacier Peak area, North Cascades, the Lacamas fault region, Camas, Wash ing ton. Wash ing ton, U.S.A. CASCADE RANGE – GEO PHYS I CAL SUR VEYS U.S. Geo log i cal Sur vey, 1977, Or e gon In sti tute of Tech nol ogy Geo-Heat Aero magnet ic map of part of north ern Cen ter Quar terly Bul le tin, 1987, CASCADE RANGE – HEAT FLOW Wash ing ton. Geo ther mal pipe line–Wash ing ton— AND THER MAL SURVEYS Clark Col lege uses 50° F for dis trict CHENEY, WASH. (SPOKANE CO.) Blackwell, D. D.; Steele, J. L.; Kelley, S. A., heating. Allen, Eliot, and As soci ates, Inc., 1984, 1990, Heat flow in the State of Phillips, W. M., com piler, 1987, Geo logic HEATPLAN for Cheney, Wash ing ton— Wash ing ton and ther mal con di tions in map of the Mount St. Hel ens A study of district heating favorabilities. the Cascade Range. quad ran gle, Wash ing ton and Or e gon. Simpson, S. J.; Allen, E. M., 1985, Daneš, Z. F., 1980, Regional grav ity survey Phillips, W. M., com piler, 1987, Geo logic Geo ther mal dis trict heat ing favorability of the south ern Cas cades, Wash ing ton. map of the Van cou ver quad ran gle, studies in seven Wash ing ton cit ies. Daneš, Z. F., 1981, Pre limi nary Bouguer Wash ing ton. grav ity map, south ern Cas cade CLALLAM CO. Rigby, F. A.; McEuen, R. B., 1980, moun tains area, Wash ing ton. see also OLYMPIC MOUNTAINS Re sis tiv ity study of Camas, Gizienski, S. F.; McEuen, R. B.; Birkhahn, AND OLYMPIC PENINSULA Wash ing ton—Fi nal re port. P. C., 1975, Re gional eval ua tion of the Bloomquist, R. G., 1979, Geo ther mal en ergy geo thermal re source po ten tial in cen tral COLUMBIA BASIN in Wash ing ton—Site data base and Wash ing ton State. Note: Regional materials on the de vel op ment sta tus. Hammond, P. E.; Korosec, M. A., 1983, Columbia Basin are listed here. Specific Bloomquist, R. G., 2003, Sol Duc Hot Progress re port on the time-space- materials within the Columbia Basin are Springs—The re sort that re fused to die. com po si tion model for the Qua ter nary listed under the counties: volcanics of the south Cas cades, Lienau, P. J.; Culver, Gene; Lund, J. W., ADAMS CO. Wash ing ton. 1988, Geo ther mal di rect use ASOTIN CO. de vel op ments in the United States, Hammond, P. E.; Pedersen, S. A.; Hopkins, BENTON CO. Au gust 1988. K. D.; Aiken, Dan; Harle, D. S.; Daneš, CO LUM BIA CO. Z. F.; Konicek, D. L.; Stricklin, C. R., Or e gon In sti tute of Tech nol ogy Geo-Heat DOUGLAS CO. 1976, Ge ol ogy and gravimetry of the Cen ter, 1981, Sol Duc Hot Springs FRANK LIN CO. Qua ter nary ba saltic vol ca nic field, fea si bil ity study (Wash ing ton), GAR FIELD CO. south ern Cas cade Range, Wash ing ton. De cem ber, 1981. GRANT CO. Sammel, E. A., 1979, Oc cur rence of low- KLICKITAT CO. Korosec, M. A.; Phillips, W. M.; Schuster, LIN COLN CO. J. E.; and oth ers, 1983, The 1980–1982 tem per a ture geo thermal wa ters in the United States. OKANOGAN CO. geo thermal re source as sess ment pro gram SPO KANE CO. in Wash ing ton. Stearns, N. D.; Stearns, H. T.; Waring, G. A., WALLA WALLA CO. Phillips, W. M., 1983, Prelim i nary 1937, Ther mal springs in the United WHIT MAN CO. in ter pre ta tion of re gional grav ity States. YAKIMA CO. in for ma tion from the south ern Cas cade Van Denburgh, A. S.; Santos, J. F., 1965, Biggane, J. H., 1981, The low temper a ture mountains of Washington. Ground water in Wash ing ton—Its geother mal resources of the Yakima chem i cal and phys i cal qual ity. CASCADIA BA SIN (OCEAN) re gion—A pre lim i nary report. Thomson, R. E.; Da vis, E. E.; Burd, B. J., CLARK CO. Bodvarsson, Gunnar; Reistad, G. M., 1979, 1995, Hydro ther mal venting and Daneš, Z. F., 1979, Bouguer grav ity map, Per for mance and fea si bil ity of forced geo ther mal heat ing in Cascadia Basin. Camas area, Wash ing ton and Or e gon. geoheat re cov ery for low tem per a ture ap pli ca tions. Case his to ries/case stud ies, see Huntting, M. T., 1979, Geo ther mal gra di ent HEAT ING – CASE HISTO RIES mea sure ments and drill ing op er a tions in Bortleson, G. C.; Cox, S. E., 1986, the Cowlitz River Val ley, Mount St. Oc cur rence of dis solved so dium in CHELAN CO. Helens, and Camas areas, Washing ton. ground wa ters in bas alts un der ly ing the see also CASCADE RANGE Co lum bia pla teau, Wash ing ton. Lienau, P. J., 1986, Sta tus of di rect heat Church, S. E.; Stotelmeyer, R. B., 1984, projects in western states. Brown, J. C., 1980, Stra tig ra phy and Glacier Peak Wilder ness study area, ground-wa ter hy drol ogy of se lected Lienau, P. J.; Culver, Gene; Lund, J. W., Wash ing ton. ar eas, Co lum bia pla teau, Wash ing ton. 1988, Geo ther mal di rect use Crowder, D. F.; Ta bor, R. W.; Ford, A. B., de vel op ments in the United States, Cremer, G. M., 1981, Pa cific North west 1966, Geo logic map of the Glacier Peak Au gust 1988. re gion. quad ran gle, Snohomish and Chelan Korosec, M. A.; Schuster, J. E., 1980, Daneš, Z. F., 1981, Geo physi cal stud ies on Coun ties, Wash ing ton. Geo ther mal in ves ti ga tions in the Camas Co lum bia River ba salt prov ince. area, Wash ing ton, 1979. 14 COLUMBIA CO. OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2

Derkey, P. D.; John son, B. R., 1995, Digi tal Newcomb, R. C., 1972, Qual ity of the GEOTHER MAL RESOURCES – maps of low- to mod er ate-tem per a ture ground wa ter in ba salt of the Co lumbia COMPUTER PROGRAMS geo ther mal springs and wells in the River group, Wash ing ton, Or e gon, and Pa cific North west—A con tri bu tion to Idaho. COWLITZ CO. the In te rior Co lum bia River Ba sin Raffer ty, Kevin; Knipe, Ed, 1985, Some Burkhardt, H. E.; Brook, C. A.; Smith, F. Eco sys tem Management Project. con sid er ations for large wa ter source W., 1980, Selected admin is tra tive, land, Ertec West ern, Inc., 1981, Re vi sions to, heat pumps. and re source data for known geo ther mal re sources ar eas in Ar i zona, Cal i for nia, As sess ment of vol ca nic and geo ther mal Robinette, M. S.; Robinette, M. J.; Brown, ac tivity in the Pasco Basin and vicin ity; Idaho, Ne vada, Or e gon, and J. C., 1977, Geo phys i cal in ves ti ga tions Washington. Vol ume I—Nar ra tive report. of Wash ing ton’s ground-wa ter re sources; Fugro, Inc., 1980, Assess ment of vol ca nic an nual re port 1975/1976. Crandell, D. R.; Mullineaux, D. R., 1978, Po ten tial haz ards from fu ture erup tions and geother mal activ ity in the Pasco Schuster, J. E.; Bloomquist, R. G., 1994, Ba sin and vi cin ity; Vol ume I—Nar ra tive of Mount St. Hel ens vol cano, Low-tem per a ture geo ther mal re sources Wash ing ton. report. of Wash ing ton. Fugro, Inc., 1980, Assess ment of vol ca nic Hyde, J. H., 1970, Geo logic set ting of Smith, R. N., 1980, Heat flow of the west ern Merrill Lake and evalu a tion of vol ca nic and geother mal activ ity in the Pasco Snake River plain. Ba sin and vi cin ity; Vol ume II— hazards in the Kalama River valley near Stan ley, W. D., 1984, Tec tonic study of Bib li og ra phy. Mount St. Hel ens, Wash ing ton. Cascade Range and Co lumbia pla teau in Korosec, M. A., 1983, The 1983 Harper, Rob ert, 1982, Geo ther mal studies Wash ing ton State based upon sug gest en ergy pros pects. tem per a ture gra di ent and heat flow magnetotelluric soundings. drilling project for the State of Hearn, P. P.; Steinkampf, W. C.; Bortleson, Stoffel, K. L.; Korosec, M. A., 1984, Low Wash ing ton. G. C.; Drost, B. W., 1985, Geo chem i cal tem per a ture geo thermal re sources of the Lienau, P. J.; Culver, Gene; Lund, J. W., con trols on dis solved sodium in ba salt Co lum bia Ba sin, east ern Wash ing ton. aqui fers of the Co lumbia pla teau, 1988, Geo ther mal di rect use Stoffel, K. L.; Widness, S. E., compil ers, Wash ing ton. de vel op ments in the United States, 1983, Fluid-tem per a ture logs for Au gust 1988. Hoover, D. B.; Long, C. L.; Senterfit, R. M., selected wells in eastern Washing ton. 1978, Some re sults from audiomag ne to- Lipman, P. W.; Mullineaux, D. R., ed i tors, Stoffel, K. L.; Widness, S. E., compil ers, telluric in ves ti ga tions in geo ther mal 1981, The 1980 eruptions of Mount St. 1983, Geo physi cal logs of se lected wells areas. Hel ens, Wash ing ton. in east ern Wash ing ton. Konicek, D. L., 1975, Geo physi cal sur vey in Lund, J. W.; Lienau, P. J.; Culver, Gene, Swanson, D. A.; Wright, T. L.; Zietz, south-cen tral Wash ing ton. 1991, The current sta tus of geo ther mal Isidore, 1979, Aero magnet ic map and di rect use de vel opment in the United Korosec, M. A., 1982, Progress re port on geo logic in ter pre ta tions of the west- States up date—1985–1990. geo ther mal en ergy pro grams in cen tral Co lum bia pla teau, Wash ing ton Wash ing ton. Phillips, W. M., com piler, 1987, Geo logic and ad ja cent Oregon. map of the Mount St. Hel ens Korosec, M. A.; Phillips, W. M.; Schuster, Taylor, G. C., Jr., 1944, Factual data quad ran gle, Wash ing ton and Or e gon. J. E., 1982, The low tem per a ture per tain ing to wells and springs in the Phillips, W. M., com piler, 1987, Geo logic geo thermal re sources of east ern Co lum bia Ba sin Pro ject area, Wash ing ton. map of the Van cou ver quad ran gle. Wash ing ton. Wash ing ton. Lund, J. W.; Allen, E. M.; Higbee, C. V.; Ther mal Power Con fer ence, 1972, Thompson, J. M., 1990, Chemi cal data from Lienau, P. J.; Phillips, Wayne; Shreve, Pro ceed ings, Oc to ber 5–6, 1972. Jim, 1980, Assess ment of geo ther mal ther mal and nonthermal springs in Van Denburgh, A. S.; Santos, J. F., 1965, poten tial within the BPA market ing area, Mount St. Hel ens Na tional Mon ument, Ground water in Wash ing ton—Its Contract No. DE-AC79-79BP15325, Wash ing ton. chem i cal and phys i cal qual ity. July, 1980. U.S. Forest Ser vice, 1978, Geo ther mal Walkey, Clifton, 1984, Geo chem istry and Mar i ner, R. H.; Brook, C. A.; Reed, M. J.; leas ing and de vel op ment, Gifford struc tural set ting of a geo ther mal spring Bliss, J. D.; Rapport, A. L.; Lieb, R. J., Pinchot Na tional Forest; Draft lo cated north of the Wash ing ton–Or e gon 1983, Low-tem per a ture geo ther mal en vi ron men tal anal y sis report. bor der prox i mate to the Snake River. resources in the western United States. U.S. Forest Ser vice, 1978, Geo ther mal Widness, S. E., 1986, The low-temper a ture Morgan, Paul; Gosnold, W. D., 1989, Heat leas ing and de vel opment on part of the geother mal resource of the Moses Lake– flow and ther mal re gimes in the Gifford Pinchot Na tional For est; Draft Ritzville–Connell area, east-central con ti nen tal United States. en vi ron men tal statement. Wash ing ton. Murphy, P. J.; Johnpeer, G. D., 1981, An U.S. Geo log i cal Sur vey, 1981, as sess ment of geo thermal re source COLUMBIA CO. Aeromag net ic map of the Mt. Marga ret area, Wash ing ton. po ten tial Pasco Ba sin and vi cin ity, see also COLUMBIA BASIN U.S. Geo log i cal Sur vey, 1981, Wash ing ton. Van Denburgh, A. S.; Santos, J. F., 1965, Aeromag net ic map of the Mt. St. Helens Nathenson, Manuel; Guffanti, Marianne, Ground water in Wash ing ton—Its area, Wash ing ton. 1988, Geo ther mal gra di ents in the chem i cal and phys i cal qual ity. Vice, D. H., 1980, The Pigeon Springs con ter mi nous United States. Computer programs, see geo ther mal pros pect, Cowlitz Co., Newcomb, R. C., 1965, Ge ol ogy and GEOTHER MAL ENGI NEER ING – ground-wa ter re sources of the Walla Wash ing ton. COMPUTER PROGRAMS Walla River ba sin, Wash ing ton–Or e gon. OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2 ELECTRIC POWER – ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS 15

Vice, D. H., 2008, Geo ther mal ex plo ra tion Dickson, M. H.; Fanelli, Mario, edi tors, Bloomquist, R. G., com piler, 1981, A in the central Wash ing ton Cas cades by 1990, Small geo ther mal re sources—A pro posal for North west geo ther mal Burlington North ern. guide to de vel op ment and uti li za tion. de vel op ment. Direct use, see Elec tric Power Re search In sti tute, 1987, Bloomster, C. H., 1975, Eco nomic anal ysis Pro ceed ings; Tenth an nual geo ther mal AGRI BUSI NESS of geo ther mal en ergy costs. con fer ence and workshop. AQUACULTURE Brown and Caldwell, 1981, Geo ther mal Fassbender, L. L., 1979, Geother mal electric direct use feasi bil ity study for City of GEOTHER MAL ENGI NEER ING power in the Pa cific North west. Othello, Wash ing ton. [GENERAL WORKS] Kestin, Jo seph; DiPippo, Ron ald; Khalifa, Chandrasekharam, D.; Bundschuh, Jochen, HEAT ING H. E.; Ryley, D. J., edi tors, 1980, 2008, Low-enthalpy geo ther mal IN DUS TRIAL AND PRO CESS Sourcebook on the pro duc tion of re sources for power gen er a tion: CRC AP PLI CA TIONS elec tric ity from geo thermal energy. Press/Balkema, 149 p. District heating, see HEATING Kreuter, H.; Kapp, B., 2008, The con cept of DiPippo, Ron ald, 1999, Small geo ther mal hybrid power plants in geother mal power plants—De sign, per for mance and DOUGLAS CO. ap pli ca tions. eco nom ics. see also COLUMBIA BASIN Lund, J. W., 2007, Char ac ter istics, En ergy De sign Update, 1998, New drill ing Russell, I. C., 1893, A geo log i cal de vel op ment and uti li za tion of method may chop 25% off geo ther mal reconnois sance [sic] in central geo thermal re sources. loop costs. Wash ing ton. Milora, S. L.; Tester, J. W., 1976, GeothermEx, Inc., 1987, Con sider ations for Drilling, see Geother mal energy as a source of a pro gram to con firm a 100-MW EXPLO RA TION AND elec tric power—Ther mo dy namic and geother mal resource in the Pacific EVAL U A TION eco nomic de sign cri te ria. North west; Draft. EQUIP MENT AND MA TE RI ALS – MIT-led in ter dis ci plin ary panel, 2006, The Kreuter, H.; Kapp, B., 2008, The con cept of fu ture of geo ther mal en ergy—Im pact of DRILL ING hybrid power plants in geother mal en hanced geo thermal sys tems (EGS) on ap pli ca tions. GEO PHYS ICS – DRILL ING – the United States in the 21st century. METH OD OL OGY Lesser, J. A., 1992, Eco nomic impacts of Ryan, G. P., 1982, Binary gen er a tors—You’ll geo ther mal de vel op ment, Skamania GEOTHERMAL ENGINEERING wonder where the power went. County, Wash ing ton. [GENERAL WORKS] Ryan, G. P., 1983, Binary gen er a tors—The Lesser, J. A., 1992, Eco nomic impacts of ELECTRIC POWER [GENERAL go/no go de ci sion. geo ther mal de vel op ment, Whatcom WORKS] Seely, D. B., 1985, Geother mal assess ment County, Wash ing ton. Austin, A. L.; House, P. A., 1978, New in the Bonneville Power Ad minis tra tion Olson, H. J., 1982, The pric ing of con cepts for con vert ing the en ergy in ser vice area. geo thermal en ergy for elec tri cal power low- to me dium-tem per a ture liq uids, Spinney, P. J., 1984, Se at tle City Light gen er a tion. with em pha sis on geo ther mal geo ther mal ex plo ra tion stud ies. ap pli ca tions. Raffer ty, Kevin, 2003, The eco nomics of SRI In ter na tional; Free man and As so ci ates; con nect ing small build ings to Bloomquist, R. G.; Black, G. L.; Parker, Intasa; Leitner, Philip, 1980, Small geo ther mal dis trict heat ing systems. D. S.; Sifford, A.; Simpson, S. J.; Street, power pro duc tion and cogeneration L. V., 1985, Eval ua tion and rank ing of Reif, Thomas, 2008, Prof it abil ity anal y sis fa cil i ties—El i gi bil ity, rates and geo thermal re sources for elec tri cal and risk man age ment of geo ther mal ex emp tions for qual i fy ing and util ity- gen er a tion or elec tri cal off set in Idaho, pro jects. owned geo ther mal small power Montana, Or e gon, and Washington. pro duc tion fa cil i ties; West ern re gional ELECTRIC POWER – Bloomquist, R. G.; Geyer, J. D.; Sifford, A., draft sup ple men tal environmental ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS 1987, Eval u a tion and rank ing of impact statement. Chupka, Mark; Howarth, Da vid, 1992, geo thermal re sources for elec tri cal United Na tions Sympo sium on the Re new able elec tric gen er a tion—An gen er a tion or elec tri cal off set in Idaho, De vel op ment and Use of Geo ther mal as sess ment of air pol lu tion pre ven tion Montana, Or e gon and Wash ing ton; Re sources, (2nd, San Fran cisco, 1975), po ten tial; Fi nal report. PURPA in flu ence on con tem po rary 1976, Pro ceed ings. Fassbender, L. L., 1982, As sessment of geo ther mal plants—Case studies 1986. United Na tions Sympo sium on the elec tric power con ser va tion and sup ply Bloomquist, R. G.; O’Brien; R. G.; Spurr, De vel op ment and Uti li za tion of resources in the Pacific Northwest; Mark, 1999, Geo ther mal district energy Geo ther mal Re sources, (1st, Pisa, 1970), Vol ume VI, Geo ther mal elec tric ity at colocated sites. 1971, Pro ceed ings. gen er a tion; Draft. Britton, J. M.; Forster, C.; Fairbank, B. D., U.S. Bonneville Power Ad min is tra tion, ELECTRIC POWER – ECONOMIC 1984, Re port on Mt. Baker geo ther mal 1993, Re source pro grams final ASPECTS pro ject, Whatcom County, Wash ing ton; en vi ron men tal im pact statement. 1984 explo ra tion program (Phase IIb). Battocletti, Liz, 2003, Geother mal small Davis, A. E.; Enderlin, W. I.; Blahnik, D. E.; busi ness work book. Ja cob son, J. J.; Weakley, S. A., 1980, Bloomquist, R. G., 1981, A pro gram for As sess ment of geo thermal en ergy as a ac cel er at ing geo thermal de vel op ment in power source for U.S. alumi num the State of Wash ing ton. re duc tion plants. 16 ELECTRIC POWER – GEO THER MAL POWER PLANTS OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2

ELECTRIC POWER – GEO THER MAL Sundquist, C. T., 1987, The ab sorption U.S. Forest Ser vice, 1979, Geo ther mal POWER PLANTS power gen er a tor. leas ing and de vel opment on part of the Blaydes & Asso ci ates, 2007, Cali for nia Sundquist, C. T., 1989, A small ab sorption Gifford Pinchot Na tional For est, geother mal energy collab o ra tive— power gen er a tor us ing low grade Skamania County, Wash ing ton. Expand ing Cali for nia’s confirmed geo ther mal heat. EPHRATA, WASH. (GRANT CO.) geo thermal re sources bases— Electric power – Legal aspects, see LAW Bloomquist, R. G., 1983, Ephrata attracts Geo ther mal permitting guide. AND LEGISLATION na tional at ten tion—Gov er nor ded i cates Bloomquist, R. G.; Geyer, J. D.; Sifford, Elec tri cal sur veys, see GEO PHYS ICS – in no va tive geo ther mal system. B. A., III, 1989, In nova tive de sign of ELEC TRI CAL SUR VEYS Bloomquist, R. G., 1983, Wa ter source heat new geo ther mal gen er at ing plants— Elec tro mag netic sur veys, see pumps for district heat ing. Ap pen di ces. GEO PHYS ICS – Fornes, A. O., 1981, Di rect-use geo ther mal Bloomquist, R. G.; Geyer, J. D.; Sifford, ELEC TRO MAG NETIC SURVEYS district heating project in the U.S.—A B. A., III, 1989, In nova tive de sign of sum mary. new geo ther mal gen er at ing plants— ELLENSBURG, WASH. (KITTITAS CO.) Sup ple ment. Sackville-West Cortner; Gerard, Thomas J., Korosec, M. A., 1982, Progress re port on geo ther mal en ergy pro grams in Brown, H., 1998, New con dens ers for and As so ci ates, Inc., 1984, Geo ther mal Wash ing ton. geo ther mal power. heat pump study for Parke Creek Group Home. Lienau, P. J., 1986, Sta tus of di rect heat Chandrasekharam, D.; Bundschuh, Jochen, projects in western states. 2008, Low-enthalpy geo ther mal En ergy – Geo thermal, see ELECTRIC re sources for power gen er a tion. POWER Lienau, P. J.; Culver, Gene; Lund, J. W., 1988, Geo ther mal di rect use DeBerry, D. W.; Ellis, P. F.; Thomas, C. C., Energy resource planning, see de vel op ments in the United States, 1978, Ma te ri als se lec tion guide lines for RESOURCE PLANNING Au gust 1988. geother mal power sys tems; First edition. ENVIRONMENTAL IM PACT Or e gon In sti tute of Tech nol ogy Geo-Heat Dickson, M. H.; Fanelli, Mario, edi tors, STATE MENTS Cen ter, 1979, Heat ing fa cil i ties for the Geo ther mal en ergy—Uti li za tion and Brown, H., 1998, New con dens ers for city schools, Ephrata, Wash ing ton, tech nol ogy. geother mal power. No vem ber 1979. DiPippo, Ron ald, 1980, Geo ther mal en ergy SRI In ter na tional; Free man and As so ci ates; Raffer ty, Kevin; Knipe, Ed, 1985, Some as a source of electric ity—A worldwide Intasa; Leitner, Philip, 1980, Small con sid er ations for large wa ter source survey of the de sign and op er a tion of power pro duc tion and cogeneration heat pumps. geo ther mal power plants. fa cil i ties—El i gi bil ity, rates and Ryan, G. P., 1980, Heat ing fa cil i ties for the DiPippo, Ron ald, 1999, Small geo ther mal ex emp tions for qual i fy ing and util ity- city schools—Ephrata, Wash ing ton. power plants—De sign, per for mance and owned geo ther mal small power eco nom ics. pro duc tion fa cil i ties; West ern re gional Sammel, E. A., 1979, Oc cur rence of low- tem per a ture geo thermal wa ters in the DiPippo, Ron ald, 2008, Geo ther mal power draft sup ple men tal environmental impact United States. plants—Prin ci ples, ap pli ca tions, case statement. stud ies and en vi ron men tal im pact; 2nd U.S. Bonneville Power Ad min is tra tion, Wash ing ton State En ergy Of fice, 1987?, ed. 1993, Re source pro grams final District heat ing and cool ing. DiPippo, Ron ald; Ellis, P. F., II, 1990, en vi ron men tal im pact statement. EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS Geo ther mal in for ma tion se ries, Part 2— U.S. Bu reau of Land Manage ment; U.S. [GENERAL WORKS] Geo ther mal power cy cle se lec tion Forest Ser vice, 2008, Draft see also GEOTHERMAL guidelines; Draft final report, EPRI pro gram matic en vi ron men tal im pact ENGINEERING [GENERAL pro ject RP3034-1. statement (PEIS) for geother mal leasing WORKS] Johnson, V. V., 1980, Util ity per spec tives on in the western United States. Beer, Christine; Hederman, W. F., Jr.; north west geo ther mal re sources. U.S. De part ment of the In te rior, 1973, Fi nal Allman, D. W., 1984, Resource Kreuter, H.; Kapp, B., 2008, The con cept of en vi ron men tal state ment for the de vel op ment—Sys tem de sign, hybrid power plants in geother mal geo ther mal leas ing program. con struc tion and op er a tion for ap pli ca tions. U.S. Forest Ser vice, 1978, Geo ther mal geo ther mal di rect use applications. Lund, J. W.; Boyd, Tonya, 1999, Small leas ing and de vel op ment, Gifford Brown, H., 1998, New con dens ers for geo ther mal power pro ject ex am ples. Pinchot Na tional Forest; Draft geo ther mal power. en vi ron men tal anal y sis report. Lund, J. W., 2004, 100 years of geo ther mal Lienau, P. J.; Culver, Gene; Raffer ty, Kevin, power pro duc tion: Geo-Heat Cen ter U.S. Forest Ser vice, 1978, Geo ther mal 1990?, Di rect use R&D as sistance; Final Bul le tin. leas ing and de vel opment on part of the re port, Jan u ary 1988–Sep tem ber 1990. Gifford Pinchot Na tional For est; Draft Lund, J. W., 2007, Char ac ter istics, en vi ron men tal statement. Lienau, P. J.; Lunis, B. C., edi tors, 1989, de vel op ment and uti li za tion of Geo ther mal di rect use en gi neer ing and geo thermal re sources. U.S. Forest Ser vice, 1978, Gifford Pinchot de sign guide book. Na tional For est—Fi nal en vi ron men tal ORMAT, Inc., [no date], Pro duc tion of im pact state ment, Up per Cispus Raffer ty, Kevin, 2001, Well pumps and electri cal energy from low enthalpy Plan ning Unit, land manage ment plan. pip ing. geo ther mal re sources by bi nary power Skokan, C. K.; Ibrahim, A., 1978, Re search plants. on the phys i cal prop er ties of geo ther mal res er voir rock; Quar terly report. OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2 EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS – HEAT PUMPS 17

United Na tions Sympo sium on the EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS – Braud, H. J.; Oli ver, James; Klimkowski, De vel op ment and Use of Geo ther mal HEAT EXCHANGERS AND Henry, 1988, Earthsource heat Re sources, (2nd, San Fran cisco, 1975), CONVECTORS exchanger for heat pumps. 1976, Pro ceed ings. Batdorf, J. A.; Simmons, G. M., 1984, Build ing Op er at ing Man age ment, 1997, United Na tions Sympo sium on the Op ti mi za tion of de sign and con trol Mining Manhattan for cool air. De vel op ment and Uti li za tion of strat e gies for geo thermal space heat ing Ellis, P. F., II, 1985, Compan ion study guide Geo ther mal Re sources, (1st, Pisa, 1970), systems. to short course on geo ther mal cor ro sion 1971, Pro ceed ings. Culver, Gene, 1989, Downhole heat and mit i ga tion in low tem per a ture Varnado, S. G., ed i tor, 1980, Geo ther mal exchangers. geo ther mal heat ing systems. drill ing and com ple tion tech nol ogy Culver, Gene, 1990, DHE. En ergy De sign Update, 1997, Ground- de vel op ment pro gram an nual prog ress Culver, Gene, 1991, Ver ti cal pump tur bine cou pled heat pumps sparkle in world’s re port, Oc to ber 1979–September 1980. oil en vi ron men tal eval u a tion. larg est res i den tial in stal la tion. EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS – Culver, Gene; Reistad, G. M., 1978, En ergy De sign Update, 2001, New heat DRILLING Eval ua tion and de sign of downhole heat pump will tap Btus in mu nic i pal wa ter. Barker, L. M.; Green, S. J.; Maurer, W. C.; exchangers for di rect ap pli ca tion, Fi nal Fahys-Smith, Virginia; Wonstolen, K. A., DeVries, L. K., 1976, An nual re port on report. 1981, Guide book to wa ter source heat the pro ject to de sign and ex per i men tally Doyle, P. T.; Silves ter, L. F., 1986?, Analy sis pumps; A re view of system tech nol ogy, test an im proved geo ther mal drill bit. of field per for mance data on shell-and- cost effec tive ness, and state policy DiPippo, Ron ald, 2008, Geo ther mal power tube heat exchangers in geother mal concerns. plants—Prin ci ples, ap pli ca tions, case ser vice. Lannus, Arvo, 1985, Heat pump manual. stud ies and en vi ron men tal im pact; En ergy De sign Update, 1997, Ground- Lienau, P. J., 1980, Heat pumps and 2nd ed. cou pled heat pumps sparkle in world’s geo ther mal. En ergy De sign Update, 1998, New drill ing larg est res i den tial in stal la tion. Lienau, P. J.; Culver, Gene, 1986?, method may chop 25% off geo ther mal Morita, K.; Matsubayashi, O., 1989, Geo ther mal tech nol ogy trans fer for loop costs. Downhole co ax ial heat exchanger for di rect heat ap pli ca tions; Fi nal report. Hodges, R. E., 1988, Cal i bra tion and vol ca nic en ergy ex trac tion. Lienau, P. J.; Culver, Gene; Lund, J. W., stan dard iza tion of geo phys i cal well- Raffer ty, Kevin, 1993, Direct use geo ther mal 1988, Geo ther mal di rect use log ging equip ment for hydrologic appli ca tions for brazed plate heat de vel op ments in the United States, ap pli ca tions. exchangers. Au gust 1988. Hodges, R. E.; Teasdale, W. E., 1991, Suratt, W. B.; Lee, Chang-Ou, 1978, Study Lund, J. W., 1988, Geo ther mal heat pump Con sid er ations re lated to drill ing and test ing of di rect con tact heat utili za tion in the United States. methods in plan ning and per forming exchangers for geother mal brines; Lund, J. W., 1989, Geo ther mal heat bore hole-geo phys i cal log ging for Phase II, Au gust, 1976–June, 1977. pumps—Trends and com par i sons. ground-wa ter studies. Swisher, Ron; Wright, G. A., 1990, Morck, O. C.; Pedersen, Thomas, ed i tors, Huntting, M. T., 1975, Geo ther mal re search In hi bi tion of cor ro sion at the air-wa ter 1989, IEA district heat ing—Advanced drill ing in the Steam boat Moun tain– in ter face in geo ther mal downhole heat dis trict heat ing pro duc tion tech nol o gies. Lemei Rock area, Skamania County, exchangers. Wash ing ton. Na tional Cen ter for Ap pro pri ate Tech nol ogy, Urbanek, M. W., 1978, De vel opment of 1988, Using the earth to heat and cool Huntting, M. T., 1979, Geo ther mal gra di ent direct contact heat exchangers for homes. mea sure ments and drill ing op er a tions in geo ther mal brines—Fi nal re port for Pratsch, L. W., 1992, Geo ther mal heat the Cowlitz River Val ley, Mount St. eight (8) month pe riod, Oc to ber 4, pumps bene fit the consumer, util ity, and Helens, and Camas areas, Washing ton. 1977–June 30, 1978. na tion. Keys, W. S.; MacCary, L. M., 1971, EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS – Ap pli ca tion of bore hole geo phys ics to Raffer ty, Kevin, 1990, A tale of two heat HEAT PUMPS wa ter re sources in ves ti ga tions. pumps. Bloomquist, R. G., ed i tor, 1981, Pro ceed ings Mau rer, W. C., 1978, Economic in cen tives Raffer ty, Kevin; Knipe, Ed, 1988, Some of the geo ther mal sym po sium—Low for im proved geo ther mal drill ing con sid er ations for large wa ter-source tem per a ture uti li za tion, heat pump mo tors. heat pumps. ap pli ca tions, dis trict heat ing, Sep tem ber Re frig er a tion Ser vice & Con tract ing, 1997, Olson, H. J., 1994, Geo ther mal res er voir 24, 1980. as sessment based on slim hole drill ing. Ground-cou pled heat pumps sparkle in Bloomquist, R. G., 1983, Wa ter source heat world’s larg est res i den tial in stal la tion. Paillet, F. L.; Morin, R. H.; Keys, W. S., pumps for district heat ing. 1986, Bore hole geo phys i cal ap pli ca tions Reistad, G. M.; Means, Paul, 1980, Heat Bloomquist, R. G., 1999, Com mercial in the char ac ter iza tion of geo thermal pumps for geo ther mal ap pli ca tions— geo ther mal heat pumps. en ergy resources. Avail abil ity and per for mance; Fi nal Bloomquist, R. G., 1999, Geo ther mal heat report. pumps—Four plus decades of Riley En gi neer ing, Inc., 1984, Geo ther mal ex pe ri ence. water source, heat pump feasi bil ity Braud, H. J., 1992, Groundcou pled heat study, Wash ing ton State Pen i ten tiary, pump appli ca tions and case stud ies. Walla Walla, Washington. 18 EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS – TRANSMISSION OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2

Sackville-West Cortner; Gerard, Thomas J., Dickson, M. H.; Fanelli, Mario, edi tors, Goldstein. N. E., 1984, Fracture de tec tion and As so ci ates, Inc., 1984, Geo ther mal 1990, Small geo ther mal re sources—A and map ping for geo ther mal res er voir heat pump study for Parke Creek Group guide to de vel op ment and uti li za tion. def i ni tion—An as sess ment of cur rent Home. DiPippo, Ron ald, 2008, Geo ther mal power tech nol ogy, re search, and research U.S. Bonneville Power Ad min is tra tion, plants—Prin ci ples, ap pli ca tions, case needs. 1983, Pro ceed ings; Heat pumps for stud ies and en vi ron men tal im pact; Lienau, P. J.; Lunis, B. C., edi tors, 1989, heat ing and cool ing of res i den tial and 2nd ed. Geo ther mal di rect use en gi neer ing and light com mer cial buildings. Duffield, W. A.; Sass, J. H., 2003, de sign guide book. Vi tro En gi neer ing Cor po ra tion, 1981, Geo ther mal en ergy—Clean power from MIT-led in ter dis ci plin ary panel, 2006, The Geothermally assisted heat pump sys tem the Earth’s heat. fu ture of geo ther mal en ergy—Im pact of fea si bil ity study, Yakima Re gional Post Edwards, L. M.; Chilingar, G. V.; Rieke, en hanced geo thermal sys tems (EGS) on Office, Yakima, Washington. H. H., III; Fertl, W. H., edi tors, 1982, the United States in the 21st century Warfel, M. R., 1995, Ap pli ca tion of Hand book of geo ther mal en ergy. Muffler, L. J. P., ed i tor, 1979, As sessment of ground wa ter-source heat pumps for Fournier, R. O., chair per son, 1976, Sec ond geo ther mal re sources of the United heat ing and cool ing in Wash ing ton State United Na tions sympo sium on the States—1978. [ab stract]. de vel op ment and use of geo ther mal Nehring, N. L.; Bowen, P. A.; Truesdell, Watzlaf, G. R.; Ackman, T. E., 2007, re sources; Pro ceed ings. A. H., 1977, Tech niques for the Flooded un derground coal mines—A Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1977, con ver sion to car bon di ox ide of ox y gen sig nif i cant source of in ex pen sive Geother mal—State of the art. from dissolved sul fate in ther mal waters. geo thermal energy. Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1978, Nunz, G. J., 1993, The xerolithic geo ther mal Zimmerman, K. H.; Powell, R. H., Jr., Geo ther mal en ergy—A nov elty be comes (“hot dry rock”) en ergy re source of the ed i tors, 1987, Heat pumps—Prospects in re source. United States—An up date. heat pump tech nol ogy and mar ket ing; Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1979, Olson, H. J., 1994, Geo ther mal res er voir Pro ceed ings of the 1987 In ter na tional Ex pand ing the geo ther mal fron tier. as sessment based on slim hole drill ing. En ergy Agency heat pump conference. Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1980, Rybach, Ladislaus, 2007, Geo ther mal EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS – Ba sic ge ol ogy for the ex plo ra tion of sustainability. TRANSMISSION AND geo ther mal re sources, July 21–23, 1980, Skokan, C. K.; Ibrahim, A., 1978, Re search DISTRIBUTION PIPELINES Klamath Falls, Oregon. on the physi cal proper ties of geother mal Raf fer ty, Kevin, 1989, Geo ther mal dis trict Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1980, reser voir rock; Quarterly report. pip ing—A primer. Geo ther mal—En ergy for the eight ies. Sorey, M. L.; Nathenson, Manuel; Smith, Raf fer ty, Kevin, 1990, Pip ing ma te ri als for Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1981, Chris tian, 1983, Meth ods for as sessing geo ther mal dis trict heat ing sys tems (or Geo ther mal en ergy—The in ter na tional low-tem per a ture geo thermal re sources. Peter Piper picked a peck of pre- suc cess story. United Na tions Sympo sium on the in su lated piping). Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1982, De vel op ment and Use of Geo ther mal Raffer ty, Kevin, 2001, Well pumps and Geo ther mal en ergy—Turn on the power! Re sources, (2nd, San Fran cisco, 1975), pip ing. 1976, Pro ceed ings. Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1983, EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION Geo ther mal re sources—En ergy on tap! United Na tions Sympo sium on the De vel op ment and Uti li za tion of [GENERAL WORKS] Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1984, Geo ther mal Re sources, (1st, Pisa, 1970), Note: Includes works on geothermal Geo ther mal en ergy—Bet on it! 1971, Pro ceed ings. resource exploration, and assessment of Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1985, 1985 U.S. De part ment of En ergy, 1980, Re source development potential. in ter na tional sym po sium on geo ther mal as sess ment/com mer cial iza tion plan ning energy. Ander son, D. N.; Lund, J. W., ed i tors, 1979, meet ing, Salt Lake City, Utah, 1980. Di rect uti li za tion of geo ther mal Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1986, U.S. De part ment of En ergy, 1993, en ergy—A tech ni cal handbook. Geo ther mal en ergy—A mile stone year. Geo ther mal en ergy—The Armstead, H. C. H., 1973, Geo ther mal Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1987, en vi ron men tally re spon si ble en ergy en ergy—Re view of re search and Build ing for the fu ture. tech nol ogy for the Nine ties; Pro ject de vel op ment. Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1988, New sum ma ries, Geo ther mal Program Barbier, Enrico, ed i tor, 1978, Pro ceed ings of ho ri zons. Review XI. the ENEL-ERDA workshop on Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1989, The Wohletz, Ken neth; Heiken, Grant, 1992, geo thermal re source as sess ment and Gey sers—Three de cades of Vol ca nol ogy and geo ther mal en ergy. res er voir en gi neer ing, held at Larderello, achievement—A window on the fu ture. It aly, 12–16 Sep tem ber 1977. EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION – Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1990, 1990 Barbier, Enrico; Fanelli, Mario, 1973, CASCADE RANGE in ter na tional sym po sium on geo ther mal Over view of geo ther mal ex plo ra tion and Barnett, D. B., 1986, The 1985 geo ther mal energy. de vel op ment in the world. gradi ent drilling project for the State of Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1991, Chandrasekharam, D.; Bundschuh, Jochen, Wash ing ton. Trans ac tions. 2008, Low-enthalpy geo ther mal Barnett, D. B., 1989, Geother mal drill ing by re sources for power gen er a tion. Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1992, 20th the State of Wash ing ton in 1988. an ni ver sary. OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2 EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION – CASCADE RANGE 19

Barnett, D. B.; Korosec, M. A., 1989, Grose, L. T., 1975, Geo ther mal en ergy— Korosec, M. A.; Schuster, J. E., 1980, Geother mal research by the State of Ge ol ogy, ex plo ra tion, and Geother mal assess ment for the State of Wash ing ton [ab stract]. de vel op ments; Part I. Wash ing ton [ab stract]. Barnett, D. B.; Korosec, M. A., 1989, Guffanti, Marianne, 1985, Pre vi ous Korosec, M. A.; Schuster, J. E., 1980, Re sults of the 1988 geo ther mal gra di ent es ti mates by the U.S. Geo log i cal Sur vey Geo ther mal as sess ment of Mount St. test drilling project for the State of of geother mal resources of the Cascade Hel ens, Wash ing ton, 1979. Wash ing ton. Range. Korosec, M. A.; Schuster, J. E., 1983, Beeson, M. H., 1981, Hydro ther mal Hammond, P. E.; Korosec, M. A., 1983, Heatflow drilling in Wash ing ton dur ing alter ation in the Cascades. Progress re port on the time-space- 1981. Berri, D. A.; Korosec, M. A., 1983, com po si tion model for the Qua ter nary La Fleur, Joe, 1983, An ex plo ra tion Geo log i cal and geo ther mal in ves ti ga tion volcanics of the south Cas cades, over view. Wash ing ton. of the lower Wind River val ley, Lesser, J. A., 1992, Eco nomic impacts of south west ern Wash ing ton Cas cade Hardee, H. C., 1985, Shal low magma targets geo ther mal de vel op ment, Skamania Range. in the western U.S. County, Wash ing ton. Bogart, L. E.; Readdy, L. A., 1987, Haz ard Monthly, 1980, Geo ther mal en ergy Lesser, J. A., 1992, Eco nomic impacts of Impor tance of fault map ping to min eral/ from Cas cade vol ca noes. geo ther mal de vel op ment, Whatcom geo ther mal ex plo ra tion—Re la tion ship to Hildreth, Wes; Fierstein, Judy; Miller, M. S., County, Wash ing ton. fluid mi gra tion and ore for mation— 1983, Min eral and geother mal re source Muffler, L. J. P.; Guffanti, Marianne, 1989, North west Washington. poten tial of the Mount Adams Inte gra tion of earth-science data sets to Britton, J. M.; Forster, C.; Fairbank, B. D., Wil der ness and con tig u ous roadless es ti mate un dis cov ered geo ther mal 1984, Re port on Mt. Baker geother mal areas, Skamania and Yakima Counties, resources of the Cascade Range. pro ject, Whatcom County, Wash ing ton; Washington. Phillips, W. M., 1983, Prelim i nary 1984 ex plo ra tion pro gram (Phase IIb). Holmes, Jenny; Waugh, Kathleen, 1983, in ter pre ta tion of re gional grav ity Brook, C. A.; Mar i ner, R. H.; Mabey, D. R.; Tar get ing geo ther mal ex plo ra tion sites in in for ma tion from the south ern Cas cade Swanson, J. R.; Guffanti, Marianne; the Mount St. Hel ens area us ing soil mountains of Washington. Muffler, L. J. P., 1979, Hydro ther mal mercury surveys. Phillips, W. M., 1983, Prog ress re port for the con vec tion sys tems with res er voir Hook, J. W., 1984, The geo ther mal poten tial re gional grav ity survey of the Cas cade tem per a tures ³ 90° C. of the Cas cade Range. moun tain range, Wash ing ton. Ciancanelli, E. V., 1987, Ge ol ogy and Huntting, M. T., 1975, Geo ther mal re search Pilkington, H. D., 1981, Geo ther mal geother mal resource poten tial of Mt. drill ing in the Steam boat Moun tain– ex plo ra tion—Phi los o phy, meth ods, Adams volcano, Washing ton. Lemei Rock area, Skamania County, impacts, land posi tions and problems. Clayton, G. A., 1980, Ge ol ogy of the White Wash ing ton. Prestwich, S. M., 1985, Over view on Pass–Tumac Mountain area, Kent As so ci ates, 1981, 1981 geo ther mal Cas cades drill ing sta tus. Wash ing ton. drill ing pro ject for State of Wash ing ton, Priest, G. R., 1984, Ra tio nale for sci en tific Clayton, G. A., 1983, Plio cene and De part ment of Nat u ral Re sources, drill ing in the Cas cade vol ca nic arc Pleis to cene vol ca nic his tory of the Di vi sion of Ge ol ogy and Earth [ab stract]. White Pass–Tumac Plateau region, Resources. Priest, G. R., 1985, Conti nen tal sci en tific Wash ing ton. Kent As so ci ates, 1981, Geo ther mal drilling—The Cascades as a target. Daneš, Z. F., 1980, Grav ity re sults, North ex plo ra tion pro ject. Phase I— Bonneville area, Wash ing ton. Tem per a ture gra di ent drill ing for City of Priest, G. R., 1986, A pro gram for sci en tific drill ing in the cas cades, northern Daneš, Z. F., 1980, Regional grav ity survey North Bonneville, Wash ing ton, June, Cal i for nia, Or e gon, and Wash ing ton. of the south ern Cas cades, Wash ing ton. 1981. Priest, G. R., 1987, In ves ti ga tion of the Duffield, W. A., 1983, Geo logic frame work Kent Asso ci ates, 1982, City of North ther mal re gime and geo logic his tory of for geo ther mal en ergy in the Cas cade Bonneville, Wash ing ton, geo ther mal the Cascade volca nic arc—First phase of Range. ex plo ra tion pro ject, pro duc tion test well, Phase II. a program for scien tific drilling in the Duffield, W. A.; Guffanti, Marianne, 1981, Cas cade Range. The geo ther mal re search pro gram of the Kent, R. C., 1982, Ther mal wa ter Priest, G. R.; Blackwell, D. D., 1984, U.S. Geo log i cal Sur vey. en coun tered in lava flows at North Bonneville, Wash ing ton [ab stract]. Un der stand ing ther mal en ergy and Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1981, dynamic pro cesses in subduction-re lated Korosec, M. A., 1982, Geo ther mal Geo ther mal po ten tial of the Cas cade vol ca nic arcs. moun tain range—Ex plo ra tion and impli ca tions of the Mount St. Helens Schuster, J. E., 1972, Geo ther mal de vel op ment. vol cano [ab stract]. ex plo ra tion in Wash ing ton. Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1981, Korosec, M. A., 1983, The 1983 tem per a ture Schuster, J. E., 1981, A geo ther mal Sym po sium on the geo ther mal po ten tial gra di ent and heat flow drill ing pro ject ex plo ra tion phi los o phy for Mount St. of the Cas cade moun tain range, 19–22 for the State of Wash ing ton. Hel ens, (and other Cas cade vol ca noes?). May 1981, Port land, Or e gon; Program Korosec, M. A.; Barnett, D. B., 1989, with abstracts. Geo ther mal re source ex plo ra tion tar get Stan ley, W. D., 1982, A re gional magnetotelluric sur vey of the Cas cade Gizienski, S. F.; McEuen, R. B.; Birkhahn, area de fined by Divi sion drill ing Range re gion, north west ern United P. C., 1975, Re gional eval ua tion of the projects. States. geo thermal re source po ten tial in cen tral Wash ing ton State. 20 EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION – COLUMBIA BASIN OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2

U.S. Forest Ser vice, 1978, Geo ther mal Widness, S. E., 1986, The low-temper a ture Koenig, J. B., 1971, Geo ther mal ex plo ra tion leas ing and de vel op ment, Gifford geother mal resource of the Moses Lake– in the western United States. Pinchot Na tional Forest; Draft Ritzville–Connell area, east-central Korosec, M. A., 1982, Progress re port on en vi ron men tal anal y sis report. Wash ing ton. geo ther mal en ergy pro grams in U.S. Forest Ser vice, 1982, Geo ther mal EX PLO RA TION AND EVAL U A TION – Wash ing ton. re sources sem i nar, Mt. Baker– PUB LIC LANDS Korosec, M. A., 1983, Geo ther mal re source Snoqualmie Na tional For est, June 24, Farhar, B. C.; Heimiller, D. M., 2003, tar gets—Prog ress and pro pos als. 1982. Op por tu ni ties for near-term geo ther mal Korosec, M. A., 1984, Summary of Vice, D. H., 1980, Geo ther mal poten tial in de vel opment on public lands in the geo ther mal ex plo ra tion ac tiv ity in the Wash ing ton. western United States. State of Wash ing ton from 1978 to 1983. Vice, D. H., 2008, Geo ther mal ex plo ra tion in Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 2008, Korosec, M. A.; Phillips, W. M.; Schuster, the cen tral Wash ing ton Cas cades by Or e gon/Wash ing ton geo ther mal lease J. E.; and oth ers, 1983, The 1980–1982 Burlington North ern. sale. geo ther mal re source as sess ment Weaver, C. S., 1985, Combined re gional U.S. Bu reau of Land Manage ment; U.S. pro gram in Wash ing ton. seismotectonics and the ex tent of Forest Ser vice, 2008, Draft Korosec, M. A.; Schuster, J. E.; and oth ers, Ce no zoic vol ca nism—An im proved pro gram matic en vi ron men tal im pact 1980, The 1979–1980 geo ther mal first-or der geo ther mal as sess ment of the statement (PEIS) for geother mal leasing re source as sess ment pro gram in Cas cade Range. in the western United States. Wash ing ton. EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION – EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION – Lund, J. W.; Allen, E. M.; Higbee, C. V.; COLUMBIA BASIN SOUTHWEST WASHINGTON Lienau, P. J.; Phillips, Wayne; Shreve, Jim, 1980, Assess ment of geo ther mal Allen, Eliot, and As soci ates, Inc., [no date], Korosec, M. A.; Schuster, J. E., 1980, poten tial within the BPA market ing area, Geo ther mal end-use as sess ment guide Geo ther mal in ves ti ga tions in the Camas Contract No. DE-AC79-79BP15325, for com mu ni ties; Draft. area, Wash ing ton, 1979. July, 1980. Biggane, J. H., 1983, Geo physi cal logs from McEuen, R. B.; Rigby, F. A.; Bowen, R. G., Mar i ner, R. H.; Brook, C. A.; Reed, M. J.; water wells in the Yakima area, 1979, Geo ther mal re sources po ten tial of Bliss, J. D.; Rapport, A. L.; Lieb, R. J., Wash ing ton. the Lacamas fault region, Camas, 1983, Low-tem per a ture geo ther mal Derkey, P. D.; John son, B. R., 1995, Digi tal Wash ing ton, U.S.A. resources in the western United States. maps of low- to mod er ate-tem per a ture Rigby, F. A.; McEuen, R. B., 1980, McEuen, R. B.; Birkhahn, P. C.; Pinckney, geo ther mal springs and wells in the Re sis tiv ity study of Camas, C. J., 1975, Pre dic tive regionalization of Pa cific North west—A con tri bu tion to Wash ing ton—Fi nal re port. the In te rior Co lum bia River Ba sin geo ther mal po ten tial [ab stract]. Eco sys tem Management Project. EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION – Nehring, N. L.; Rob erts, E. D.; STATEWIDE Ertec West ern, Inc., 1981, Re vi sions to, Kaczanowski, G., 1979, Geother- As sess ment of vol ca nic and geo ther mal Barnett, D. B.; Korosec, M. A., 1986, mometry ap plied to hot springs in ac tivity in the Pasco Basin and vicin ity; Geo ther mal ex plor atory drill ing by the western United States [abstract]. Vol ume I—Nar ra tive report. State of Wash ing ton in 1985. Oil and Gas Jour nal, 1986, North west Fugro, Inc., 1980, Assess ment of vol ca nic Bloomquist, R. G., 1979, Geo ther mal en ergy geo ther mal hunt seen heat ing up. and geother mal activ ity in the Pasco in Wash ing ton. Pilkington, H. D., 1978, Ex plo ra tion for Ba sin and vi cin ity; Vol ume I—Nar ra tive Bloomquist, R. G.; Basescu, Neil; Higbee, geother mal energy in the Pacific report. C. V.; Justus, Debra; Simpson, Stew art, North west [ab stract]. Hoover, D. B.; Long, C. L.; Senterfit, R. M., 1980, Wash ing ton—A guide to Reed, M. J., ed i tor, 1983, As sessment of 1978, Some re sults from audiomagneto- geo ther mal en ergy de vel op ment. low-tem per a ture geo thermal re sources telluric in ves ti ga tions in geo ther mal Bloomquist, R. G.; Black, G. L.; Parker, of the United States—1982. areas. D. S.; Sifford, A.; Simpson, S. J.; Street, Reed, M. J.; Mar i ner, R. H.; Brook, C. A.; Moses, L. J., 1988, Min eral, hydro car bon, L. V., 1985, Eval ua tion and rank ing of Sorey, M. L., 1983, Se lected data for and geo ther mal re source po ten tial study geo ther mal re sources for elec tri cal low-tem per a ture (less than 90° C) plan. gen er a tion or elec tri cal off set in Idaho, geother mal systems in the United Montana, Or e gon, and Washington. Murphy, P. J.; Johnpeer, G. D., 1981, An States—Refer ence data for U.S. as sess ment of geo thermal re source Chandrasekharam, D.; Bundschuh, Jochen, Geo log i cal Sur vey Circular 892. po ten tial Pasco Ba sin and vi cin ity, 2008, Low-enthalpy geo ther mal Russell, R. H., 1973, Geo ther mal en ergy Wash ing ton. re sources for power gen er a tion. po ten tial of Wash ing ton State. Schuster, J. E., 1981, Geo ther mal en ergy Crosby, J. W., III, 1971, Geo ther mal Schuster, J. E., 1973, The search for hot poten tial of the Yakima valley area, ex plo ra tion. rocks—Geo ther mal ex plo ra tion, Wash ing ton. Crosson, R. S.; Mayers, I. R., 1973, Spec tral North west. Stoffel, K. L.; Widness, S. E., compil ers, vari abil ity in seis mic noise Schuster, J. E., 1974, Geo ther mal en ergy 1983, Geo physi cal logs of se lected wells mea sure ments and im pli ca tions for po ten tial of Wash ing ton. geo ther mal ex plo ra tion [abstract]. in east ern Wash ing ton. Schuster, J. E., 1976, Some de vel opments in GeothermEx, Inc., 1987, Con sider ations for min eral ex plo ra tion in Wash ing ton a pro gram to con firm a 100-MW dur ing 1975—Geo ther mal. geother mal resource in the Pacific North west; Draft. OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2 GEOPHYSICS – ELECTRICAL SURVEYS 21

Schuster, J. E., 1981, A pro posal to Widness, S. E., 1986, The low-temper a ture Wright, P. M., 1991, Geochem istry. Bonneville Power Ad min is tra tion for geother mal resource of the Moses Lake– Geologic hazards, see VOLCANISM – 1981–1983 Wash ing ton State Ritzville–Connell area, east-central GEOLOGIC HAZARDS geo thermal re source as sess ment Wash ing ton. GEOPHYS ICS – AERIAL INFRA RED program. Fumaroles, see VOLCANISM – SURVEYS Schuster, J. E.; Korosec, M. A., 1980, The FUMAROLES Wash ing ton State geo ther mal re sources U.S. Geo log i cal Sur vey, 1995, Ae rial GAMMA HOT SPRINGS as sess ment pro gram of the De part ment in fra red sur veys in the in ves ti ga tion of (SNOHOMISH CO.) of Nat u ral Re sources, Di vi sion of geo ther mal and vol ca nic heat sources. Ge ol ogy and Earth Resources. see also THERMAL AND MINERAL Geophysics —Aeromagnetic surveys, see Schuster, J. E.; Korosec, M. A., 1981, WATERS GEOPHYSICS – MAGNETIC Pre lim i nary re port on heat-flow drill ing Guffanti, Marianne, 1985, Pre vi ous SURVEYS es ti mates by the U.S. Geo log i cal Sur vey in Wash ing ton dur ing 1981. GEOPHYS ICS – DRILLING – of geother mal resources of the Cascade Sorey, M. L.; Reed, M. J.; Mari ner, R. H.; METH OD OL OGY Range. Nathenson, Manuel, 1982, As sessment Duffield, W. A.; Sass, J. H., 2003, Ta bor, R. W.; Crowder, D. F., 1969, On of low-tem per a ture geo ther mal Geo ther mal en ergy—Clean power from batholiths and vol ca noes—In tru sion and resources in the United States. the Earth’s heat. erup tion of Late Ce nozoic mag mas in Stan ley, W. D., 1984, Tec tonic study of Hodges, R. E., 1988, Cal i bra tion and Cascade Range and Co lumbia pla teau in the Glacier Peak area, North Cascades, Wash ing ton. stan dard iza tion of geo phys i cal well- Wash ing ton State based upon log ging equip ment for hydrologic magnetotelluric soundings. GARFIELD CO. ap pli ca tions. Swanberg, C. A., 1987, Geo ther mal see also COLUMBIA BASIN Hodges, R. E.; Teasdale, W. E., 1991, ex plo ra tion ac tiv ity and de vel op ments in Van Denburgh, A. S.; Santos, J. F., 1965, Con sid er ations re lated to drill ing the Northwest [abstract]. Ground water in Wash ing ton—Its methods in plan ning and per forming Ther mal Power Con fer ence, 1972, chem i cal and phys i cal qual ity. bore hole-geo phys i cal log ging for Pro ceed ings, Oc to ber 5–6, 1972. ground-wa ter studies. GEOCHEMISTRY U.S. Geo log i cal Sur vey, 1995, Ae rial Huntting, M. T., 1975, Geo ther mal re search in fra red sur veys in the in ves ti ga tion of see also drill ing in the Steam boat Moun tain– geo ther mal and vol ca nic heat sources. HYDROLOGY – CHEMICAL Lemei Rock area, Skamania County, Vice, D. H., 1976, Black Di a mond ANALYSIS Wash ing ton. geo ther mal pros pect, King Co., SOILS Keys, W. S.; MacCary, L. M., 1971, Wash ing ton. Fournier, R. O.; Truesdell, A. H., 1974, Ap pli ca tion of bore hole geo phys ics to Youngquist, Wal ter, 1976, Geo ther mal Geo chem i cal in di ca tors of subsurface wa ter re sources in ves ti ga tions. en ergy—North west sleep ing gi ant? tem per a ture—Part 2, Es ti ma tion of MIT-led in ter dis ci plin ary panel, 2006, The [ab stract]. temper a ture and fraction of hot wa ter fu ture of geo ther mal en ergy—Im pact of Fifes Peak Formation, see YAKIMA CO. mixed with cold water. en hanced geo thermal sys tems (EGS) on Fournier, R. O.; White, D. E.; Truesdell, the United States in the 21st century. FRANKLIN CO. A. H., 1974, Geo chem i cal in di ca tors of Olson, H. J., 1994, Geo ther mal res er voir see also subsurface tem per a ture—Part 1, Ba sic as sessment based on slim hole drill ing. COLUMBIA BASIN as sump tions. Paillet, F. L.; Morin, R. H.; Keys, W. S., PASCO BA SIN Frank, D. G., 1995, Surficial ex tent and 1986, Bore hole geo phys i cal ap pli ca tions Benson, L. V., 1978, Second ary miner als, con cep tual model of hy dro ther mal in the char ac ter iza tion of geo thermal ox i da tion po ten tials, pres sure and sys tem at Mount Rain ier, Wash ing ton. en ergy resources. tem per a ture gra di ents in the Pasco Ba sin Frank, D. G., 2000, Hy dro ther mal in di ca tors of Wash ing ton State. GEOPHYSICS – ELECTRICAL in streams and springs at Mount Rain ier SURVEYS Konicek, D. L., 1974, Geo physi cal sur vey in [ab stract]. south-cen tral Wash ing ton. Cantwell, Thomas; Nel son, P.; Webb, J.; Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1980, Orange, A. S., 1965, Deep re sistiv ity Russell, I. C., 1893, A geo log i cal Geo chem i cal fun da men tals for measure ments in the Pacific Northwest. reconnois sance [sic] in central geo ther mal ex plo ra tion and res er voir Wash ing ton. eval u a tion, pre sented No vem ber 5–7, Cantwell, Thomas; Orange, A. S., 1965, Fur ther deep re sis tiv ity mea sure ments in Taylor, G. C., Jr., 1944, Factual data 1980, Reno, Nevada. the Pacific Northwest. per tain ing to wells and springs in the Panichi, C.; La Ruffa, G., 2001, Sta ble Co lum bia Ba sin Pro ject area, iso tope geo chem is try of fumaroles—An Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1979, Wash ing ton. in sight into vol ca nic sur veil lance. Geo phys i cal ex plo ra tion meth ods for geo thermal re sources—Tech ni cal Van Denburgh, A. S.; Santos, J. F., 1965, Vice, D. H., 1978, Tieton geo ther mal Train ing Course no. 1, June 4–6, 1979, Ground water in Wash ing ton—Its pros pect. Pacific Grove, California. chem i cal and phys i cal qual ity. Walkey, Clifton, 1984, Geo chem istry and Gizienski, S. F.; McEuen, R. B.; Birkhahn, War ing, G. A., 1913, Ge ol ogy and wa ter struc tural set ting of a geo ther mal spring P. C., 1975, Re gional eval ua tion of the re sources of a por tion of south-cen tral lo cated north of the Wash ing ton–Or e gon geo thermal re source po ten tial in cen tral Wash ing ton. bor der prox i mate to the Snake River. Wash ing ton State. 22 GEOPHYSICS – ELECTROMAGNETIC SURVEYS OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2

Goldstein, N. E., 1984, Fracture de tec tion Daneš, Z. F., 1964, Grav ity survey of Mount Phillips, W. M., 1983, Prelim i nary and map ping for geo ther mal res er voir Rain ier, Wash ing ton [ab stract]. in ter pre ta tion of re gional grav ity def i ni tion—An as sess ment of cur rent Daneš, Z. F., 1969, Grav ity re sults in in for ma tion from the south ern Cas cade tech nol ogy, re search, and research west ern Wash ing ton. mountains of Washington. needs. Daneš, Z. F., 1979, Bouguer grav ity map, Phillips, W. M., 1983, Prog ress re port for Law rence Berke ley Lab o ra tory, 1978, Camas area, Wash ing ton and Or e gon. the re gional grav ity survey of the Pro ceed ings, Work shop on mod el ing of Cas cade moun tain range, Wash ing ton. Daneš, Z. F., 1980, Grav ity re sults, North elec tri cal and elec tro mag netic meth ods, Bonneville area, Wash ing ton. Stricklin, C. R., 1975, Geo physi cal sur vey May 17–19, 1978. of the Lemei Rock–Steam boat Moun tain Daneš, Z. F., 1980, Regional grav ity survey Rigby, F. A.; McEuen, R. B., 1980, area, Wash ing ton. of the south ern Cas cades, Wash ing ton. Re sis tiv ity study of Camas, GEOPHYSICS – HEAT FLOW AND Wash ing ton—Fi nal re port. Daneš, Z. F., 1981, Pre limi nary Bouguer grav ity map, south ern Cas cade THERMAL SURVEYS [STATEWIDE Stan ley, W. D., 1983, Re gional and local moun tains area, Wash ing ton. AND GENERAL WORKS] geoelectrical structures in the Cascades Blackwell, D. D., 1967, Heat flow and their role in geo ther mal and vol cano Daneš, Z. F.; Phillips, W. M., 1983, de ter mi na tions and crustal struc ture in haz ard as sess ment [ab stract]. Complete Bouguer grav ity anomaly map, Cas cade moun tains, Wash ing ton. the north west ern United States Stan ley, W. D., 1984, Tec tonic study of [ab stract]. Cascade Range and Co lumbia pla teau in Finn, C. A., 1985, Grav ity and mag netic Blackwell, D. D., 1967, Terres trial heat flow Wash ing ton State based upon studies in the Cascade Range. de ter mi na tions in the north west ern magnetotelluric soundings. Finn, C. A.; Williams, D. L., 1983, Gravity United States. studies in the Cascade Range. GEOPHYSICS – ELECTROMAGNETIC Blackwell, D. D., 1969, Heat-flow Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1979, SURVEYS de ter mi na tions in the north west ern Geo phys i cal ex plo ra tion meth ods for Fra ser, D. C., 1983, Air borne United States. geo ther mal re sources—Tech ni cal elec tro mag netic sur veys of the Cas cade Train ing Course no. 1, June 4–6, 1979, Blackwell, D. D., 1971, Heat flow. Range, western United States; with a Pacific Grove, California. Blackwell, D. D., 1971, Low heat flow in pref ace by D. B. Hoo ver. Gizienski, S. F.; McEuen, R. B.; Birkhahn, west ern Wash ing ton and the me chan ics Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1979, P. C., 1975, Re gional eval ua tion of the of subduction [ab stract]. Geo phys i cal ex plo ra tion meth ods for geo ther mal re source po ten tial in cen tral Blackwell, D. D., 1971, The ther mal geo thermal re sources—Tech ni cal Wash ing ton State. structure of the conti nen tal crust [with Train ing Course no. 1, June 4–6, 1979, dis cus sion]. Pacific Grove, California. Goldstein, N. E., 1984, Fracture de tec tion and map ping for geo ther mal res er voir Blackwell, D. D., 1974, Terres trial heat flow Goldstein, N. E., 1984, Fracture de tec tion def i ni tion—An as sess ment of cur rent and its im pli ca tions on the lo ca tion of and map ping for geo ther mal res er voir tech nol ogy, re search, and research geo ther mal res er voirs in Wash ing ton. def i ni tion—An as sess ment of cur rent needs. tech nol ogy, re search, and research Blackwell, D. D., 1978, Heat flow and needs. Hammond, P. E.; Pedersen, S. A.; Hopkins, en ergy loss in the west ern United States. K. D.; Aiken, Dan; Harle, D. S.; Daneš, Hoover, D. B.; Long, C. L.; Senterfit, R. M., Blackwell, D. D., 1980, Heat flow and Z. F.; Konicek, D. L.; Stricklin, C. R., 1978, Some re sults from audiomagneto- geo ther mal gra di ent mea sure ments in 1976, Ge ol ogy and gravimetry of the telluric in ves ti ga tions in geo ther mal Wash ing ton through 1979. Qua ter nary ba saltic vol ca nic field, areas. Blackwell, D. D., 1980, Heat flow and south ern Cas cade Range, Wash ing ton. Law rence Berke ley Lab o ra tory, 1978, geo ther mal gra di ent mea sure ments in Heiken, Grant; Goff, F. E.; Cremer, Glenda, Pro ceed ings, Work shop on mod el ing of Wash ing ton to 1979, and tem per a ture- ed i tors, 1982, Hot dry rock geo ther mal elec tri cal and elec tro mag netic meth ods, depth data col lected dur ing 1979. re source 1980. May 17–19, 1978. Blackwell, D. D.; Bowen, R. G.; Schuster, Konicek, D. L., 1974, Geo physi cal sur vey in Vice, D. H., 1978, Data from the U.S. J. E., 1973, Heat flow and Ce nozoic south-cen tral Wash ing ton. Geo log i cal Sur vey—Ther mal IR tec tonic his tory of the north west ern im ag ery of the Rain ier cor ri dor in Korosec, M. A.; Phillips, W. M.; Schuster, United States [ab stract]. Wash ing ton, [Letter to C. W. Jordan]. J. E.; and oth ers, 1983, The 1980–1982 Blackwell, D. D.; Steele, J. L.; Carter, L. S., geo ther mal re source as sess ment pro gram 1991, Heat-flow pat terns of the North GEOPHYSICS – GRAVITY SURVEYS in Wash ing ton. Amer i can con ti nent—A dis cus sion of Bonini, W. E., 1965, Grav ity surveys in the Korosec, M. A.; Schuster, J. E., 1980, Pre- the Geother mal Map of North America. north west ern United States. erup tion geo ther mal as sess ment Blackwell, D. D.; Steele, J. L.; Kelley, S. A., Bonini, W. E.; Hughes, D. W.; Daneš, Z. F., ac tivi ties at Mount St. Helens, 1985, Heat flow and geo ther mal studies com pil ers, 1974, Com plete Bouguer Wash ing ton [ab stract]. in the State of Wash ing ton. grav ity anomaly map of Wash ing ton. Korosec, M. A.; Schuster, J. E.; and oth ers, Blackwell, D. D.; Steele, J. L.; Kelley, S. A., Braile, L. W., 1970, The isostatic condi tion 1980, The 1979–1980 geo ther mal 1990, Heat flow in the State of and crustal structure of Mount Saint re source as sess ment pro gram in Wash ing ton and ther mal con di tions in Helens as deter mined from gravity data. Wash ing ton. the Cascade Range. Ciancanelli, E. V., 1987, Ge ol ogy and Malone, S. D., 1979, Grav ity changes Frank, D. G., 1995, Surficial ex tent and geo ther mal re source po ten tial of Mt. ac com pa ny ing in creased heat emis sion con cep tual model of hy dro ther mal Ad ams vol cano, Wash ing ton. at Mount Baker, Wash ing ton. sys tem at Mount Rain ier, Wash ing ton. OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2 GEOPHYSICS – HEAT FLOW AND THERMAL SURVEYS – CASCADE RANGE 23

Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1979, GEOPHYSICS – HEAT FLOW AND Fried man, J. D., 1972, Ae rial ther mal Geo phys i cal ex plo ra tion meth ods for THERMAL SURVEYS – CASCADE surveil lance of volca noes of the Cas cade geo thermal re sources—Tech ni cal RANGE Range, Wash ing ton, Or e gon, and Train ing Course no. 1, June 4–6, 1979, Blackwell, D. D., 1981, Heat flow in the north ern Cal i for nia [abstract]. Pacific Grove, California. Cascade Range of Ore gon and Fried man, J. D., 1974, Ther mal surveil lance Guffanti, Marianne; Nathenson, Manuel, Wash ing ton, U.S.A. [ab stract]. of Cascade Range volca noes [abstract]. 1980, Pre lim i nary map of tem per a ture Blackwell, D. D., 1982, Heat flow and Fried man, J. D., 1982, Ther mal en ergy at gra di ents in the con ter mi nous United geo ther mal po ten tial of the Cas cade Mount St. Hel ens [ab stract]. States. Range [abstract]. Fried man, J. D.; Frank, D. G., 1974, Ther mal Heiken, Grant; Goff, F. E.; Cremer, Glenda, Blackwell, D. D.; Priest, G. R., 1996, ac tiv ity at Mount Baker volcano, ed i tors, 1982, Hot dry rock geo ther mal Comment on “Rates and pat terns of Wash ing ton [ab stract]. re source 1980. ground wa ter flow in the Cas cade Range Fried man, J. D.; Frank, D. G., 1977, Ther mal Huntting, M. T., 1975, Geo ther mal re search volca nic arc and the effect on subsurface sur veil lance of ac tive vol ca noes us ing drill ing in the Steam boat Moun tain– temper a tures” by S. E. Ingebritsen, the LANDSAT-1 data collec tion system; Lemei Rock area, Skamania County, D. R. Sherrod, and R. H. Mariner. Part III, Heat discharge from Mount St. Wash ing ton. Blackwell, D. D.; Steele, J. L., 1983, A Hel ens, Washington. Huntting, M. T., 1979, Geo ther mal gra di ent summary of heat-flow stud ies in the Fried man, J. D.; Frank, D. G., 1980, In fra red mea sure ments and drill ing op er a tions in Cas cade Range. surveys, ra di ant flux, and to tal heat the Cowlitz River Val ley, Mount St. Blackwell, D. D.; Steele, J. L., 1985, Heat discharge at Mount Baker vol cano, Helens, and Camas areas, Washing ton. flow of the Cas cade Range. Wash ing ton, be tween 1970 and 1975. Korosec, M. A.; Schuster, J. E.; and oth ers, Blackwell, D. D.; Steele, J. L.; Priest, G. R.; Fried man, J. D.; Frank, D. G., 1981, Ae rial 1980, The 1979–1980 geo ther mal Black, G. L.; Schuster, J. E.; Korosec, in fra red map ping of ther mal ac tiv ity at re source as sess ment pro gram in M. A., 1982, Heat flow. grav ity and Cas cade Range vol ca noes [ab stract]. Wash ing ton. magmatism in the Cascade Range of the Friedman, J. D.; Frank, D. G.; Kieffer, H. H.; MIT-led in ter dis ci plin ary panel, 2006, The Pa cific North west [ab stract]. Sawatzky, D. L., 1981, Ther mal in fra red fu ture of geo ther mal en ergy—Im pact of Blackwell, D. D.; Steele, J. L.; Schuster, surveys of the May 18 crater, sub se quent en hanced geo thermal sys tems (EGS) on J. E.; Korosec, M. A., 1980, The lava domes, and as so ci ated vol ca nic the United States in the 21st century. regional thermal setting of the Mt. St. deposits. Morgan, Paul; Gosnold, W. D., 1989, Heat Hel ens vol cano [ab stract]. Fried man, J. D.; Olhoeft, G. R.; John son, flow and ther mal re gimes in the Dethier, D. P.; Frank, D. G.; Pevear, D. R., G. R.; Frank, D. G., 1984, Ther mal con ti nen tal United States. 1981, Pre lim i nary chem i cal anal y sis of energy yield of Mt. St. Helens [abstract]. Nathenson, Manuel; Guffanti, Marianne, thermal waters at Mount St. Helens, Fried man, J. D.; Realmuto, V. J.; Frank, 1988, Geo ther mal gra di ents in the Wash ing ton [ab stract]. D. G., 1991, Comparison of ther mal con ter mi nous United States. Frank, D. G., 1985, Hydro ther mal pro cesses fea tures of Cordilleran vol ca noes using Nathenson, Manuel; Guffanti, Marianne; at Mount Rain ier, Wash ing ton. air borne sens ing systems, with spe cial Sass, J. H.; Munroe, R. J., 1983, Frank, D. G.; Krimmel, R. M., 1978, Mount refer ence to Mount St. Helens, WA Re gional heat flow and tem per a ture Baker ther mal ac tiv ity con tin ues— [abstract]. gra di ents. Vi sual ob ser va tions, April 1976 to Ginsberg, I. W., 1982, Ther mal in fra red Rybach, Ladislaus, 2007, Geo ther mal August 1977 [ab stract]. imag ery of the Cascade Range sustainability: Geo-Heat Center Bulle tin. Frank, D. G.; Meier, M. F.; Swanson, D. A.; volcanics. Sass, J. H.; Lachenbruch, A. H.; Greene, and oth ers, 1977, As sessment of Grose, L. T., 1975, Geo ther mal en ergy— G. W.; Moses, T. H., Jr.; Munroe, R. J., in creased ther mal ac tiv ity at Mount Ge ol ogy, ex plo ra tion, and 1968, Prog ress re port on heat-flow Baker, Wash ing ton, March 1975–March de vel op ments; Part 1. measure ments in the western United 1976. Hammond, P. E.; Korosec, M. A., 1983, States [abstract]. Frank, D. G.; Post, A. S., 1976, Progress re port on the time-space- Sass, J. H.; Lachenbruch, A. H.; Munroe, Doc u men ta tion of ther mal changes by com po si tion model for the Qua ter nary R. J.; Greene, G. W.; Moses, T. H., Jr., photo graphs of snow and ice features at volcanics of the south Cas cades, 1971, Heat flow in the west ern United Mount Baker, Wash ing ton [ab stract]. Wash ing ton. States. Frank, D. G.; Post, A. S., 1976, Hawley, D. L.; Brewster, S. B., Jr., 1982, A Thomson, R. E.; Da vis, E. E.; Burd, B. J., Hy dro ther mal ac tiv ity at Mount Baker, ther mal in fra red sur vey of se lected sites 1995, Hydro ther mal venting and Wash ing ton [ab stract]. in the Cas cade moun tain range of geo ther mal heat ing in Cascadia Basin. Frank, D. G.; Post, A. S.; Friedman, J. D., Cal i for nia, Or e gon and Wash ing ton, Van Orstrand, C. E., 1935, Nor mal 1975, Re cur rent geothermally in duced surveyed July 1981. geo ther mal gra di ent in the United States. de bris av a lanches on Boul der Gla cier, Hildreth, Wes; Fierstein, Judy, 1985, Mount Vice, D. H., 1978, Tieton geo ther mal Mount Baker, Wash ing ton. Ad ams—Erup tive his tory of an an de site- prospect. Fournier, R. O., 1989, Max i mum depths of dacite stratovolcano at the fo cus of a earthquakes as an aid in evalu at ing fun da men tally ba saltic vol ca nic field. con vec tive and con duc tive heat fluxes from the Cascade province and adja cent regions. 24 GEOPHYSICS – HEAT FLOW AND THERMAL SURVEYS – COLUMBIA BASIN OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2

Hildreth, Wes; Fierstein, Judy, 1990, Nitsan, U., 1976, The effect of increased Fugro, Inc., 1980, Assess ment of vol ca nic Geo logic map and geo ther mal geo ther mal heat flux on the flow of Mt. and geother mal activ ity in the Pasco as sessment of the Mount Ad ams Baker glaciers [abstract]. Ba sin and vi cin ity; Vol ume I—Nar ra tive volca nic field. Cascade Range of Priest, G. R., 1985, Conti nen tal sci en tific report. south ern Wash ing ton. drilling—The Cascades as a target. Murphy. P. J.; Johnpeer. G. D., 1981, An Hurwitz, Shaul; Kipp, K. L.; Ingebritsen, Priest, G. R., 1987, Geo ther mal re source as sess ment of geo thermal re source S. E.; Reid, M. E., 2003, Ground wa ter po ten tial of Cas cade vol ca nic arc po ten tial Pasco Ba sin and vi cin ity, flow, heat trans port, and wa ter ta ble [ab stract]. Wash ing ton. po si tion within vol ca nic ed i fices— Priest, G. R., 1987, In ves ti ga tion of the Smith, R. N., 1980, Heat flow of the west ern Im pli ca tions for vol ca nic pro cesses in ther mal re gime and geo logic his tory of Snake River plain. the Cascade Range. the Cascade volca nic arc—First phase of Steele, J. L., 1975, A heat flow study in the Kieffer, H. H.; Frank, D. G., 1980, Thermal a program for scien tific drilling in the Tur tle Lake quad ran gle, Wash ing ton. in fra red ob ser va tions of Mt. St. Hel ens, Cas cade Range. Stoffel, K. L.; Korosec, M. A., 1984, Low March–May 1980 [ab stract]. Priest, G. R.; Blackwell, D. D., 1984, tem per a ture geo thermal re sources of the Kieffer, H. H.; Frank, D. G.; Friedman, J. D., Un der stand ing ther mal en ergy and Co lum bia Ba sin, east ern Wash ing ton. 1980, Ther mal in fra red ob ser va tions of dynamic pro cesses in subduction-re lated Walkey, Clifton, 1984, Geo chem istry and Mt. St. Helens [abstract]. vol ca nic arcs. struc tural set ting of a geo ther mal spring Kieffer, H. H.; Frank, D. G.; Friedman, J. D.; Rosenfeld, C. L., 1976, Oper a tional ae rial lo cated north of the Wash ing ton–Or e gon Sawatzky, D. L., 1984, Aerial infra red surveil lance of the Sherman Crater area, bor der prox i mate to the Snake River. surveys at Mount St. Hel ens, Mt. Baker, Wash ing ton [ab stract]. Wash ing ton [ab stract]. GEOPHYSICS – MAGNETIC SURVEYS Ryan, M. P.; Banks. N. G.; Hoblitt, R. P.; Booker, J. R., 1981, Geo magnetic sound ing Kieffer, H. H.; Fried man, J. D.; Frank, D. G., Blevins, J. Y. K., 1990, The in-situ in the Cas cade Range of Wash ing ton 1984, Thermal-infrared sur veys, ther mal trans port prop er ties and the State as a geo thermal ex plo ra tion Cas cades vol ca noes [ab stract]. ther mal struc ture of Mount St. Hel ens tech nique [ab stract]. Korosec, M. A.; Schuster, J. E., 1980, Pre- erup tive units. Finn, C. A., 1985, Grav ity and mag netic erup tion geo ther mal as sess ment St. Lawrence, William; Qamar, Anthony; studies in the Cascade Range. ac tivi ties at Mount St. Helens, Moore, John nie; Kendrick, George, Wash ing ton [ab stract]. 1980, A compar i son of ther mal Fugro, Inc., 1980, Assess ment of vol ca nic Lange, I. M.; Avent, J. C., 1973, Ground- obser va tions of Mount St. Hel ens be fore and geother mal activ ity in the Pasco based thermal infra red surveys as an aid and dur ing the first week of the ini tial Ba sin and vi cin ity; Vol ume I—Nar ra tive in pre dict ing vol ca nic erup tions in the 1980 eruption. report. Cas cade Range. Schuster, J. E.; Blackwell, D. D.; Hammond, Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1979, Lange, I. M.; Avent, J. C., 1975, Ground- P. E.; Huntting, M. T., 1978, Heat flow Geo phys i cal ex plo ra tion meth ods for based ther mal in fra red sur veys of Mount studies in the Steam boat Moun tain– geo ther mal re sources—Tech ni cal Rain ier vol cano, Wash ing ton. Lemei Rock area, Skamania County, Train ing Course no. 1, June 4–6, 1979, Pacific Grove, California. MacLeod, N. S.; Swanson, D. A., 1985, Wash ing ton. Vol ca nism in the Cas cade Range. Shafer, D. S., 1980, Eval ua tion and Gizienski, S. F.; McEuen, R. B.; Birkhahn, P. C., 1975, Re gional eval ua tion of the Malone, S. D., 1976, De for mation of Mount im pli ca tions of the ther mal ac tiv ity of geo ther mal re source po ten tial in cen tral. Baker vol cano by hy dro ther mal heat ing Mt. Baker, Wash ing ton from ae rial Wash ing ton State. [ab stract]. pho to graphs and in fra red images. Goldstein, N. E., 1984, Fracture de tec tion Malone, S. D., 1979, Grav ity changes Smith, R. L.; Shaw, H. R., 1975, Ig ne ous- and map ping for geo ther mal res er voir ac com pa ny ing in creased heat emis sion re lated geo thermal sys tems. def i ni tion—An as sess ment of cur rent at Mount Baker, Wash ing ton. Vice, D. H., 1976, Black Di a mond tech nol ogy, re search, and research geo ther mal pros pect, King Co., Malone, S. D.; Frank, D. G., 1975, In creased needs. heat emis sion from Mount Baker, Wash ing ton. Heiken, Grant; Goff, F. E.; Cremer, Glenda, Wash ing ton. Vice, D. H.; Gold, D. P., 1990, Some ed i tors, 1982, Hot dry rock geo ther mal changes in the ther mal and hydrologic Moxham, R. M., 1970, Ther mal fea tures at re source 1980. vol ca noes in the Cas cade Range, as regime in the area around Mt. St. Helens McEuen, R. B.; Rigby, F. A.; Bowen. R. G., ob served by ae rial in fra red sur veys. from 1977 to 1981 [ab stract]. 1979, Geo ther mal re sources po ten tial of Moxham, R. M.; Boynton, G. R.; Cote, GEOPHYSICS – HEAT FLOW AND the Lacamas fault region, Camas, C. E., 1973, Sat el lite te lem e try of THERMAL SURVEYS – COLUMBIA Wash ing ton, U.S.A. fumarole tem per a tures, Mount Rain ier, BASIN Stan ley, W. D., 1982, A re gional Wash ing ton. Benson, L. V., 1978, Second ary miner als, magnetotelluric sur vey of the Cas cade Moxham, R. M.; Crandell, D. R.; Marlatt, ox i da tion po ten tials, pres sure and Range re gion, north west ern United W. E., 1965, Ther mal fea tures at Mount tem per a ture gra di ents in the Pasco Ba sin States. Rain ier, Wash ing ton, as re vealed by of Wash ing ton State. Stan ley, W. D., 1983, Re gional and local in fra red sur veys. Daneš, Z. F., 1981, Geo physi cal stud ies on geoelectrical structures in the Cascades Muffler, L. J. P., 1987, Geo ther mal studies of Co lum bia River ba salt prov ince. and their role in geo ther mal and vol cano the U.S. Geo log i cal Sur vey in the haz ard as sess ment [ab stract]. Cas cade Range. OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2 GEOTHERMAL ENGINEERING [GENERAL WORKS] 25

Stan ley, W. D., 1984, Tec tonic study of GEOTHERMAL ENGINEERING Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1979, Cascade Range and Co lumbia pla teau in [GENERAL WORKS] Ex pand ing the geo ther mal fron tier. Wash ing ton State based upon see also Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1980, magnetotelluric soundings. AGRIBUSINESS Geo ther mal—En ergy for the eight ies. Swanson, D. A.; Wright, T. L.; Zietz, AQUACULTURE Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1981, Isidore, 1979, Aero magnet ic map and ELEC TRIC POWER Geo ther mal en ergy—The in ter na tional geo logic in ter pre ta tions of the west- EQUIP MENT AND MA TE RI ALS suc cess story. cen tral Co lum bia pla teau, Wash ing ton HEAT ING Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1982, and ad ja cent Oregon. IN DUS TRIAL AND PRO CESS Geo ther mal en ergy—Turn on the U.S. Geo log i cal Sur vey, 1977, AP PLI CA TIONS power!. Aero magnet ic map of part of north ern Allen, Eliot, and As soci ates, Inc., [no date], Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1983, Wash ing ton. Geo ther mal end-use as sess ment guide Geo ther mal re sources—En ergy on tap! U.S. Geo log i cal Sur vey, 1981, for com mu ni ties; Draft. Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1984, Aero magnet ic map of the In dian Heaven Allen, Eliot, and As soci ates, Inc., 1981, Geo ther mal en ergy—Bet on it! area, Wash ing ton. In ven tory of Wash ing ton in dus tries with Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1985, 1985 U.S. Geo log i cal Sur vey, 1981, geo ther mal di rect-use potential. in ter na tional sym po sium on geo ther mal Aero magnet ic map of the Mt. Ad ams Barbier, Enrico, ed i tor, 1978, Pro ceed ings of energy. area, Wash ing ton. the ENEL-ERDA workshop on Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1986, U.S. Geo log i cal Sur vey, 1981, geo thermal re source as sess ment and Geo ther mal en ergy—A mile stone year. Aeromag net ic map of the Mt. Marga ret res er voir en gi neer ing, held at Larderello, area, Wash ing ton. It aly, 12–16 Sep tem ber 1977. Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1987, Build ing for the fu ture. U.S. Geo log i cal Sur vey, 1981, Bloomquist, R. G.; Basescu, Neil; Higbee, Aeromag net ic map of the Mt. St. Helens C. V.; Justus, Debra; Simpson, Stew art, Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1988, New area, Wash ing ton. 1980, Wash ing ton—A guide to ho ri zons. Geophysics – Magnetotelluric surveys, geo ther mal en ergy de vel op ment. Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1989, The see GEOPHYSICS – Brown and Caldwell, 1981, Geo ther mal Gey sers—Three de cades of ELECTROMAGNETIC SURVEYS direct use feasi bil ity study for City of achievement—A window on the fu ture. Othello, Wash ing ton. Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1990, 1990 GEO PHYS ICS – SEIS MIC SUR VEYS Build ing Op er at ing Man age ment, 1997, in ter na tional sym po sium on geo ther mal Crosson, R. S.; Mayers, I. R., 1972, Re port Mining Manhattan for cool air. energy. on geo ther mal ground noise Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1991, mea sure ments in Wash ing ton State. Culver, Gene, 1989, Direct use in jec tion wells. Trans ac tions. Crosson, R. S.; Mayers, I. R., 1973, Spec tral Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1992, 20th vari abil ity in seis mic noise Culver, Gene, 1991, Direct use res er voir an ni ver sary. mea sure ments and im pli ca tions for models—How we think they work. geo ther mal ex plo ra tion [abstract]. Davidson, Ma rie, 1976, Geo ther mal en ergy Grant, M. A.; Donaldson, I. G.; Bixley, P. F., 1982, Geo ther mal res er voir en gi neer ing. Dehlinger, Peter; Chiburis, E. F.; Collver, in the Pacific Northwest. M. M., 1965, Lo cal travel-time curves Dickson, M. H.; Fanelli, Mario, edi tors, Lienau, P. J.; Lund, J. W., 1974, and their geologic im pli ca tions for the Geo ther mal en ergy—Uti li za tion and Mul ti pur pose use of geo ther mal en ergy; Pa cific North west states. tech nol ogy. Pro ceed ings of the in ter na tional con fer ence on geo ther mal en ergy for Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1979, Duffield, W. A.; Sass, J. H., 2003, in dus trial, ag ri cul tural and com mer cial- Geo phys i cal ex plo ra tion meth ods for Geo ther mal en ergy—Clean power from res i den tial uses. geo thermal re sources—Tech ni cal the Earth’s heat. Lippmann, M. J., edi tor, 1988, Pro ceed ings Train ing Course no. 1, June 4–6, 1979, EG&G Idaho, Inc., 1980, Rules of thumb for of the techni cal review on advances in Pacific Grove, California. geo thermal di rect ap pli ca tions— geo ther mal res er voir tech nol ogy— Heiken, Grant; Goff, F. E.; Cremer, Glenda, Re source rules, indus trial uses, space Re search in progress. ed i tors, 1982, Hot dry rock geo ther mal heat ing, eco nom ics, con ver sion factors. Lund, J. W., 1998, Geo ther mal di rect use re source 1980. Farhar, B. C.; Heimiller, D. M., 2003, en gi neer ing and de sign guide book; Iyer, H. M., 1985, Char ac ter istics of Op por tu ni ties for near-term geo ther mal 3rd ed. Cas cades mag matic sys tems de ter mined de vel op ment on public lands in the from teleseismic-re sid ual studies. western United States. Lund, J. W.; Boyd, Tonya, 1999, Small geo ther mal power pro ject ex am ples. Johnson, S. H.; Couch, R. W., 1970, Crustal Geo-Heat Cen ter, 2004, Geo ther mal di rect- struc ture in the north Cas cade moun tains use case studies II. Lund, J. W.; Lienau, P. J.; Culver, Gene, 1991, The current sta tus of geo ther mal of Wash ing ton and Brit ish Co lum bia Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1977, di rect use de vel opment in the United from seis mic re frac tion mea sure ments. Geother mal—State of the art. States up date—1985–1990. Geo ther mal en ergy – Laws and Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1978, Di rect Lyons, Kim, 2003, Wash ing ton—A reg u la tions, see LAW AND uti li za tion of geo ther mal en ergy—A reg u la tory guide to geo ther mal di rect LEG IS LA TION – LEASES AND sym po sium. PERMITS use de vel op ment. Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1978, Geo ther mal en ergy—A nov elty be comes re source. 26 GEOTHERMAL ENGINEERING – COMPUTER PROGRAMS OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2

MIT-led in ter dis ci plin ary panel, 2006, The Simpson, S. J.; Bloomquist, R. G., ed i tors, Jhaveri, A. G.; Miller, J. A., 1981, fu ture of geo ther mal en ergy—Im pact of 1987, Dis trict heat ing de vel op ment Geothermal resources in the Yakima en hanced geo thermal sys tems (EGS) on guide HEATPLAN 3.0 user manual; A area—Potential low temperature the United States in the 21st century. computer ap proach to dis trict heat ing utilization. Morck, O. C.; Pedersen, Thomas, ed i tors, favorability anal ysis, volume 2. JM Energy Consultants, Inc., 1978, 1989, IEA district heat ing—Advanced Wash ing ton State En ergy Of fice, 1987?, Financing geothermal resource dis trict heat ing pro duc tion tech nol o gies. District heat ing and cool ing. development in the Pacific region states. Piatti, Alberto; Piemonte, Carlo; Szego, GEOTHERMAL ENGINEERING – Long, Gregg; McClain, David, 1983, Edoardo, 1992, Plan ning of geo ther mal ECONOMIC ASPECTS Economic constraints to the dis trict heat ing sys tems. development of geothermal power in the Allen, Eliot, and As soci ates, Inc., 1981, Cascades. Raffer ty, Kevin, 2001, Well pumps and In sti tu tional & fi nan cial guide to pip ing. geo ther mal dis trict heating. MIT-led interdisciplinary panel, 2006, The future of geothermal energy—Impact of Raffer ty, Kevin, 2004, Direct-use Allen, Eliot, and As soci ates, Inc., 1982, enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) on tem per a ture re quire ment—A few rules Guide to fi nanc ing small-scale the United States in the 21st century of thumb. geo ther mal en ergy pro jects. U.S. Department of Energy, 1992, Re frig er a tion Ser vice & Con tract ing, 1997, Blair, P. D.; Cassel, T. A. V.; Edelstein, Geothermal energy and the utility Ground-cou pled heat pumps sparkle in R. H., 1982, Geother mal en ergy— market—The opportunities and world’s larg est res i den tial in stal la tion. In vest ment de ci sions and com mer cial challenges for expanding geothermal Scherer, C. R.; Golabi, Kamal, 1978, de vel op ment. energy in a competitive supply market; Geo ther mal res er voir man age ment. Bloomquist, R. G., 1986, A re view and Proceedings, Geothermal program U.S. De part ment of En ergy, 1993, anal ysis of the ad e quacy of the U.S. review X, March 24–26, 1992, San Geo ther mal en ergy—The le gal, in sti tu tional and fi nan cial Francisco, CA. en vi ron men tally re spon si ble en ergy frame work for geo ther mal development. Watzlaf, G. R.; Ackman, T. E., 2007, tech nol ogy for the Nine ties; Pro ject Bloomquist, R. G., 2005, Geo ther mal Flooded underground coal mine–A sum ma ries, Geo ther mal Program en ergy—State pol icy op tions. significant source of inexpensive Review XI. Bloomquist, R. G.; Wonstolen, K. A., geothermal energy. U.S. De part ment of En ergy, 1995, ed i tors, 1980, Pro ceed ings of the GEOTHERMAL ENGINEERING – Geo ther mal prog ress mon i tor—Re port geo ther mal sym po sium—Po ten tial, le gal ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS no. 17. is sues, eco nom ics, financing. Allen, Eliot, and Associates, Inc., 1985, Vimmerstedt, Laura, 1999, Op por tu ni ties for DiPippo, Ron ald, 1999, Small geo ther mal Environmental assessment of small geo ther mal power pro jects. power plants—De sign, per for mance and geothermal district heating and cooling. Wahl, E. F., 1977, Geo ther mal en ergy eco nom ics. Phase 1 in North Bonneville, uti li za tion. En ergy De sign Update, 1997, Ground- Washington. Warfel, M. R., 1995, Ap pli ca tion of cou pled heat pumps sparkle in world’s Anderson, D. N.; Bowen, R. G., 1974, ground wa ter-source heat pumps for larg est res i den tial in stal la tion. Proceedings—Workshop on heat ing and cool ing in Wash ing ton State En ergy De sign Update, 1998, New drill ing environmental aspects of geothermal [ab stract]. In Wash ing ton De part ment of method may chop 25% off geo ther mal resources development. Ecol ogy, Abstracts from the 1st loop costs. sym posium on the hydrogeology of Culver, Gene, 1991, Vertical pump turbine Fournier, R. O., chair per son, 1976, Sec ond Wash ing ton State. oil environmental evaluation. United Na tions sympo sium on the DiPippo, Ronald, 2008, Geothermal power Wohletz, Kenneth; Heiken, Grant, 1992, de vel op ment and use of geo ther mal plants—Principles, applications, case Vol ca nol ogy and geo ther mal en ergy. re sources; Pro ceed ings. studies and environmental impact; GEOTHERMAL ENGINEERING – Gagliano, Troy, 2003, Geo ther mal en ergy— 2nd ed. COMPUTER PROGRAMS A primer on state poli cies and Hartley, R. P., 1978, Pollution control tech nol ogy. Allen, Eliot, and As soci ates, Inc., 1983, guidance for geothermal energy HEATPLAN user manual—HEATPLAN Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1975, development. ver sion 1.0. Fi nan cial as pects of geo ther mal re source Hinman, G. W.; Robertson, Jeremy, 1979, de vel op ment—Spe cial Short Course no. Bloomster, C. H., 1975, Eco nomic anal ysis Comparison of geothermal energy with 3, 23–24 Oc to ber 1975, San Fran cisco, of geo ther mal en ergy costs. coal, oil, and natural gas for selected California. Davis, A. E.; Enderlin, W. I.; Blahnik, D. E.; uses; Final report. Higbee, C. V., 1978, Di rect use geo ther mal Ja cob son, J. J.; Weakley, S. A., 1980, Lund, J. W., 2007, Characteristics, en ergy—What price? As sess ment of geo thermal en ergy as a development and utilization of power source for U.S. alumi num Higbee, C. V., 1982, Life-cycle cost anal y sis geothermal resources. re duc tion plants. of di rect-use geo thermal sys tems—An MIT-led interdisciplinary panel, 2006, The in tro duc tion. Raffer ty, Kevin, 1992, HEATOOLS. future of geothermal energy—Impact of Simpson, S. J.; Allen, E. M., 1985, Huntting, M. T., 1979, Geothermal gradient enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) on Geo ther mal dis trict heat ing favorability measurements and drilling operations in the United States in the 21st century. studies in seven Wash ing ton cit ies. the Cowlitz River Valley, Mount St. Helens, and Camas areas, Washington. OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2 GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES – COMPUTER PROGRAMS 27

GEOTHERMAL ENGINEERING – Chen, Allan, 1983, Geothermal powerhouse. Schuster, J. E., 1975, Geothermal activities HANDBOOKS, MANUALS, ETC. Cremer, G. M., 1981, Pacific Northwest in Washington. Allen, Eliot, and Associates, Inc., [no date], region. Schuster, J. E.; Bloomquist, R. G., 1994, Geothermal end-use assessment guide Davidson, Marie, 1976, Geothermal energy Low-temperature geothermal resources for communities; Draft. in the Pacific Northwest. of Washington. Anderson, D. N.; Lund, J. W., editors, 1979, Dickson, M. H.; Fanelli, Mario, editors, Schuster, J. E.; Bloomquist, R. G., 1995, Direct utilization of geothermal Geothermal energy—Utilization and Low-temperature geothermal resources energy—A layman’s guide. technology. of Washington [abstract]. Anderson, D. N.; Lund, J. W., editors, 1979, Duffield, W. A.; Sass, J. H., 2003, Schuster, J. E.; Korosec, M. A., 1980, Direct utilization of geothermal Geothermal energy—Clean power from Geothermal resource assessment in energy—A technical handbook. the Earth’s heat. Washington. Beer, Christine; Hederman, W. F., Jr.; Edwards, L. M.; Chilingar, G. V.; Rieke, Sidle, W. C., 1981, A geologic overview of Allman, D. W., 1984, Resource H. H., III; Fertl, W. H., editors, 1982, the Cascade Range. development—System design, Handbook of geothermal energy. Thorsen, G. W., 1971, Prospects for construction and operation for Eichelberger, L., 1980, Cascade Range, geothermal energy in Washington. geothermal direct use applications. Washington and Oregon—General case. U.S. Forest Service, 1988, Earth’s heat— Dickson, M. H.; Fanelli, Mario, editors, Farhar, B. C.; Heimiller, D. M., 2003, Geothermal energy on the national 1990, Small geothermal resources—A Opportunities for near-term geothermal forests of the Pacific Northwest. guide to development and utilization. development on public lands in the U.S. Geological Survey, 1995, Aerial EG&G Idaho, Inc.; Lawrence Berkeley western United States. infrared surveys in the investigation of Laboratory, 1982, Low-to-moderate Geothermal Resources Council, 2008, geothermal and volcanic heat sources. temperature hydrothermal reservoir Oregon/Washington geothermal lease Vice, D. H., 1980, The Pigeon Springs engineering handbook. sale. geothermal prospect, Cowlitz Co., Leffel, C. S., Jr.; Eisenberg, R. A., 1977, Green, B. D.; Nix, R. G., 2006, Washington. Geothermal handbook. Geothermal—The energy under our Vice, D. H., 1980, The Summit Creek Lienau, P. J.; Lunis, B. C., editors, 1989, feet—Geothermal resource estimates for geothermal prospect. Geothermal direct use engineering and the United States. Vonheeder, E. R., 1978, Nonmetallic and design guidebook. King County, 1980, Report of the King industrial minerals and energy Lund, J. W., 1998, Geothermal direct use County Energy Planning Project Dec. exploration. engineering and design guidebook; 1980; volume 2—Geothermal energy Wahl, E. F., 1977, Geothermal energy 3rd ed. section. utilization. Geothermal ice caves, see VOLCANISM – Korosec, M. A., 1983, Geothermal resource Washington Department of Natural GEOTHERMAL ICE CAVES targets—Progress and proposals. Resources, 1971, Papers presented at the Geothermal power plants, see ELECTRIC Korosec, M. A., 1984, Summary of First Northwest Conference on POWER – GEOTHERMAL POWER geothermal exploration activity in the geothermal power. PLANTS State of Washington from 1978 to 1983. Watzlaf, G. R.; Ackman, T. E., 2007, GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES Kruger, Paul; Otte, Carol, editors, 1973, Flooded underground coal mines—A [GENERAL WORKS AND Geothermal energy—Resources, significant source of inexpensive SUMMARIES] production, stimulation. geothermal energy. Note: For more detailed works, see Laney, Patrick; Brizzee, Julie, 2003, Welch, J. R., 1977, The mineral industry of EXPLORATION AND Washington geothermal resources. Washington. EVALUATION Livingston, V. E., Jr., 1972, Geothermal White, D. E.; Williams, D. L., editors, 1985, Anderson, D. N.; Axtell, L. H., compilers energy in Washington. Assessment of geothermal resources of and editors, 1972, Compendium of first Livingston, V. E., Jr., 1974, Geothermal the United States—1975. day papers presented at the first energy [abstract]. Youngquist, Walter, 1980, Pacific Northwest conference of the Geothermal Resources Lund, J. W., 1998, Geothermal direct use geothermal—Review and outlook. Council, El Centro, California, February, engineering and design guidebook; Youngquist, Walter, 1981, Geothermal 1972. 3rd ed. potential of the Cascades. Armstead, H. C. H., 1978, Geothermal Lund, J. W., 2007, Characteristics, energy—Its past, present and future GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES – development and utilization of contributions to the energy needs of COMPUTER PROGRAMS geothermal resources. man. Blackett, R. E., 1986, Assessment of McFarland, C. R., 1980, Metallic and Bloomquist, R. G., 2007, Geothermal in a geothermal related data bases. nonmetallic mineral exploration wrap- world of energy. Bliss, J. D., 1983, Washington State—Basic up, 1979. Bloomquist, R. G.; O’Brien, R. G.; Spurr, data for thermal springs and wells as Resource Planning Associates, Inc., 1977, Mark, 1999, Geothermal district energy recorded in GEOTHERM. Western energy resources and the at colocated sites. Korosec, M. A.; Phillips, W. M., 1982, environment—Geothermal energy. Chandrasekharam, D.; Bundschuh, Jochen, WELLTHERM—Temperature, depth, Schuster, J. E., 1973, Geothermal energy in 2008, Low-enthalpy geothermal and geothermal gradient data for wells Washington. resources for power generation. in Washington State. 28 GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES – ECONOMIC ASPECTS OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES – U.S. Forest Service, 1978, Gifford Pinchot GRANT CO. ECONOMIC ASPECTS National Forest—Final environmental see also COLUMBIA BASIN impact statement, Upper Cispus Blaydes & Associates, 2007, California Allen, Eliot, and Associates, Inc., 1984, Planning Unit, land management plan. geothermal energy collaborative— HEATPLAN for Moses Lake, Expanding California’s confirmed U.S. Forest Service, 1979, Geothermal Washington—A study of district heating geothermal resources bases— leasing and development on part of the favorabilities. Geothermal permitting guide. Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Bloomquist, R. G., 1983, Ephrata attracts Skamania County, Washington. Bloomquist, R. G., 1995, Drafting a national attention—Governor dedicates geothermal project for funding. GLACIER PEAK AREA innovative geothermal system. Green, B. D.; Nix, R. G., 2006, Church, S. E.; Stotelmeyer, R. B., 1984, Bloomquist, R. G., 1983, Water source heat Geothermal—The energy under our Glacier Peak Wilderness study area, pumps for district heating. feet—Geothermal resource estimates for Washington. Fornes, A. O., 1981, Direct-use geothermal the United States. Crowder, D. F.; Tabor, R. W.; Ford, A. B:, district heating project in the U.S.—A Reif, Thomas, 2008, Profitability analysis 1966, Geologic map of the Glacier Peak summary. and risk management of geothermal quadrangle, Snohomish and Chelan Korosec, M. A., 1982, Progress report on projects. Counties, Washington. geothermal energy programs in GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES – Ford, A. B., 1957, Petrology of the Sulphur Washington. GUIDEBOOKS Mountain area, Glacier Peak quadrangle, Lienau, P. J., 1986, Status of direct heat Battocletti, Liz, 2003, Geothermal small Washington. projects in western states. business workbook. Ford, A. B., 1959, Geology and petrology of Lienau, P. J.; Culver, Gene; Lund, J. W., Hammond, P. E., compiler, 1974, Brief the Glacier Peak quadrangle, northern 1988, Geothermal direct use outline to volcanic stratigraphy and Cascades, Washington. developments in the United States, guide to geology of southern Cascade Guffanti, Marianne, 1985, Previous August 1988. Range, Washington and northern estimates by the U.S. Geological Survey Lund, J. W.; Lienau, P. J.; Culver, Gene, Cascade Range, Oregon—Guidebook for of geothermal resources of the Cascade 1991, The current status of geothermal geothermal field trip, June 24–29, 1974. Range. direct use development in the United GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES – ORAL Harris, S. L., 1980, Fire and ice—The States update—1985–1990. HISTORY, MYTHS, AND LEGENDS Cascade volcanoes. Oregon Institute of Technology Geo-Heat Cataldi, Raffaele; Hodgson, S. F.; Lund, Tabor, R. W.; Crowder, D. F., 1969, On Center, 1979, Heating facilities for the J. W., editors, 1999, Stories from a batholiths and volcanoes—Intrusion and city schools, Ephrata, Washington, heated earth—Our geothermal heritage. eruption of Late Cenozoic magmas in November 1979. the Glacier Peak area, North Cascades, Lund, J. W., 2007, Characteristics, Rafferty, Kevin; Knipe, Ed, 1985, Some Washington. development and utilization of considerations for large water source geothermal resources Waldron, R. L., 1986, Hydrothermal heat pumps. alteration of the Gamma Ridge rocks, on Ryan, G. P., 1980, Heating facilities for the GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES – Glacier Peak, and their relation to hot city schools—Ephrata, Washington. SUSTAINABILITY spring activity. Sammel, E. A., 1979, Occurrence of low- Rybach, Ladislaus, 2007, Geothermal Goat Rocks area, see WHITE PASS temperature geothermal waters in the sustainability AREA United States. GIFFORD PINCHOT NATIONAL GOLDENDALE, WASH. Simpson, S. J.; Allen, E. M., 1985, FOREST (KLICKITAT CO.) Geothermal district heating favorability Burkhardt, H. E.; Brook, C. A.; Smith, F. W., Luzier, J. E., 1969, Ground-water occurrence studies in seven Washington cities. 1980, Selected administrative, land, and in the Goldendale area, Klickitat County, Taylor, G. C., Jr., 1944, Factual data resource data for known geothermal Washington. pertaining to wells and springs in the resources areas in Arizona, California, Goose Egg Mountain, see YAKIMA CO. Columbia Basin Project area, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington. Washington. GRANDVIEW, WASH. (YAKIMA CO.) Van Denburgh, A. S.; Santos, J. F., 1965, Dellinger, Mark; Higbee, C. V.; Justus, Allen, Eliot, and Associates, Inc., 1984, Ground water in Washington—Its Debra; Rafferty, Kevin; Rivenes, Roger, HEATPLAN for Grandview, chemical and physical quality. 1982, Geothermal energy in the Washington—A study of district heating Washington State Energy Office, 1987?, northwest—Site specific development favorabilities. District heating and cooling. analyses. Creager, Kurt, 1984, Geothermal Widness, S. E., 1986, The low-temperature U.S. Forest Service, 1978, Geothermal development and resource management geothermal resource of the Moses Lake– leasing and development, Gifford in the Yakima Valley; A guidebook for Ritzville–Connell area, east-central Pinchot National Forest; Draft local governments. Washington. environmental analysis report. Simpson, S. J.; Allen, E. M., 1985, Gravity surveys, see GEOPHYSICS – U.S. Forest Service, 1978, Geothermal Geothermal district heating favorability GRAVITY SURVEYS leasing and development on part of the studies in seven Washington cities. Gifford Pinchot National Forest; Draft Greenhouses, see AGRIBUSINESS environmental statement. OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2 HEATING – CASE HISTORIES 29

GREEN RIVER SODA SPRINGS Bodvarsson, Gunnar; Reistad, G. M., 1979, United Nations Symposium on the (COWLITZ CO.) Performance and feasibility of forced Development and Use of Geothermal see also THERMAL AND MINERAL geoheat recovery for low temperature Resources, (2nd, San Francisco, 1975), WATERS applications. 1976, Proceedings. Korosec, M. A., 1983, The 1983 temperature Creager, Kurt, 1984, Geothermal United Nations Symposium on the gradient and heat flow drilling project development and resource management Development and Utilization of for the State of Washington. in the Yakima Valley; A guidebook for Geothermal Resources (1st, Pisa, 1970), local governments. 1971, Proceedings. Ground water, see HYDROLOGY Culver, Gene, 1976, Optimization of Warfel, M. R., 1995, Application of THERMAL AND MINERAL geothermal home heating systems. groundwater-source heat pumps for WATERS Dickson, M. H.; Fanelli, Mario, editors, heating and cooling in Washington State WATER WELLS 1990, Small geothermal resources—A [abstract]. WELL LOGS guide to development and utilization. Washington State Energy Office, 1989, Designing new buildings for district HARRAH, WASH. (YAKIMA CO.) Ellis, P. F., II, 1985, Companion study guide to short course on geothermal corrosion heating. Rafferty, Kevin, 1984, Feasibility study for and mitigation in low temperature HEATING – CASE HISTORIES Harrah Elementary School, Harrah, geothermal heating systems. Washington, June 1984. Allen, E. M., 1982, The effects of urban Fassbender, L. L., 1982, Assessment of Heat exchangers, see EQUIPMENT AND land-use policies on geothermal district electric power conservation and supply heating feasibilities in U.S. cities. MATERIALS – HEAT resources in the Pacific Northwest; Allen, Eliot, and Associates, Inc., [no date], EXCHANGERS AND Volume VII, Geothermal space heating; Geothermal end-use assessment guide CONVECTORS Draft. for communities; Draft. Heat flow, see GEOPHYSICS – HEAT Lienau, P. J.; Culver, Gene, 1986?, Allen, Eliot, and Associates, Inc., 1985, FLOW AND THERMAL SURVEYS Geothermal technology transfer for Environmental assessment of geothermal Heat pumps, see EQUIPMENT AND direct heat applications; Final report. MATERIALS – HEAT PUMPS district heating and cooling, Phase 1 in Lienau, P. J.; Culver, Gene; Rafferty, Kevin, North Bonneville, Washington. 1990?, Direct use R&D assistance; Final HEATING Battocletti, Liz, 2003, Geothermal small report, January 1988–September 1990. Note: Includes works on district and business workbook. Lienau, P. J.; Lund, J. W., 1974, space heating of buildings. Bloomquist, R. G., 1983, Ephrata attracts Multipurpose use of geothermal energy; see also national attention—Governor dedicates Proceedings of the international innovative geothermal system. EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS conference on geothermal energy for GEOTHERMAL ENGINEERING industrial, agricultural and commercial- Bloomquist, R. G., 1983, Water source heat For other direct heating applications, residential uses. pumps for district heating. see also Lund, J. W., 1978, Geothermal energy Bundy, Don, 1981, North Bonneville sits on AGRICULTURE utilization for the homeowner. hot-water bonanza. AQUACULTURE Lund, J. W., 2007, Characteristics, Energy Design Update, 1997, Ground- INDUSTRIAL AND PROCESS development and utilization of coupled heat pumps sparkle in world’s APPLICATIONS geothermal resources. largest residential installation. Allen, Eliot, and Associates, Inc., 1981, Lunis, B. C., 1985, Geothermal district Fornes, A. O., 1981, Direct-use geothermal Guide to a community heat plan—A heating—Basics to success. district heating project in the U.S.—A geothermal energy application. summary. Morck, O. C.; Pedersen, Thomas, editors, Allen, Eliot, and Associates, Inc., 1981, 1989, IEA district heating—Advanced Geo-Heat Center, 2004, Geothermal direct- Institutional & financial guide to district heating production technologies. use case studies II. geothermal district heating. National Center for Appropriate Technology, Korosec, M. A., 1982, Progress report on Batdorf, J. A.; Simmons, G. M., 1984, 1988, Using the earth to heat and cool geothermal energy programs in Optimization of design and control homes. Washington. strategies for geothermal space heating National Research Council, 1985, District Lienau, P. J., 1986, Status of direct heat systems. heating and cooling in the United States- projects in western states Bloomquist, R. G., editor, 1981, Proceedings Prospects and issues. Lienau, P. J.; Culver, Gene; Lund, J. W., of the geothermal symposium—Low Piatti, Alberto; Piemonte, Carlo; Szego, 1988, Geothermal direct use temperature utilization, heat pump Edoardo, 1992, Planning of geothermal developments in the United States, applications, district heating, September district heating systems. August 1988. 24, 1980. Rafferty, Kevin, 1990, A tale of two heat Lund, J. W.; Lienau, P. J.; Culver, Gene, Bloomquist, R. G., 1999, Commercial pumps. 1991, The current status of geothermal geothermal heat pumps. direct use development in the United Swisher, Ron; Wright, G. A., 1990, Bloomquist, R. G.; Nimmons, J. T.; Rafferty, States update—1985–1990. Inhibition of corrosion at the air–water Kevin, 1988, District heating interface in geothermal downhole heat development guide—Legal, exchangers. institutional, and marketing issues, v. 1. 30 HEATING – ECONOMIC ASPECTS OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2

Oregon Institute of Technology Geo-Heat Allen, Eliot, and Associates, Inc., 1984, Sackville-West Cortner; Gerard, Thomas J., Center Quarterly Bulletin, 1987, HEATPLAN for Richland, and Associates, Inc., 1984, Geothermal Geothermal pipeline–Washington— Washington—A study of district heating heat pump study for Parke Creek Group Clark College uses 50° F for district favorabilities. Home. heating. Allen, Eliot, and Associates, Inc., 1984, Simpson, S. J.; Allen, E. M., 1985, Refrigeration Service & Contracting, 1997, HEATPLAN for Sunnyside, Geothermal district heating favorability Ground-coupled heat pumps sparkle in Washington—A study of district heating studies in seven Washington cities. world’s largest residential installation. favorabilities. Simpson, S. J.; Bloomquist, R. G., editors, Ryan, G. P., 1980, Heating facilities for the Allen, Eliot, and Associates, Inc., 1984, 1987, District heating development city schools—Ephrata, Washington. HEATPLAN for West Richland, guide HEATPLAN 3.0 user manual; A Washington State Energy Office, 1987?, Washington—A study of district heating computer approach to district heating District heating and cooling. favorabilities. favorability analysis, volume 2. Washington State Energy Office, 1989, Allen, Eliot, and Associates, Inc., 1984, Vitro Engineering Corporation, 1981, Building conversion to district heating. HEATPLAN for Yakima, Washington— Geothermally assisted heat pump system A study of district heating favorabilities. feasibility study, Yakima Regional Post HEATING – ECONOMIC ASPECTS Allen, Eliot, and Associates, Inc.; Office, Yakima, Washington. Allen, Eliot, and Associates, Inc., 1982, Engineering Resources, Ltd., 1984, HEATING – HANDBOOKS, MANUALS, Institutional and financial guide to Feasibility study of geothermal district ETC. geothermal district heating. heating and cooling in Sunnyside, Allen, Eliot, and Associates, Inc., 1981, Bloomquist, R. G.; Nimmons, J. T.; Rafferty, Washington. Institutional & financial guide to Kevin, 1988, District heating Chiasson, Andrew, 2005, Aquaculture and geothermal district heating. development guide—Legal, institutional, geothermal heat pump systems. and marketing issues, v. 1. Allen, Eliot, and Associates, Inc., 1982, Dellinger, Mark; Higbee, C. V.; Justus, Guide to a geothermal heat plan—A Chiasson, Andrew, 2005, Aquaculture and Debra; Rafferty, Kevin; Rivenes, Roger, geothermal energy application. geothermal heat pump systems. 1982, Geothermal energy in the Lienau, P. J., 1981, Geothermal district Fisher, Kevin, 1985, Marketing geothermal northwest—Site specific development heating analysis guide. district heating. analyses. Rafferty, Kevin, 2001, Small geothermal Fjarrvarmebyran i Vasteras AB, 1986, IEA Ingebritsen, S. E.; Mariner, R. H.; Evans, systems—A guide for the do-it-your- district heating—Cost analysis of district W. C.; Hurwitz, S.; Schmidt, M. E., selfer. heating networks. 2003, Hydrothermal discharge from Heating – Legal aspects, see LAW AND Rafferty, Kevin, 2003, The economics of volcanic areas in the western United LEGISLATION connecting small buildings to States [abstract]. geothermal district heating systems. Oregon Institute of Technology Geo-Heat HEATING – RESIDENTIAL Rafferty, Kevin, 2003, Industrial processes Center, 1979, Heating facilities for the see also POPULAR WORKS and the potential for geothermal city schools, Ephrata, Washington, November 1979. Energy Design Update, 1997, Ground- applications. coupled heat pumps sparkle in world’s Oregon Institute of Technology Geo-Heat largest residential installation. HEATING – FEASIBILITY STUDIES Center, 1981, Sol Duc Hot Springs Allen, Eliot, and Associates, Inc., 1981, feasibility study (Washington), Rafferty, Kevin, 2001, Small geothermal community heat plan addendum— December, 1981. systems—A guide for the do-it-your- selfer. Yakima, Washington heat atlas Oregon Institute of Technology Geo-Heat demonstration. Center, 1982, Feasibility study for Hot springs, see Allen, Eliot, and Associates, Inc., 1983, Adams County Fire Station, Othello, GEOPHYS ICS – HEAT FLOW AND HEATPLAN user manual—HEATPLAN Washington. THER MAL SUR VEYS version 1.0. Oregon Institute of Technology Geo-Heat THER MAL AND MIN ERAL Allen, Eliot, and Associates, Inc., 1984, Heat Center, 1982, Geothermal heating WA TERS plan for North Bonneville, Washington. facilities for Carson Elementary School HYDROLOGY – CHEMICAL and Wind River Middle School. Allen, Eliot, and Associates, Inc., 1984, ANALYSIS [STATEWIDE AND HEATPLAN for Cheney, Washington— Oregon Institute of Technology Geo-Heat GENERAL WORKS] A study of district heating favorabilities. Utilization Center, 1980, A. C. Davis Ellis, A. J.; Mahon, W. A. J., 1977, High School, Yakima, Washington. Allen, Eliot, and Associates, Inc., 1984, Chemistry and geothermal systems. HEATPLAN for Grandview, Rafferty, Kevin, 1984, Feasibility study for Korosec, M. A., 1980, Thermal and mineral Washington—A study of district heating Harrah Elementary School, Harrah, spring investigations, 1978–1979 favorabilities. Washington, June 1984. (surveys and analyses). Allen, Eliot, and Associates, Inc., 1984, Reif, Thomas, 2008, Profitability analysis Korosec, M. A., 1982, Table of chemical HEATPLAN for Moses Lake, and risk management of geothermal analyses for thermal and mineral spring Washington—A study of district heating projects. favorabilities. and well waters collected in 1980 and Riley Engineering, Inc., 1984, Geothermal 1981. water source, heat pump feasibility study, Washington State Penitentiary, Walla Walla, Washington. OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2 HYDROLOGY – CHEMICAL ANALYSIS – HANDBOOKS, MANUALS, ETC. 31

Korosec, M. A., 1983, Surveys and Frank, D. G.; Krimmel, R. M., 1980, Thompson, J. M.; White, L. D.; Casadevall, geochemical analyses of thermal and Progress report on chemical monitoring T. J.; Maley, C. A.; Keith, T. E. C., mineral springs in Washington, 1980– of the subglacial stream draining 1985, Hot springs depositing travertine 1981. Sherman Crater, Mount Baker, at Mount St. Helens [abstract]. Korosec, M. A., 1984, Chemical analyses Washington [abstract]. Vice, D. H., 2008, Geothermal exploration for thermal and mineral springs Fretwell, M. O., 1976, Water quality in the central Washington Cascades by examined in 1982–1983. sampling and analysis activities related Burlington Northern. Mariner, R. H.; Presser, T. S.; Evans, W. C., to Mount Baker’s recent volcanic Vice, D. H.; Gold, D. P., 1990, Some 1982, Chemical and isotopic activity. changes in the thermal and hydrologic composition of water from thermal and Gizienski, S. F.; McEuen, R. B.; Birkhahn, regime in the area around Mt. St. Helens mineral springs of Washington. P. C., 1975, Regional evaluation of the from 1977 to 1981 [abstract]. Nehring, N. L.; Bowen, P. A.; Truesdell, geothermal resource potential in central Zimbelman, D. R.; Rye, R. O., 1996, A. H., 1977, Techniques for the Washington State. Dynamics of hydrothermal systems in an conversion to carbon dioxide of oxygen Hearn, P. P.; Steinkampf, W. C.; Bortleson, active stratovolcano—Mount Rainier, from dissolved sulfate in thermal waters. G. C.; Drost, B. W., 1985, Geochemical Washington [abstract]. controls on dissolved sodium in basalt Nehring, N. L.; Mariner, R. H.; White, HYDROLOGY – CHEMICAL aquifers of the Columbia plateau, L. D.; Huebner, M. A.; Roberts, E. D.; ANALYSIS – COLUMBIA BASIN Harmon, Karen; Bowen, P. A.; Tanner, Washington. Biggane, J. H., 1981, The low temperature Lane, 1979, Sulfate geothermometry of Mariner, R. H., 1985, Geochemical features geothermal resources of the Yakima thermal waters in the western United of Cascades hydrothermal systems. region—A preliminary report. States. Mariner, R. H.; Presser, T. S.; Evans, W. C., Bortleson, G. C.; Cox, S. E., 1986, Nehring, N. L.; Roberts, E. D.; 1993, Geothermometry and water-rock Occurrence of dissolved sodium in Kaczanowski, G., 1979, Geother- interaction in selected thermal systems ground waters in basalts underlying the mometry applied to hot springs in in the Cascade Range and Modoc Columbia plateau, Washington. western United States [abstract]. Plateau, western United States. Fugro, Inc., 1980, Assessment of volcanic Reed, M. J.; Mariner, R. H.; Brook, C. A.; Mariner, R. H.; Presser, T. S.; Evans, W. C.; and geothermal activity in the Pasco Sorey, M. L., 1983, Selected data for Pringle, M. K. W., 1989, Discharge rates Basin and vicinity; Volume I—Narrative low-temperature (less than 90° C) of thermal fluids in the Cascade Range report. geothermal systems in the United of Oregon and Washington and their States—Reference data for U.S. relationship to the geologic Luzier, J. E., 1969, Ground-water Geological Survey Circular 892. environment. occurrence in the Goldendale area, Klickitat County, Washington. Watson, J. C., 1978, Sampling and analysis Mariner, R. H.; Presser, T. S.; Evans, W. C.; methods for geothermal fluids and gases. Pringle, M. K. W., 1990, Discharge rates Newcomb, R. C., 1965, Geology and of fluid and heat by thermal springs of ground-water resources of the Walla HYDROLOGY – CHEMICAL the Cascade Range, Washington, Walla River basin, Washington–Oregon. ANALYSIS – CASCADE RANGE Oregon, and northern California. Newcomb, R. C., 1972, Quality of the Britton. J. M.; Forster, C.; Fairbank, B. D., Sanders, J. W.; Miles, M. J., 1974, Mineral ground water in basalt of the Columbia 1984, Report on Mt. Baker geothermal content of selected geothermal waters. River group, Washington, Oregon, and project, Whatcom County, Washington; Idaho. 1984 exploration program (Phase IIb). Shevenell, Lisa, 1990, Chemical and isotopic investigation of the new Oregon Institute of Technology Geo-Heat Church, S. E.; Barnes, D. J., 1984, Indian hydrothermal system at Mount St. Center, 1982, Utilization of warm well Heaven Roadless Area, Washington. Helens, Washington. water, eastern Washington State. Church, S. E.; Stotelmeyer, R. B., 1984, Shevenell, Lisa, 1991, Tritium in the thermal Schuster, J. E.; Bloomquist, R. G., 1994, Glacier Peak Wilderness study area, waters discharging in Loowit Canyon, Low-temperature geothermal resources Washington. Mount St. Helens, Washington, U.S.A. of Washington. Dethier, D. P.; Frank, D. G.; Pevear, D. R., Shevenell, Lisa; Goff, F. E., 1990, Taylor, G. C., Jr., 1944, Factual data 1981, Preliminary chemical analysis of Condensation of magmatic volatiles into pertaining to wells and springs in the thermal waters at Mount St. Helens, the hot spring waters of Loowit Canyon, Columbia Basin Project area, Washington [abstract]. Mt. St. Helens, Washington [abstract]. Washington. Forcella, L. S., 1982, Geochemistry of Tabor, R. W.; Crowder, D. F., 1969, On Van Denburgh, A. S.; Santos, J. F., 1965, thermal and mineral waters in the batholiths and volcanoes—Intrusion and Ground water in Washington—Its Cascade mountains of western North eruption of Late Cenozoic magmas in chemical and physical quality. America. the Glacier Peak area, North Cascades, HYDROLOGY – CHEMICAL Frank, D. G., 1975, Subglacial transfer of Washington. ANALYSIS – HANDBOOKS, geothermal fluids in Boulder Glacier, Thompson, J. M., 1990, Chemical data from MANUALS, ETC. Washington [abstract]. thermal and nonthermal springs in Kindle, C. H.; Pool, K. H.; Ludwick, J. D.; Frank, D. G., 1980, Hydrothermal alteration Mount St. Helens National Monument, Robertson, D. E., 1984, Compendium of at Mount Baker, Washington [abstract]. Washington. selected methods for sampling and analysis at geothermal facilities. 32 HYDROLOGY – CHEMICAL ANALYSIS – PUGET LOWLAND OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2

Kindle, C. H.; Woodruff, E. M., 1981, U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, Aeromagnetic KELSO, WASH. (COWLITZ CO.) Techniques for geothermal liquid map of the Indian Heaven area, Lienau, P. J.; Culver, Gene; Lund, J. W., sampling and analysis. Washington. 1988, Geothermal direct use Lienau, P. J., 1992, Data acquisition for low- INDUSTRIAL AND PROCESS developments in the United States, temperature geothermal well tests and APPLICATIONS August 1988. long-term monitoring. see also GEOTHERMAL KENNEDY HOT SPRING Owen, L. B.; Michels, D. E., 1984, ENGINEERING [GENERAL (SNOHOMISH CO.) Geochemical engineering reference WORKS] see also THERMAL AND MINERAL manual. Allen, Eliot, and Associates, Inc., [no date], WATERS HYDROLOGY – CHEMICAL Geothermal end-use assessment guide Bloomquist, R. G., 1979, Geothermal energy ANALYSIS – PUGET LOWLAND for communities; Draft. in Washington—Site data base and Griffin, W. C.; Sceva, J. E.; Swenson, H. A.; Allen, Eliot, and Associates, Inc., 1981, development status. Mundorff, M. J., 1962, Water resources Inventory of Washington industries with Burkhardt, H. E.; Brook, C. A.; Smith, of the Tacoma area, Washington. geothermal direct-use potential. F. W., 1980, Selected administrative, HYDROLOGY – DIRECTORIES Blaydes & Associates, 2007, California land, and resource data for known geothermal energy collaborative— geothermal resources areas in Arizona, Brackett, Michael, 1992, Water resource data Expanding California’s confirmed California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, and source book. geothermal resources bases— Washington. HYDROLOGY – GEOPHYSICS Geothermal permitting guide. Sanders, J. W.; Miles, M. J., 1974, Mineral see also WELL LOGS Bloomquist, R. G., 1999, Commercial content of selected geothermal waters. Biggane, J. H., 1983, Geophysical logs from geothermal heat pumps. Tabor, R. W.; Crowder, D. F., 1969, On water wells in the Yakima area, Dickson, M. H.; Fanelli, Mario, editors, batholiths and volcanoes—Intrusion and Washington. 1990, Small geothermal resources—A eruption of Late Cenozoic magmas in Robinette, M. S.; Robinette, M. J.; Brown, guide to development and utilization. the Glacier Peak area, North Cascades, J. C., 1977, Geophysical investigations DiPippo, Ronald, 2008, Geothermal power Washington. of Washington’s ground-water resources; plants—Principles, applications, case KING CO. annual report 1975/1976. studies and environmental impact; see also CASCADE RANGE Stoffel, K. L.; Widness, S. E., compilers, 2nd ed. Fassbender, L. L., 1982, Assessment of 1983, Fluid-temperature logs for Lienau, P. J.; Lund, J. W., 1974, electric power conservation and supply selected wells in eastern Washington. Multipurpose use of geothermal energy; resources in the Pacific Northwest; Proceedings of the international Stoffel, K. L.; Widness, S. E., compilers, Volume VI, Geothermal electricity conference on geothermal energy for 1983, Geophysical logs of selected wells generation; Draft. in eastern Washington. industrial, agricultural and commercial- residential uses. King County, 1980, Report of the King Widness, S. E., 1986, The low-temperature County Energy Planning Project Dec. Lund, J. W., 2003, Examples of industrial geothermal resource of the Moses Lake– 1980; volume 2—Geothermal energy uses of geothermal energy in the United Ritzville–Connell area, east-central section. Washington. States. Landes, Henry, 1905, Preliminary report on Lyons, Kim, 2003, Washington—A Hydrology – Ground water, see the underground waters of Washington. THERMAL AND MINERAL regulatory guide to geothermal direct Stearns, N. D.; Stearns, H. T.; Waring, G. A., WATERS use development. 1937, Thermal springs in the United Rafferty, Kevin, 1983, Absorption States. HYDROTHERMAL VENTS AND refrigeration—Cooling with hot water. PLUMES (OCEAN) United Nations Symposium on the Vice, D. H., 1976, Black Diamond Thomson, R. E.; Davis, E. E.; Burd, B. J., Development and Use of Geothermal geothermal prospect, King Co., 1995, Hydrothermal venting and Resources, (2nd, San Francisco, 1975), Washington. geothermal heating in Cascadia Basin. 1976, Proceedings. Vice, D. H., 1980, Geothermal potential in Ice caves, see VOLCANISM – Rafferty, Kevin, 2003, Industrial processes Washington. GEOTHERMAL ICE CAVES and the potential for geothermal Washington State Energy Office, 1987?, applications. INDIAN HEAVEN AREA District heating and cooling. U.S. Department of Energy, 1995, Bloomquist, R. G., 1979, Geothermal energy Washington State Energy Office, 1989, Geothermal progress monitor—Report in Washington—Site data base and Building conversion to district heating. no. 17. development status. KITTITAS CO. Wehlage, E. F., 1981, Conserving electric Burkhardt, H. E.; Brook, C. A.; Smith, F. W., power by geothermal see also CASCADE RANGE 1980, Selected administrative, land, and refrigeration...cooling and freezing. Harper, Robert, 1982, Geothermal studies resource data for known geothermal suggest energy prospects. resources areas in Arizona, California, Witcher, J. C., 1980, Geothermal space Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, and heating/cooling. Konicek, D. L., 1974, Geophysical survey in Washington. Institutional aspects, see LAW AND south-central Washington. Church, S. E.; Barnes, D. J., 1984, Indian LEGISLATION Heaven Roadless Area, Washington. OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2 LAW AND LEGISLATION – LEASES AND PERMITS 33

Korosec, M. A.; Phillips, W. M.; Schuster, Battocletti, Liz, 2003, Geothermal small Nimmons, J. T., 1980, State public utility J. E.; and others, 1983, The 1980–1982 business workbook. energy policy in regulation of geothermal direct heat geothermal resource assessment program Washington—An overview. supplies. in Washington. Bloomquist, R. G., 1985, A review and Sacarto, D. M., 1976, State policies for Russell, I. C., 1893, A geological analysis of the adequacy of the legal and geothermal development; Uncovering a reconnoissance [sic] in central institutional framework for geothermal major resource. Washington. development in Washington State. SRI International; Freeman and Associates; Sackville-West Cortner; Gerard, Thomas J., Bloomquist, R. G., 1986, A review and Intasa; Leitner, Philip, 1980, Small and Associates, Inc., 1984, Geothermal analysis of the adequacy of the U.S. power production and cogeneration heat pump study for Parke Creek Group legal, institutional and financial facilities—Eligibility, rates and Home. framework for geothermal development. exemptions for qualifying and utility- Stearns, N. D.; Stearns, H. T.; Waring, G. A., Bloomquist, R. G., 1989, Regulatory and owned geothermal small power 1937, Thermal springs in the United commercial aspects. production facilities; Western regional draft supplemental environmental States. Bloomquist, R. G., 2005, Geothermal impact statement. KLICKITAT CO. energy—State policy options. Stone, R. T., 1971, Implementing the Federal Bloomquist, R. G.; Basescu, Neil; Higbee, see also COLUMBIA BASIN Geothermal Steam Act of 1970. C. V.; Justus, Debra; Simpson, Stewart, Barnett, D. B., 1986, The 1985 geothermal 1980, Washington—A guide to U.S. Department of Energy, 1980, Resource gradient drilling project for the State of geothermal energy development. assessment/commercialization planning Washington. meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah, 1980. Bloomquist, R. G.; Nimmons, J. T.; Rafferty, Barnett, D. B.; Korosec, M. A., 1986, Kevin, 1988, District heating U.S. Department of the Interior, 1973, Final Geothermal exploratory drilling by the development guide—Legal, environmental statement for the State of Washington in 1985. institutional, and marketing issues, v. 1. geothermal leasing program. Brown, J. C., 1979, Geology and water Bloomquist, R. G.; Wonstolen, K. A., U.S. Geological Survey, 1975, Geothermal resources of Klickitat County. editors, 1980, Proceedings of the steam act of 1970, Public Law 91-581, Cline, D. R., 1976, Reconnaissance of the geothermal symposium—Potential, legal 91st Congress, S.368, December 24, water resources of the upper Klickitat issues, economics, financing. 1970, (84 Stat. 1566), (30 U.S.C. 1001- River basin, Yakima Indian Reservation, 1025). Fournier, R. O., chairperson, 1976, Second Washington. United Nations symposium on the White, Tom, editor, 1985, Geothermal Konicek, D. L., 1975, Geophysical survey in development and use of geothermal Resources Council, Pacific Northwest south-central Washington. resources; Proceedings. Section fall meeting, September 24–25, 1985, Portland, Oregon, parts I and II; Korosec, M. A., compiler, 1987, Geologic Gagliano, Troy, 2003, Geothermal energy— Summary report [preliminary]. map of the Hood River quadrangle, A primer on state policies and Washington and Oregon. technology. Wonstolen, K. A., 1980, Geothermal legislative policy concerns. Landes, Henry, 1905, Preliminary report on Geothermal Resources Council, 1974, the underground waters of Washington. Geothermal regulations—Papers Wonstolen, K. A., 1986, Geothermal Luzier, J. E., 1969, Ground-water presented in conjunction with Special heating—Penetration of utility occurrence in the Goldendale area, Short Course no. 2, 23–24 May 1974, monopolies. Klickitat County, Washington. South San Francisco, California. LAW AND LEGISLATION – McEuen, R. B.; Birkhahn, P. C.; Pinckney, Geothermal Resources Council, 1976, HANDBOOKS, MANUALS, ETC. C. J., 1975, Predictive regionalization of Proceedings—State-Federal geothermal Bloomquist, R. G.; Simpson, S. J., 1986, geothermal potential [abstract]. regulatory interface workshop, 17–19 Geothermal energy development in Russell, I. C., 1893, A geological November 1976, Asilomar, California. Washington State—A guide to the reconnoissance [sic] in central Godwin, L. H.; Haigler, L. B.; Rioux, R. L.; federal, state, and local regulatory Washington. White, D. E.; Muffler, L. J. P.; Wayland, process. Sheppard, R. A., 1967, Geology of the R. G., 1971, Classification of public Creager, Kurt, 1984, Geothermal Simcoe Mountains volcanic area, lands valuable for geothermal steam and development and resource management Washington. associated geothermal resources. in the Yakima Valley; A guidebook for Stearns, N. D.; Stearns, H. T.; Waring, G. A., JM Energy Consultants, Inc., 1978, local governments. 1937, Thermal springs in the United Financing geothermal resource National Conference of State Legislatures, States. development in the Pacific region states. 1980, Geothermal guidebook prepared Waring, G. A., 1913, Geology and water JM Energy Consultants, Inc., 1978, The for the Western Interstate Energy Board. legal and institutional problems facing resources of a portion of south-central LAW AND LEGISLATION – LEASES geothermal development in Oregon and Washington. AND PERMITS Washington. Battocletti, Liz, 2005, An introduction to LAW AND LEGISLATION Lindsey, M. K.; Supton, Paul, 1975, geothermal permitting. Note: Includes legal, institutional, and Geothermal energy—Legal problems of regulatory aspects. resource development. Allen, Eliot, and Associates, Inc., 1981, Lyons, Kim, 2003, Washington—A Institutional & financial guide to regulatory guide to geothermal direct geothermal district heating. use development. 34 LESTER HOT SPRINGS (KING CO.) OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2

Blaydes & Associates, 2007, California Barnett, D. B., 1989, Geothermal drilling by Phillips, W. M., compiler, 1987, Geologic geothermal energy collaborative— the State of Washington in 1988. map of the Mount St. Helens Expanding California’s confirmed Barnett, D. B.; Korosec, M. A., 1986, quadrangle, Washington and Oregon. geothermal resources bases— Geothermal exploratory drilling by the Sanders, J. W.; Miles, M. J., 1974, Mineral Geothermal permitting guide. State of Washington in 1985. content of selected geothermal waters. Bloomquist, R. G., 1981, Washington State Barnett, D. B.; Korosec, M. A., 1989, Schasse, H. W., compiler, 1987, Geologic geothermal leasing status, January 1981. Results of the 1988 geothermal gradient map of the Mount Rainier quadrangle, Bloomquist, R. G., 1983, Geothermal test drilling project for the State of Washington. resources in the Cascades—Accessible/ Washington. Stearns, N. D.; Stearns, H. T.; Waring, G. A., developable—The institutional setting. Booker, J. R., 1981, Geomagnetic sounding 1937, Thermal springs in the United Bloomquist, R. G., 1991, Geothermal—A in the Cascade Range of Washington States. regulatory guide to leasing, permitting, State as a geothermal exploration Thompson, J. M., 1990, Chemical data from and licensing in Idaho, Montana, technique [abstract]. thermal and nonthermal springs in Oregon, and Washington. Brook, C. A.; Mariner, R. H.; Mabey, D. R.; Mount St. Helens National Monument, Bloomquist, R. G., 2005, Geothermal Swanson, J. R.; Guffanti, Marianne; Washington. energy—State policy options. Muffler, L. J. P., 1979, Hydrothermal U.S. Forest Service, 1978, Gifford Pinchot Bloomquist, R. G.; Simpson, S. J., 1986, convection systems with reservoir National Forest—Final environmental ³ Geothermal energy development in temperatures 90° C. impact statement, Upper Cispus Washington State—A guide to the Clayton, G. A., 1982, Pliocene and Planning Unit, land management plan. federal, state, and local regulatory Pleistocene volcanism in the White Pass U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, process. area, south Cascade Range Washington, Aeromagnetic map of the Mt. Margaret Deshaye, Joyce, 1992, A regulatory guide to and its implications for models of area, Washington. subductions beneath the southern leasing, permitting, and licensing in Youngquist, Walter, 1976, Pacific Northwest Washington Cascades [abstract]. Idaho, Montana, Oregon. and geothermal—Review and outlook. Washington. Clayton, G. A., 1983, Geology of the White LINCOLN CO. Geothermal Resources Council, 2008, Pass area, south-central Cascade Range, Oregon/Washington geothermal lease Washington. see also COLUMBIA BASIN sale. Clayton, G. A., 1983, Pliocene and Steele, J. L., 1975, A heat flow study in the Schuster, J. E., 1974, Geothermal lease Pleistocene volcanic history of the Turtle Lake quadrangle, Washington. applications. White Pass–Tumac Plateau region, Taylor, G. C., Jr., 1944, Factual data Washington. U.S. Bureau of Land Management; U.S. pertaining to wells and springs in the Forest Service, 2008, Draft Ellingson, J. A., 1968, Late Cenozoic Columbia Basin Project area, programmatic environmental impact volcanic geology of the White Pass– Washington. statement (PEIS) for geothermal leasing Goat Rocks area, Cascade mountains, Widness, S. E., 1983, Low temperature in the western United States. Washington. geothermal resource evaluation of the U.S. Forest Service, 1978, Geothermal Ellingson, J. A., 1969, Geology of the Goat Moses Lake–Ritzville–Connell area, leasing and development, Gifford Rocks volcano, southern Cascade Washington. mountains, Washington [abstract]. Pinchot National Forest; Draft LONGVIEW, WASH. (COWLITZ CO.) environmental analysis report. Ellingson, J. A., 1972, The rocks and Lund, J. W.; Lienau, P. J.; Culver, Gene, U.S. Forest Service, 1979, Geothermal structure of the White Pass area, Washington. 1991, The current status of geothermal leasing and development on part of the direct use development in the United Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Fiske, R. S.; Hopson, C. A.; Waters, A. C., States update—1985–1990. Skamania County, Washington. 1963, Geology of Mount Rainier Leases, see LAW AND LEGISLATION – National Park, Washington. LOOWIT HOT SPRINGS LEASES AND PERMITS Hammond, P. E., 1975, Preliminary geologic (SKAMANIA CO.) map and cross-sections with emphasis see also THERMAL AND MINERAL LESTER HOT SPRINGS (KING CO.) on Quaternary volcanic rocks, southern WATERS see also THERMAL AND MINERAL Cascade mountains, Washington. Ingebritsen, S. E.; Mariner, R. H.; Evans, WATERS Huntting, M. T., 1979, Geothermal gradient W. C.; Hurwitz, S.; Schmidt, M. E., Vice, D. H., 1980, Geothermal potential in measurements and drilling operations in 2003, Hydrothermal discharge from Washington. the Cowlitz River Valley, Mount St. volcanic areas in the western United Helens, and Camas areas, Washington. States [abstract]. LEWIS CO. Korosec, M. A., compiler, 1987, Geologic Shevenell, Lisa, 1991, Tritium in the see also CASCADE RANGE map of the Mount Adams quadrangle, thermal waters discharging in Loowit Banks, N. G.; Bennett, C. A.; Schmidt, J. M., Washington. Canyon, Mount St. Helens, Washington. 1978, Maps of photo lineaments and Korosec, M. A.; Barnett, D. B., 1989, U.S.A. geomorphic features in the Spirit Lake Geothermal resource exploration target Shevenell, Lisa; Goff, F. E., 1995, Evolution quadrangle, Washington. area defined by Division drilling of hydrothermal waters at Mount St. Barnett, D. B., 1986, The 1985 geothermal projects. Helens, Washington, USA. gradient drilling project for the State of Magnetic surveys, see GEOPHYSICS – Washington. MAGNETIC SURVEYS OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2 MAPS – GEOLOGIC – GARFIELD CO. 35

Magnetotelluric surveys, see MAPS – GEOLOGIC – CHELAN CO. Schasse, H. W.; Wegmann, K. W., 2000, GEOPHYSICS – see also Geologic map of the Carlsborg 7.5- ELECTROMAGNETIC SURVEYS MAPS – GEOLOGIC –NORTHEAST minute quadrangle, Clallam County, Washington. MAPS – GEOLOGIC QUADRANT Schasse, H. W.; Wegmann, K. W.; Polenz, Note: Under MAPS – GEOLOGIC – MAPS – GEOLOGIC – Michael, 2004, Geologic map of the Port [COUNTY] is a selected list of geologic NORTHWEST QUADRANT Angeles and Ediz Hook 7.5-minute maps. For a complete list of all geologic Crowder, D. F.; Tabor, R. W.; Ford, A. B., quadrangles, Clallam County, maps, see the indexes and web pages 1966, Geologic map of the Glacier Peak Washington. published by the Washington Division quadrangle, Snohomish and Chelan of Geology and Earth Resources listed Counties, Washington. MAPS – GEOLOGIC – CLARK CO. immediately below: Dragovich, J. D.; Norman, D. K., compilers, see also MAPS – GEOLOGIC – Index to geo logic and geo physi cal map ping 1995, Geologic map of the west half of SOUTHWEST QUADRANT of Wash ing ton, Part I—Pub lished and the Twisp 1:100,000 quadrangle, Phillips, W. M., compiler, 1987, Geologic open-filed reports, 1899 to 2003. Washington. map of the Mount St. Helens [http://www.dnr.wa.gov/Publications/ Dragovich, J. D.; Norman, D. K.; Haugerud, quadrangle, Washington and Oregon. ger_map_index_part1_published_ R. A.; Miller, R. B., 1997, Geologic map Phillips, W. M., compiler, 1987, Geologic ofr.pdf] and bedrock history of the Gilbert 7.5- map of the Vancouver quadrangle, Index to geo logic and geo physi cal map ping minute quadrangle, Chelan and Washington. of Wash ing ton, Part II—Theses, 1901 to Okanogan Counties, Washington; 2001. [http://www.dnr.wa.gov/ Geochronology, by W. C. McClelland MAPS – GEOLOGIC – COLUMBIA CO. Publications/ger_map_index_part2_ and P. Renne. see also MAPS – GEOLOGIC – thesis.pdf] Schasse, H. W., compiler, 1987, Geologic SOUTHEAST QUADRANT Geologic mapping at 1:100,000 scale. [http: map of the Mount Rainier quadrangle, Hooper, P. R.; Gillespie, B. A., 1996, //www.dnr.wa.gov/ResearchScience/ Washington. Geologic map of the Pomeroy area, Topics/GeologicHazardsMapping/Pages/ Tabor, R. W.; Crowder, D. F., 1969, On southeastern Washington. geol_mapping_100k.aspx] batholiths and volcanoes—Intrusion and MAPS – GEOLOGIC – COWLITZ CO. Published and in-preparation geo logic eruption of late Cenozoic magmas in the map ping of 7.5-min ute top o graphic Glacier Peak area, North Cascades, see also MAPS – GEOLOGIC – quad ran gles in Washington State [http:// Washington. SOUTHWEST QUADRANT www.dnr.wa.gov/Publications/ger_24k_ Crandell, D. R.; Mullineaux, D. R., 1978, mapping_status.pdf] MAPS – GEOLOGIC – CLALLAM CO. Potential hazards from future eruptions Maps – Geologic – Adams Co., see see also MAPS – GEOLOGIC – of Mount St. Helens volcano, MAPS – GEOLOGIC – SOUTHEAST NORTHWEST QUADRANT Washington. QUADRANT Gerstel, W. J.; Lingley, W. S., Jr., compilers, Lipman, P. W.; Mullineaux, D. R., editors, 2000, Geologic map of the Forks 1981, The 1980 eruptions of Mount St. MAPS – GEOLOGIC – ASOTIN CO. 1:100,000 quadrangle, Washington. Helens, Washington. see also MAPS – GEOLOGIC – Gerstel, W. J.; Lingley, W. S., Jr., 2003, Phillips, W. M., compiler, 1987, Geologic SOUTHEAST QUADRANT Geologic map of the Mount Olympus map of the Mount St. Helens Hooper, P. R.; Gillespie, B. A., 1996, 1:100,000 quadrangle, Washington. quadrangle, Washington and Oregon. Geologic map of the Pomeroy area, Polenz, Michael; Wegmann, K. W.; Phillips, W. M., compiler, 1987, Geologic southeastern Washington. Schasse, H. W., 2004, Geologic map of map of the Vancouver quadrangle, Maps – Geo logic – Benton Co., see the Elwha and Angeles Point 7.5-minute Washington. MAPS – GEOLOGIC – SOUTHEAST quadrangles, Clallam County, Vice, D. H., 1980, The Pigeon Springs QUADRANT Washington. geothermal prospect, Cowlitz Co., MAPS – GEOLOGIC – CASCADE Schasse, H. W., 2003, Geologic map of the Washington. RANGE Washington portion of the Cape Flattery Maps – Geologic – Douglas Co., see 1:100,000 quadrangle. Hammond, P. E., 1980, Reconnaissance MAPS – GEOLOGIC – geologic map and cross sections of the Schasse, H. W., 2003, Geologic map of the NORTHEAST QUADRANT southern Washington Cascade Range, Washington portion of the Port Angeles Maps – Geologic – Ferry Co., see MAPS – latitude 45°30¢–47°15¢ N., longitude 1:100,000 quadrangle. GEOLOGIC – NORTHEAST 120°45¢–122°22.5¢ W Schasse, H. W.; Logan, R. L., 1998, QUADRANT Smith, J. G., 1989, Geologic map of upper Geologic map of the Sequim 7.5-minute Maps – Geologic – Franklin Co., see Eocene to Holocene volcanic and related quadrangle, Clallam County, MAPS – GEOLOGIC – SOUTHEAST rocks in the Cascade Range, Washington. QUADRANT Washington. Schasse, H. W.; Polenz, Michael, 2002, Geologic map of the Morse Creek 7.5- MAPS – GEOLOGIC – GARFIELD CO. minute quadrangle, Clallam County, see also MAPS – GEOLOGIC – Washington. SOUTHEAST QUADRANT Hooper, P. R.; Gillespie, B. A., 1996, Geologic map of the Pomeroy area, southeastern Washington. 36 MAPS – GEOLOGIC – GRAYS HARBOR CO. OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2

Maps – Geologic – Grant Co., see Polenz, Michael; Schasse, H. W.; Petersen, Dragovich, J. D.; Walsh, T. J.; Anderson, MAPS – GEOLOGIC –NORTHEAST B. B., 2006, Geologic map of the M. L.; Hartog, Renate; DuFrane, S. A.; QUADRANT Freeland and northern part of the Vervoot, Jeff; Williams, S. A.; Cakir, Hansville 7.5-minute quadrangles, Island Recep; Stanton, K. D.; Wolff, F. E.; MAPS – GEOLOGIC – SOUTHEAST County, Washington. Norman, D. K.; Czajkowski, J. L., 2009, QUADRANT Polenz, Michael; Slaughter, S. L.; Geo logic map of the North Bend 7.5- MAPS – GEOLOGIC – GRAYS Dragovich, J. D.; Thorsen, G. W., 2005, min ute quad ran gle, King County, HARBOR CO. Geologic map of the Ebey’s Landing Wash ing ton, with a discus sion of major faults, folds, and bas ins in the map area. see also National Historical Reserve, Island County, Washington. Maps – Geologic – Kitsap Co., see MAPS – GEOLOGIC – MAPS – GEOLOGIC – NORTHWEST QUADRANT Polenz, Michael; Slaughter, S. L.; Thorsen, G. W., 2005, Geologic map of the NORTHWEST QUADRANT MAPS – GEOLOGIC – Coupeville and part of the Port SOUTHWEST QUADRANT MAPS – GEOLOGIC – KITTITAS CO. Townsend North 7.5-minute see also Gerstel, W. J.; Lingley, W. S., Jr., compilers, quadrangles, Island County, Washington. 2000, Geologic map of the Forks Schasse, H. W.; Kalk, M. L.; Petersen, B. B.; MAPS – GEOLOGIC – 1:100,000 quadrangle, Washington. Polenz, Michael, 2009, Geologic map of NORTHWEST QUADRANT Gerstel, W. J.; Lingley, W. S., Jr., 2003, the Langley and western part of the MAPS – GEOLOGIC – Geologic map of the Mount Olympus Tulalip 7.5-min ute quad ran gles, Is land SOUTHEAST QUADRANT 1:100,000 quadrangle, Washington. County, Wash ing ton. MAPS – GEOLOGIC – Lingley, W. S., Jr.; Logan, R. L.; Walsh, Schasse, H. W.; Kalk, M. L.; Polenz, SOUTHWEST QUADRANT T. J.; Gerstel, W. J.; Schasse, H. W., Michael, 2009, Geo logic map of the Cheney, E. S., 1999, Geologic map of the 1996, Reconnaissance geology of the Ju ni per Beach 7.5-min ute quad ran gle, Easton area, Kittitas County, Matheny Ridge–Higley Peak areas, Is land County, Wash ing ton. Washington. Olympic Peninsula, Washington. MAPS – GEOLOGIC – JEFFERSON CO. Logan, R. L., 2003, Geologic map of the MAPS – GEOLOGIC – KLICKITAT CO. Copalis Beach 1:100,000 quadrangle, see also MAPS – GEOLOGIC – see also NORTHWEST QUADRANT Washington. MAPS – GEOLOGIC – Logan, R. L., 2003, Geologic map of the Gerstel, W. J.; Lingley, W. S., Jr., compilers, SOUTHEAST QUADRANT 2000, Geologic map of the Forks Shelton 1:100,000 quadrangle, MAPS – GEOLOGIC – 1:100,000 quadrangle, Washington. Washington. SOUTHWEST QUADRANT Gerstel, W. J.; Lingley, W. S., Jr., 2003, MAPS – GEOLOGIC – ISLAND CO. Korosec, M. A., compiler, 1987, Geologic Geologic map of the Mount Olympus map of the Hood River quadrangle, see also MAPS – GEOLOGIC – 1:100,000 quadrangle, Washington. NORTHWEST QUADRANT Washington and Oregon. Lingley, W. S., Jr.; Logan, R. L.; Walsh, Sheppard, R. A., 1967, Geology of the Dragovich, J. D.; Gilbertson, L. A.; Norman, T. J.; Gerstel, W. J.; Schasse, H. W., Simcoe Mountains volcanic area, D. K.; Anderson, Garth; Petro, G. T., 1996, Reconnaissance geology of the Washington. 2002, Geologic map of the Utsalady and Matheny Ridge–Higley Peak areas, Conway 7.5-minute quadrangles, Skagit, Olympic Peninsula, Washington. MAPS – GEOLOGIC – LEWIS CO. Snohomish, and Island Counties, Schasse, H. W.; Slaughter, S. L., 2005, see also MAPS – GEOLOGIC – Washington. Geologic map of the Port Townsend SOUTHWEST QUADRANT Dragovich, J. D.; Petro, G. T.; Thorsen, G. South and part of the Port Townsend W.; Larson, S. L.; Foster, G. R.; Norman, Banks, N. G.; Bennett, C. A.; Schmidt, J. North 7.5-minute quadrangles, Jefferson M., 1978, Maps of photo lineaments and D. K., 2005, Geologic map of the Oak County, Washington. Harbor, Crescent Harbor, and part of the geomorphic features in the Spirit Lake Smith Island 7.5-minute quadrangles, MAPS – GEOLOGIC – KING CO. quadrangle, Washington. Island County, Washington. see also Clayton, G. A., 1983, Geology of the White Pass area, south-central Cascade Range, Dragovich, J. D.; Troost, M. L.; Norman, MAPS – GEOLOGIC – Washington. D. K.; Anderson, Garth; Cass, Jason; NORTHWEST QUADRANT Ellingson, J. A., 1968, Late Cenozoic Gilbertson, L. A.; McKay, D. T., Jr., MAPS – GEOLOGIC – volcanic geology of the White Pass– 2000, Geologic map of the Anacortes SOUTHWEST QUADRANT South and La Conner 7.5-minute Goat Rocks area, Cascade mountains, quadrangles, Skagit and Island Counties, Booth, D. B.; Minard, J. P., 1992, Geologic Washington. map of the Issaquah 7.5¢ quadrangle, Washington. Ellingson. J. A., 1972, The rocks and King County, Washington. Polenz, Michael; Schasse, H. W.; Kalk, structure of the White Pass area, M. L.; Petersen, B. B., 2009, Geo logic Dragovich, J. D.; Anderson, M. L.; Walsh, T. Washington. J.; Johnson, B. L.; Adams, T. L., 2007, map of the Camano 7.5-min ute Fiske, R. S.; Hopson. C. A.; Waters, A. C., Geologic map of the Fall City 7.5- quad ran gle, Is land County, Wash ing ton. 1963, Geology of Mount Rainier minute quadrangle, King County, National Park, Washington. Washington. OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2 MAPS – GEOLOGIC – SKAGIT CO. 37

Hammond, P. E., 1975, Preliminary geologic MAPS – GEOLOGIC – NORTHWEST Logan, R. L.; Walsh, T. J.; Polenz, Michael, map and cross-sections with emphasis QUADRANT 2003, Geologic map of the Longbranch on Quaternary volcanic rocks, southern Dragovich, J. D.; Logan, R. L.; Schasse, 7.5-minute quadrangle, Thurston, Pierce, Cascade mountains, Washington. H. W.; Walsh, T. J.; Lingley, W. S., Jr.; and Mason Counties, Washington. Korosec, M. A., compiler, 1987, Geologic Norman, D. K.; Gerstel, W. J.; Lapen, Logan, R. L.; Walsh, T. J.; Troost, K. G., map of the Mount Adams quadrangle, T. J.; Schuster, J. E.; Meyers, K. D., 2006, Geologic map of the Fox Island Washington. 2002, Geologic map of Washington— 7.5-minute quadrangle, Pierce County, Phillips, W. M., compiler, 1987, Geologic Northwest quadrant. Washington. map of the Mount St. Helens MAPS – GEOLOGIC – Schasse, H. W., compiler, 1987, Geologic quadrangle, Washington and Oregon. OKANOGAN CO. map of the Mount Rainier quadrangle, Schasse, H. W., compiler, 1987, Geologic see also Washington. map of the Mount Rainier quadrangle, MAPS – GEOLOGIC –NORTHEAST Vice, D. H., 1980, The Summit Creek Washington. QUADRANT geothermal prospect. MAPS – GEOLOGIC – LINCOLN CO. MAPS – GEOLOGIC – Walsh, T. J.; Logan, R. L.; Polenz, Michael, 2003, Geologic map of the McNeil see also MAPS – GEOLOGIC – NORTHWEST QUADRANT Island 7.5-minute quadrangle, Pierce NORTHEAST QUADRANT Dragovich, J. D.; Norman, D. K., compilers, and Thurston Counties, Washington. 1995, Geologic map of the west half of Derkey, R. E.; Hamil ton, M. M., 2009, Walsh, T. J.; Logan, R. L.; Polenz, Michael; Geo logic map of the Olsen Canyon 7.5- the Twisp 1:100,000 quadrangle, Washington. Schasse, H. W., 2003, Geologic map of min ute quad ran gle, Lin coln and Stevens the Nisqually 7.5-minute quadrangle, Coun ties, Wash ing ton. Dragovich, J. D.; Norman, D. K.; Haugerud, Thurston and Pierce Counties, R. A.; Miller, R. B., 1997, Geologic map MAPS – GEOLOGIC – MASON CO. Washington. and bedrock history of the Gilbert 7.5- see also minute quadrangle, Chelan and MAPS – GEOLOGIC – SAN JUAN CO. MAPS – GEOLOGIC – Okanogan Counties, Washington; see also MAPS – GEOLOGIC – NORTHWEST QUADRANT Geochronology, by W. C. McClelland NORTHWEST QUADRANT and P. Renne. MAPS – GEOLOGIC – Dethier, D. P.; White, D. P.; Brookfield, SOUTHWEST QUADRANT MAPS – GEOLOGIC – OLYMPIC C. M., 1996, Maps of the surficial Logan, R. L., 2003, Geologic map of the MOUNTAINS AND OLYMPIC geology and depth to bedrock of False Shelton 1:100,000 quadrangle, PENINSULA Bay, Friday Harbor, Richardson, and Washington. Tabor, R. W.; Cady, W. M., 1978, Geologic Shaw Island 7.5-minute quadrangles, San Juan County, Washington. Logan, R. L.; Polenz, Michael; Walsh, T. J.; map of the Olympic Peninsula, Schasse, H. W., 2003, Geologic map of Washington. Lapen, T. J., 2000, Geologic map of the the Squaxin Island 7.5-minute Maps – Geologic – Pacific Co., see Bellingham 1:100,000 quadrangle, quadrangle, Mason and Thurston MAPS – GEOLOGIC – Washington. Counties, Washington. SOUTHWEST QUADRANT Logan, R. L., 2003, Geologic map of the Logan, R. L.; Walsh, T. J., 2004, Geologic Maps – Geologic – Pend Oreille Co., see Washington portion of the Roche Harbor map of the Summit Lake 7.5-minute MAPS – GEOLOGIC – 1:100,000 quadrangle. quadrangle, Thurston and Mason NORTHEAST QUADRANT MAPS – GEOLOGIC – SKAGIT CO. Counties, Washington. MAPS – GEOLOGIC – PIERCE CO. see also MAPS – GEOLOGIC – Logan, R. L.; Walsh, T. J., 2007, Geologic NORTHWEST QUADRANT map of the Vaughn 7.5-minute see also quadrangle, Pierce and Mason Counties, MAPS – GEOLOGIC – Dragovich, J. D.; DeOme, A. J., 2006, Washington. NORTHWEST QUADRANT Geologic map of the McMurray 7.5- minute quadrangle, Skagit and Logan, R. L.; Walsh, T. J.; Polenz, Michael, MAPS – GEOLOGIC – Snohomish Counties, Washington, with 2003, Geologic map of the Longbranch SOUTHWEST QUADRANT a discussion of the evidence for 7.5-minute quadrangle, Thurston, Pierce, Crandell, D. R., 1969, Surficial geology of Holocene activity on the Darrington– and Mason Counties, Washington. Mount Rainier National Park, Devils Mountain fault zone. Schasse, H. W.; Logan, R. L.; Polenz, Washington. Dragovich, J. D.; Gilbertson, L. A.; Lingley, Michael; Walsh, T. J., 2003, Geologic Fiske, R. S., 1960, Stratigraphy and structure W. S., Jr.; Polenz, Michael; Glenn, map of the Shelton 7.5-minute of lower and middle Tertiary rocks, Jennifer, 2002, Geologic map of the quadrangle, Mason and Thurston Mount Rainier National Park, Darrington 7.5-minute quadrangle, Counties, Washington. Washington. Skagit and Snohomish Counties, MAPS – GEOLOGIC – NORTHEAST Fiske, R. S.; Hopson, C. A.; Waters, A. C., Washington. QUADRANT 1963, Geology of Mount Rainier Dragovich, J. D.; Gilbertson, L. A.; Lingley, Stoffel, K. L.; Joseph, N. L.; Waggoner, National Park, Washington. W. S., Jr.; Polenz, Michael; Glenn, S. Z.; Gulick, C. W.; Korosec, M. A.; Logan, R. L.; Walsh, T. J., 2007, Geologic Jennifer, 2002, Geologic map of the Bunning, B. B., 1991, Geologic map of map of the Vaughn 7.5-minute Fortson 7.5-minute quadrangle, Skagit Washington—Northeast quadrant. quadrangle, Pierce and Mason Counties, and Snohomish Counties, Washington. Washington: Washington Division of Geology. 38 MAPS – GEOLOGIC – SKAMANIA CO. OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2

Dragovich, J. D.; Gilbertson, L. A.; Norman, Hopkins, K. D., 1976, Geology of the south Dragovich, J. D.; Gilbertson, L. A.; Lingley, D. K.; Anderson, Garth; Petro, G. T., and east slopes of Mount Adams W. S., Jr.; Polenz, Michael; Glenn, 2002, Geologic map of the Utsalady and volcano, Cascade Range, Washington. Jennifer, 2002, Geologic map of the Conway 7.5-minute quadrangles, Skagit, Kent Associates, 1981, Geothermal Darrington 7.5-minute quadrangle, Snohomish, and Island Counties, exploration project, Phase I— Skagit and Snohomish Counties, Washington. Temperature gradient drilling for City of Washington. Dragovich, J. D.; Grisamer, C. L., 1998, North Bonneville, Washington, June, Dragovich, J. D.; Gilbertson, L. A.; Lingley, Quaternary stratigraphy, cross sections, 1981. W. S., Jr.; Polenz, Michael; Glenn, and general geohydrologic potential of Korosec, M. A., compiler, 1987, Geologic Jennifer, 2002, Geologic map of the the Bow and Alger 7.5-minute map of the Hood River quadrangle, Fortson 7.5-minute quadrangle, Skagit quadrangles, western Skagit County, Washington and Oregon. and Snohomish Counties, Washington. Washington. Korosec, M. A., compiler, 1987, Geologic Dragovich, J. D.; Gilbertson, L. A.; Norman, Dragovich, J. D.; Norman, D. K.; Grisamer, map of the Mount Adams quadrangle, D. K.; Anderson, Garth; Petro, G. T., C. L.; Logan, R. L.; Anderson, Garth, Washington. 2002, Geologic map of the Utsalady and 1998, Geologic map and interpreted Conway 7.5-minute quadrangles, Skagit, Lipman, P. W.; Mullineaux, D. R., editors, geologic history of the Bow and Alger Snohomish, and Island Counties, 1981, The 1980 eruptions of Mount St. 7.5-minute quadrangles, western Skagit Washington. Helens, Washington. County, Washington. Dragovich, J. D.; Norman, D. K., compilers, Nielson, D. L.; Moran, M. R., 1980, Dragovich, J. D.; Norman, D. K.; Lapen, 1995, Geologic map of the west half of Geologic interpretation of the T. J.; Anderson, Garth, 1999, Geologic the Twisp 1:100,000 quadrangle, geothermal potential of the North map of the Sedro-Woolley North and Washington. Bonneville area. Lyman 7.5-minute quadrangles, western Dragovich, J. D.; Stanton, B. W.; Lingley, Phillips, W. M., compiler, 1987, Geologic Skagit County, Washington. W. S., Jr.; Griesel, G. A.; Polenz, map of the Mount St. Helens quadrangle, Dragovich, J. D.; Stanton, B. W.; Lingley, Michael, 2003, Geologic map of the Washington and Oregon. W. S., Jr.; Griesel, G. A.; Polenz, Mount Higgins 7.5-minute quadrangle, Michael, 2003, Geologic map of the Phillips, W. M., compiler, 1987, Geologic Skagit and Snohomish Counties, Mount Higgins 7.5-minute quadrangle, map of the Vancouver quadrangle, Washington. Washington. Skagit and Snohomish Counties, Dragovich, J. D.; Stanton, B. W.; Lingley, Washington. Schuster, J. E.; Blackwell, D. D.; Hammond, W. S., Jr.; Griesel, G. A.; Polenz, Dragovich, J. D.; Stanton, B. W.; Lingley, P. E.; Huntting, M. T., 1978, Heat flow Michael, 2003, Geologic map of the Oso W. S., Jr.; Griesel, G. A.; Polenz, studies in the Steamboat Mountain– 7.5-minute quadrangle, Skagit and Michael, 2003, Geologic map of the Lemei Rock area, Skamania County, Snohomish Counties, Washington. Washington. Oso 7.5-minute quadrangle, Skagit and Dragovich, J. D.; Wolfe, M. W.; Stanton, Snohomish Counties, Washington. Verhoogen, Jean, 1937, Mount St. Helens— B. W.; Norman, D. K., 2004, Geologic Dragovich, J. D.; Wolfe, M. W.; Stanton, B. A recent Cascade volcano. map of the Stimson Hill 7.5-minute W.; Norman, D. K., 2004, Geologic map Wise, W. S., 1961, The geology and quadrangle, Skagit and Snohomish of the Stimson Hill 7.5-minute mineralogy of the Wind River area, Counties, Washington. quadrangle, Skagit and Snohomish Washington, and the stability relations of Ford, A. B., 1957, Petrology of the Sulphur Counties, Washington. celadonite. Mountain area, Glacier Peak Lapen, T. J., 2000, Geologic map of the Wise, W. S., 1970, Cenozoic volcanism in quadrangle, Washington. Bellingham 1:100,000 quadrangle, the Cascade mountains of southern Ford, A. B., 1959, Geology and petrology of Washington. Washington. the Glacier Peak quadrangle, northern MAPS – GEOLOGIC – SKAMANIA CO. MAPS – GEOLOGIC – Cascades, Washington. see also MAPS – GEOLOGIC – SNOHOMISH CO. Minard, J. P., 1985, Geologic map of the SOUTHWEST QUADRANT see also MAPS – GEOLOGIC – Everett 7.5-minute quadrangle, Snohomish County, Washington Banks, N. G.; Bennett, C. A.; Schmidt, J. M., NORTHWEST QUADRANT Tabor, R. W.; Crowder, D. F., 1969, On 1978, Maps of photo lineaments and Crowder, D. F.; Tabor, R. W.; Ford, A. B., batholiths and volcanoes—Intrusion and geomorphic features in the Spirit Lake 1966, Geologic map of the Glacier Peak eruption of late Cenozoic magmas in the quadrangle, Washington. quadrangle, Snohomish and Chelan Glacier Peak area, North Cascades, Counties, Washington. Berri, D. A.; Korosec, M. A., 1983, Washington. Geological and geothermal investigation Dragovich, J. D.; DeOme, A. J., 2006, Waldron, R. L., 1986, Hydrothermal of the lower Wind River valley, Geologic map of the McMurray 7.5- alteration of the Gamma Ridge rocks, on southwestern Washington Cascade minute quadrangle, Skagit and Glacier Peak, and their relation to hot Range. Snohomish Counties, Washington, with spring activity. Crandell, D. R.; Mullineaux, D. R., 1978, a discussion of the evidence for Potential hazards from future eruptions Holocene activity on the Darrington– MAPS – GEOLOGIC – SOUTHEAST of Mount St. Helens volcano, Devils Mountain fault zone. QUADRANT Washington. Schuster, J. E.; Gulick, C. W.; Reidel, S. P.; Harle, D. S., 1974, Geology of the Babyshoe Fecht, K. R.; Zurenko, S. E., 1997, Ridge area, southern Cascades, Geologic map of Washington— Washington. Southeast quadrant. OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2 MAPS – GEOLOGIC – YAKIMA CO. 39

MAPS – GEOLOGIC – SOUTHWEST Hamilton, M. M.; Derkey, R. E.; Stradling, Walsh, T. J.; Logan, R. L.; Polenz, Michael; QUADRANT D. F., 2004, Geologic map of the Schasse, H. W., 2003, Geologic map of Walsh, T. J.; Korosec, M. A.; Phillips, W. Spokane Southwest 7.5-minute the Nisqually 7.5-minute quadrangle, M.; Logan, R. L.; Schasse, H. W., 1987, quadrangle, Spokane County, Thurston and Pierce Counties, Geologic map of Washington— Washington. Washington. Southwest quadrant. MAPS – GEOLOGIC – STEVENS CO. Walsh, T. J.; Logan, R. L.; Polenz, Michael, 2003, Geologic map of the McNeil MAPS – GEOLOGIC – SPOKANE CO. see also MAPS – GEOLOGIC – Island 7.5-minute quadrangle, Pierce see also MAPS – GEOLOGIC – NORTHEAST QUADRANT and Thurston Counties, Washington. NORTHEAST QUADRANT Derkey, R. E.; Hamilton, M. M., 2007, Walsh, T. J.; Logan, R. L.; Schasse, H. W.; Derkey, R. E., 1997, Geologic map of the Geologic map of the Four Mound Prairie Polenz, Michael, 2003, Geologic map of Mead 7.5-minute quadrangle, Spokane 7.5-minute quadrangle, Spokane and the Tumwater 7.5-minute quadrangle, County, Washington. Stevens Counties, Washington. Thurston County, Washington. Derkey, R. E.; Gerstel, W. J.; Logan, R. L., Derkey, R. E.; Hamil ton, M. M., 2009, Maps – Geologic – Wahkiakum Co., see 1998, Geologic map of the Dartford 7.5- Geo logic map of the Olsen Canyon 7.5- MAPS – GEOLOGIC – minute quadrangle, Spokane County, min ute quad ran gle, Lin coln and Stevens SOUTHWEST QUADRANT Washington. Coun ties, Wash ing ton. Derkey, R. E.; Hamilton, M. M.; Stradling, MAPS – GEOLOGIC – WALLA Derkey, R. E.; Hamilton, M. M., 2007, WALLA CO. Geologic map of the Four Mound Prairie D. F., 2003, Geologic map of the Nine 7.5-minute quadrangle, Spokane and Mile Falls 7.5-minute quadrangle, see also MAPS – GEOLOGIC – Stevens Counties, Washington. Spokane and Stevens Counties, SOUTHEAST QUADRANT Washington. Derkey, R. E.; Hamilton, M. M.; Stradling, Derkey, R. E.; Stradling, D. F.; Lindsey, D. F., 2003, Geologic map of the Nine MAPS – GEOLOGIC – THURSTON CO. K. A.; Tolan, T. L., 2006, Geologic map of the College Place and Walla Walla Mile Falls 7.5-minute quadrangle, see also MAPS – GEOLOGIC – 7.5-minute quadrangles, Walla Walla Spokane and Stevens Counties, SOUTHWEST QUADRANT Washington. County, Washington, and Umatilla Logan, R. L., 2003, Geologic map of the County, Oregon. Derkey, R. E.; Hamilton, M. M.; Stradling, Shelton 1:100,000 quadrangle, D. F., 2004, Geologic map of the Airway Washington. MAPS – GEOLOGIC – WHATCOM CO. Heights 7.5-minute quadrangle, Spokane see also MAPS – GEOLOGIC – County, Washington. Logan, R. L.; Polenz, Michael; Walsh, T. J.; Schasse, H. W., 2003, Geologic map of NORTHWEST QUADRANT Derkey, R. E.; Hamilton, M. M.; Stradling, the Squaxin Island 7.5-minute Dragovich, J. D.; Norman, D. K.; Haugerud, D. F., 2004, Geologic map of the quadrangle, Mason and Thurston R. A.; Pringle, P. T., 1997, Geologic Greenacres 7.5-minute quadrangle, Counties, Washington. map and interpreted geologic history of Spokane County, Washington. Logan, R. L.; Walsh, T. J., 2004, Geologic the Kendall and Deming 7.5-minute Derkey, R. E.; Hamilton, M. M.; Stradling, map of the Summit Lake 7.5-minute quadrangles, western Whatcom County, D. F., 2004, Geologic map of the quadrangle, Thurston and Mason Washington. Spokane Northwest 7.5-minute Counties, Washington. Lapen, T. J., 2000, Geologic map of the quadrangle, Spokane County, Bellingham 1:100,000 quadrangle, Washington. Logan, R. L.; Walsh, T. J.; Polenz, Michael, 2003, Geologic map of the Longbranch Washington. Derkey, R. E.; Hamilton, M. M.; Stradling, 7.5-minute quadrangle, Thurston, Pierce, Logan, R. L., 2003, Geologic map of the D. F., 2004, Geologic map of the and Mason Counties, Washington. Washington portion of the Roche Harbor Washington portions of the Liberty Lake 1:100,000 quadrangle. 7.5-minute quadrangle and the south Logan, R. L.; Walsh, T. J.; Schasse, H. W.; half of the Newman Lake 7.5-minute Polenz, Michael, 2003, Geologic map of Maps – Geologic – Whitman Co., see quadrangle, Spokane County. the Lacey 7.5-minute quadrangle, MAPS – GEOLOGIC – SOUTHEAST Thurston County, Washington. QUADRANT Derkey, R. E.; Hamilton, M. M.; Stradling, D. F., 2005, Geologic map of the Deer Logan, R. L.; Walsh, T. J.; Stanton, B. W.; MAPS – GEOLOGIC – YAKIMA CO. Sarikhan, I. Y., 2009, Geo logic map of Park 7.5-minute quadrangle, Spokane see also County, Washington. the May town 7.5-min ute quad ran gle, Thurston County, Wash ing ton. MAPS – GEOLOGIC – SOUTHEAST Derkey, R. E.; Hamilton, M. M.; Stradling, QUADRANT D. F.; Kiver, E. P., 1999, Preliminary Schasse, H. W.; Logan, R. L.; Polenz, MAPS – GEOLOGIC – geologic maps of the Spokane NE and Michael; Walsh, T. J., 2003, Geologic SOUTHWEST QUADRANT SE 7.5-minute quadrangles, Spokane map of the Shelton 7.5-minute County, Washington. quadrangle, Mason and Thurston Biggane, J. H., 1982, The low-temperature Counties, Washington. geothermal resource and stratigraphy of Hamilton, M. M.; Derkey, R. E., 2005, portions of Yakima County, Washington. Geologic map of the Chattaroy 7.5- Walsh, T. J.; Logan, R. L., 2005, Geologic minute quadrangle, Spokane County, map of the East Olympia 7.5-minute Clayton, G. A., 1983, Geology of the White Washington. quadrangle, Thurston County, Pass area, south-central Cascade Range, Washington. Washington. Hamilton, M. M.; Derkey, R. E.; Stradling, D. F., 2004, Geologic map of the Four Lakes 7.5-minute quadrangle, Spokane County, Washington. 40 MAPS – GEOPHYSICAL OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2

Ellingson, J. A., 1968, Late Cenozoic Swanson, D. A.; Wright, T. L.; Zietz, MOSES LAKE, WASH. AND VICINITY volcanic geology of the White Pass– Isidore, 1979, Aeromagnetic map and Allen, Eliot, and Associates, Inc., 1984, Goat Rocks area, Cascade mountains, geologic interpretations of the west- HEATPLAN for Moses Lake. Washington. central Columbia plateau, Washington Washington—A study of district heating Ellingson, J. A., 1972, The rocks and and adjacent Oregon. favorabilities. structure of the White Pass area, U.S. Geological Survey, 1977, Aeromagnetic Simpson, S. J.; Allen, E. M., 1985, Washington. map of part of northern Washington. Geothermal district heating favorability Hammond, P. E., 1975, Preliminary geologic U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, Aeromagnetic studies in seven Washington cities. map and cross-sections with emphasis map of the Indian Heaven area, Widness, S. E., 1983, Low temperature on Quaternary volcanic rocks, southern Washington. geothermal resource evaluation of the Cascade mountains, Washington. U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, Aeromagnetic Moses Lake–Ritzville–Connell area, Hammond, P. E., 2005, Geologic map of the map of the Mt. Adam area, Washington. Washington. Timberwolf Mountain 7.5-minute U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, Aeromagnetic MOUNT ADAMS (YAKIMA CO.) quadrangle, Yakima County, map of the Mt. Margaret area, Bloomquist, R. G., 1979, Geothermal energy Washington. Washington. in Washington—Site data base and Hammond, P. E., 2005, Supplement to U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, Aeromagnetic development status. Geologic Map GM-60, geologic map of map of the Mt. St. Helens area, Ciancanelli, E. V., 1987, Geology and the Timberwolf Mountain 7.5-minute Washington. quadrangle, Yakima County, geothermal resource potential of Mt. Washington. MAPS – GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES Adams volcano, Washington. Hopkins, K. D., 1976, Geology of the south Blackwell, D. D.; Steele, J. L.; and others, Fowler, C. S., 1935, The origin of the sulfur and east slopes of Mount Adams compilers, 1992, Geothermal map of deposits of Mount Adams. volcano, Cascade Range, Washington. North America. Geyer, J. D.; Kellerman, L. M.; Bloomquist, Korosec, M. A., compiler, 1987, Geologic Derkey, P. D.; Johnson, B. R., 1995, Digital R. G., 1989, Assessment of geothermal map of the Mount Adams quadrangle, maps of low- to moderate-temperature resources for electric power generation Washington. geothermal springs and wells in the in the Pacific Northwest; Draft issue Pacific Northwest—A contribution to paper. Sheppard, R. A., 1967, Geology of the the Interior Columbia River Basin Simcoe Mountains volcanic area, Harris, S. L., 1980, Fire and ice—The Ecosystem Management Project. Washington. Cascade volcanoes. Korosec, M. A.; Kaler, K. L.; Schuster. J. E.; Swanson, D. A., 1964, The middle and late Hildreth, Wes; Fierstein, Judy, 1985, Mount and others, compilers, 1981, Geothermal Cenozoic volcanic rocks of the Tieton Adams—Eruptive history of an resources of Washington. River area, south-central Washington. andesite-dacite stratovolcano at the Korosec, M. A.; McLucas, G. B., compilers, focus of a fundamentally basaltic Swanson, D. A., 1966, Tieton volcano, a 1980, Quaternary volcanics and volcanic volcanic field. Miocene eruptive center in the southern centers in the State of Washington. Cascade mountains, Washington. Hildreth, Wes; Fierstein, Judy, 1990, Kron, Andrea; Heiken, Grant, 1980, Geologic map and geothermal Swanson, D. A., 1978, Geologic map of the Geothermal gradient map of the United assessment of the Mount Adams Tieton River area, Yakima County, States. volcanic field, Cascade Range of south-central Washington. Kron, Andrea; Stix, John, 1982, Geothermal southern Washington. MAPS – GEOPHYSICAL gradient map of the United States, Hildreth, Wes; Fierstein, Judy; Miller, M. S., Note: This is a selected list of exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii. 1983, Mineral and geothermal resource geophysical maps. For a complete list of Laney, Patrick; Brizzee, Julie, 2003, potential of the Mount Adams all geophysical maps, see the indexes Washington geothermal resources. Wilderness and contiguous roadless published by the Washington Division of areas, Skamania and Yakima Counties, Nunz, G. J., 1993, The xerolithic geothermal Geology and Earth Resources. Washington. (“hot dry rock”) energy resource of the Bonini, W. E.; Hughes, D. W.; Daneš, Z. F., United States—An update. Hopkins, K. D., 1976, Geology of the south compilers, 1974, Complete Bouguer and east slopes of Mount Adams gravity anomaly map of Washington. MAPS – HYDROLOGIC volcano, Cascade Range, Washington. Daneš, Z. F., 1979, Bouguer gravity map, Collings, M. R.; Higgins, G. T., 1973, Korosec, M. A., compiler, 1987, Geologic Camas area, Washington and Oregon. Stream temperatures in Washington map of the Mount Adams quadrangle, State. Daneš, Z. F., 1981, Preliminary Bouguer Washington. gravity map, southern Cascade MOFFETTS HOT SPRINGS Lesser, J. A., 1992, Economic impacts of mountains area, Washington. (SKAMANIA CO.) geothermal development, Skamania Daneš, Z. F.; Phillips, W. M., 1983, see also THERMAL AND MINERAL County, Washington. Complete Bouguer gravity anomaly WATERS Phillips, K. N., 1942, Fumaroles of Mount St. Helens and Mount Adams. map, Cascade mountains, Washington. Nielson, D. L.; Moran, M. R., 1980, Stricklin, C. R., 1975, Geophysical survey of Geologic interpretation of the Sheppard, R. A., 1967, Petrology of a late the Lemei Rock–Steamboat Mountain geothermal potential of the North Quaternary potassium-rich andesite area, Washington. Bonneville area. from Mount Adams, Washington. OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2 MOUNT RAINIER (PIERCE CO.) 41

U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, Friedman, J. D., 1972, Aerial thermal McLane, J. E.; Finkelman, R. B.; Larson, Aeromagnetic map of the Mt. Adams surveillance of volcanoes of the Cascade R. R., 1976, Mineralogical examination area, Washington. Range, Washington, Oregon, and of particulate matter from the fumaroles northern California [abstract]. of Sherman Crater, Mt. Baker, MOUNT BAKER (WHATCOM CO.) Friedman, J. D., 1974, Thermal surveillance Washington [abstract]. Bloomquist, R. G., 1979, Geothermal energy of Cascade Range volcanoes [abstract]. Nitsan, U., 1976, The effect of increased in Washington—Site data base and geothermal heat flux on the flow of Mt. development status. Friedman, J. D.; Frank, D. G., 1974, Thermal activity at Mount Baker volcano, Baker glaciers [abstract]. Bockheim, J. G.; Ballard, T. M., 1975, Washington [abstract]. Radke, L. F.; Hobbs, P. V.; Stith, J. L., 1976, Hydrothermal soils of the crater of Airborne measurements of gases and Mount Baker, Washington. Friedman, J. D.; Frank, D. G., 1980, Infrared surveys, radiant flux, and total heat aerosols from volcanic vents on Mt. Britton, J. M.; Forster, C.; Fairbank, B. D., discharge at Mount Baker volcano, Baker. 1984, Report on Mt. Baker geothermal Washington, between 1970 and 1975. Rosenfeld, C. L., 1976, Operational aerial project, Whatcom County, Washington; surveillance of the Sherman Crater area, 1984 exploration program (Phase IIb). Geyer, J. D.; Kellerman, L. M.; Bloomquist, R. G., 1989, Assessment of geothermal Mt. Baker, Washington [abstract]. Coombs, H. A., 1939, Mount Baker, a resources for electric power generation Sato, Motoaki; Malone, S. D.; Moxham, Cascade volcano. in the Pacific Northwest; Draft issue R. M.; McLane, J. E., 1976, Monitoring Easterbrook, D. J., 1975, Mount Baker paper. of fumarolic gas at Sherman Crater, Mt. eruptions. Hardee, H. C., 1985, Shallow magma targets Baker, Washington [abstract]. Easterbrook, D. J., 1976, Pleistocene and in the western U.S. Shafer, D. S., 1980, Evaluation and Recent volcanic activity of Mt. Baker, Harris, S. L., 1980, Fire and ice—The implications of the thermal activity of Washington [abstract]. Cascade volcanoes. Mt. Baker, Washington from aerial Fassbender, L. L., 1982, Assessment of photographs and infrared images. Hyde, J. H.; Crandell, D. R., 1975, Origin electric power conservation and supply and age of postglacial deposits and Spinney, P. J., 1984, Seattle City Light resources in the Pacific Northwest; assessment of potential hazards from geothermal exploration studies. Volume VI, Geothermal electricity future eruptions of Mount Baker, Stavert, L. W., 1971, A geochemical generation; Draft. Washington. reconnaissance investigation of Mount Frank, D. G., 1975, Subglacial transfer of Hyde, J. H.; Crandell, D. R., 1978, Baker andesite. geothermal fluids in Boulder Glacier, Postglacial volcanic deposits at Mount Washington [abstract]. MOUNT BAKER–SNOQUALMIE Baker, Washington, and potential NATIONAL FOREST Frank, D. G., 1980, Hydrothermal alteration hazards from future eruptions. at Mount Baker, Washington [abstract]. Burkhardt, H. E.; Brook, C. A.; Smith, F. W., Kiver, E. P., 1976, Washington’s geothermal 1980, Selected administrative, land, and Frank, D. G.; Krimmel, R. M., 1978, Mount ice caves. resource data for known geothermal Baker thermal activity continues— Kiver, E. P., 1978, Geothermal ice caves and resources areas in Arizona, California, Visual observations, April 1976 to fumaroles, Mount Baker volcano, 1974– Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, and August 1977 [abstract]. 77 [abstract]. Washington. Frank, D. G.; Krimmel, R. M., 1980, Kiver, E. P., 1978, Mount Baker’s changing Church, S. E.; Stotelmeyer, R. B., 1984, Progress report on chemical monitoring fumaroles. Glacier Peak Wilderness study area, of the subglacial stream draining Washington. Sherman Crater, Mount Baker, Kiver, E. P.; Steele, W. K., 1975, Washington [abstract]. Geothermally produced ice caves, U.S. Forest Service, 1982, Geothermal Mount Baker, Washington [abstract]. resources seminar, Mt. Baker– Frank, D. G.; Meier, M. F.; Swanson, D. A.; Snoqualmie National Forest, June 24, and others, 1977, Assessment of Korosec, M. A., 1982, Progress report on 1982. increased thermal activity at Mount geothermal energy programs in Baker, Washington, March 1975–March Washington. U.S. Forest Service, 1988, Earth’s heat— 1976. Lesser, J. A., 1992, Economic impacts of Geothermal energy on the national forests of the Pacific Northwest. Frank, D. G.; Post, A. S., 1976, geothermal development, Whatcom Documentation of thermal changes by County, Washington. MOUNT RAINIER (PIERCE CO.) photographs of snow and ice features at Malone, S. D., 1976, Deformation of Mount Bloomquist, R. G., 1979, Geothermal energy Mount Baker, Washington [abstract]. Baker volcano by hydrothermal heating in Washington—Site data base and Frank, D. G.; Post, A. S., 1976, [abstract]. development status. Hydrothermal activity at Mount Baker, Malone, S. D., 1979, Gravity changes Condie, K. C.; Swenson, D. H., 1974, Washington [abstract]. accompanying increased heat emission Compositional variation in three Frank, D. G.; Post, A. S.; Friedman, J. D., at Mount Baker, Washington. Cascade stratovolcanoes—Jefferson, 1975, Recurrent geothermally induced Malone, S. D.; Frank, D. G., 1975, Increased Rainier, and Shasta. debris avalanches on Boulder Glacier, heat emission from Mount Baker, Coombs, H. A., 1936, The geology of Mount Mount Baker, Washington. Washington. Rainier National Park. Fretwell, M. O., 1976, Water quality Crandell, D. R., 1969, The geologic story of sampling and analysis activities related Mount Rainier—A look at the geologic to Mount Baker’s recent volcanic past of one of America’s most scenic activity. volcanoes. 42 MOUNT ST. HELENS (SKAMANIA CO.) [GENERAL WORKS] OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2

Crandell, D. R., 1969, Surficial geology of Lange, I. M.; Avent, J. C., 1973, Ground- Crandell, D. R.; Mullineaux, D. R., 1973, Mount Rainier National Park, based thermal infrared surveys as an aid Pine Creek volcanic assemblage at Washington. in predicting volcanic eruptions in the Mount St. Helens, Washington. Crandell, D. R., 1971, Postglacial lahars Cascade Range. Crandell, D. R.; Mullineaux, D. R., 1978, from Mount Rainier volcano, Lange, I. M.; Avent, J. C., 1975, Ground- Potential hazards from future eruptions Washington. based thermal infrared surveys of Mount of Mount St. Helens volcano, Crandell, D. R., 1973, Map showing Rainier volcano, Washington. Washington. potential hazards from future eruptions Moxham, R. M.; Boynton, G. R.; Cote, Crandell, D. R.; Mullineaux, D. R.; Rubin, of Mount Rainier, Washington. C. E., 1973, Satellite telemetry of Meyer, 1975, Mount St. Helens Crandell, D. R.; Mullineaux, D. R.; Miller, fumarole temperatures, Mount Rainier, volcano—Recent and future behavior. R. D.; Rubin, Meyer, 1962, Pyroclastic Washington. Fassbender, L. L., 1982, Assessment of deposits of recent age at Mount Rainier, Moxham, R. M.; Crandell, D. R.; Marlatt, electric power conservation and supply Washington. W. E., 1965, Thermal features at Mount resources in the Pacific Northwest; Crandell, D. R.; Waldron, H. H., 1956, A Rainier, Washington, as revealed by Volume VI, Geothermal electricity Recent volcanic mudflow of exceptional infrared surveys. generation; Draft. dimensions from Mt. Rainier, Mullineaux, D. R.; Sigafoos, R. S.; Fraser, D. C., 1983, Airborne Washington. Hendricks, E. L., 1969, A historic electromagnetic surveys of the Cascade Cullen, J. M., 1978, Impact of a major eruption of Mount Rainier, Washington. Range, western United States; with a eruption of Mount Rainier on public Schasse, H. W., compiler, 1987, Geologic preface by D. B. Hoover. service delivery systems in the Puyallup map of the Mount Rainier quadrangle, Hardee, H. C., 1985, Shallow magma targets Valley, Washington. Washington. in the western U.S. Daneš, Z. F., 1964, Gravity survey of Mount Swenson, D. H., 1973, Geochemistry of Harris, S. L., 1980, Fire and ice—The Rainier, Washington [abstract]. three Cascade volcanoes. Cascade volcanoes. Fiske, R. S., 1960, Stratigraphy and structure Unger, J. D.; Decker, R. W., 1970, The Holmes, Jenny; Waugh, Kathleen, 1983, of lower and middle Tertiary rocks, microearthquake activity of Mount Targeting geothermal exploration sites Mount Rainier National Park, Rainier, Washington. in the Mount St. Helens area using soil Washington. Unger, J. D.; Mills, K. F., 1972, mercury surveys Fiske, R. S.; Hopson, C. A.; Waters, A. C., Microearthquakes at Mt. Rainier, 1969. Hopson, C. A., 1971, Eruptive sequence at 1963, Geology of Mount Rainier Vice, D. H., 1978, Data from the U.S. Mount St. Helens, Washington National Park, Washington. Geological Survey—Thermal IR [abstract]. Frank, D. G., 1985, Hydrothermal processes imagery of the Rainier corridor in Hyde, J. H., 1970, Geologic setting of at Mount Rainier, Washington. Washington, [Letter to C. W. Jordan]. Merrill Lake and evaluation of volcanic Frank, D. G., 2000, Hydrothermal indicators Vice, D. H., 1980, The Summit Creek hazards in the Kalama River valley near in streams and springs at Mount Rainier geothermal prospect. Mount St. Helens, Washington. [abstract]. Weaver, C. S., 1976, Seismic events on Hyde, J. H., 1973, Late Quaternary volcanic Frank, D. G.; Realmuto, V. J., 1995, Leakage Cascade volcanoes stratigraphy, south flank of Mount St. Helens, Washington. from the active hydrothermal system at Zimbelman, D. R.; Rye, R. O., 1996, Mount Rainier, Washington [abstract]. Dynamics of hydrothermal systems in an Hyde, J. H., 1975, Upper Pleistocene Friedman, J. D., 1972, Aerial thermal active stratovolcano—Mount Rainier, pyroclastic-flow deposits and lahars surveillance of volcanoes of the Cascade Washington [abstract]. south of Mount St. Helens volcano, Range, Washington, Oregon, and Washington. MOUNT ST. HELENS (SKAMANIA CO.) northern California [abstract]. Ingebritsen, S. E.; Mariner, R. H.; Evans, [GENERAL WORKS] Friedman, J. D., 1974, Thermal surveillance W. C.; Hurwitz, S.; Schmidt, M. E., Note: General works section does not of Cascade Range volcanoes [abstract]. 2003, Hydrothermal discharge from include heat flow and thermal surveys or volcanic areas in the western United Hardee, H. C., 1985, Shallow magma targets thermal and mineral waters. They are States [abstract]. in the western U.S. subdivided below. Korosec, M. A., 1982, Geothermal Harris, S. L., 1980, Fire and ice—The Beeson, M. H., 1981, Hydrothermal implications of the Mount St. Helens Cascade volcanoes. alteration in the Cascades. volcano [abstract]. Hopson, C. A.; Waters, A. C.; Bender, V. R.; Bloomquist, R. G., 1979, Geothermal energy Korosec, M. A.; Schuster, J. E., 1980, Rubin, Meyer, 1962, The latest eruptions in Washington—Site data base and Geothermal assessment of Mount St. from Mount Rainier volcano. development status. Helens, Washington, 1979. Kiver, E. P., 1976, Washington’s geothermal Braile, L. W., 1970, The isostatic condition Lipman, P. W.; Mullineaux, D. R., editors, ice caves. and crustal structure of Mount Saint 1981, The 1980 eruptions of Mount St. Kiver, E. P.; Snavely, J.; Snavely, D. F., Helens as determined from gravity data. Helens, Washington. 1977, Hydrogen sulfide fumes at the Clement, W. V., 1985, Airborne video Mullineaux, D. R.; Crandell, D. R., 1962, summit of Mount Rainier volcano, thermal infrared—Detection of Recent lahars from Mount St. Helens, Washington. geothermal areas on Mount St. Helens, Washington. Washington. Crandell, D. R., 1981, Volcanic hazards. OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2 NORTH BONNEVILLE, WASH. (SKAMANIA CO.) 43

Mullineaux, D. R.; Hyde, J. H.; Rubin, Friedman, J. D.; Olhoeft, G. R.; Johnson, Guffanti, Marianne, 1985, Previous Meyer, 1972, Preliminary assessment of G. R.; Frank. D. G., 1984, Thermal estimates by the U.S. Geological Survey upper Pleistocene and Holocene energy yield of Mt. St. Helens [abstract]. of geothermal resources of the Cascade pumiceous tephra from Mount St. Friedman, J. D.; Realmuto, V. J.; Frank, Range. Helens, southern Washington [abstract]. D. G., 1991, Comparison of thermal Shevenell, Lisa, 1990, Chemical and Phillips, K. N., 1942, Fumaroles of Mount features of Cordilleran volcanoes using isotopic investigation of the new St. Helens and Mount Adams. airborne sensing systems, with special hydrothermal system at Mount St. Phillips, W. M., compiler, 1987, Geologic reference to Mount St. Helens, WA Helens, Washington. map of the Mount St. Helens [abstract]. Shevenell, Lisa, 1991, Tritium in the thermal quadrangle, Washington and Oregon. Ginsberg, I. W., 1982, Thermal infrared waters discharging in Loowit Canyon, Schuster. J. E., 1981, A geothermal imagery of the Cascade Range Mount St. Helens, Washington, U.S.A. exploration philosophy for Mount St. volcanics. Shevenell, Lisa; Goff, F. E., 1990, Helens, (and other Cascade volcanoes?). Kieffer, H. H.; Frank, D. G., 1980, Thermal Condensation of magmatic volatiles into Shevenell, Lisa; Goff, F. E., 1995, Evolution infrared observations of Mt. St. Helens, the hot spring waters of Loowit Canyon, of hydrothermal waters at Mount St. March–May 1980 [abstract]. Mt. St. Helens, Washington [abstract]. Helens, Washington, USA. Kieffer, H. H.; Frank, D. G.; Friedman, J. D., Thompson, J. M., 1990, Chemical data from Thompson, J. M.; White, L. D.; Casadevall, 1980, Thermal infrared observations of thermal and nonthermal springs in T. J.; Maley, C. A.; Keith, T. E. C., Mt. St. Helens [abstract]. Mount St. Helens National Monument, 1985, Hot springs depositing travertine Kieffer, H. H.; Frank, D. G.; Friedman, J. D.; Washington. at Mount St. Helens [abstract]. Sawatzky, D. L., 1984, Aerial infrared Thompson, J. M.; White, L. D.; Maley, Unger, J. D.; Mills, K. F., 1973, Earthquakes surveys at Mount St. Helens, C. A., 1988, Thermal springs on Mount near Mount St. Helens, Washington. Washington [abstract]. Saint Helens [abstract]. U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, Kieffer, H. H.; Friedman, J. D.; Frank, D. G., Moxee Valley, see YAKIMA CO. 1984, Thermal-infrared surveys, Aeromagnetic map of the Mt. St. Helens NORTH BONNEVILLE, WASH. Cascades volcanoes [abstract]. area, Washington. (SKAMANIA CO.) Korosec, M. A.; Schuster, J. E., 1980, Pre- Verhoogen, Jean, 1937, Mount St. Helens— Allen, Eliot, and Associates, Inc., 1984, eruption geothermal assessment A recent Cascade volcano. Heat plan for North Bonneville, activities at Mount St. Helens, Weaver, C. S., 1976, Seismic events on Washington. Washington [abstract]. Cascade volcanoes Allen, Eliot, and Associates, Inc., 1985, Ryan, M. P.; Banks, N. G.; Hoblitt, R. P.; Youngquist, Walter, 1980, Pacific Northwest Environmental assessment of geothermal Blevins, J. Y. K., 1990, The in-situ geothermal—Review and outlook. district heating and cooling, Phase I in thermal transport properties and the North Bonneville, Washington. MOUNT ST. HELENS – HEAT FLOW thermal structure of Mount St. Helens AND THERMAL SURVEYS eruptive units. Bloomquist, R. G., 2006, Bonneville Hot Springs Resort, North Bonneville, WA. Blackwell, D. D.; Steele, J. L.; Schuster, St. Lawrence, William; Qamar, Anthony; J. E.; Korosec, M. A., 1980, The Moore, Johnnie; Kendrick, George, Bundy, Don, 1981, North Bonneville sits on regional thermal setting of the Mt. St. 1980, A comparison of thermal hot-water bonanza. Helens volcano [abstract]. observations of Mount St. Helens before Daneš, Z. F., 1980, Gravity results, North Dethier, D. P.; Frank, D. G.; Pevear, D. R., and during the first week of the initial Bonneville area, Washington. 1981, Preliminary chemical analysis of 1980 eruption. Fornes, A. O., 1981, Direct-use geothermal thermal waters at Mount St. Helens, Vice, D. H.; Gold, D. P., 1990, Some district heating project in the U.S.—A Washington [abstract]. changes in the thermal and hydrologic summary. Friedman, J. D., 1972, Aerial thermal regime in the area around Mt. St. Helens Kent Associates, 1981, Geothermal surveillance of volcanoes of the Cascade from 1977 to 1981 [abstract]. exploration project, Phase I— Range, Washington, Oregon, and MOUNT ST. HELENS – THERMAL Temperature gradient drilling for City of northern California [abstract]. AND MINERAL WATERS North Bonneville, Washington, June, 1981. Friedman, J. D., 1982, Thermal energy at Barnes, Ivan; Johnston, D. A.; Evans, W. C.; Mount St Helens [abstract]. Presser, T. S.; Mariner, R. H.; White, L. Kent Associates, 1982, City of North Friedman, J. D.; Frank, D. G., 1977, Thermal D., 1981, Properties of gases and waters Bonneville, Washington, geothermal surveillance of active volcanoes using of deep origin near Mount St. Helens. exploration project, production test well, Phase II. the LANDSAT-1 data collection system; Burkhardt, H. E.; Brook, C. A.; Smith, F. W., Part III, Heat discharge from Mount St. 1980, Selected administrative, land, and Kent, R. C., 1982, Thermal water Helens, Washington. resource data for known geothermal encountered in lava flows at North Friedman, J. D.; Frank, D. G., 1981, Aerial resources areas in Arizona, California, Bonneville, Washington [abstract]. infrared mapping of thermal activity at Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, and Korosec, M. A., 1982, Progress report on Cascade Range volcanoes [abstract]. Washington. geothermal energy programs in Friedman, J. D.; Frank, D. G.; Kieffer, H. H.; Dethier, D. P.; Frank. D. G.; Pevear, D. R., Washington. Sawatzky, D. L., 1981, Thermal infrared 1981, Preliminary chemical analysis of Nielson, D. L.; Moran, M. R., 1980, surveys of the May 18 crater, subsequent thermal waters at Mount St. Helens, Geologic interpretation of the lava domes, and associated volcanic Washington [abstract]. geothermal potential of the North deposits. Bonneville area. 44 OHANAPECOSH HOT SPRINGS (LEWIS CO.) OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2

OHANAPECOSH HOT Mariner, R. H.; Brook, C. A.; Reed, M. J.; Frank, D. G.; Realmuto, V. J., 1995, Leakage SPRINGS (LEWIS CO.) Bliss, J. D.; Rapport, A. L.; Lieb, R. J., from the active hydrothermal system at see also THERMAL AND MINERAL 1983, Low-temperature geothermal Mount Rainier, Washington [abstract]. WATERS resources in the western United States. Griffin, W. C.; Sceva, J. E.; Swenson, H. A.; Brook, C. A.; Mariner, R. H.; Mabey, D. R.; Tabor, R. W.; Cady, W. M., 1978, Geologic Mundorff, M. J., 1962, Water resources Swanson, J. R.; Guffanti, Marianne; map of the Olympic Peninsula, of the Tacoma area, Washington. Muffler, L. J. P., 1979, Hydrothermal Washington. Lienau, P. J., 1986, Status of direct heat convection systems with reservoir OTHELLO, WASH. (ADAMS CO.) projects in western states. temperatures ³ 90° C. Brown and Caldwell, 1981, Geothermal Lienau, P. J.; Culver, Gene; Lund, J. W., Sanders, J. W.; Miles, M. J., 1974, Mineral direct use feasibility study for City of 1988, Geothermal direct use content of selected geothermal waters. Othello, Washington. developments in the United States, August 1988. OKANOGAN CO. Lienau, P. J.; Culver, Gene; Lund, J. W., 1988, Geothermal direct use Vice, D. H., 1978, Data from the U.S. see also CASCADE RANGE or Geological Survey—Thermal IR COLUMBIA BASIN, as developments in the United States, August 1988. imagery of the Rainier corridor in appropriate. Washington, [Letter to C. W. Jordan]. Callahan, O. A., 2007, Exhumation and Oregon Institute of Technology Geo-Heat Center, 1982, Feasibility study for Vice, D. H., 1980, The Summit Creek topographic development of the geothermal prospect. Okanogan Range, northeast North Adams County Fire Station, Othello, Cascades. Washington. Washington State Energy Office, 1987?, District heating and cooling. Callahan, O. A.; Crider, Juliet; Reiners, PASCO BASIN Washington State Energy Office, 1989, Peter, 2007, Constraints on mid see also Cenozoic topography, exhumation and Building conversion to district heating. BENTON CO. tectonics within the Okanogan Range, Pipelines, see EQUIPMENT AND COLUMBIA BASIN northeast North Cascades [abstract]. MATERIALS – TRANSMISSION FRANKLIN CO. AND DISTRIBUTION PIPELINES Russell, I. C., 1893, A geological WALLA WALLA CO. reconnoissance [sic] in central Benson, L. V., 1978, Secondary minerals, POPULAR WORKS Washington. oxidation potentials, pressure and Berryhill, I. M., 1975, Geothermal energy— U.S. Geological Survey, 1977, Aeromagnetic temperature gradients in the Pasco Basin A developing resource for Washington. map of part of northern Washington. of Washington State. Bloomquist, R. G., 1980, Utilization of OKANOGAN RANGE – HEAT FLOW Ertec Western, Inc., 1981, Revisions to, Washington’s geothermal energy AND THERMAL SURVEYS Assessment of volcanic and geothermal resources Callahan, O. A., 2007, Exhumation and activity in the Pasco Basin and vicinity; Green, B. D.; Nix, R. G., 2006, topographic development of the Volume I—Narrative report. Geothermal—The energy under our Okanogan Range, northeast North Fugro, Inc., 1980, Assessment of volcanic feet—Geothermal resource estimates for Cascades. and geothermal activity in the Pasco the United States. Callahan, O. A.; Crider, Juliet; Reiners, Basin and vicinity; Volume I—Narrative Harper, Robert, 1982, Geothermal studies Peter, 2007, Constraints on mid report. suggest energy prospects. Cenozoic topography, exhumation and Fugro, Inc., 1980, Assessment of volcanic Rafferty, Kevin, 2001, Small geothermal tectonics within the Okanogan Range, and geothermal activity in the Pasco systems—A guide for the do-it-your- northeast North Cascades [abstract]. Basin and vicinity; Volume I— selfer. Bibliography. OLYMPIA, WASH. (THURSTON CO.) Schuster, J. E., 1974, The search for hot Murphy, P. J.; Johnpeer, G. D., 1981, An rocks Washington State Energy Office, 1987?, assessment of geothermal resource Power plants, see ELECTRIC POWER – District heating and cooling. potential Pasco Basin and vicinity, GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANTS OLYMPIC HOT SPRINGS Washington. Refrigeration, see INDUSTRIAL AND (CLALLAM CO.) Permits, see LAW AND LEGISLATION – PROCESS APPLICATIONS see also THERMAL AND MINERAL LEASES AND PERMITS WATERS Regulatory aspects, see LAW AND PIERCE CO. LEGISLATION Bloomquist, R. G., 1979, Geothermal energy Note: Materials about Mount Rainier are REMOTE SENSING in Washington—Site data base and not listed here. They are listed under development status. MOUNT RAINIER. Clement, W. V., 1985, Airborne video thermal infrared—Detection of OLYMPIC MOUNTAINS AND see also CASCADE RANGE OLYMPIC PENINSULA geothermal areas on Mount St. Helens, Frank, D. G., 1995, Surficial extent and Washington. see also CLALLAM CO. conceptual model of hydrothermal Friedman, J. D., 1972, Aerial thermal system at Mount Rainier, Washington. Bogart, L. E.; Readdy, L. A., 1987, surveillance of volcanoes of the Cascade Importance of fault mapping to mineral/ Frank, D. G., 2000, Hydrothermal indicators Range, Washington, Oregon, and geothermal exploration—Relationship to in streams and springs at Mount Rainier northern California [abstract]. fluid migration and ore formation— [abstract]. Northwest Washington. OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2 RESOURCE PLANNING [GENERAL WORKS] 45

Friedman, J. D., 1982, Thermal energy at Vice, D. H.; Gold, D. P., 1990, Some Lippmann, M. I., editor, 1988, Proceedings Mount St. Helens [abstract]. changes in the thermal and hydrologic of the technical review on advances in Friedman, J. D.; Frank, D. G., 1977, Thermal regime in the area around Mt. St. Helens geothermal reservoir technology— surveillance of active volcanoes using from 1977 to 1981 [abstract]. Research in progress. the LANDSAT-1 data collection system; RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Lund, J. W., 2007, Characteristics, Part III, Heat discharge from Mount St. development and utilization of see also EXPLORATION AND Helens, Washington. geothermal resources. EVALUATION Friedman, J. D.; Frank, D. G., 1980, Infrared Meridian Corporation, coordinators, 1989, surveys, radiant flux, and total heat Armstead, H. C. H., 1973, Geothermal DOE research and development for the discharge at Mount Baker volcano, energy—Review of research and geothermal marketplace; Proceedings of Washington, between 1970 and 1975. development. the geothermal program review VII, Friedman, J. D.; Frank, D. G., 1981, Aerial Atlas Corporation, 1984, Proceedings; March 21–23, 1989, San Francisco, CA. infrared mapping of thermal activity at Eighth annual geothermal conference Priest, G. R., 1985, Continental scientific Cascade Range volcanoes [abstract]. and workshop. drilling—The Cascades as a target. Friedman, J. D.; Frank, D. G.; Kieffer, H. H.; Bacon, C. R., 1980, Goals are set for Priest, G. R., 1987, Investigation of the Sawatzky, D. L., 1981, Thermal infrared research in Cascades. thermal regime and geologic history of surveys of the May 18 crater, subsequent Battocletti, Liz, 2003, Geothermal small the Cascade volcanic arc—First phase of lava domes, and associated volcanic business workbook. a program for scientific drilling in the deposits. Crandell, D. R., 1981, Volcanic hazards. Cascade Range. Friedman, J. D.; Realmuto, V. J.; Frank, Duffield, W. A.; Guffanti, Marianne, 1981, Priest, G. R.; Blackwell, D. D., 1984, D. G., 1991, Comparison of thermal The geothermal research program of the Understanding thermal energy and features of Cordilleran volcanoes using U.S. Geological Survey. dynamic processes in subduction-related airborne sensing systems, with special volcanic arcs Farhar, B. C.; Heimiller, D. M., 2003, reference to Mount St. Helens, WA Opportunities for near-term geothermal Spinney, P. J., 1984, Seattle City Light [abstract]. development on public lands in the geothermal exploration studies. Ginsberg, I. W., 1982, Thermal infrared western United States. U.S. Department of Energy, 1991, The imagery of the Cascade Range Goldstein, N. E., 1984, Fracture detection geothermal partnership-Industry, volcanics. and mapping for geothermal reservoir utilities, and government meeting the Hawley, D. L.; Brewster, S. B., Jr., 1982, A definition—An assessment of current challenges of the 90’s; Proceedings, thermal infrared survey of selected sites technology, research, and research Geothermal program review IX, 1991, in the Cascade mountain range of needs. San Francisco, CA. California, Oregon and Washington, Guffanti, Marianne; Muffler, L. J. P., 1985, U.S. Department of Energy, 1995, surveyed July 1981. Geothermal resources of the Cascades; Geothermal progress monitor—Report Kieffer, H. H.; Frank, D. G., 1980, Thermal USGS workshop. no. 17. infrared observations of Mt. St. Helens, Guffanti, Marianne; Muffler, L. J. P., editors, U.S. Geological Survey, 1980, Cascade March–May 1980 [abstract]. 1985, Proceedings of the workshop on Range could produce thermal energy as Kieffer, H. H.; Frank, D. G.; Friedman, J. D., geothermal resources of the Cascade well as volcanoes. 1980, Thermal infrared observations of Range. Varnado, S. G., editor, 1980, Geothermal Mt. St. Helens [abstract]. Hartley, R. P., 1978, Pollution control drilling and completion technology Kieffer, H. H.; Frank, D. G.; Friedman, J. D.; guidance for geothermal energy development program annual progress Sawatzky, D. L., 1984, Aerial infrared development. report, October 1979–September 1980. surveys at Mount St. Helens, Hickel, W. J., chairman; Denton, J. C., Reservoir evaluation, see Washington [abstract]. editor, 1972, Geothermal energy—A EXPLORATION AND Moxham, R. M., 1970, Thermal features at national proposal for geothermal EVALUATION volcanoes in the Cascade Range, as resources research; Final report of the RESOURCE PLANNING [GENERAL observed by aerial infrared surveys. Geothermal Resources Research WORKS] Moxham, R. M.; Boynton, G. R.; Cote, Conference, Seattle, 1972. Note: Includes materials on energy C. E., 1973, Satellite telemetry of Huntting, M. T., 1975, Geothermal research planning and development to meet fumarole temperatures, Mount Rainier, drilling in the Steamboat Mountain– regional demands for heating and power Washington. Lemei Rock area, Skamania County, consumption. Moxham, R. M.; Crandell, D. R.; Marlatt, Washington. Bates, R. G., 1973, Bert Cole—Geothermal W. E., 1965, Thermal features at Mount Kunze, J. F., 1978, Research and interview. Rainier, Washington, as revealed by development toward abundant and infrared surveys. economical geothermal energy in the Beer, Christine; Hederman, W. F., Jr.; Rosenfeld, C. L., 1976, Operational aerial Northwest [abstract]. Allman, D. W., 1984, Resource development—System design, surveillance of the Sherman Crater area, Lienau, P. J.; Culver, Gene; Rafferty, Kevin, construction and operation for Mt. Baker, Washington [abstract]. 19901, Direct use R&D assistance; Final geothermal direct use application. Shafer, D. S., 1980, Evaluation and report, January 1988–September 1990. implications of the thermal activity of Mt. Baker, Washington from aerial photographs and infrared images. 46 RESOURCE PLANNING – ELECTRIC POWER OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2

Blaydes & Associates, 2007, California Bloomquist, R. G.; Black, G. L.; Parker, Allen, Eliot, and Associates, Inc., 1982, geothermal energy collaborative— D. S.; Sifford, A.; Simpson, S. J.; Street, Guide to a geothermal heat plan—A Expanding California’s confirmed L. V., 1985, Evaluation and ranking of geothermal energy application. geothermal resources bases— geothermal resources for electrical Creager, Kurt, 1984, Geothermal Geothermal permitting guide. generation or electrical offset in Idaho, development and resource management Bloomquist, R. G., 1995, Drafting a Montana, Oregon, and Washington. in the Yakima Valley—A guidebook for geothermal project for funding. Electric Power Research Institute, 1987, local governments. Brown and Caldwell, 1981, Geothermal Proceedings; Tenth annual geothermal Fassbender, L. L., 1982, Assessment of direct use feasibility study for City of conference and workshop. electric power conservation and supply Othello, Washington. Fassbender, L. L., 1982, Assessment of resources in the Pacific Northwest; Chandrasekharam, D.; Bundschuh, Jochen, electric power conservation and supply Volume VII, Geothermal space heating; 2008, Low-enthalpy geothermal resources in the Pacific Northwest; Draft. Volume VI, Geothermal electricity resources for power generation. RICHLAND, WASH. (BENTON CO.) generation; Draft. Dellinger, Mark; Higbee, C. V.; Justus, Allen, Eliot, and Associates, Inc., 1984, GeothermEx, Inc., 1987, Considerations for Debra; Rafferty, Kevin; Rivenes, Roger, HEATPLAN for Richland, a program to confirm a 100-MW 1982, Geothermal energy in the Washington—A study of district heating geothermal resource in the Pacific northwest—Site specific development favorabilities. analyses. Northwest; Draft. Simpson, S. J.; Allen, E. M., 1985, Geyer, J. D.; Kellerman, L. M.; Bloomquist, Derkey, P. D.; Johnson, B. R., 1995, Digital Geothermal district heating favorability R. G., 1989, Assessment of geothermal maps of low- to moderate-temperature studies in seven Washington cities. geothermal springs and wells in the resources for electric power generation Pacific Northwest—A contribution to in the Pacific Northwest; Draft issue SAINT MARTINS HOT SPRINGS the Interior Columbia River Basin paper. (SKAMANIA CO.) Ecosystem Management Project. Gruetter, J. G., 1971, Electric energy market see also THERMAL AND MINERAL Farhar, B. C.; Heimiller, D. M., 2003, supply in the Pacific Northwest. WATERS Opportunities for near-term geothermal Johnson, V. V., 1980, Utility perspectives on Nielson, D. L.; Moran, M. R., 1980, development on public lands in the northwest geothermal resources. Geologic interpretation of the western United States. La Fleur, Joe, 1983, An exploration geothermal potential of the North MIT-led interdisciplinary panel, 2006, The overview. Bonneville area. future of geothermal energy—Impact of Lund, J. W.; Allen, E. M.; Higbee, C. V.; SEATTLE, WASH. (KING CO.) enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) on Lienau, P. J.; Phillips, Wayne; Shreve, Washington State Energy Office, 1989, the United States in the 21st century. Jim, 1980, Assessment of geothermal Building conversion to district heating. U.S. Department of Energy, 1980, Resource potential within the BPA marketing area, assessment/commercialization planning Contract No. DE-AC79-79BP15325, Seismic surveys, see GEOPHYSICS – meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah, 1980. July, 1980. SEISMIC SURVEYS U.S. Forest Service, 1978, Gifford Pinchot Northwest Power Planning Council, 1990, SHIPHERDS HOT SPRINGS National Forest—Final environmental Confirmation agendas for geothermal, (SKAMANIA CO.) impact statement, Upper Cispus wind and solar resources. see also THERMAL AND MINERAL Planning Unit, land management plan. Seely, D. B., 1985, Geothermal assessment WATERS Washington Department of Natural in the Bonneville Power Administration Berri, D. A.; Korosec, M. A., 1983, Resources, 1971, Papers presented at the service area. Geological and geothermal investigation First Northwest Conference on U.S. Bonneville Power Administration, of the lower Wind River valley, geothermal power. 1993, Resource programs final southwestern Washington Cascade RESOURCE PLANNING – ELECTRIC environmental impact statement. Range. POWER U.S. Energy Information Administration, SKAGIT CO. 1991, Geothermal energy in the western see also ELECTRIC POWER see also CASCADE RANGE United States and Hawaii—Resources Aldrich, M. J.; Laughlin, A. W.; Gambill, and projected electricity generation Church, S. E.; Stotelmeyer, R. B., 1984, D. T., 1981, Geothermal resource base supplies. Glacier Peak Wilderness study area, of the world—A revision of the Washington. Electrical Power Research Institute’s RESOURCE PLANNING – HEATING SKAMANIA CO. estimate. see also HEATING Note: Materials about Mount St. Helens Atlas Corporation, 1984, Proceedings; Allen, Eliot, and Associates, Inc., 1981, are not listed here. They are listed under Eighth annual geothermal conference Community heat plan addendum— MOUNT ST. HELENS. and workshop. Yakima, Washington heat atlas Bloomquist, R. G., 1981, A program for demonstration. see also CASCADE RANGE accelerating geothermal development in Allen, Eliot, and Associates, Inc., 1981, Allen, Eliot, and Associates, Inc., 1984, the State of Washington. Guide to a community heat plan—A Heat plan for North Bonneville, Bloomquist, R. G., compiler, 1981, A geothermal energy application. Washington. proposal for Northwest geothermal development. OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2 SKAMANIA CO. 47

Allen, Eliot, and Associates, Inc., 1985, Harle, D. S., 1974, Geology of the Babyshoe Phillips, W. M., compiler, 1987, Geologic Environmental assessment of geothermal Ridge area, southern Cascades, map of the Vancouver quadrangle, district heating and cooling, Phase I in Washington. Washington. North Bonneville, Washington. Harris, S. L., 1980, Fire and ice—The Phillips, W. M., compiler, 1987, Geologic Banks, N. G.; Bennett, C. A.; Schmidt, J. M., Cascade volcanoes. map of the Mount St. Helens 1978, Maps of photo lineaments and Hildreth, Wes; Fierstein, Judy; Miller, M. S., quadrangle, Washington and Oregon. geomorphic features in the Spirit Lake 1983, Mineral and geothermal resource Schuster, J. E.; Blackwell, D. D.; Hammond, quadrangle, Washington. potential of the Mount Adams P. E.; Huntting, M. T., 1978, Heat flow Barnett, D. B., 1986, The 1985 geothermal Wilderness and contiguous roadless studies in the Steamboat Mountain– gradient drilling project for the State of areas, Skamania and Yakima Counties, Lemei Rock area, Skamania County, Washington. Washington. Washington. Barnett, D. B., 1989, Geothermal drilling by Hopkins, K. D., 1976, Geology of the south Shevenell, Lisa; Goff, F. E., 1995, Evolution the State of Washington in 1988. and east slopes of Mount Adams of hydrothermal waters at Mount St. Barnett, D. B.; Korosec, M. A., 1986, volcano, Cascade Range, Washington. Helens, Washington, USA. Geothermal exploratory drilling by the Huntting, M. T., 1979, Geothermal gradient Stearns, N. D.; Stearns, H. T.; Waring, G. A., State of Washington in 1985. measurements and drilling operations in 1937, Thermal springs in the United Barnett, D. B.; Korosec, M. A., 1989, the Cowlitz River Valley, Mount St. States. Results of the 1988 geothermal gradient Helens, and Camas areas, Washington. Stricklin, C. R., 1975, Geophysical survey of test drilling project for the State of Kent Associates, 1981, Geothermal the Lemei Rock–Steamboat Mountain Washington. exploration project, Phase I— area, Washington. Berri, D. A.; Korosec, M. A., 1983, Temperature gradient drilling for City of U.S. Forest Service, 1978, Geothermal Geological and geothermal investigation North Bonneville, Washington, June, leasing and development, Gifford of the lower Wind River valley, 1981. Pinchot National Forest; Draft southwestern Washington Cascade Kent Associates, 1982, City of North environmental analysis report. Range Bonneville, Washington, geothermal U.S. Forest Service, 1978, Geothermal Bloomquist, R. G., 1979, Geothermal energy exploration project, production test well, leasing and development on part of the in Washington—Site data base and Phase II. Gifford Pinchot National Forest; Draft development status. Kent, R. C., 1982, Thermal water environmental statement. Bundy, Don, 1981, North Bonneville sits on encountered in lava flows at North U.S. Forest Service, 1978, Gifford Pinchot hot-water bonanza. Bonneville, Washington [abstract]. National Forest—Final environmental Burkhardt, H. E.; Brook, C. A.; Smith, F. W., Korosec, M. A., 1982, Progress report on impact statement, Upper Cispus 1980, Selected administrative, land, and geothermal energy programs in Planning Unit, land management plan. resource data for known geothermal Washington. U.S. Forest Service, 1979, Geothermal resources areas in Arizona, California, Korosec, M. A., compiler, 1987, Geologic leasing and development on part of the Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, and map of the Hood River quadrangle, Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington. Washington and Oregon. Skamania County, Washington. Church, S. E.; Barnes, D. J., 1984, Indian Korosec, M. A., compiler, 1987, Geologic U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, Heaven Roadless Area, Washington. map of the Mount Adams quadrangle, Aeromagnetic map of the Indian Daneš, Z. F., 1979, Bouguer gravity map, Washington. Heaven area, Washington. Camas area, Washington and Oregon. Korosec, M. A.; Barnett, D. B., 1989, U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, Daneš, Z. F., 1980, Gravity results, North Geothermal resource exploration target Aeromagnetic map of the Mt. Bonneville area, Washington. area defined by Division drilling Adams area, Washington. projects. Dellinger, Mark; Higbee, C. V.; Justus, U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, Debra; Rafferty, Kevin; Rivenes, Roger, Landes, Henry, 1905, Preliminary report on Aeromagnetic map of the Mt. 1982, Geothermal energy in the the underground waters of Washington. Margaret area, Washington. northwest—Site specific development Lesser, J. A., 1992, Economic impacts of U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, analyses. geothermal development, Skamania Aeromagnetic map of the Mt. St. Fornes, A. O., 1981, Direct-use geothermal County, Washington. Helens area, Washington. district heating project in the U.S.—A McEuen, R. B.; Birkhahn, P. C.; Pinckney, Wise, W. S., 1961, The geology and summary. C. J., 1975, Predictive regionalization of mineralogy of the Wind River area. Fraser, D. C., 1983, Airborne geothermal potential [abstract]. Washington, and the stability relations electromagnetic surveys of the Cascade Nielson, D. L.; Moran, M. R., 1980, of celadonite. Range, western United States; with a Geologic interpretation of the Wise, W. S., 1970, Cenozoic volcanism in preface by D. B. Hoover. geothermal potential of the North the Cascade mountains of southern Guffanti, Marianne, 1985, Previous Bonneville area. Washington. estimates by the U.S. Geological Survey Oregon Institute of Technology Geo-Heat Youngquist, Walter, 1976, Pacific Northwest of geothermal resources of the Cascade Center, 1982, Geothermal heating geothermal—Review and outlook. Range. facilities for Carson Elementary School Hardee, H. C., 1985, Shallow magma targets and Wind River Middle School. in the western U.S. 48 SNOHOMISH CO. OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2

SNOHOMISH CO. Bloomquist, R. G., 2003, Sol Duc Hot SUNNYSIDE, WASH. (YAKIMA CO.) see also CASCADE RANGE Springs—The resort that refused to die. Allen, Eliot, and Associates, Inc., 1984, Bloomquist, R. G., 1979, Geothermal energy Lienau, P. J.; Culver, Gene; Lund, J. W., HEATPLAN for Sunnyside, in Washington—Site data base and 1988, Geothermal direct use Washington—A study of district heating development status. developments in the United States, favorabilities. August 1988. Burkhardt, H. E.; Brook, C. A.; Smith, F. W., Allen, Eliot, and Associates, Inc.; 1980, Selected administrative, land, and Oregon Institute of Technology Geo-Heat Engineering Resources, Ltd., 1984, resource data for known geothermal Center, 1981, Sol Duc Hot Springs Feasibility study of geothermal district resources areas in Arizona, California, feasibility study (Washington), heating and cooling in Sunnyside, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, and December, 1981. Washington. Washington. Sammel, E. A., 1979, Occurrence of low- Simpson, S. J.; Allen, E. M., 1985, Church, S. E.; Stotelmeyer, R. B., 1984, temperature geothermal waters in the Geothermal district heating favorability Glacier Peak Wilderness study area, United States. studies in seven Washington cities. Washington. Space heating, see HEATING TACOMA, WASH. (PIERCE CO.) Crowder, D. F.; Tabor, R. W.; Ford, A. B., SPOKANE CO. Griffin, W. C.; Sceva, J. E.; Swenson, H. A.; 1966, Geologic map of the Glacier Peak see also COLUMBIA BASIN Mundorff, M. J., 1962, Water resources quadrangle, Snohomish and Chelan of the Tacoma area, Washington. Counties, Washington. Allen, Eliot, and Associates, Inc., 1984, HEATPLAN for Cheney, Washington— Lienau, P. J., 1986, Status of direct heat Ford, A. B., 1957, Petrology of the Sulphur A study of district heating favorabilities. projects in western states. Mountain area, Glacier Peak quadrangle, Lienau, P. J.; Culver, Gene; Lund, J. W., Washington. Simpson, S. J.; Allen, E. M., 1985, Geothermal district heating favorability 1988, Geothermal direct use Ford, A. B., 1959, Geology and petrology of studies in seven Washington cities. developments in the United States, the Glacier Peak quadrangle, northern August 1988. Cascades, Washington. Van Denburgh, A. S.; Santos, J. F., 1965, Ground water in Washington—Its Washington State Energy Office, 1987?, Guffanti, Marianne, 1985, Previous chemical and physical quality. District heating and cooling. estimates by the U.S. Geological Survey Washington State Energy Office, 1989, of geothermal resources of the Cascade STANDARDS Building conversion to district heating. Range. American Society for Testing and Materials, Harris, S. L., 1980, Fire and ice—The 1992, 1992 annual book of ASTM THERMAL AND MINERAL WATERS Cascade volcanoes. standards, section 12—Nuclear, solar, Note: Works in this section include data Sanders, J. W.; Miles, M. J., 1974, Mineral and geothermal energy. on water with temperatures ³20° C. content of selected geothermal waters. Steamboat Mountain area, see see also Stearns, N. D.; Stearns, H. T.; Waring, G. A., SKAMANIA CO. BAKER HOT SPRING CARSON HOT SPRINGS 1937, Thermal springs in the United STEVENS CO. States. GAMMA HOT SPRING Steele, J. L., 1975, A heat flow study in the GREEN RIVER SODA SPRINGS Tabor, R. W.; Crowder, D. F., 1969, On Turtle Lake quadrangle, Washington. batholiths and volcanoes—Intrusion and KENNEDY HOT SPRING eruption of Late Cenozoic magmas in SULPHUR HOT SPRINGS LESTER HOT SPRINGS the Glacier Peak area, North Cascades, (SNOHOMISH CO.) LOOWIT HOT SPRINGS Washington. MOFFETTS HOT SPRINGS see also THERMAL AND MINERAL MOUNT SAINT HELENS – Waldron, R. L., 1986, Hydrothermal WATERS THERMAL AND MINERAL alteration of the Gamma Ridge rocks, on Sanders, J. W.; Miles, M. J., 1974, Mineral WATERS Glacier Peak, and their relation to hot content of selected geothermal waters. OHANAPECOSH HOT SPRINGS spring activity. Tabor, R. W.; Crowder, D. F., 1969, On OLYMPIC HOT SPRINGS SOILS batholiths and volcanoes—Intrusion and SAINT MARTINS HOT SPRINGS SHIPHERDS HOT SPRINGS Bockheim, J. G.; Ballard, T. M., 1975, eruption of Late Cenozoic magmas in SOL DUC HOT SPRINGS Hydrothermal soils of the crater of the Glacier Peak area, North Cascades, SULPHUR HOT SPRINGS Mount Baker, Washington. Washington. SUMMIT CREEK SODA SPRING Sulphur Mountain area, see Holmes, Jenny; Waugh, Kathleen, 1983, WATER WELLS SNOHOMISH CO. Targeting geothermal exploration sites in WELL LOGS the Mount St. Helens area using soil SUMMIT CREEK SODA SPRING THERMAL AND MINERAL WATERS mercury surveys (LEWIS CO.) [STATEWIDE AND GENERAL SOL DUC HOT SPRINGS see also THERMAL AND MINERAL WORKS] (CLALLAM CO.) WATERS Berry, G. W.; Grim, P. J.; Ikelman, J. A., see also THERMAL AND MINERAL Sanders, J. W.; Miles, M. J., 1974, Mineral compilers, 1980, Thermal springs list for WATERS content of selected geothermal waters. the United States—National Oceanic Bloomquist, R. G., 1979, Geothermal energy and Atmospheric Administration key to in Washington—Site data base and geophysical records documentation development status. no. 12. OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2 THERMAL AND MINERAL WATERS – CASCADE RANGE 49

Blackwell, D. D., 1980, Heat flow and Korosec, M. A.; Kaler, K. L., 1980, Well Schuster, J. E.; Bloomquist, R. G., 1995, geothermal gradient measurements in temperature information and locations in Low-temperature geothermal resources Washington to 1979, and temperature- the State of Washington. of Washington [abstract]. depth data collected during 1979. Korosec, M. A.; Phillips, W. M., 1982, spinics.net, 2005, Hot springs of the United Bliss, J. D., 1983, Washington State—Basic WELLTHERM—Temperature, depth, States—Washington. data for thermal springs and wells as and geothermal gradient data for wells Stearns, N. D.; Stearns, H. T.; Waring, G. A., recorded in GEOTHERM. in Washington State. 1937, Thermal springs in the United Bloomquist, R. G., 2006, Bonneville Hot Korosec, M. A.; Schuster, J. E.; and others, States. Springs Resort, North Bonneville, WA. 1980, The 1979–1980 geothermal Valentine, G. M., 1960, Mineral waters. resource assessment program in Bogart, L. E.; Readdy, L. A., 1987, Van Denburgh, A. S.; Santos, J. F., 1965, Washington. Importance of fault mapping to mineral/ Ground water in Washington—Its geothermal exploration—Relationship to Landes, Henry, 1905, Preliminary report on chemical and physical quality. fluid migration and ore formation— the underground waters of Washington. Warfel, M. R., 1995, Application of Northwest Washington. Laney, Patrick; Brizzee, Julie, 2003, groundwater-source heat pumps for Campbell, K. V.; Miers, J. H.; Nichols, Washington geothermal resources. heating and cooling in Washington State B. M.; Oliphant, Jerrelyn; Pytlak, Lienau, P. J.; Culver, Gene; Lund, J. W., [abstract]. Shirley; Race, R. W.; Shaw, G. H.; 1988, Geothermal direct use Waring, G. A., 1965, Thermal springs of the Gresens, R. L., 1970, A survey of developments in the United States, United States and other countries of the thermal springs in Washington State. August 1988. world—A summary; revised by R. R. Chandrasekharam, D.; Bundschuh, Jochen, Mariner, R. H.; Brook, C. A.; Reed, M. J.; Blankenship and Ray Bentall. 2008, Low-enthalpy geothermal Bliss, J. D.; Rapport, A. L.; Lieb, R. J., THERMAL AND MINERAL WATERS – resources for power generation. 1983, Low-temperature geothermal CASCADE RANGE Collings, M. R.; Higgins, G. T., 1973, resources in the western United States. Barnes, Ivan; Johnston, D. A.; Evans. W. C.; Stream temperatures in Washington Mariner, R. H.; Presser, T. S.; Evans, W. C., Presser, T. S.; Mariner, R. H.; White, State. 1982, Chemical and isotopic L. D., 1981, Properties of gases and Derkey, P. D.; Johnson, B. R., 1995, Digital composition of water from thermal and waters of deep origin near Mount St. maps of low- to moderate-temperature mineral springs of Washington. Helens. geothermal springs and wells in the Nehring, N. L.; Bowen, P. A.; Truesdell, Berri, D. A.; Korosec, M. A., 1983, Pacific Northwest—A contribution to A. H., 1977, Techniques for the Geological and geothermal investigation the Interior Columbia River Basin conversion to carbon dioxide of oxygen of the lower Wind River valley, Ecosystem Management Project. from dissolved sulfate in thermal waters. southwestern Washington Cascade Frank, D. G., 1995, Surficial extent and Nehring, N. L.; Mariner, R. H.; White. Range conceptual model of hydrothermal L. D.; Huebner, M. A.; Roberts, E. D.; Blackwell, D. D.; Priest, G. R., 1996, system at Mount Rainier, Washington. Harmon, Karen; Bowen, P. A.; Tanner, Comment on “Rates and patterns of Frank, D. G., 2000, Hydrothermal indicators Lane, 1979, Sulfate geothermometry of groundwater flow in the Cascade Range in streams and springs at Mount Rainier thermal waters in the western United volcanic arc and the effect on subsurface [abstract]. States. temperatures” by S. E. Ingebritsen, Frank, D. G.; Realmuto, V. J., 1995, Leakage Nehring, N. L.; Roberts, E. D.; D. R. Sherrod, and R. H. Mariner. from the active hydrothermal system at Kaczanowski, G., 1979, Geother- Britton, J. M.; Forster, C.; Fairbank, B. D., Mount Rainier, Washington [abstract]. mometry applied to hot springs in 1984, Report on Mt. Baker geothermal western United States [abstract]. Korosec, M. A., 1980, Table of thermal and project, Whatcom County, Washington; mineral spring locations in Washington. Panichi, C.; La Ruffa, G., 2001, Stable 1984 exploration program (Phase IIb). isotope geochemistry of fumaroles—An Korosec, M. A., 1980, Thermal and mineral Brook, C. A.; Mariner, R. H.; Mabey, D. R.; insight into volcanic surveillance. spring investigations, 1978–1979 Swanson, J. R.; Guffanti, Marianne; (surveys and analyses). Reed, M. J., editor, 1983, Assessment of Muffler, L. J. P., 1979, Hydrothermal Korosec, M. A., 1980, Well temperature low-temperature geothermal resources convection systems with reservoir information and locations in the State of of the United States—1982. temperatures ³ 90° C. Washington. Reed, M. J.; Mariner, R. H.; Brook, C. A.; Burkhardt, H. E.; Brook, C. A.; Smith, F. W., Korosec, M. A., 1982, Table of chemical Sorey, M. L., 1983, Selected data for 1980, Selected administrative, land, and analyses for thermal and mineral spring low-temperature (less than 90° C) resource data for known geothermal and well waters collected in 1980 and geothermal systems in the United resources areas in Arizona, California, 1981. States—Reference data for U.S. Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, and Geological Survey Circular 892. Korosec, M. A., 1983, Surveys and Washington. geochemical analyses of thermal and Russell, R. H., 1973, Geothermal energy Church, S. E.; Barnes, D. J., 1984, Indian mineral springs in Washington, 1980– potential of Washington State Heaven Roadless Area, Washington. 1981. Sammel, E. A., 1979, Occurrence of low- Church, S. E.; Stotelmeyer, R. B., 1984, Korosec, M. A., 1984, Chemical analyses temperature geothermal waters in the Glacier Peak Wilderness study area, for thermal and mineral springs United States. Washington. examined in 1982–1983. Schuster, J. E., 1974, Geothermal energy potential of Washington. 50 THERMAL AND MINERAL WATERS – COLUMBIA BASIN OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2

Dethier, D. P.; Frank, D. G.; Pevear, D. R., Mariner, R. H.; Presser, T. S.; Evans, W. C.; Brown, J. C., 1979, Geology and water 1981, Preliminary chemical analysis of Pringle, M. K. W., 1989, Discharge rates resources of Klickitat County. thermal waters at Mount St. Helens, of thermal fluids in the Cascade Range Brown, J. C., 1980, Stratigraphy and Washington [abstract]. of Oregon and Washington and their ground-water hydrology of selected Forcella, L. S., 1982, Geochemistry of relationship to the geologic areas, Columbia plateau, Washington. environment. thermal and mineral waters in the Cline, D. R., 1976, Reconnaissance of the Cascade mountains of western North Mariner, R. H.; Presser, T. S.; Evans, W. C.; water resources of the upper Klickitat America. Pringle, M. K. W., 1990, Discharge rates River basin, Yakima Indian Reservation, Frank, D. G., 1985, Hydrothermal processes of fluid and heat by thermal springs of Washington. the Cascade Range, Washington, at Mount Rainier, Washington. Darton, N. H., 1920, Geothermal data of the Oregon, and northern California. Gizienski, S. F.; McEuen, R. B.; Birkhahn, P. United States including many original C., 1975, Regional evaluation of the Nielson, D. L.; Moran, M. R., 1980, determinations of underground geothermal resource potential in central Geologic interpretation of the temperature. geothermal potential of the North Washington State. Ertec Western, Inc., 1981, Revisions to, Bonneville area. Grose, L. T., 1975, Geothermal energy— Assessment of volcanic and geothermal Geology, exploration, and developments; Sanders, J. W.; Miles, M. J., 1974, Mineral activity in the Pasco Basin and vicinity; Part l. content of selected geothermal waters. Volume I—Narrative report. Guffanti, Marianne, 1985, Previous Shevenell, Lisa, 1990, Chemical and Foxworthy, B. L., 1962, Geology and estimates by the U.S. Geological Survey isotopic investigation of the new ground-water resources of the Ahtanum of geothermal resources of the Cascade hydrothermal system at Mount St. Valley, Yakima County, Washington. Helens, Washington. Range. Fugro, Inc., 1980, Assessment of volcanic Hammond, P. E., compiler, 1974, Brief Shevenell, Lisa, 1991, Tritium in the thermal and geothermal activity in the Pasco outline to volcanic stratigraphy and waters discharging in Loowit Canyon, Basin and vicinity; Volume I—Narrative guide to geology of southern Cascade Mount St. Helens, Washington, U.S.A. report. Range, Washington and northern Shevenell, Lisa; Goff, F. E., 1990, Hearn, P. P.; Steinkampf, W. C.; Bortleson, Cascade Range, Oregon—Guidebook for Condensation of magmatic volatiles into G. C.; Drost, B. W., 1985, Geochemical geothermal field trip, June 24–29, 1974. the hot spring waters of Loowit Canyon, controls on dissolved sodium in basalt Hildreth, Wes; Fierstein, Judy, 1990, Mt. St. Helens, Washington [abstract]. aquifers of the Columbia plateau, Geologic map and geothermal Shevenell, Lisa; Goff, F. E., 1995, Evolution Washington. assessment of the Mount Adams of hydrothermal waters at Mount St. Korosec, M. A.; Phillips, W. M.; Schuster, volcanic field, Cascade Range of Helens, Washington, USA. J. E., 1983, The low temperature southern Washington. Tabor, R. W.; Crowder, D. F., 1969, On geothermal resources of eastern Hurwitz, Shaul; Kipp, K. L.; Ingebritsen, batholiths and volcanoes—Intrusion and Washington. S. E.; Reid, M. E., 2003, Groundwater eruption of Late Cenozoic magmas in Newcomb, R. C., 1965, Geology and flow, heat transport, and water table the Glacier Peak area, North Cascades, ground-water resources of the Walla position within volcanic edifices— Washington. Walla River basin, Washington–Oregon. Implications for volcanic processes in Thompson, J. M., 1990, Chemical data from Newcomb, R. C., 1972, Quality of the the Cascade Range. thermal and nonthermal springs in ground water in basalt of the Columbia Hurwitz, Shaul; Kipp, K. L.; Ingebritsen, Mount St. Helens National Monument, River group, Washington, Oregon, and S. E.; Reid, Mark, 2003, Water-table Washington. Idaho. elevation within volcanic edifices along Thompson, J. M.; White, L. D.; Maley, Oregon Institute of Technology Geo-Heat the Cascade Range—Insights from C. A., 1988, Thermal springs on Mount Center, 1982, Utilization of warm well numerical simulations [abstract]. Saint Helens [abstract]. water, eastern Washington State. Kent, R. C., 1982, Thermal water Waldron, R. L., 1986, Hydrothermal Robinette, M. S.; Robinette, M. J.; Brown, encountered in lava flows at North alteration of the Gamma Ridge rocks, on J. C., 1977, Geophysical investigations Bonneville, Washington [abstract]. Glacier Peak, and their relation to hot of Washington’s ground-water Korosec, M. A.; Phillips, W. M.; Schuster, spring activity. resources; Annual report 1975/1976. J. E.; and others, 1983, The 1980–1982 THERMAL AND MINERAL WATERS – Russell, I. C., 1893, A geological geothermal resource assessment program COLUMBIA BASIN reconnoissance [sic] in central in Washington. Biggane, J. H., 1981, The low temperature Washington. Mariner, R. H.; Evans, W. C.; Presser, T. S.; geothermal resources of the Yakima Schuster, J. E.; Bloomquist, R. G., 1994, White, L. D., 2003, Excess nitrogen in region—A preliminary report. Low-temperature geothermal resources selected thermal and mineral springs of of Washington. the Cascade Range in northern Biggane, J. H.; Washington Division of California, Oregon, and Washington— Geology and Earth Resources staff, Smith, G. O., 1901, Geology and water Sedimentary or volcanic in origin? 1983, Geohydrologic studies of the resources of a portion of Yakima Yakima valley area, Washington. County, Washington. Mariner, R. H.; Presser, T. S.; Evans, W. C., 1993, Geothermometry and water–rock Bortleson, G. C.; Cox, S. E., 1986, Stoffel, K. L.; Korosec, M. A., 1984, Low interaction in selected thermal systems Occurrence of dissolved sodium in temperature geothermal resources of the in the Cascade Range and Modoc ground waters in basalts underlying the Columbia Basin, eastern Washington. Plateau, western United States. Columbia plateau, Washington. OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2 VOLCANISM – FUMAROLES 51

Taylor, G. C., Jr., 1944, Factual data Oregon Institute of Technology Geo-Heat Hurwitz, Shaul; Kipp, K. L.; Ingebritsen, pertaining to wells and springs in the Center Quarterly Bulletin, 1987, S. E.; Reid, Mark, 2003, Water-table Columbia Basin Project area, Geothermal pipeline–Washington— elevation within volcanic edifices along Washington. Clark College uses 50° F for district the Cascade Range—Insights from Walkey, Clifton, 1984, Geochemistry and heating. numerical simulations [abstract]. structural setting of a geothermal spring VOLCANISM [GENERAL WORKS] Ingebritsen, S. E.; Mariner, R. H.; Evans, located north of the Washington–Oregon W. C.; Hurwitz, S.; Schmidt, M. E., Note: Works on specific volcanoes and border proximate to the Snake River. 2003, Hydrothermal discharge from volcanic areas are not included here. Waring, G. A., 1913, Geology and water volcanic areas in the western United resources of a portion of south-central see also States [abstract]. Washington. GLACIER PEAK AREA Iyer, H. M., 1985, Characteristics of INDIAN HEAVEN AREA Widness, S. E., 1986, The low-temperature Cascades magmatic systems determined MOUNT ADAMS from teleseismic-residual studies. geothermal resource of the Moses Lake– MOUNT BAKER Ritzville–Connell area, east-central MOUNT RAINIER Korosec, M. A.; McLucas, G. B., compilers, Washington. MOUNT ST. HELENS 1980, Quaternary volcanics and volcanic centers in the State of Washington. THERMAL AND MINERAL WATERS – WHITE PASS AREA OLYMPIC MOUNTAINS AND see also MacLeod, N. S.; Swanson, D. A., 1985, OLYMPIC PENINSULA CASCADE RANGE Volcanism in the Cascade Range. Bloomquist, R. G., 2003, Sol Duc Hot Grose, L. T., 1975, Geothermal energy— Mariner, R. H.; Evans, W. C.; Presser, T. S.; Springs—The resort that refused to die. Geology, exploration, and White, L. D., 2003, Excess nitrogen in selected thermal and mineral springs of Oregon Institute of Technology Geo-Heat developments; Part I. the Cascade Range in northern Center, 1981, Sol Duc Hot Springs Hammond, P. E., compiler, 1974, Brief California, Oregon, and Washington— feasibility study (Washington), outline to volcanic stratigraphy and Sedimentary or volcanic in origin? December, 1981. guide to geology of southern Cascade Range, Washington and northern Moxham, R. M., 1970, Thermal features at THERMAL AND MINERAL WATERS – Cascade Range, Oregon—Guidebook volcanoes in the Cascade Range, as PUGET LOWLAND for geothermal field trip, June 24–29, observed by aerial infrared surveys. Griffin, W. C.; Sceva, J. E.; Swenson, H. A.; 1974. Muffler, L. J. P., 1987, Geothermal studies Mundorff, M. J., 1962, Water resources Hammond, P. E.; Bentley, R. D.; Brown, of the U.S. Geological Survey in the of the Tacoma area, Washington. J. C.; Ellingson, J. A.; Swanson, D. A., Cascade Range. THERMAL AND MINERAL WATERS – 1977, Volcanic stratigraphy and Muffler, L. J. P.; Bacon, C. R.; Duffield, SOUTHWESTERN WASHINGTON structure of the southern Cascade Range, W. A., 1982, Geothermal systems of the Korosec, M. A.; Schuster, J. E., 1980, Washington—Field trip no. 4. Cascade Range. Geothermal investigations in the Camas Hammond, P. E.; Korosec, M. A., 1983, Priest, G. R., 1987, Geothermal resource area, Washington, 1979. Progress report on the time-space- potential of Cascade volcanic arc Vice, D. H., 1980, The Pigeon Springs composition model for the Quaternary [abstract]. geothermal prospect, Cowlitz Co., volcanics of the south Cascades, Smith, J. G., 1987, New compilation Washington. Washington. geologic map of the Cascade Range in Thermal surveys, see GEOPHYSICS – Hammond, P. E.; Pedersen, S. A.; Hopkins, Washington. HEAT FLOW AND THERMAL K. D.; Aiken, Dan; Harle, D. S.; Daneš, Smith, R. L.; Shaw, H. R., 1975, Igneous SURVEYS Z. F.; Konicek, D. L.; Stricklin, C. R., related geothermal systems. 1976, Geology and gravimetry of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1995, Aerial THURSTON CO. Quaternary basaltic volcanic field, infrared surveys in the investigation of southern Cascade Range, Washington. Washington State Energy Office, 1987?, geothermal and volcanic heat sources. District heating and cooling. Hawley, D. L.; Brewster, S. B., Jr., 1982, A Wise, W. S., 1970, Cenozoic volcanism in thermal infrared survey of selected sites Tieton volcano, see YAKIMA CO. the Cascade mountains of southern in the Cascade mountain range of Tumac Mountain and Tumac plateau, see Washington. WHITE PASS AREA California, Oregon and Washington, surveyed July 1981. Wohletz, Kenneth; Heiken, Grant, 1992, Volcanology and geothermal energy. VANCOUVER, WASH. (CLARK CO.) Hazard Monthly, 1980, Geothermal energy Lienau, P. J., 1986, Status of direct heat from Cascade volcanoes. Zimbelman, D. R.; Rye, R. O., 1996, Dynamics of hydrothermal systems in an projects in western states. Heiken, Grant; Goff, F. E.; Cremer, Glenda, active stratovolcano—Mount Rainier, Lienau, P. J.; Culver, Gene; Lund, I. W., editors, 1982, Hot dry rock geothermal Washington [abstract]. 1988, Geothermal direct use resource 1980. developments in the United States, Hurwitz, Shaul; Kipp, K. L.; Ingebritsen, VOLCANISM – FUMAROLES August 1988. S. E.; Reid, M. E., 2003, Groundwater Fowler, C. S., 1935, The origin of the sulfur Lund, J. W.; Lienau, P. J.; Culver, Gene, flow, heat transport, and water table deposits of Mount Adams. 1991, The current status of geothermal position within volcanic edifices— Frank, D. G., 1995, Surficial extent and direct use development in the United Implications for volcanic processes in conceptual model of hydrothermal States update—1985–1990. the Cascade Range. system at Mount Rainier, Washington. 52 VOLCANISM – GEOLOGIC HAZARDS OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2

Frank, D. G.; Realmuto, V. J., 1995, Leakage Hyde, J. H.; Crandell, D. R., 1975, Origin Dellinger, Mark; Higbee, C. V.; Justus, from the active hydrothermal system at and age of postglacial deposits and Debra; Rafferty, Kevin; Rivenes, Roger, Mount Rainier, Washington [abstract]. assessment of potential hazards from 1982, Geothermal energy in the Kiver, E. P., 1978, Geothermal ice caves and future eruptions of Mount Baker, northwest—Site specific development fumaroles, Mount Baker volcano, 1974– Washington. analyses. 77 [abstract]. Hyde, J. H.; Crandell, D. R., 1978, Lund, J. W.; Lienau, P. J.; Culver, Gene, Kiver, E. P., 1978, Mount Baker’s changing Postglacial volcanic deposits at Mount 1991, The current status of geothermal fumaroles. Baker, Washington, and potential direct use development in the United hazards from future eruptions. States update—1985–1990. Kiver, E. P.; Snavely, J.; Snavely, D. F., 1977, Hydrogen sulfide fumes at the VOLCANISM – GEOTHERMAL Riley Engineering, Inc., 1984, Geothermal summit of Mount Rainier volcano, ICE CAVES water source, heat pump feasibility study, Washington State Penitentiary, Washington. Kiver, E. P., 1976, Washington’s geothermal Walla Walla, Washington. McLane, J. E.; Finkelman. R. B.; Larson, ice caves. Sammel, E. A., 1979, Occurrence of low- R. R., 1976, Mineralogical examination Kiver, E. P., 1978, Geothermal ice caves and temperature geothermal waters in the of particulate matter from the fumaroles fumaroles, Mount Baker volcano, 1974– United States. of Sherman Crater, Mt. Baker, 77 [abstract]. Washington [abstract]. Kiver, E. P.; Steele, W. K., 1975, Panichi, C.; La Ruffa, G., 2001, Stable Geothermally produced ice caves, WATER WELLS isotope geochemistry of fumaroles—An Mount Baker, Washington [abstract]. see also insight into volcanic surveillance. WALLA WALLA CO. THERMAL AND MINERAL Phillips, K. N., 1942, Fumaroles of Mount WATERS see also St. Helens and Mount Adams. WELL LOGS COLUMBIA BASIN Radke, L. F.; Hobbs, P. V.; Stith, J. L., 1976, PASCO BASIN Biggane, J. H., 1983, Geophysical logs from Airborne measurements of gases and water wells in the Yakima area, Darton, N. H., 1920, Geothermal data of the aerosols from volcanic vents on Mt. Washington. Baker. United States including many original Biggane, J. H.; Washington Division of Sato, Motoaki; Malone, S. D.; Moxham, determinations of underground temperature. Geology and Earth Resources staff, R. M.; McLane, J. E., 1976, Monitoring 1983, Geohydrologic studies of the Dellinger, Mark; Higbee, C. V.; Justus, of fumarolic gas at Sherman Crater, Mt. Yakima valley area, Washington. Baker, Washington [abstract]. Debra; Rafferty, Kevin; Rivenes, Roger, 1982, Geothermal energy in the Brown, J. C., 1979, Geology and water VOLCANISM – GEOLOGIC HAZARDS northwest—Site specific development resources of Klickitat County. Crandell, D. R., 1971, Postglacial lahars analyses. Brown, J. C., 1980, Stratigraphy and from Mount Rainier volcano, Lund, J. W.; Lienau, P. J.; Culver, Gene, ground-water hydrology of selected Washington. 1991, The current status of geothermal areas, Columbia plateau, Washington. Crandell, D. R., 1973, Map showing direct use development in the United Darton, N. H., 1920, Geothermal data of the potential hazards from future eruptions States update—1985–1990. United States including many original of Mount Rainier, Washington. Newcomb, R. C., 1965, Geology and determinations of underground Crandell, D. R., 1976, Preliminary ground-water resources of the Walla temperature. assessment of volcanic hazards from Walla River basin, Washington–Oregon. Derkey, P. D.; Johnson, B. R., 1995, Digital future volcanic eruptions in Washington. Riley Engineering, Inc., 1984, Geothermal maps of low- to moderate-temperature Crandell, D. R.; Mullineaux, D. R., 1978, water source, heat pump feasibility geothermal springs and wells in the Potential hazards from future eruptions study, Washington State Penitentiary, Pacific Northwest—A contribution to of Mount St. Helens volcano, Walla Walla, Washington. the Interior Columbia River Basin Ecosystem Management Project. Washington. Sammel, E. A., 1979, Occurrence of low- Crandell, D. R.; Mullineaux, D. R.; Rubin, temperature geothermal waters in the Griffin, W. C.; Sceva, J. E.; Swenson, H. A.; Meyer, 1975, Mount St. Helens United States. Mundorff, M. J., 1962, Water resources of the Tacoma area, Washington. volcano—Recent and future behavior. Van Denburgh, A. S.; Santos, J. F., 1965, Crandell, D. R.; Waldron, H. H., 1956, A Ground water in Washington—Its Korosec, M. A., 1980, Well temperature Recent volcanic mudflow of exceptional chemical and physical quality. information and locations in the State of dimensions from Mt. Rainier, Washington. WALLA WALLA, WASH. Washington. Korosec, M. A., 1982, Table of chemical (WALLA WALLA CO.) Cullen, J. M., 1978, Impact of a major analyses for thermal and mineral spring eruption of Mount Rainier on public Darton, N. H., 1920, Geothermal data of the and well waters collected in 1980 and service delivery systems in the Puyallup United States including many original 1981. determinations of underground Valley, Washington. Korosec, M. A., 1983, Surveys and temperature. Hyde, J. H., 1970, Geologic setting of geochemical analyses of thermal and Merrill Lake and evaluation of volcanic mineral springs in Washington, 1980– hazards in the Kalama River valley near 1981. Mount St. Helens, Washington. OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2 WELL LOGS 53

Korosec, M. A.; Phillips, W. M., 1982, Biggane, J. H., 1982, The low-temperature Korosec, M. A.; Kaler, K. L., 1980, Well WELLTHERM—Temperature, depth, geothermal resource and stratigraphy of temperature information and locations in and geothermal gradient data for wells portions of Yakima County, Washington. the State of Washington. in Washington State. Biggane, J. H., 1983, Geophysical logs from Korosec, M. A.; Phillips, W. M., 1982, Korosec, M. A.; Phillips, W. M.; Schuster, water wells in the Yakima area, WELLTHERM—Temperature, depth, J. E., 1982, The low temperature Washington. and geothermal gradient data for wells geothermal resources of eastern Blackwell, D. D., 1980, Heat flow and in Washington State. Washington. geothermal gradient measurements in Korosec, M. A.; Phillips, W. M.; Schuster, Korosec, M. A.; Phillips, W. M.; Schuster, Washington to 1979, and temperature- J. E., 1982, The low temperature J. E.; and others, 1983, The 1980–1982 depth data collected during 1979. geothermal resources of eastern geothermal resource assessment program Bortleson, G. C.; Cox, S. E., 1986, Washington. in Washington. Occurrence of dissolved sodium in Korosec, M. A.; Phillips, W. M.; Schuster, J. Lienau, P. J., 1992, Data acquisition for low- ground waters in basalts underlying the E., 1983, The low temperature temperature geothermal well tests and Columbia plateau, Washington. geothermal resources of eastern long-term monitoring. Brown, J. C., 1979, Geology and water Washington. Luzier, J. E., 1969, Ground-water resources of Klickitat County. Korosec, M. A.; Phillips, W. M.; Schuster, occurrence in the Goldendale area, Ertec Western, Inc., 1981, Revisions to, J. E.; and others, 1983, The 1980–1982 Klickitat County, Washington. Assessment of volcanic and geothermal geothermal resource assessment program Oregon Institute of Technology Geo-Heat activity in the Pasco Basin and vicinity; in Washington. Center, 1982, Utilization of warm well Volume I—Narrative report. Landes, Henry, 1905, Preliminary report on water, eastern Washington State. Foxworthy, B. L., 1962, Geology and the underground waters of Washington. Robinette, M. S.; Robinette, M. J.; Brown, ground-water resources of the Ahtanum Luzier, J. E., 1969, Ground-water J. C., 1977, Geophysical investigations Valley, Yakima County, Washington. occurrence in the Goldendale area, of Washington’s ground-water resources; Fugro, Inc., 1980, Assessment of volcanic Klickitat County, Washington. Annual report 1975/1976. and geothermal activity in the Pasco Newcomb, R. C., 1965, Geology and Russell, I. C., 1893, A geological Basin and vicinity; Volume I—Narrative ground-water resources of the Walla reconnoissance [sic] in central report. Walla River basin, Washington–Oregon. Washington. Gizienski, S. F.; McEuen, R. B.; Birkhahn, Newcomb, R. C., 1972, Quality of the Schuster, J. E.; Bloomquist, R. G., 1994, P. C., 1975, Regional evaluation of the ground water in basalt of the Columbia Low-temperature geothermal resources geothermal resource potential in central River group, Washington, Oregon, and of Washington. Washington State. Idaho. Schuster, J. E.; Bloomquist, R. G., 1995, Hearn, P. P.; Steinkampf, W. C.; Bortleson, Olson, H. J., 1994, Geothermal reservoir Low-temperature geothermal resources G. C.; Drost, B. W., 1985, Geochemical assessment based on slim hole drilling. of Washington [abstract]. controls on dissolved sodium in basalt Reed, M. J.; Mariner, R. H.; Brook, C. A.; Stoffel, K. L.; Korosec, M. A., 1984, Low aquifers of the Columbia plateau, Sorey, M. L., 1983, Selected data for temperature geothermal resources of the Washington. low-temperature (less than 90° C) Columbia Basin, eastern Washington. Huntting, M. T., 1975, Geothermal research geothermal systems in the United Van Denburgh, A. S.; Santos, J. F., 1965, drilling in the Steamboat Mountain– States—Reference data for U.S. Ground water in Washington—Its Lemei Rock area, Skamania County, Geological Survey Circular 892. chemical and physical quality. Washington. Robinette, M. S.; Robinette, M. J.; Brown, Vice, D. H., 1978, Tieton geothermal Huntting, M. T., 1979, Geothermal gradient J. C., 1977, Geophysical investigations prospect. measurements and drilling operations in of Washington’s ground-water resources; the Cowlitz River Valley, Mount St. Annual report 1975/1976. Waring, G. A., 1913, Geology and water Helens, and Camas areas, Washington. resources of a portion of south-central Smith, G. O., 1901, Geology and water Washington. Kent Associates, 1981, 1981 geothermal resources of a portion of Yakima drilling project for State of Washington, County, Washington. Widness, S. E., 1986, The low-temperature Department of Natural Resources, geothermal resource of the Moses Lake– Stoffel, K. L.; Widness, S. E., compilers, Division of Geology and Earth Ritzville–Connell area, east-central 1983, Fluid-temperature logs for Resources. Washington. selected wells in eastern Washington. Korosec, M. A., 1980, Well temperature Well drilling and construction, see Stoffel, K. L.; Widness, S. E., compilers, information and locations in the State of EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS – 1983, Geophysical logs of selected wells Washington. DRILLING in eastern Washington. Korosec, M. A., 1983, The 1983 temperature Taylor, G. C., Jr., 1944, Factual data WELL LOGS gradient and heat flow drilling project pertaining to wells and springs in the see also for the State of Washington. Columbia Basin Project area, THERMAL AND MINERAL Korosec, M. A.; Barnett, D. B., 1989, Washington. WATERS Geothermal resource exploration target Van Denburgh, A. S.; Santos, J. F., 1965, WATER WELLS area defined by Division drilling Ground water in Washington—Its Biggane, J. H., 1981, The low temperature projects. chemical and physical quality. geothermal resources of the Yakima region—A preliminary report. 54 WENATCHEE NATIONAL FOREST OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2

Vice, D. H., 1976, Black Diamond WHITE PASS AREA Allen, Eliot, and Associates, Inc., [no date], geothermal prospect, King Co., Clayton, G. A., 1980, Geology of White Geothermal end-use assessment guide Washington. Pass–Tumac Mountain area, for communities; Draft. Vice, D. H., 1978, Tieton geothermal Washington. Allen, Eliot, and Associates, Inc., 1981, prospect. Clayton, G. A., 1982, Pliocene and Community heat plan addendum— Widness, S. E., 1983, Low temperature Pleistocene volcanism in the White Pass Yakima, Washington heat atlas geothermal resource evaluation of the area, south Cascade Range Washington, demonstration. Moses Lake–Ritzville–Connell area, and its implications for models of Allen, Eliot, and Associates, Inc., 1984, Washington. subductions beneath the southern HEATPLAN for Grandview, Widness, S. E., 1986, The low-temperature Washington Cascades [abstract]. Washington—A study of district heating geothermal resource of the Moses Lake– Clayton, G. A., 1983, Geology of the White favorabilities. Ritzville–Connell area, east-central Pass area, south-central Cascade Range, Allen, Eliot, and Associates, Inc., 1984, Washington. Washington. HEATPLAN for Sunnyside, Washington—A study of district heating WENATCHEE NATIONAL FOREST Clayton, G. A., 1983, Pliocene and Pleistocene volcanic history of the favorabilities. Church, S. E.; Stotelmeyer, R. B., 1984, White Pass–Tumac Plateau region, Allen, Eliot, and Associates, Inc., 1984, Glacier Peak Wilderness study area, Washington. HEATPLAN for Yakima, Washington— Washington. Ellingson, J. A., 1968, Late Cenozoic A study of district heating favorabilities. Vice, D. H., 1978, Tieton geothermal volcanic geology of the White Pass– Allen, Eliot, and Associates, Inc.; prospect. Goat Rocks area, Cascade mountains, Engineering Resources, Ltd., 1984, WEST RICHLAND, WASH. Washington. Feasibility study of geothermal district (BENTON CO.) Ellingson, J. A., 1969, Geology of the Goat heating and cooling in Sunnyside, Allen, Eliot, and Associates, Inc., 1984, Rocks volcano, southern Cascade Washington. HEATPLAN for West Richland, mountains, Washington [abstract]. Barnett, D. B., 1986, The 1985 geothermal Washington—A study of district heating Ellingson, J. A., 1972, The rocks and gradient drilling project for the State of favorabilities. structure of the White Pass area, Washington. Simpson, S. J.; Allen, E. M., 1985, Washington. Barnett, D. B.; Korosec, M. A., 1986, Geothermal district heating favorability Geothermal exploratory drilling by the WHITMAN CO. studies in seven Washington cities. State of Washington in 1985. see also COLUMBIA BASIN WHATCOM CO. Biggane, J. H., 1981, The low temperature Darton, N. H., 1920, Geothermal data of the geothermal resources of the Yakima Note: Materials about Mount Baker are United States including many original region—A preliminary report. not listed here. They are listed under determinations of underground Biggane, J. H., 1982, The low-temperature MOUNT BAKER. temperature. geothermal resource and stratigraphy of see also CASCADE RANGE Landes, Henry, 1905, Preliminary report on portions of Yakima County, Washington. the underground waters of Washington. Brook, C. A; Mariner, R. H.; Mabey, D. R.; Biggane, J. H., 1983, Geophysical logs from Swanson, J. R.; Guffanti, Marianne; WIND RIVER AREA (SKAMANIA CO.) water wells in the Yakima area, Muffler, L. J. P., 1979, Hydrothermal Washington. convection systems with reservoir Berri, D. A.; Korosec, M. A., 1983, Biggane, J. H.; Washington Division of temperatures ³ 90° C. Geological and geothermal investigation of the lower Wind River valley, Geology and Earth Resources staff, Fassbender, L. L., 1982, Assessment of southwestern Washington Cascade 1983, Geohydrologic studies of the electric power conservation and supply Range Yakima valley area, Washington. resources in the Pacific Northwest; Bloomquist, R. G., 1979, Geothermal energy Volume VI, Geothermal electricity Dellinger, Mark; Higbee, C. V.; Justus, in Washington—Site data base and generation; Draft. Debra; Rafferty, Kevin; Rivenes, Roger, 1982, Geothermal energy in the development status. Fassbender, L. L., 1982, Assessment of northwest—Site specific development Ciancanelli, E. V., 1987, Geology and electric power conservation and supply analyses. geothermal resource potential of Mt. resources in the Pacific Northwest; Adams volcano, Washington. Volume VII, Geothermal space heating; Wise, W. S., 1961, The geology and Draft. mineralogy of the Wind River area, Clayton, G. A., 1980, Geology of White Washington, and the stability relations of Pass–Tumac Mountain area, Korosec, M. A., 1983, The 1983 temperature celadonite. Washington. gradient and heat flow drilling project for the State of Washington. YAKIMA CO. Clayton, G. A., 1982, Pliocene and Pleistocene volcanism in the White Pass Sanders, J. W.; Miles, M. J., 1974, Mineral see also CASCADE RANGE or area, south Cascade Range Washington, content of selected geothermal waters. COLUMBIA BASIN, as and its implications for models of appropriate. Stearns, N. D.; Stearns, H. T.; Waring, G. A., subductions beneath the southern 1937, Thermal springs in the United Allen, E. M., 1982, The effects of urban Washington Cascades [abstract]. States. land-use policies on geothermal district Clayton, G. A., 1983, Geology of the White heating feasibilities in U.S. cities. Pass area, south-central Cascade Range, Washington. OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2 YAKAMA INDIAN RESERVATION 55

Clayton, G. A., 1983, Pliocene and Hildreth, Wes; Fierstein, Judy; Miller, M. S., Sheppard, R. A., 1967, Geology of the Pleistocene volcanic history of the 1983, Mineral and geothermal resource Simcoe Mountains volcanic area, White Pass–Tumac Plateau region, potential of the Mount Adams Washington. Washington. Wilderness and contiguous roadless Sheppard, R. A., 1967, Petrology of a late Cline, D. R., 1976, Reconnaissance of the areas, Skamania and Yakima Counties, Quaternary potassium-rich andesite from water resources of the upper Klickitat Washington. Mount Adams, Washington. River basin, Yakima Indian Reservation, Hopkins, K. D., 1976, Geology of the south Simpson, S. J.; Allen, E. M., 1985, Washington. and east slopes of Mount Adams Geothermal district heating favorability Creager, Kurt, 1984, Geothermal volcano, Cascade Range, Washington. studies in seven Washington cities. development and resource management Jhaveri, A. G.; Miller, J. A., 1981, Smith, G. O., 1901, Geology and water in the Yakima Valley; A guidebook for Geothermal resources in the Yakima resources of a portion of Yakima local governments. area—Potential low temperature County, Washington. utilization. Darton, N. H., 1920, Geothermal data of the Stearns, N. D.; Stearns, H. T.; Waring, G. A., United States including many original Konicek, D. L., 1974, Geophysical survey in 1937, Thermal springs in the United determinations of underground south-central Washington. States. temperature. Korosec, M. A., compiler, 1987, Geologic Swanson, D. A., 1964, The middle and late Dellinger, Mark; Higbee, C. V.; Justus, map of the Mount Adams quadrangle, Cenozoic volcanic rocks of the Tieton Debra; Rafferty, Kevin; Rivenes, Roger, Washington. River area, south-central Washington. 1982, Geothermal energy in the Korosec, M. A.; Barnett, D. B., 1989, Swanson, D. A., 1966, Tieton volcano, a northwest—Site specific development Geothermal resource exploration target Miocene eruptive center in the southern analyses. area defined by Division drilling Cascade mountains, Washington. Ellingson, J. A., 1968, Late Cenozoic projects. Swanson, D. A., 1978, Geologic map of the volcanic geology of the White Pass– Korosec, M. A.; Phillips, W. M.; Schuster, Tieton River area, Yakima County, Goat Rocks area. Cascade mountains, J. E.; and others, 1983, The 1980–1982 south-central Washington. Washington. geothermal resource assessment program U.S. Forest Service, 1978, Gifford Pinchot Ellingson, J. A., 1969, Geology of the Goat in Washington. National Forest—Final environmental Rocks volcano, southern Cascade Landes, Henry, 1905, Preliminary report on impact statement, Upper Cispus mountains, Washington [abstract]. the underground waters of Washington. Planning Unit, land management plan. Ellingson, J. A., 1972, The rocks and Lienau, P. J., 1986, Status of direct heat U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, structure of the White Pass area, projects in western states. Aeromagnetic map of the Mt. Adams Washington. Lienau, P. J.; Culver, Gene; Lund, J. W., area, Washington. Fowler, C. S., 1935, The origin of the sulfur 1988, Geothermal direct use Van Denburgh, A. S.; Santos, J. F., 1965, deposits of Mount Adams. developments in the United States, Ground water in Washington—Its Foxworthy, B. L., 1962, Geology and August 1988. chemical and physical quality. ground-water resources of the Ahtanum Lund, J. W.; Lienau, P. J.; Culver, Gene, Vice, D. H., 1978, Tieton geothermal Valley, Yakima County, Washington. 1991, The current status of geothermal prospect. Geyer, J. D.; Kellerman, L. M.; Bloomquist, direct use development in the United Vitro Engineering Corporation, 1981, R. G., 1989, Assessment of geothermal States update—1985–1990. Geothermally assisted heat pump system resources for electric power generation Oregon Institute of Technology Geo-Heat feasibility study, Yakima Regional Post in the Pacific Northwest; Draft issue Center, 1982, Utilization of warm well Office, Yakima, Washington. paper. water, eastern Washington State. Waring, G. A., 1913, Geology and water Hammond, P. E., 1975, Preliminary geologic Oregon Institute of Technology Geo-Heat resources of a portion of south-central map and cross-sections with emphasis Utilization Center, 1980, A. C. Davis Washington. on Quaternary volcanic rocks, southern High School, Yakima, Washington. Cascade mountains, Washington. YAKAMA INDIAN RESERVATION Phillips, K. N., 1942, Fumaroles of Mount Harper, Robert, 1982, Geothermal studies St. Helens and Mount Adams. Cline, D. R., 1976, Reconnaissance of the suggest energy prospects. water resources of the upper Klickitat Rafferty, Kevin, 1984, Feasibility study for River basin, Yakima Indian Reservation, Harris, S. L., 1980, Fire and ice—The Harrah Elementary School, Harrah, Washington. Cascade volcanoes. Washington, June 1984. Waring, G. A., 1913, Geology and water Hildreth, Wes; Fierstein, Judy, 1985, Mount Rafferty, Kevin; Knipe, Ed, 1985, Some resources of a portion of south-central Adams—Eruptive history of an andesite- considerations for large water source Washington. dacite stratovolcano at the focus of a heat pumps. fundamentally basaltic volcanic field. Yakima Valley, see Russell, I. C., 1893, A geological BENTON CO. Hildreth, Wes; Fierstein, Judy, 1990, reconnoissance [sic] in central COLUMBIA BASIN Geologic map and geothermal Washington. assessment of the Mount Adams KITTITAS CO. Schuster, J. E., 1981, Geothermal energy volcanic field, Cascade Range of YAKIMA CO. potential of the Yakima valley area, southern Washington. Washington. 56 YAKIMA, WASH. (YAKIMA CO.) OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2

YAKIMA, WASH. (YAKIMA CO.) Darton, N. H., 1920, Geothermal data of the Oregon Institute of Technology Geo-Heat Allen, E. M., 1982, The effects of urban United States including many original Utilization Center, 1980, A. C. Davis land-use policies on geothermal district determinations of underground High School, Yakima, Washington. heating feasibilities in U.S. cities. temperature. Simpson, S. J.; Allen, E. M., 1985, Allen, Eliot, and Associates, Inc., 1981, Jhaveri, A. G.; Miller, J. A., 1981, Geothermal district heating favorability Community heat plan addendum— Geothermal resources in the Yakima studies in seven Washington cities. Yakima, Washington heat atlas area—Potential low temperature Vitro Engineering Corporation, 1981, demonstration. utilization. Geothermally assisted heat pump system Allen, Eliot, and Associates, Inc., 1984, Lienau, P. J., 1986, Status of direct heat feasibility study, Yakima Regional Post HEATPLAN for Yakima. Washington— projects in western states. Office, Yakima, Washington. A study of district heating favorabilities. Lienau, P. J.; Culver, Gene; Lund, J. W., 1988, Geothermal direct use developments in the United States, August 1988. Bibliography by Author

* starred en tries are NOT held by the *Allen, Eliot, and As soci ates, Inc., 1982, *Amer i can So ci ety for Test ing and Washing ton Ge ol ogy Li brary In sti tu tional and fi nan cial guide to Ma te ri als, 1992, 1992 an nual book of Ackman, T. E., see Watzlaf, G. R. [and geo ther mal dis trict heat ing: Wash ing ton ASTM standards, sec tion 12—Nu clear, other], 2007. State Energy Office Serial No. 2, so lar, and geo thermal en ergy: Amer i can WAOENG 82-03, 27 p. So ci ety for Test ing and Ma te ri als, 930 p. Ad ams, T. L., see Dragovich, J. D. [and oth ers], 2007. *Allen, Eliot, and As soci ates, Inc., 1983, An der son, D. N.; Axtell, L. H., compil ers HEATPLAN user man ual— and ed i tors, 1972, Com pen dium of first Aiken, Dan, see Hammond, P. E. [and HEATPLAN version 1.0: Wash ing ton day pa pers presented at the first oth ers], 1976. State En ergy Office WAOENG-84-18, con fer ence of the Geo ther mal Re sources Aldrich, M. J.; Laughlin, A. W.; Gambill, 152 p. Coun cil, El Centro, Cal i for nia, D. T., 1981, Geo ther mal re source base *Allen, Eliot, and As soci ates, Inc., 1984, Feb ru ary, 1972: Geo ther mal Re sources of the world—A re vi sion of the Heat plan for North Bonneville, Council, 77 p. Elec tri cal Power Re search In sti tute’s Wash ing ton: Wash ing ton State En ergy An der son, D. N.; Bowen, R. G., 1974, es ti mate: Los Alamos Sci en tific Office WAOENG-84-70, 144 p. Pro ceed ings—Work shop on Lab o ra tory LA-8801-MS, 59 p. *Allen, Eliot, and As soci ates, Inc., 1984, en vi ron men tal as pects of geo ther mal *Allen, E. M., 1982, The effects of ur ban HEATPLAN for Cheney, Washing ton— re sources de vel op ment: Cal i for nia land-use pol i cies on geo ther mal dis trict A study of district heating favorabilities: Divi sion of Oil and Gas; Or e gon heating feasibilities in U.S. cities: Eliot Wash ing ton State En ergy Of fice De part ment of Ge ol ogy and Min eral Allen and Asso ci ates, Inc. (Salem, Ore.), WAOENG-84-76, 51 p. In dus tries, 123 p. 22 p. *Allen, Eliot, and As soci ates, Inc., 1984, *An der son, D. N.; Lund, J. W., edi tors, Allen, E. M., see also HEATPLAN for Grandview, 1979, Di rect uti li za tion of geo ther mal Lund, J. W. [and oth ers], 1980. Washing ton—A study of district heat ing en ergy—A lay man’s guide: Geo ther mal Simpson, S. J. [and oth ers], 1985. favorabilities: Washing ton State Energy Re sources Coun cil Spe cial Re port 8, *Allen, Eliot, and Asso ci ates, Inc., [no Office WAOENG-84-73, 56 p. 97 p. date], Geo ther mal end-use as sess ment *Allen, Eliot, and As soci ates, Inc., 1984, *An der son, D. N.; Lund, J. W., edi tors, guide for commu ni ties; Draft: Eliot HEATPLAN for Mo ses Lake, 1979, Di rect uti li za tion of geo ther mal Allen and As soci ates, Inc. [un der Washing ton—A study of district heat ing en ergy—A tech ni cal hand book: con tract to] Washing ton State En ergy favorabilities: Washing ton State Energy Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil Spe cial Office, 1 v. Office WAOENG-84-77, 55 p. Re port 7, 1 v. *Allen, Eliot, and As soci ates, Inc., 1981, *Allen, Eliot, and As soci ates, Inc., 1984, An der son, Garth, see Dragovich, J. D. [and Com mu nity heat plan ad den dum— HEATPLAN for Richland, oth ers], 1998, 1999, 2000, 2002. Yakima, Wash ing ton heat at las Washing ton—A study of district heat ing An der son, M. L., see Dragovich, J. D. [and dem on stra tion: Wash ing ton State favorabilities: Washing ton State Energy oth ers], 2007, 2009. En ergy Office WAOENG-81-20, 47 p. Office WAOENG-84-74, 56 p. *Armstead, H. C. H., 1973, Geo ther mal *Allen, Eliot, and As soci ates, Inc., 1981, *Allen, Eliot, and As soci ates, Inc., 1984, en ergy—Re view of re search and Guide to a com munity heat plan—A HEATPLAN for Sunnyside, de vel op ment: UNESCO, 186 p. geo ther mal en ergy ap pli ca tion: Eliot Washing ton—A study of district heat ing Allen and As soci ates, Inc. [un der Armstead, H. C. H., 1978, Geo ther mal favorabilities: Washing ton State Energy en ergy—Its past, pres ent and fu ture con tract to] Washing ton State En ergy Office WAOENG-84-71, 54 p. Office, 114 p. con tri butions to the en ergy needs of *Allen, Eliot, and As soci ates, Inc., 1984, man: John Wiley and Sons, 357 p. *Allen, Eliot, and As soci ates, Inc., 1981, HEATPLAN for West Richland, *At las Cor po ra tion, 1984, Pro ceed ings— In sti tu tional and fi nan cial guide to Washing ton—A study of district heat ing geo ther mal dis trict heat ing: Eliot Allen Eighth an nual geo ther mal con fer ence favorabilities: Washing ton State Energy and work shop: Electric Power Re search and As so ci ates, Inc. [un der con tract to] Office WAOENG-84-75, 49 p. U.S. De part ment of En ergy and EG&G In sti tute EPRI AP-3686, 1 v. Idaho, Inc., 49 p. *Allen, Eliot, and As soci ates, Inc., 1984, *Aus tin, A. L.; House, P. A., 1978, New HEATPLAN for Yakima, Washing ton— con cepts for con vert ing the en ergy in *Allen, Eliot, and As soci ates, Inc., 1981, A study of district heating favorabilities: In ven tory of Wash ing ton in dus tries with low- to me dium-tem per a ture liq uids, Wash ing ton State En ergy Of fice with em pha sis on geo ther mal geo ther mal di rect-use po ten tial: Eliot WAOENG-84-72,63 p. Allen and As soci ates, Inc. [un der ap pli ca tions: Law rence Livermore con tract to] Washing ton State En ergy *Allen, Eliot, and As soci ates, Inc., 1985, Lab o ra tory UCRL-52583, 13 p. Office, 20 p. En vi ron men tal as sess ment of geo ther mal Ba con, C. R., 1980, Goals are set for district heat ing and cool ing, Phase 1 in *Allen, Eliot, and As soci ates, Inc., 1982, research in Cascades: Geotimes, v. 25, North Bonneville, Washing ton: Eliot no. 8, p. 16-18. Guide to a geo ther mal heat plan— Allen and Asso ci ates, Inc. (Salem, Ore.), A geo ther mal en ergy ap pli ca tion: 128 p. Ba con, C. R., see also Muffler, L. J. P. [and Wash ing ton State En ergy Of fice Se rial others], 1982. No. 3, WAOENG-82-04, 35 p. *Allen, Eliot, and Asso ci ates, Inc.; En gi neer ing Re sources, Ltd., 1984, Ballard, T. M., see Bockheim, J. G. [and *Allen, Eliot, and As soci ates, Inc., 1982, Fea si bil ity study of geo ther mal dis trict others], 1975. Guide to fi nanc ing small-scale heat ing and cool ing in Sunnyside, geo ther mal en ergy pro jects: Or e gon Wash ing ton: Wash ing ton State En ergy De part ment of En ergy, 28 p. Office WAOENG-85-22, 1 v. Allman, D. W., see Beer, Chris tine [and oth ers], 1984.

57 58 Banks OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2

Banks, N. G.; Bennett, C. A.; Schmidt, Basescu, Neil, see Bloomquist, R. G. [and Berry, G. W.; Grim, P. J.; Ikelman, J. A., J. M., 1978, Maps of photo lineaments others], 1980. compilers, 1980, Thermal springs list for and geomorphic features in the Spirit *Batdorf, J. A.; Simmons, G. M., 1984, the United States—National Oceanic Lake quadrangle, Washington: U.S. Optimization of design and control and Atmospheric Administration key to Geological Survey Open-File Report 78- strategies for geothermal space heating geophysical records documentation 505, 2 sheets, scale 1:48,000. systems: U.S. Department of Energy no. 12: U.S. National Oceanic and Banks, N. G., see also Ryan, M. P. [and DOE/ID/12167-T2, 89 p. Atmospheric Administration, National others], 1990. Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Bates, R. G., 1973, Bert Cole—Geothermal Center, 59 p., 3 plates. Barbier, Enrico, editor, 1978, Proceedings interview: Geothermal Energy, v. 1, of the ENEL-ERDA workshop on no. 4, p. 52-56. Berryhill, I. M., 1975, Geothermal energy— geothermal resource assessment and A developing resource for Washington: Battocletti, Liz, 2003, Geothermal small Pacific Search, v. 10, no. 2, p. 14-15. reservoir engineering, held at Larderello, business workbook: Bob Lawrence & Italy, 12–16 September 1977: Pergamon Associates, Inc., 123 p. [http://www. Biggane, J. H., 1981, The low temperature Press, 268 p. geothermal-biz.com/GSBW.pdf] geothermal resources of the Yakima region—A preliminary report: Barbier, Enrico; Fanelli, Mario, 1973, Battocletti, Liz, 2005, An introduction to Overview of geothermal exploration and Washington Division of Geology and geothermal permitting: Bob Lawrence Earth Resources Open File Report 81-7, development in the world: Instituto and Associates, Inc., 31 p. Internazionale per le Ricerche 39 p. Geotermiche (Pisa, Italy), 22 p. *Beer, Christine; Hederman, W. F., Jr.; Biggane, J. H., 1981, The low temperature Allman, D. W., 1984, Resource geothermal resource of the Yakima Barker, L. M.; Green, S. J.; Maurer, W. C.; development—System design, DeVries, L. K., 1976, Annual report on region—A preliminary report: construction and operation for Washington State University College of the project to design and experimentally geothermal direct use applications: test an improved geothermal drill bit: Engineering Research Report 81/15-27, EG&G Idaho, Inc. [under contract to] 1 v. Terra Tek, Inc. [under contract to] U.S. U.S. Department of Energy Idaho Department of Energy, Energy Research Operations Office DOE/ET/ 12099-4, Biggane, J. H., 1982, The low temperature and Development Administration TID- 152 p. geothermal resource and stratigraphy of 28684, 36 p. portions of Yakima County, Beeson, M. H., 1981, Hydrothermal Washington: Washington Division of Barnes, D. J., see Church, S. E. [and others], alteration in the Cascades. In Duffield, 1984. Geology and Earth Resources Open File W. A.; Guffanti, Marianne, The Report 82-6, 128 p., 4 plates. Barnes, Ivan; Johnston, D. A.; Evans, W. C.; geothermal research program of the U.S. Presser, T. S.; Mariner, R. H.; White, Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Biggane, J. H., 1982, The low temperature L. D., 1981, Properties of gases and Survey Open-File Report 81-564, p. 48- geothermal resource and stratigraphy of waters of deep origin near Mount St. 49. portions of Yakima County, Helens. In Lipman, P. W.; Mullineaux, Washington: Washington State Bender, V. R., see Hopson, C. A. [and University College of Engineering D. R., editors, The 1980 eruptions of others], 1962. Mount St. Helens, Washington: U.S. Research Report 82/15-7, 126 p., Geological Survey Professional Paper Bennett, C. A., see Banks, N. G. [and 4 plates. 1250, p. 233-237. others], 1978. Biggane, J. H., 1983, Geophysical logs from Barnett, D. B., 1986, The 1985 geothermal Benson, L. V., 1978, Secondary minerals, water wells in the Yakima area, gradient drilling project for the State of oxidation potentials, pressure and Washington: U.S. Department of Energy Washington: Washington Division of temperature gradients in the Pasco Basin Office of Scientific and Technical Geology and Earth Resources Open File of Washington State: Rockwell Hanford Information DOE/ET/27014-T15, 50 p. Report 86-2, 34 p. Operations RHO-BWI-C-34; Lawrence Biggane, J. H., 1983, Geophysical logs from Berkeley Laboratory Topical Report 1, water wells in the Yakima area, Barnett, D. B., 1989, Geothermal drilling by 21 p. the State of Washington in 1988: Washington: Washington Division of Washington Geologic Newsletter, v. 17, Bentley, R. D., see Hammond, P. E. [and Geology and Earth Resources Open File no. 1, p. 33-34. others], 1977. Report 83-2, 50 p. Barnett, D. B.; Korosec, M. A., 1986, Berri, D. A.; Korosec, M. A., 1983, Biggane, J. 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Biggane, J. H.; Washington Division of Blackwell, D. D., 1980, Heat flow and Blackwell, D. D.; Steele, J. L.; Carter, L. S., Geology and Earth Resources staff, geothermal gradient measurements in 1991, Heat-flow patterns of the North 1983, Geohydrologic studies of the Washington through 1979. In Korosec, American continent—A discussion of Yakima valley area, Washington. In M. A.; Schuster, J. E.; and others, The the Geothermal Map of North America. Korosec, M. A.; Phillips. W. M.; 1979–1980 geothermal resource In Slemmons, D. B.; Engdahl, E. R.; Schuster. J. E.; and others, The 1980– assessment program in Washington: Zoback, M. D.; Blackwell, D. D., 1982 geothermal resource assessment Washington Division of Geology and editors, Neotectonics of North America: program in Washington: Washington Earth Resources Open File Report 81-3, Geological Society of America DNAG Division of Geology and Earth p. 7-40. Decade Map Volume 1, p. 423-436. Resources Open File Report 83-7, Blackwell, D. 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Bloomquist, R. G., 1979, Geothermal Bloomquist, R. G., 1985, A review and Bloomquist, R. G.; Black, G. L.; Parker, energy in Washington—Site data base analysis of the adequacy of the legal and D. S.; Sifford, A.; Simpson, S. J.; Street, and development status: Oregon Institute institutional framework for geothermal L. V., 1985, Evaluation and ranking of of Technology Geo-Heat Utilization development in Washington State: geothermal resources for electrical Center, 192 p. Washington State Energy Office generation or electrical offset in Idaho, Bloomquist, R. G., 1979, Utilization of WAOENG-85-47, 48 p. Montana, Oregon, and Washington: Washington’s geothermal energy *Bloomquist, R. G., 1986, A review and Washington State Energy Office resources: Washington State Energy analysis of the adequacy of the U.S. WAOENG-85-02; U.S. Bonneville Office Newsletter, v. 2, no. 4, p. 8-9. legal, institutional and financial Power Administration DOE/BP-13609, 3 v. Bloomquist, R. 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Crandell, D. R.; Mullineaux, D. R.; Miller, Crowder, D. F., see also Tabor, R. W. [and Daneš, Z. F., 1980, Regional gravity survey R. D.; Rubin, Meyer, 1962, Pyroclastic others], 1969. of the southern Cascades, Washington. deposits of recent age at Mount Rainier, Cul len, J. M., 1978, Impact of a major In Korosec, M. A.; Schuster, J. E.; and Washington. In Geological Survey eruption of Mount Rainier on public others, The 1979–1980 geothermal Research 1962—Short papers in service delivery systems in the Puyallup resource assessment program in geology, hydrology, and topography, Valley, Washington: University of Washington: Washington Division of Articles 120–179: U.S. Geological Washington Master of Urban Planning Geology and Earth Resources Open File Survey Professional Paper 450-D, p. 64- thesis, 203 p. Report 81-3, p. 93-99. 68. Culver, Gene, 1976, Optimization of Daneš, Z. F., 1981, Geophysical studies on Crandell, D. R.; Mullineaux, D. 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*DiPippo, Ronald, 1999, Small geothermal Dragovich, J. D.; Gilbertson, L. A.; Lingley, Dragovich, J. D.; Norman, D. K.; Haugerud, power plants—Design, performance and W. S., Jr.; Polenz, Michael; Glenn, R. A.; Miller, R. B., 1997, Geologic map economics: Geo-Heat Center Quarterly Jennifer, 2002, Geologic map of the and bedrock history of the Gilbert 7.5- Bulletin, v. 20, no. 2, p. 1-8. Fortson 7.5-minute quadrangle, Skagit minute quadrangle, Chelan and [http://geoheat.oit.edu/bulletin/bull20-2/ and Snohomish Counties, Washington: Okanogan Counties, Washington; art1.pdf] Washington Division of Geology and Geochronology, by W. C. McClelland DiPippo, Ronald, 2008, Geothermal power Earth Resources Open File Report 2002- and P. Renne: Washington Division of plants—Principles, applications, case 6, 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000. [http://www. 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Washington Division of Geology and Geology and Earth Resources Open File Earth Resources Open File Report 2002- Report 97-2, 39 p., 3 plates, scale DiPippo, Ronald, see also Kestin, Joseph 5, 34 p., 2 plates, scale 1:24,000. 1:24,000. [http://www.dnr.wa.gov/ [and others], 1980. [http://www.dnr.wa.gov/Publications/ Publications/ger_ofr97-2_geol_map_ Donaldson, I. G., see Grant, M. A. [and ger_ofr2002-5_geol_map_utsalady_ kendall_deming_24k.zip] others], 1982. conway_24k.zip] Dragovich, J. D.; Norman, D. K.; Lapen, *Doyle, P. T.; Silvester, L. F., 1986?, Dragovich, J. D.; Grisamer, C. L., 1998, T. J.; Anderson, Garth, 1999, Geologic Analysis of field performance data on Quaternary stratigraphy, cross sections, map of the Sedro-Woolley North and shell-and-tube heat exchangers in and general geohydrologic potential of Lyman 7.5-minute quadrangles, western geothermal service: Lawrence Berkeley the Bow and Alger 7.5-minute Skagit County, Washington: Washington Laboratory LBL-14160 Revised, 36 p. quadrangles, western Skagit County, Division of Geology and Earth Dragovich, J. D.; Anderson, M. L.; Walsh, Washington: Washington Division of Resources Open File Report 99-3, 37 p., T. J.; Johnson, B. L.; Adams, T. L., Geology and Earth Resources Open File 4 plates, scale 1:24,000. [http://www. 2007, Geologic map of the Fall City 7.5- Report 98-8, 29 p., 6 plates, scale dnr.wa.gov/Publications/ger_ofr99-3_ minute quadrangle, King County, 1:24,000. [http://www.dnr.wa.gov/ geol_map_sedrowoolleyn_lyman_ Washington: Washington Division of Publications/ger_ofr98-8_quat_strat_ 24k.zip] Geology and Earth Resources Geologic bow_alger.zip] Dragovich, J. D.; Petro, G. T.; Thorsen, Map GM-67, 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000. Dragovich, J. D.; Logan, R. L.; Schasse, G. W.; Larson, S. L.; Foster, G. R.; [http://www.dnr.wa.gov/Publications/ H. W.; Walsh, T. J.; Lingley, W. S., Jr.; Norman, D. K., 2005, Geologic map of ger_gm67_geol_map_fallcity_24k.zip] Norman, D. K.; Gerstel, W. J.; Lapen, the Oak Harbor, Crescent Harbor, and Dragovich, J. D.; DeOme, A. J., 2006, T. J.; Schuster, J. E.; Meyers, K. D., part of the Smith Island 7.5-minute Geologic map of the McMurray 7.5- 2002, Geologic map of Washington— quadrangles, Island County, minute quadrangle, Skagit and Northwest quadrant: Washington Washington: Washington Division of Snohomish Counties, Washington, with Division of Geology and Earth Geology and Earth Resources Geologic a discussion of the evidence for Resources Geologic Map GM-50, 3 Map GM-59, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000. Holocene activity on the Darrington– sheets, scale 1:250,000, with 72 p. text. [http://www.dnr.wa.gov/Publications/ Devils Mountain fault zone: Washington Dragovich, J. D.; Norman, D. K., compilers, ger_gm59_geol_map_oakharbor_ Division of Geology and Earth 1995, Geologic map of the west half of crescentharbor_24k.zip] Resources Geologic Map GM-61, the Twisp 1:100,000 quadrangle, Dragovich, J. D.; Stanton, B. W.; Lingley, 1 sheet, scale 1:30,000, with 18 p. text. Washington: Washington Division of W. S., Jr.; Griesel, G. 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Dragovich, J. D.; Troost, M. L.; Norman, EG&G Idaho, Inc., 1981, Case studies of *Ellis, P. F., II, 1985, Companion study D. K.; Anderson, Garth; Cass, Jason; low-to-moderate temperature guide to short course on geothermal Gilbertson, L. A.; McKay, D. T., Jr., hydrothermal energy development: corrosion and mitigation in low 2000, Geologic map of the Anacortes Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory; Idaho temperature geothermal heating South and La Conner 7.5-minute National Engineering Laboratory IDO- systems: Oregon Institute of Technology quadrangles, Skagit and Island Counties, 10098, 116 p. Geo-Heat Center, 25 p. Washington: Washington Division of *EG&G Idaho, Inc.; Lawrence Berkeley Ellis, P. F., II, see also DiPippo, Ronald Geology and Earth Resources Open File Laboratory, 1982, Low-to-moderate [and others], 1990. Report 2000-6, 4 sheets, scale 1:24,000. temperature hydrothermal reservoir [http://www.dnr.wa.gov/Publications/ Enderlin, W. I., see Davis, A. E. 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Washing ton, with a discus sion of major Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 8, no. 6, p. 849. *En ergy De sign Up date, 2001, New heat faults, folds, and bas ins in the map area: pump will tap Btus in municipal water: Washington Division of Geology and Edelstein, R. H., see Blair, P. D. [and Energy Design Update, v. 21, no. 3, Earth Resources Geologic Map GM-73, others], 1982. p. 6. 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000. [http://www.dnr. Ed wards, L. M.; Chilingar, G. V.; Rieke, H. En gi neer ing Re sources, Ltd., see Allen, wa.gov/Publications/ger_gm73_geol_ H., III; Fertl, W. H., editors, 1982, Eliot, and Associates, Inc. [and others], map_northbend_24k.zip] Handbook of geothermal energy: Gulf 1984. Dragovich, J. D.; Wolfe, M. W.; Stanton, Publishing Co., 613 p. Ertec Western, Inc., 1981, Revisions to, B. W.; Norman, D. K., 2004, Geologic *Eichelberger, L., 1980, Cascade Range, Assessment of volcanic and geothermal map of the Stimson Hill 7.5-minute Washington and Oregon—General case. activity in the Pasco Basin and vicinity; quadrangle, Skagit and Snohomish In Cremer, G. M.; Duffield, R. B.; Volume I—Narrative report: Ertec Counties, Washington: Washington Smith, M. C.; Wilson M. G., compilers Western, Inc. [under contract to] Division of Geology and Earth and editors, Hot dry rock geothermal Rockwell Hanford Operations, 1 v. Resources Open File Report 2004-9, 1 energy development program, annual sheet, scale 1:24,000. [http://www.dnr. report fiscal year 1979: Los Alamos Ev ans, W. C., see wa.gov/Publications/ger_ofr2004-9_ Scientific Laboratory LA-8280-HDR, Barnes, Ivan [and oth ers], 1981. geol_map_stimsonhill_24k.pdf] p. 191-192. Ingebritsen, S. E [and others], 2003. Mar i ner, R. H. [and oth ers], 1982, 1989, Dragovich, J. D., see also Polenz, Michael Eisenberg, R. A., see Leffel, C. S., Jr. [and 1990, 1993, 2003. [and oth ers], 2005. others], 1977. *Fahys-Smith, Virginia; Wonstolen, K. A., Drost, B. W., see Hearn, P. P. [and others], *Elec tric Power Re search In sti tute, 1987, 1981, Guidebook to water source heat 1985. Proceedings; Tenth annual geothermal pumps; A review of system technology, Duffield, W. A., 1983, Geologic framework conference and workshop: Electric cost effectiveness, and state policy for geothermal energy in the Cascade Power Research Institute, 1 v. concerns: National Conference of State Range: Geothermal Resources Council Ellingson, J. A., 1968, Late Cenozoic Legislatures (Denver, Colo.), 22 p. Transactions, v. 7, p. 243-246. volcanic geology of the White Pass– Fairbank, B. D., see Britton, J. M. [and Duffield, W. A.; Guffanti, Marianne, 1981, Goat Rocks area, Cascade mountains, others], 1984. The geothermal research program of Washington: Washington State Fanelli, Mario, see the U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. University Doctor of Philosophy thesis, Barbier, Enrico [and oth ers], 1973. Geological Survey Open-File Report 112 p. Dick son, M. H. [and other], 1990. 81-564, 108 p. Ellingson, J. A., 1969, Geology of the Goat Farhar, B. C.; Heimiller, D. M., 2003, Duffield, W. A.; Sass, J. H., 2003, Rocks volcano, southern Cascade Opportunities for near-term geothermal Geothermal energy—Clean power from mountains, Washington [abstract]: development on public lands in the the Earth’s heat: U.S. Geological Survey Geological Society of America Abstracts western United States: U.S. Department Circular 1249, 36 p. [http://pubs.usgs. with Programs for 1969, Part 3, p. 15. of Energy, National Renewable Energy gov/circ/2004/c1249/] Ellingson, J. A., 1972, The rocks and Laboratory, 1 DVD. [http://www.nrel. Duffield, W. A., see also Muffler, L. J. 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Fassbender, L. L., 1982, Assessment of Fornes, A. O., 1981, Direct-use geothermal Frank, D. G., 1995, Surficial extent and electric power conservation and supply district heating project in the U.S.—A conceptual model of hydrothermal resources in the Pacific Northwest; summary: Oregon Institute of system at Mount Rainier, Washington: Volume VII, Geothermal space heating; Technology Geo-Heat Center Quarterly Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Draft: Battelle Pacific Northwest Bulletin, v. 6, no. 3, p. 3-6. Research, v. 65, no. 1-2, p. 51-80. Laboratories, 35 p. Forster, C., see Britton, J. M. [and others], Frank, D. G., 2000, Hydrothermal indicators Fecht, K. R., see Schuster, J. E. [and others], 1984. in streams and springs at Mount Rainier 1997. Fos ter, G. R., see Dragovich, J. D. [and [abstract]: Washington Geology, v. 28, Fertl, W. H., see Edwards. L. M. [and others], 2005. no. 1/2, p. 24. [http://www.dnr.wa.gov/ others], 1982. Publications/ger_washington_geology_ Fournier, R. O., chairperson, 1976, Second 2000_v28_no1-2.pdf] Fierstein, Judy, see Hildreth, Wes [and United Nations symposium on the others], 1983, 1985, 1990. development and use of geothermal Frank, D. G.; Krimmel, R. M., 1978, Mount Baker thermal activity continues— Finkelman, R. B., see McLane, J. E. [and resources; Proceedings: U.S. Government Printing Office, 3 v. Visual observations, April 1976 to others], 1976. August 1977 [abstract]: Eos (American Finn, C. A., 1985, Gravity and magnetic Fournier, R. O., 1989, Maximum depths of Geophysical Union Transactions), v. 59, studies in the Cascade Range. In earthquakes as an aid in evaluating no. 4, p. 236. Guffanti, Marianne; Muffler, L. J. P., convective and conductive heat fluxes from the Cascade province and adjacent Frank, D. G.; Krimmel, R. M., 1980, editors, Proceedings of the workshop on Progress report on chemical monitoring geothermal resources of the Cascade regions. In Muffler, L. J. P.; Weaver, C. S.; Blackwell, D. D., editors, of the subglacial stream draining Range: U.S. Geological Survey Open- Sherman Crater, Mount Baker, File Report 85-521, p. 56-58. Proceedings of workshop XLIV— Geological, geophysical, and tectonic Washington [abstract]: Eos (American Finn, C. A.; Williams, D. L., 1983, Gravity setting of the Cascade Range: U.S. Geophysical Union Transactions), v. 61, studies in the Cascade Range: Geological Survey Open-File Report 89- no. 6, p. 69. Geothermal Resources Council 178, p. 171-198. Frank, D. G.; Meier, M. F.; Swanson, D. A.; Transactions, v. 7, p. 247-251. Fournier, R. O; Truesdell, A. H., 1974, and others, 1977, Assessment of Fisher, Kevin, 1985, Marketing geothermal Geochemical indicators of subsurface increased thermal activity at Mount district heating: Oregon Institute of temperature—Part 2, Estimation of Baker, Washington, March 1975–March Technology Geo-Heat Center Quarterly temperature and fraction of hot water 1976: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin, v. 9, no. 1, p. 6-7. mixed with cold water: U.S. Geological Professional Paper 1022-A, 49 p. Fiske, R. S., 1960, Stratigraphy and Survey Journal of Research, v. 2, no. 3, Frank, D. G.; Post, A. S., 1976, structure of lower and middle Tertiary p. 263-270. Documentation of thermal changes by rocks, Mount Rainier National Park, Fournier, R. O.; White, D. E.; Truesdell, photographs of snow and ice features at Washington: Johns Hopkins University A. H., 1974, Geochemical indicators of Mount Baker, Washington [abstract]: Doctor of Philosophy thesis. 163 p., subsurface temperature—Part 1, Basic Eos (American Geophysical Union 1 plate, scale 1:62,500. assumptions: U.S. Geological Survey Transactions), v. 57, no. 2, p. 87. Fiske, R. S.; Hopson, C. A.; Waters, A. C., Journal of Research, v. 2, no. 3, p. 259- Frank, D. G.; Post, A. S., 1976, 1963, Geology of Mount Rainier 262. Hydrothermal activity at Mount Baker, National Park, Washington: U.S. Fowler, C. S., 1935, The origin of the sulfur Washington [abstract]: U.S. Geological Geological Survey Professional Paper deposits of Mount Adams: State College Survey Professional Paper 1000, p. 170- 444, 93 p., 1 plate. of Washington Master of Science thesis, 171. *Fjarrvarmebyran i Vasteras AB, 1986, 23 p. Frank, D. G.; Post, A. S.; Friedman, J. D., IEA district heating—Cost analysis of Foxworthy, B. L., 1962, Geology and 1975, Recurrent geothermally induced district heating networks: National groundwater resources of the Ahtanum debris avalanches on Boulder Glacier, Energy Administration (Stockholm, Valley, Yakima County, Washington: Mount Baker, Washington: U.S. Sweden), 17 p. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Geological Survey Journal of Research, Forcella, L. S., 1982, Geochemistry of Paper 1598, 100 p., 3 plates. v. 3, no. 1, p. 77-87. thermal and mineral waters in the Frank, D. G., 1975, Subglacial transfer of Frank, D. G.; Realmuto, V. J., 1995, Cascade mountains of western North geothermal fluids in Boulder Glacier, Leakage from the active hydrothermal America: Ground Water, v. 20, no. 1, Washington [abstract]: Eos (American system at Mount Rainier, Washington p. 39-47. Geophysical Union Transactions), v. 56, [abstract]: Eos (American Geophysical Ford, A. B., 1957, Petrology of the Sulphur no. 8, p. 532. Union Transactions), v. 76, no. 46, Supplement, p. F644-F645. Mountain area, Glacier Peak quadrangle, Frank, D. G., 1980, Hydrothermal alteration Washington: University of Washington at Mount Baker, Washington [abstract]: Frank, D. G., see also Master of Science thesis, 103 p., 2 U.S. Geological Survey Professional Dethier, D. P. [and oth ers], 1981. plates. Paper 1175, p. 198. Friedman, J. D. [and other], 1975. Ford, A. B., 1959, Geology and petrology of Friedman, J. D. [and others], 1974, Frank, D. G., 1985, Hydrothermal processes 1977, 1980, 1981, 1984, 1991. the Glacier Peak quadrangle, northern at Mount Rainier, Washington: Cascades, Washington: University of Kieffer, H. H. [and other], 1980. University of Washington Doctor of Kieffer, H. H. [and oth ers], 1980, Washington Doctor of Philosophy Philosophy thesis, 195 p. thesis, 2 v., 374 p., 3 plates. 1984. Frank, D. G., 1986, Hydrothermal processes Malone, S. D. [and oth ers], 1975. Ford, A. B., see also Crowder, D. F. [and at Mount Rainier, Washington others], 1966. [abstract]: Dissertation Abstracts International, v. 46, no. 7, Section B, p. 2236-B. 68 Fra ser OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2

Fra ser, D. C., 1983, Airborne Fried man, J. D.; Realmuto, V. J.; Frank, Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1977, electromagnetic surveys of the Cascade D. G., 1991, Comparison of thermal Geothermal—State of the art: Range, western United States; with a features of Cordilleran volcanoes using Geothermal Resources Council preface by D. B. Hoover: U.S. airborne sensing systems, with special Transactions, v. 1, 310 p. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83- reference to Mount St. Helens, WA *Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1978, 92, 64 p., 30 plates. [abstract]: Geological Society of Direct utilization of geothermal Free man and As so ci ates, see SRI America Abstracts with Programs, v. 23, energy—A symposium: Geothermal International [and others], 1980. no. 2, p. 26. Resources Council [under contract to] Fretwell, M. O., 1976, Water quality Fried man, J. D.; Realmuto, V. J.; Frank, D. U.S. Department of Energy CONF- sampling and analysis activities related G., 1991, Comparison of thermal 780133, 145 p. to Mount Baker’s recent volcanic features of Cordilleran volcanoes using Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1978, activity: Eos (American Geophysical airborne sensing systems, with special Geothermal energy—A novelty Union Transactions), v. 57, no. 2, p. 89. reference to Mount St. Helens, WA becomes resource: Geothermal [abstract]: Seismological Research Resources Council Transactions, v. 2, 2 Fried man, J. D., 1972, Aerial thermal Letters, v. 62, no. 1, p. 26. surveillance of volcanoes of the Cascade v. Range, Washington, Oregon, and Fried man, J. D., see also Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1979, northern California [abstract]: Eos Frank, D. G. [and oth ers], 1975. Expanding the geothermal frontier: (American Geophysical Union Kieffer, H. H. [and oth ers], 1980, 1984. Geothermal Resources Council Transactions), v. 53, no. 4, p. 533. Fugro, Inc., 1980, Assessment of volcanic Transactions, v. 3, 808 p. Fried man, J. D., 1974, Thermal surveillance and geothermal activity in the Pasco Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1979, of Cascade Range volcanoes [abstract]: Basin and vicinity; Volume I—Narrative Geophysical exploration methods for U.S. Geological Survey Professional report: Rockwell Hanford Operations geothermal resources—Technical Paper 900, p. 225. RSD BWI-TI-001, 1 v., 8 plates. Training Course no. 1, June 4–6, 1979, Fried man, J. D., 1982, Thermal energy at Fugro, Inc., 1980, Assessment of volcanic Pacific Grove, California: Geothermal Mount St. Helens [abstract]: U.S. and geothermal activity in the Pasco Resources Council Technical Training Geological Survey Professional Paper Basin and vicinity; Volume II— Course 1, 1 v. 1275, p. 262-263. Bibliography: Rockwell Hanford *Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1980, Operations RSD-BWI-TI-001, 1 v. Fried man, J. D.; Frank, D. G., 1974, Basic geology for the exploration of Thermal activity at Mount Baker *Gagliano, Troy, 2003, Geothermal geothermal resources, July 21–23, 1980, volcano, Washington [abstract]: Eos energy—A primer on state policies and Klamath Falls, Oregon: Geothermal (American Geophysical Union technology: National Conference of Resources Council Technical Training Transactions), v. 55, no. 4, p. 488. State Legislators, 12 p., 1 map. Course 5, 1 v. Fried man, J. D.; Frank, D. G., 1977, Gambill, D. T., see Aldrich, M. J. [and *Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1980, Thermal surveillance of active volcanoes others], 1981. Geochemical fundamentals for using the LANDSAT-1 data collection Geo-Heat Center , 2004, Geothermal direct- geothermal exploration and reservoir system; Part III, Heat discharge from use case studies II: Geo-Heat Center evaluation, presented November 5–7, Mount St. Helens, Washington: U.S. Quarterly Bulletin, v. 25, no. 1, 22 p. 1980, Reno, Nevada: Geothermal Geological Survey Open-File Report 77- [http://geoheat.oit.edu/bulletin/bull25-1/ Resources Council Technical Training 541, 30 p. bull25-1-all.pdf] Course 6, 1 v. Fried man, J. D.; Frank, D. G., 1980, Geo-Heat Center , 2004, Washington Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1980, Infrared surveys, radiant flux, and total geothermal publications list for Geothermal—Energy for the eighties: heat discharge at Mount Baker volcano, Geopowering the West: Geo-Heat Geothermal Resources Council Washington, between 1970 and 1975: Center, 6 p. Transactions, v. 4, 834 p. U.S. Geological Survey Professional *Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1974, *Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1981, Paper 1022-D, 33 p. Geothermal regulations—Papers Geothermal energy—The international Fried man, J. D.; Frank, D. G., 1981, Aerial presented in conjunction with Special success story: Geothermal Resources infrared mapping of thermal activity at Short Course no. 2, 23–24 May 1974, Council Transactions, v. 5, 749 p. Cascade Range volcanoes [abstract]: Eos South San Francisco, California: Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1981, (American Geophysical Union Geothermal Resources Council Special Geothermal potential of the Cascade Transactions), v. 62, no. 5, p. 62. Study Guide 2, 1 v. mountain range—Exploration and Fried man, J. D.; Frank, D. G.; Kieffer, Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1975, development: Geothermal Resources H. H.; Sawatzky, D. L., 1981, Thermal Financial aspects of geothermal resource Council Special Report 10, 79 p. infrared surveys of the May 18 crater, development—Special Short Course Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1981, subsequent lava domes, and associated no. 3, 23–24 October 1975, San Symposium on the geothermal potential volcanic deposits. In Lipman, P. W.; Francisco, California: Geothermal of the Cascade mountain range, 19–22 Mullineaux, D. R., editors, The 1980 Resources Council Special Study Guide May 1981, Portland, Oregon; Program eruptions of Mount St. Helens, 3, 138 p. with abstracts: Geothermal Resources Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1976, Council, 16 p. Professional Paper 1250, p. 279-293. Proceedings—State–Federal geothermal Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1982, Fried man, J. D.; Olhoeft, G. R.; Johnson, regulatory interface workshop, 17–19 Geothermal energy—Turn on the G. R.; Frank, D. G., 1984, Thermal November 1976, Asilomar, California: power!: Geothermal Resources Council energy yield of Mt. St. Helens [abstract]: Geothermal Resources Council; Transactions, v. 6, 546 p. U.S. Geological Survey Professional California Energy Resources Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1983, Paper 1375, p. 263. Conservation and Development Geothermal resources—Energy on tap!: Commission, 79 p. Geothermal Resources Council Transactions, v. 7, 627 p. OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2 Guffanti 69

*Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1984, Gerstel, W. J., see also Green, S. J., see Barker, L. M. [and others], Geothermal energy—Bet on it!: Derkey, R. E. [and oth ers], 1998. 1976. Geothermal Resources Council Dragovich, J. D. [and others], 2002. Greene, G. W., see Sass, J. H. [and others], Transactions, v. 8, 537 p. Lingley, W. S., Jr. [and others], 1996. 1968, 1971. *Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1985, Geyer, J. D.; Kellerman, L. M.; Bloomquist, Gresens, R. L., see Campbell, K. V. [and 1985 international symposium on R. G., 1989, Assessment of geothermal others], 1970. geothermal energy: Geothermal resources for electric power generation Resources Council Transactions, v. 9, in the Pacific Northwest; Draft issue Griesel, G. A., see Dragovich, J. D. [and 2 v., 1166 p. paper: Northwest Power Planning others], 2003. *Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1986, Council Staff Issue Paper 89-36, 45 p. Grif fin, W. C.; Sceva, J. E.; Swenson, Geothermal energy—A milestone year: Geyer, J. D., see also Bloomquist, R. G. H. A.; Mundorff, M. J., 1962, Water Geothermal Resources Council [and others], 1987, 1989. resources of the Tacoma area, Transactions, v. 10, 499 p. Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Gilbertson, L. A., see Dragovich, J. D. [and Water-Supply Paper 1499-B, 101 p., 4 *Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1987, others], 2000, 2002. plates. Building for the future: Geothermal Gillespie, B. A., see Hooper, P. R. [and Grim, P. J., see Berry, G. W. [and others], Resources Council Transactions, v. 11, other], 1996. 641 p. 1980. Ginsberg, I. W., 1982, Thermal infrared Grisamer, C. L., see Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1988, New imagery of the Cascade Range horizons: Geothermal Resources Dragovich, J. D. [and other], 1998. volcanics. In Martin, R. C.; Davis, J. F., Dragovich, J. D. [and oth ers], 1998. Council Transactions, v. 12, 499 p. Status of volcanic prediction and *Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1989, emergency response capabilities in Grose, L. T., 1971, Geothermal energy— The Geysers—Three decades of volcanic hazard zones of California: Geology, exploration, and achievement—A window on the future: California Division of Mines and developments; Part 1: Colorado School Geothermal Resources Council Geology Special Publication 63, p. 131- of Mines Mineral Industries Bulletin, Transactions, v. 13, 684 p. 136. v. 14, no. 6, p. 1-14. *Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil, 1990, Gizienski, S. F.; McEuen, R. B.; Birkhahn, Grose, L. T., 1975, Geothermal energy— 1990 international symposium on P. C., 1975, Regional evaluation of the Geology, exploration, and geothermal energy: Geothermal geothermal resource potential in central developments; Part I. In Betz, Frederick, Resources Council Transactions, v. 14, Washington State: Woodward-Gizienski Jr., editor, Environmental geology: 2 v., 1704 p. and Associates, 113 p. 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Guffanti, Marianne, see also Hammond, P. E., 2005, Geologic map of the Harle, D. S., see also Hammond, P. E. [and Brook, C. A. [and oth ers], 1979. Timberwolf Mountain 7.5-minute others], 1976. Duffield, W. A. [and others], 1981. quadrangle, Yakima County, Harmon, Karen, see Nehring, N. L. [and Muffler, L. J. P. [and other], 1989. Washington: Washington Division of others], 1979. Nathenson, Manuel [and oth ers], 1983, Geology and Earth Resources Geologic 1988. Map GM-60, 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000. Harper, Robert, 1982, Geothermal studies [http://www.dnr.wa.gov/Publications/ suggest energy prospects: Totem, v. 24, Gulick, C. W., see no. 4, p. 15-17. Schuster, J. E. [and others], 1997. ger_gm60_geol_map_timberwolf Stoffel, K. L. [and others], 1991. mountain_24k.pdf] Har ris, S. L., 1980, Fire and ice—The Hammond, P. E., 2005, Supplement to Cascade volcanoes: The Mountaineers Haigler, L. B., see Godwin, L. H. [and (Seattle, Wash.), 316 p. others], 1971. Geologic Map GM-60, geologic map of the Timberwolf Mountain 7.5-minute Hartley, R. P., 1978, Pollution control Ham il ton, M. M.; Derkey, R. E., 2005, quadrangle, Yakima County, guidance for geothermal energy Geologic map of the Chattaroy 7.5- Washington: Washington Division of development: U.S. Environmental minute quadrangle, Spokane County, Geology and Earth Resources Open File Protection Agency EPA-60017-78-101, Washington: Washington Division of Report 2005-5, 1 CD or 1 DVD. 134 p. Geology and Earth Resources Geologic [http://www.dnr.wa.gov/Publications/ Map GM-55, 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000. Hartog, Renate, see Dragovich, J. D. [and ger_ofr2005-5_timberwolfmountain_ others], 2009. [http://www.dnr.wa.gov/Publications/ supplement.zip] ger_gm55_geol_map_chattaroy_ Haugerud, R. A., see Dragovich, J. D. [and 24k.pdf] Hammond, P. E.; Bentley. R. D.; Brown, J. others], 1997. C.; Ellingson, J. A.; Swanson, D. A., Haw ley, D. L.; Brewster, S. B., Jr., 1982, A Ham il ton, M. M.; Derkey, R. E.; Stradling, 1977, Volcanic stratigraphy and thermal infrared survey of selected sites D. F., 2004, Geologic map of the Four structure of the southern Cascade Range, in the Cascade mountain range of Lakes 7.5-minute quadrangle, Spokane Washington—Field trip no. 4: California, Oregon and Washington, County, Washington: Washington Geological Society of America Annual surveyed July 1981. In Cardwell, F. S.; Division of Geology and Earth Meeting, 90th, Seattle, 1 v. Resources Open File Report 2004-2, 1 and others, editors, 1982 ACSSM-ASP sheet, scale 1:24,000. [http://www.dnr. Hammond, P. E.; Korosec, M. A., 1983, fall convention: American Congress of wa.gov/Publications/ger_ofr2004-2_ Progress report on the time-space- Surveying and Mapping, Fall Technical geol_map_fourlakes_24k.pdf] composition model for the Quaternary Meeting 1981, Technical Papers, p. 195- volcanics of the south Cascades, 201. Ham il ton, M. M.; Derkey, R. E.; Stradling, Washington. In Korosec, M. A.; Phillips, Haz ard Monthly, 1980, Geothermal energy D. F., 2004, Geologic map of the W. M.; Schuster, J. E.; and others, The from Cascade volcanoes: Hazard Spokane Southwest 7.5-minute 1980–1982 geothermal resource Monthly, v. 1, no. 2, p. 11. quadrangle, Spokane County, assessment program in Washington: U.S. Washington: Washington Division of Department of Energy DOE/ET/ 27014- Hearn, P. P.; Steinkampf, W. C.; Bortleson, Geology and Earth Resources Open File T6, p. 180-191. G. C.; Drost, B. W., 1985, Geochemical Report 2004-4, 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000. controls on dissolved sodium in basalt Hammond, P. E.; Korosec, M. A., 1983, [http://www.dnr.wa.gov/Publications/ aquifers of the Columbia plateau, Progress report on the time-space- ger_ofr2004-4_geol_map_spokanesw_ Washington: U.S. Geological Survey composition model for the Quaternary 24k.pdf] Water-Resources Investigations Report volcanics of the south Cascades, 84-4304, 38 p., 1 plate. Ham il ton, M. M., see also Washington. In Korosec, M. A.; Phillips, Derkey, R. E. [and oth ers], 1999, W. M.; Schuster, J. E.; and others, The Hederman, W. F., Jr., see Beer, Christine 2003, 2004, 2005. 1980–1982 geothermal resources [and others], 1984. Derkey, R. E. [and other], 2007, 2009. program in Washington: Washington Heiken, Grant; Goff, F. E.; Cremer, Glenda, Hammond, P. E., compiler, 1974, Brief Division of Geology and Earth editors, 1982, Hot dry rock geothermal outline to volcanic stratigraphy and Resources Open File Report 83-7, resource 1980: Los Alamos National guide to geology of southern Cascade p. 180-191. Laboratory LA-9295-HDR, 113 p. Range, Washington and northern Hammond, P. E.; Pedersen, S. A.; Hopkins, Heiken, Grant, see also Cascade Range, Oregon—Guidebook for K. D.; Aiken, Dan; Harle, D. S.; Daneš, Kron, Andrea [and oth ers], 1980. geothermal field trip, June 24–29, 1974: Z. F.; Konicek, D. L.; Stricklin, C. R., Wohletz, Ken neth [and oth ers], 1992. [Privately published by the author], 1976, Geology and gravimetry of the 47 p. Heimiller, D. M., see Farhar, B. C. [and Quaternary basaltic volcanic field, other], 2003. Hammond, P. E., 1975, Preliminary southern Cascade Range, Washington. geologic map and cross-sections with In Fourier, R. O., chairperson, United Hendricks, E. L., see Mullineaux, D. R. emphasis on Quaternary volcanic rocks, Nations Symposium on the Development [and others], 1969. southern Cascade mountains, and Use of Geothermal Resources, 2nd, Hickel, W. J., chairman; Denton, J. C., Washington: Washington Division of Proceedings: U.S. Government Printing editor, 1972, Geothermal energy—A Geology and Earth Resources Open File Office, v. 1, p. 397-406. national proposal for geothermal Report 75-13, 1 sheet, scale 1:125,000. Hammond, P. E., see also Schuster, J. E. resources research; Final report of the Hammond, P. E., 1980, Reconnaissance [and others], 1976, 1978. Geothermal Resources Research geologic map and cross sections of the Conference, Seattle, 1972: University of Hardee, H. C., 1985, Shallow magma targets Alaska, 95 p. southern Washington Cascade Range, in the western U.S.: Geothermal latitude 45°30¢–47°15¢ N., longitude Resources Council Transactions, v. 9, Higbee, C. V., 1978, Direct use geothermal 120°45¢–122°22.5¢ W.: Portland State pt. 1, p. 447-450. energy—What price?: Oregon Institute University Department of Earth of Technology Geo-Heat Utilization Sciences, 31 p., 2 sheets, scale Harle, D. S., 1974, Geology of the Babyshoe Center Quarterly Bulletin, v. 4, no. 1, 1:125,000. Ridge area, southern Cascades, p. 10-12. Washington: Oregon State University Master of Science thesis, 71 p., 1 plate. OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2 Intasa 71

Higbee, C. V., 1982, Life-cycle cost Holmes, Jenny; Waugh, Kathleen, 1983, Hurwitz, Shaul; Kipp, K. L.; Ingebritsen, analysis of direct-use geothermal Targeting geothermal exploration sites S. E.; Reid, M. E., 2003, Groundwater systems—An introduction: Oregon in the Mount St. Helens area using soil flow, heat transport, and water table Institute of Technology Geo-Heat mercury surveys: U.S. Department of position within volcanic edifices— Center Quarterly Bulletin, v. 7, no. l, Energy DOE/ET/37014-T17, 27 p. Implications for volcanic processes in p. 19-21. Holmes, Jenny; Waugh, Kathleen, 1983, the Cascade Range: Journal of *Higbee, C. V.; Ryan, G. P., 1981, Targeting geothermal exploration sites Geophysical Research, v. 108, no. B12, Greenhouse heating with low in the Mount St. Helens area using soil 2557, doi:10.1029/2003JB002565, 2003, temperature geothermal water: mercury surveys: Washington Division 19 p. Geothermal Resources Council of Geology and Earth Resources Open Hurwitz, Shaul; Kipp, K. L.; Ingebritsen, S. Transactions, v. 5, p. 651-654. File Report 83-10, 26 p., 2 plates. E.; Reid, Mark, 2003, Water-table Higbee, C. V., see also Hook, J. W., 1984, The geothermal potential elevation within volcanic edifices along Bloomquist, R. G. [and others], 1980. of the Cascade Range: Oregon Institute the Cascade Range—Insights from Dellinger, Mark [and others], 1982. of Technology Geo-Heat Center numerical simulations [abstract]: Lund, J. W. [and oth ers], 1980. Quarterly Bulletin, v. 8, no. 4, p. 3-4. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 35, no. 6, Hig gins, G. T., see Collings, M. R. [and Hooper, P. R.; Gillespie, B. A., 1996, p. 570. others], 1973. Geologic map of the Pomeroy area, southeastern Washington: Washington Hurwitz, S., see Ingebritsen, S.E. [and Hildreth, Wes; Fierstein, Judy, 1985, Mount others], 2003. Adams—Eruptive history of an andesite- Division of Geology and Earth dacite stratovolcano at the focus of a Resources Open File Report 96-5, 26 p., Hyde, J. H., 1970, Geologic setting of fundamentally basaltic volcanic field. In 1 plate, scale 1:38,520. Merrill Lake and evaluation of volcanic Guffanti, Marianne; Muffler, L. J. P., Hoo ver, D. B.; Long, C. L.; Senterfit, R. M., hazards in the Kalama River valley near editors, Proceedings of the workshop on 1978, Some results from audiomagneto- Mount St. Helens, Washington: U.S. geothermal resources of the Cascade telluric investigations in geothermal Geological Survey Open-File Report 70- Range: U.S. Geological Survey Open- areas: Geophysics, v. 43, no. 7, p. 1501- 169, 17 p. File Report 85-521, p. 44-50. 1514. Hyde, J. H., 1973, Late Quaternary volcanic Hildreth, Wes; Fierstein, Judy, 1990, Hopkins, K. D., 1976, Geology of the south stratigraphy, south flank of Mount St. Geologic map and geothermal and east slopes of Mount Adams Helens, Washington: University of assessment of the Mount Adams volcano, Cascade Range, Washington: Washington Doctor of Philosophy volcanic field, Cascade Range of University of Washington Doctor of thesis, 114 p., 1 plate. southern Washington: Geothermal Philosophy thesis, 143 p., 1 plate. Hyde, J. H., 1975, Upper Pleistocene Resources Council Transactions, v. 14, Hopkins, K. D., see also Hammond, P. E. pyroclastic-flow deposits and lahars pt. 2, p. 1455-1456. [and others], 1976. south of Mount St. Helens volcano, Hildreth, Wes; Fierstein, Judy; Miller, M. Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Hopson, C. A., 1971, Eruptive sequence at Bulletin 1383-B, 20 p. S., 1983, Mineral and geothermal Mount St. Helens, Washington resource potential of the Mount Adams [abstract]: Geological Society of Hyde, J. H.; Crandell, D. 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Geological Survey Professional Paper Hobbs, P. V., see Radke, L. F. [and others], House, P. A., see Austin, A. L. [and others], 1022-C, 17 p., 1 plate. 1976. 1978. Hyde, J. H., see also Mullineaux, D. R. [and Hoblitt, R. P., see Ryan, M. P. [and others], Howarth, David, see Chupka, Mark [and others], 1972. 1990. others], 1992. Ibrahim, A., see Skokan, C. K. [and others], *Hodges, R. E., 1988, Calibration and Huebner, M. A., see Nehring, N. L. [and 1978. standardization of geophysical well- others], 1979. Ikelman, J. A., see Berry, G. W. [and logging equipment for hydrologic Hughes, D. W., see Bonini, W. E. [and others], 1980. applications: U.S. Geological Survey others], 1974. Ingebritsen, S. E.; Mariner, R. H.; Evans, Water-Resources Investigations Report Huntting, M. T., 1975, Geothermal research W. C.; Hurwitz, S.; Schmidt, M. E., 88-4058, 25 p. drilling in the Steamboat Mountain– 2003, Hydrothermal discharge from *Hodges, R. E.; Teasdale, W. E., 1991, Lemei Rock area, Skamania County, volcanic areas in the western United Considerations related to drilling Washington: [Privately published by the States [abstract]: Geological Society of methods in planning and performing author], 1 v. America Abstracts with Programs, v. 35, borehole-geophysical logging for Huntting, M. T., 1979, Geothermal gradient no. 6, p. 487. ground-water studies: U.S. Geological measurements and drilling operations in Ingebritsen, S. E., see also Hurwitz, Shaul Survey Water-Resources Investigations the Cowlitz River Valley, Mount St. [and others], 2003. Report 91-4090, 17 p. Helens, and Camas areas, Washington: Intasa, see SRI International [and others], Hodgson, S. F., see Cataldi, Raffaele [and [Privately published by the author], 1980. others], 1999. 32 p. Huntting, M. T., see Schuster, J. E. [and others], 1976, 1978. 72 Iyer OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2

Iyer, H. M., 1985, Characteristics of Keith, T. E. C., see Thompson, J. M. [and Kieffer, H. H., see also Friedman, J. D. [and Cascades magmatic systems determined others], 1985. others], 1981. from teleseismic-residual studies. In Kellerman, L. M., see Geyer, J. D. [and *Kin dle, C. H.; Pool, K. H.; Ludwick, J. D.; Guffanti, Marianne; Muffler, L. J. P., others], 1989. Robertson, D. E., 1984, Compendium of editors, Proceedings of the workshop on selected methods for sampling and geothermal resources of the Cascade Kelley, S. A., see Blackwell, D. D. [and others], 1985, 1990. analysis at geothermal facilities: Battelle Range: U.S. Geological Survey Open- Pacific Northwest Laboratories PNL- File Report 85-521, p. 53-55. Kendrick, George, see St. Lawrence, 4979, 1 v. William [and others], 1980. JM En ergy Con sul tants, Inc., 1978, Kin dle, C. H.; Woodruff, E. 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L., see Hurwitz, Shaul [and others], 2003. Ja cob son, J. J., see Davis, A. E. [and 1981: Kent Associates (Lake Oswego, others], 1980. Ore.), 165 p., 19 plates. Kiver, E. P., 1976, Washington’s *Kent As so ci ates, 1982, City of North geothermal ice caves: Pacific Search, Jhaveri, A. G.; Miller, J. A., 1981, v. 10, no. 3, p. 6-11. Geothermal resources in the Yakima Bonneville, Washington, geothermal area—Potential low temperature exploration project, production test well. Kiver, E. P., 1978, Geothermal ice caves utilization. In Bloomquist, R. G., editor, Phase 11: EG&G Idaho, Inc., 1 v. and fumaroles, Mount Baker volcano, Proceedings of the Geothermal Kent, R. C., 1982, Thermal water 1974–77 [abstract]: Geological Society Symposium—Low temperature encountered in lava flows at North of America Abstracts with Programs, utilization, heat pump applications, Bonneville, Washington [abstract]: Eos v. 10, no. 3, p. 112. district heating: Washington State (American Geophysical Union Kiver, E. P., 1978, Mount Baker’s changing Energy Office WAOENG-81-05, p. XII Transactions), v. 63, no. 8, p. 174. fumaroles: Ore Bin, v. 40, no. 8, p. 133- 1 – XII 13. Kestin, Joseph; DiPippo, Ronald; Khalifa, 145. Johnpeer, G. D., see Murphy, P. J. [and H. E.; Ryley, D. J., editors, 1980, Kiver, E. P.; Snavely, J.; Snavely, D. F., others], 1981. Sourcebook on the production of 1977, Hydrogen sulfide fumes at the John son, B. L., see Dragovich, J. D. [and electricity from geothermal energy: U.S. summit of Mount Rainier volcano, others], 2007. Department of Energy DOE/RA/4051-1, Washington: Northwest Science, v. 51, 997 p. no. 1, p. 31-35. John son, B. R., see Derkey, P. D. [and other], 1995. Keys, W. S.; MacCary, L. M., 1971, Kiver, E. P.; Steele, W. K., 1975, Application of borehole geophysics to Geothermally produced ice caves, John son, G. R., see Friedman, J. D. [and water-resources investigations: U.S. Mount Baker, Washington [abstract]: others], 1984. Geological Survey Techniques of Water- Geological Society of America John son, S. H.; Couch, R. W., 1970, Crustal Resources Investigations, Book 2, Abstracts with Programs, v. 7, no. 5, structure in the north Cascade mountains Chapter E1, 126 p. p. 617-618. of Washington and British Columbia Keys, W. S., see also Paillet, F. L. [and Kiver, E. P., see also Derkey, R. E. [and from seismic refraction measurements: others], 1986. others], 1999. Seismological Society of America Bulletin, v. 60, no. 4, p. 1259-1269. Khalifa, H. E., see Kestin, Joseph [and Klimkowski, Henry, see Braud, H. J. [and others], 1980. others], 1988. John son, V. V., 1980, Utility perspectives on northwest geothermal resources. In Kieffer, H. H.; Frank, D. G., 1980, Thermal Knipe, Ed, see Rafferty, Kevin [and others], Bloomquist, R. G.; Wonstolen, K. A., infrared observations of Mt. St. Helens, 1985, 1988. editors, Proceedings of the geothermal March–May 1980 [abstract]: Geological Koenig, J. B., 1971, Geothermal exploration symposium—Potential, legal issues, Society of America Abstracts with in the western United States. In United economics, financing: Washington State Programs, v. 12, no. 7, p. 462. Nations Symposium on the Energy Office WAOENG-80-16, 4 p. Kieffer, H. H.; Frank, D. G.; Friedman, J. Development and Utilization of Johnston, D. A., see Barnes, Ivan [and D., 1980, Thermal infrared observations Geothermal Resources, Proceedings, others], 1981. of Mt. St. Helens [abstract]: Eos v. 2, part 1: Geothermics, Special Issue (American Geophysical Union 2, p. 1-13. Joseph, N. L., see Stoffel, K. L. [and others], Transactions), v. 61, no. 46, p. 1139- 1991. Konicek, D. L., 1974, Geophysical survey 1140. in south-central Washington: University Justus, Debra, see Kieffer, H. H.; Frank, D. G.; Friedman. J. of Puget Sound Master of Science Bloomquist, R. G. [and others], 1980. D.; Sawatzky, D. L., 1984, Aerial thesis, 35 p., 8 plates. Dellinger, Mark [and oth ers], 1982. infrared surveys at Mount St. Helens, Konicek, D. L., 1975, Geophysical survey Kaczanowski, G., see Nehring, N. L. [and Washington [abstract]: U.S. Geological in south-central Washington: Northwest others], 1979. Survey Professional Paper 1375, p. 261. Science, v. 49, no. 2, p. 106-117. Kaler, K. L., see Korosec, M. A. [and Kieffer, H. H.; Friedman, J. D.; Frank, D. Konicek, D. L., see also Hammond, P. E. others], 1980, 1981. G., 1984, Thermal-infrared surveys, [and others], 1976. Kalk, M. L., see Cascades volcanoes [abstract]: U.S. Schasse, H. W. [and others], 2009. Geological Survey Professional Paper Polenz, Michael [and others, 2009. 1375, p. 216. OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2 Korosec 73

Korosec, M. A., 1980, Bibliography of Korosec, M. A., 1983, Additions to the Korosec, M. A., 1984, Summary of geothermal resource information for the bibliography of geothermal resource geothermal exploration activity in the State of Washington. In Bloomquist, information for the State of Washington. State of Washington from 1978 to 1983: R. G.; Basescu, Neil; Higbee, Charles; In Korosec, M.A.; Phillips, W. M.; U.S. Department of Energy DOE/ET/ Justus, Debra; Simpson, S. J., Schuster, J. E.; and others, The 1980– 27014-T19, 42 p. Washington—A guide to geothermal 1982 geothermal resources assessment Korosec, M. A., 1984, Summary of energy development: Oregon Institute of program in Washington: Washington geothermal exploration activity in the Technology Geo-Heat Utilization Division of Geology and Earth State of Washington from 1978 to 1983; Center, 16 p. Resources Open File Report 83-7, (Final program report to the U.S. Korosec, M. A., 1980, Bibliography of p. 294-299. Department of Energy): Washington geothermal resource information for the Korosec, M. A., 1983, Geothermal resource Division of Geology and Earth State of Washington. In Korosec, M. A.; targets—Progress and proposals. In Resources Open File Report 84-2, 42 p. Schuster, J. E.; and others, The 1979– Korosec, M. A.; Phillips, W. M.; Korosec, M. A., compiler, 1987, Geologic 1980 geothermal resource assessment Schuster, J. E.; and others, The 1980– map of the Hood River quadrangle, program in Washington: Washington 1982 geothermal resource assessment Washington and Oregon: Washington Division of Geology and Earth program in Washington: U.S. Division of Geology and Earth Resources Open File Report 81-3, Department of Energy DOE/ET/27014- Resources Open File Report 87-6, 40 p., p. 132-148. T6, p. 268-293. 1 plate, scale 1:100,000. Korosec, M. A., 1980, Bibliography of Korosec, M. A., 1983, Geothermal resource Korosec, M. A., compiler, 1987, Geologic geothermal resources information for the targets—Progress and proposals. In map of the Mount Adams quadrangle, State of Washington: Washington Korosec, M. A.; Phillips, W. M.; Washington: Washington Division of Division of Geology and Earth Schuster, J. E.; and others, The 1980– Geology and Earth Resources Open File Resources Open File Report 80-4, 17 p. 1982 geothermal resource assessment Report 87-5, 39 p., 1 plate, scale Korosec, M. A., 1980, Table of thermal and program in Washington: Washington 1:100,000. Division of Geology and Earth mineral spring locations in Washington: Korosec, M. A.; Barnett, D. B., 1989, Washington Division of Geology and Resources Open File Report 83-7, p. 268-293. Geothermal resource exploration target Earth Resources Open File Report 80- area defined by Division drilling 11, 6 p. Korosec, M. A., 1983, The 1983 projects: Washington Geologic Korosec, M. A., 1980, Thermal and mineral temperature gradient and heat flow Newsletter, v. 17, no. 3, p. 12-14. drilling project for the State of spring investigations, 1978–1979 Korosec, M. A.; Kaler, K. L., 1980, Well (surveys and analyses). In Korosec, M. Washington: U.S. Department of Energy DOE/ET/27014-T12, 11 p. temperature information and locations in A.; Schuster, J. E.; and others, The the State of Washington: Washington 1979–1980 geothermal resource Korosec, M. A., 1983, The 1983 Division of Geology and Earth assessment program in Washington: temperature gradient and heat flow Resources Open File Report 80-7, 89 p., Washington Division of Geology and drilling project for the State of 2 plates. Earth Resources Open File Report 81-3, Washington: Washington Division of p. 41-92. Geology and Earth Resources Open File Korosec, M. A.; Kaler, K. L.; Schuster, J. Report 83-12, 11 p. E.; and others, compilers, 1981, Korosec, M. 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A., 1981, Geothermal 2 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:500,000. implications of the Mount St. Helens Korosec, M. A., 1983, Surveys and volcano [abstract]. In Keller, S. A. C., geochemical analyses of thermal and Korosec, M. A.; Phillips, W. M., 1982, editor; and others, Mount St. Helens— mineral springs in Washington, 1980– WELLTHERM—Temperature, depth, One year later; Abstracts and directory: 1981. In Korosec, M. A.; Phillips, and geothermal gradient data for wells Eastern Washington University, 2 p. W. M.; Schuster, J. E.; and others. The in Washington State: Washington Division of Geology and Earth Korosec, M. A., 1982, Geothermal 1980–1982 geothermal resource assessment program in Washington: Resources Open File Report 82-2, 3 p., implications of the Mount St. Helens computer printouts. volcano [abstract]. In Keller, S. A. C., Washington Division of Geology and editor, Mount St. Helens—One year Earth Resources Open File Report 83-7, Korosec, M. A.; Phillips, W. M.; Schuster, later: Eastern Washington University p. 8-67. J. E., 1982, The low temperature Press, p. 238. Korosec, M. A., 1984, Chemical analyses geothermal resources of eastern Washington: Washington Division of Korosec, M. A., 1982, Progress report on for thermal and mineral springs examined in 1982–1983: U.S. Geology and Earth Resources Open File geothermal energy programs in Report 82-1, 20 p. Washington: Washington Geologic Department of Energy DOE/ET/27014- Newsletter, v. 10, no. 3, p. 15-16. T18, 8 p. Korosec, M. A., 1982, Table of chemical Korosec, M. A., 1984, Chemical analyses analyses for thermal and mineral spring for thermal and mineral springs and well waters collected in 1980 and examined in 1982–1983: Washington 1981: Washington Division of Geology Division of Geology and Earth and Earth Resources Open File Report Resources Open File Report 84-1, 8 p. 82-3, 5 p. 74 Korosec OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2

Korosec, M. A.; Phillips, W. M.; Schuster, Korosec, M. A.; Schuster, J. E., 1980, Pre- Kunze, J. F., 1978, Research and J. E., 1982, The low temperature eruption geothermal assessment development toward abundant and geothermal resources of eastern activities at Mount St. Helens, economical geothermal energy in the Washington. In Ruscetta, C. A., editor, Washington [abstract]: Eos (American Northwest [abstract]. In Pacific Geothermal direct heat program, Geophysical Union Transactions), v. 61, Northwest Metals and Minerals Roundup Technical Conference no. 46, p. 1134. Conference, 6th, Portland, Ore., 1978; proceedings, State coupled resource Korosec, M. A.; Schuster, J. E., 1983, New horizons in minerals and metals: assessment program: University of Utah Heatflow drilling in Washington during American Institute of Mining, Research Institute ESL-98; U.S. 1981. In Korosec, M. A.; Phillips, W. Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers, Department of Energy DOE/ ID/12078- M.; Schuster, J. 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Mar i ner, R. H.; Presser, T. S.; Evans, W. C.; McLane, J. E.; Finkelman, R. B.; Larson, R. *Morck, O. C.; Pedersen, Thomas, editors, Pringle, M. K. W., 1989, Discharge rates R., 1976, Mineralogical examination of 1989, IEA district heating—Advanced of thermal fluids in the Cascade Range particulate matter from the fumaroles of district heating production technologies: of Oregon and Washington and their Sherman Crater, Mt. Baker, Washington Netherlands Agency for Energy and the relationship to the geologic [abstract]: Eos (American Geophysical Environment (Sittard, The Netherlands), environment. In Muffler, L. J. P.; Union Transactions), v. 57, no. 2, p. 89. 717 p. Weaver, C. S.; Blackwell, D. D., editors, McLane, J. E., see also Sato, Motoaki [and Mor gan, Paul; Gosnold, W. D., 1989, Proceedings of workshop XLIV— others], 1976. Heat flow and thermal regimes in the Geological, geophysical, and tectonic continental United States. 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Muf fler, L. J. P.; Guffanti, Marianne, 1989, *Na tional Con fer ence of State Leg is la tures Nor man, D. K., see Integration of earth-science data sets to , 1980, Geothermal guidebook prepared Dragovich, J. D. [and other], 1995. estimate undiscovered geothermal for the Western Interstate Energy Board: Dragovich, J. D. [and oth ers], 1997, resources of the Cascade Range. In National Conference of State 1998, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2005, Muffler, L. J. P.; Weaver, C. S.; Legislatures (Denver, Colo.), 43 p. 2009. Blackwell, D. D., editors, Proceedings of *Na tional Re search Coun cil, 1985, District *North west Power Plan ning Coun cil, workshop XLIV—Geological, heating and cooling in the United 1990, Confirmation agendas for geophysical, and tectonic setting of the States—Prospects and issues: National geothermal, wind and solar resources: Cascade Range: U.S. Geological Survey Academy Press, 155 p. 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December, 1981: Oregon Institute of conterminous United States: Journal of Nimmons, J. T., 1980, State public utility Technology Geo-Heat Center, 1 v. Geophysical Research, v. 93, no. B6, regulation of geothermal direct heat *Or e gon In sti tute of Tech nol ogy Geo- p. 6437-6450. supplies. In Bloomquist, R. G.; Heat Center , 1982, Feasibility study for Nathenson, Manuel; Guffanti, Marianne; Wonstolen, K. A., editors, Proceedings Adams County Fire Station, Othello, Sass, J. H.; Munroe, R. J., 1983, of the geothermal symposium— Washington: Oregon Institute of Regional heat flow and temperature Potential, legal issues, economics, Technology Geo-Heat Center, 1 v. gradients. In Reed, M. J., editor, financing: Washington State Energy *Or e gon In sti tute of Tech nol ogy Geo- Assessment of low-temperature Office WAOENG-80-16, p. XV-1 – Heat Center , 1982, Geothermal heating geothermal resources of the United XV-6. facilities for Carson Elementary School States—1982: U.S. Geological Survey Nimmons, J. T., see also Bloomquist, R. G. and Wind River Middle School: Oregon Circular 892, p. 9-16. [and others], 1988. Institute of Technology Geo-Heat Nathenson, Manuel, see also Nitsan, U., 1976, The effect of increased Center, 1 v. Guffanti, Marianne [and oth ers], 1980. geothermal heat flux on the flow of Mt. Or e gon In sti tute of Tech nol ogy Geo-Heat Sorey, M. L. [and oth ers], 1982, 1983. Baker glaciers [abstract]: Eos (American Cen ter, 1982, Utilization of warm well Na tional Cen ter for Ap pro pri ate Geophysical Union Transactions), v. 57, water, eastern Washington State: Tech nol ogy, 1988, Using the earth to no. 2, p. 89. Oregon Institute of Technology Geo- heat and cool homes: Oregon Institute of Nix, R. G., see Green, B. D. [and other], Heat Center, 15 p. Technology Geo-Heat Center Quarterly 2006. 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Or e gon In sti tute of Tech nol ogy Geo-Heat Phillips, W. M., 1983, Preliminary Polenz, Michael; Schasse, H. W.; Kalk, Cen ter, 1987, Geothermal pipeline– interpretation of regional gravity M. L.; Petersen, B. B., 2009, Geo logic Washington—Clark College uses 50° F information from the southern Cascade map of the Camano 7.5-min ute for district heating: Oregon Institute of mountains of Washington. In Korosec. quad ran gle, Is land County, Wash ing ton: Technology Geo-Heat Center Quarterly M. A.; Phillips, W. M.; Schuster, J. E.; Wash ing ton Di vi sion of Ge ol ogy and Bulletin, v. 10, no. 1, p. 19. and others, The 1980–1982 geothermal Earth Re sources Geo logic Map GM-68, *Or e gon In sti tute of Tech nol ogy Geo-Heat resource assessment program in 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000. [http://www.dnr. Uti li za tion Center, 1980, A. C. Davis Washington: Washington Division of wa.gov/Publications/ger_gm68_geol_ High School, Yakima, Washington: Geology and Earth Resources Open File map_camano_24k.pdf] Oregon Institute of Technology Geo- Report 83-7, p. 79-119. Polenz, Michael; Schasse, H. W.; Petersen, Heat Utilization Center, 19 p. Phillips, W. M., 1983, Progress report for B. B., 2006, Geologic map of the *ORMAT, Inc., [no date], Production of the regional gravity survey of the Freeland and northern part of the electrical energy from low enthalpy Cascade mountain range, Washington. Hansville 7.5-minute quadrangles, geothermal resources by binary power In Korosec, M. A.; Phillips, W. M.; Island County, Washington: Washington plants: United Nations Institute for Schuster, J. E.; and others, The 1980– Division of Geology and Earth Training and Research UNITAR/UNDP 1982 geothermal resource assessment Resources Geologic Map GM-64, Centre on Small Energy Resources program in Washington: U.S. 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000. [http://www.dnr. (Rome, Italy) UNCSER TG GP 002 Department of Energy DOE/ET/27014- wa.gov/Publications/ger_gm64_geol_ 0589, 104 p. T6, p. 68-78. map_freeland_hansville_24k.pdf] Otte, Carol, see Kruger, Paul [and others], Phillips, W. M., compiler, 1987, Geologic Polenz, Michael; Slaughter, S. L.; 1973. map of the Mount St. Helens Dragovich, J. D.; Thorsen, G. W., 2005, quadrangle, Washington and Oregon: Geologic map of the Ebey’s Landing *Owen, L. B.; Michels, D. E., 1984, Washington Division of Geology and National Historical Reserve, Island Geochemical engineering reference Earth Resources Open File Report 87-4, County, Washington: Washington manual: U.S. Department of Energy 59 p., 1 plate, scale 1:100,000. Division of Geology and Earth DOE/SF/11520-TI, 1 v. Phillips, W. M., compiler, 1987, Geologic Resources Open File Report 2005-2, 1 Paillet, F. L.; Morin, R. H.; Keys, W. S., map of the Vancouver quadrangle, sheet, scale 1:24,000. [http://www.dnr. 1986, Borehole geophysical applications Washington: Washington Division of wa.gov/Publications/ger_ofr2005-2_ in the characterization of geothermal Geology and Earth Resources Open File geol_map_ebeyslanding_24k.zip] energy resources. In Carter, L. M. H., Report 87-10, 27 p., 1 plate, scale Polenz, Michael; Slaughter, S. L.; Thorsen, editor, USGS research on energy 1:100,000. G. W., 2005, Geologic map of the resources—1986; V. E. McKelvey Coupeville and part of the Port forum on mineral and energy resources: Phillips, W. M., see also Daneš, Z. F. [and oth ers], 1983. Townsend North 7.5-minute U.S. Geological Survey Circular 974, quadrangles, Island County, p. 51-52. Korosec, M. A. [and oth ers], 1982, 1983. Washington: Washington Division of Panichi, C.; La Ruffa, G., 2001, Stable Walsh, T. J. [and oth ers], 1987. Geology and Earth Resources Geologic isotope geochemistry of fumaroles—An Map GM-58, 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000. insight into volcanic surveillance: Phillips, Wayne, see Lund, J. W. [and [http://www.dnr.wa.gov/Publications/ Journal of Geodynamics, v. 32, no. 4-5, others], 1980. ger_gm58_geol_map_coupeville_ p. 519-542. *Piatti, Alberto; Piemonte, Carlo; Szego, 24k.pdf] Parker, D. S., see Bloomquist, R. G. [and Edoardo, 1992, Planning of geothermal Polenz, Michael; Wegmann, K. W.; others], 1985. district heating systems: Kluwer Schasse, H. W., 2004, Geologic map of Academic Publishers, 308 p. Pedersen, S. A., see Hammond, P. E. [and the Elwha and Angeles Point 7.5-minute others], 1976. Piemonte, Carlo, see Piatti, Alberto [and quadrangles, Clallam County, others], 1992. Washington: Washington Division of Pedersen, Thomas, see Morck, O. C. [and Geology and Earth Resources Open File others], 1989. Pilkington, H. 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Pratsch, L. W., 1992, Geothermal heat Race, R. W., see Campbell, K. V. [and Raf fer ty, Kevin, 2003, The economics of pumps benefit the consumer, utility, and others], 1970. connecting small buildings to nation: Oregon Institute of Technology Radke, L. F.; Hobbs, P. V.; Stith, J. L., geothermal district heating systems: Geo-Heat Center Quarterly Bulletin, 1976, Airborne measurements of gases Geo-Heat Center Bulletin, v. 24, no. 1, v. 14, no. 1, p. 1-6. and aerosols from volcanic vents on Mt. p. 4-8. [http://geoheat.oit.edu/bulletin/ Presser, T. S., see Baker: Geophysical Research Letters, bull24-1/art2.pdf] Barnes, Ivan [and oth ers], 1981. v. 3, no. 2, p. 93-96. Raf fer ty, Kevin, 2003, Industrial processes Mar i ner, R. H. [and oth ers], 1982, 1989, Raf fer ty, Kevin, 1983, Absorption and the potential for geothermal 1990, 1993, 2003. refrigeration—Cooling with hot water: applications: Geo-Heat Center Bulletin, Prestwich, S. M., 1985, Overview on Oregon Institute of Technology Geo- v. 24, no. 3, p. 7-11. [http://geoheat. Cascades drilling status. In U.S. Heat Center Quarterly Bulletin, v. 8, oit.edu/bulletin/bull24-3/art2.pdf] Department of Energy Geothermal no. 1, p. 17-20. *Raf fer ty, Kevin, 2004, Direct-use Technology Division, Proceedings, Raf fer ty, Kevin, 1984, Feasibility study for temperature requirement—A few rules Geothermal Program Review IV: U.S. Harrah Elementary School, Harrah, of thumb: Geo-Heat Center Bulletin, Department of Energy CONF-8509142 Washington, June 1984: Oregon Institute v. 25, no. 2, p. 1-3. [http://geoheat.oit. (DE86004074), p. 139-140. of Technology Geo-Heat Center, 1 v. edu/bulletin/bull25-2/art1.pdf] Priest, G. 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R., 1986, A program for scientific piping—A primer: Oregon Institute of Raf fer ty, Kevin, see also drilling in the Cascades, northern Technology Geo-Heat Center, 49 p. Bloomquist, R. G. [and oth ers], 1988. California, Oregon, and Washington: [http://geoheat.oit.edu/pdf/tp48.pdf] Dellinger, Mark [and oth ers], 1982. Oregon Department of Geology and Lienau, P. J. [and oth ers], 1990? Mineral Industries, 15 p. Rafferty, Kevin, 1990, Geothermal greenhouse heating: Oregon Institute of Rap port, A. L., see Mariner, R. H. [and Priest, G. R., 1987, Geothermal resource Technology Geo-Heat Center Quarterly others], 1983. potential of Cascade volcanic arc Bulletin, v. 12, no. 3, p. 14-26. Readdy, L. A., see Bogart, L. E. [and [abstract]: American Association of others], 1987. Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 71, Raf fer ty, Kevin, 1990, Piping materials for no. 8, p. 1013. geothermal district heating systems (or Realmuto, V. J., see Peter Piper picked a peck of pre- Frank, D. G. 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Reiners, Peter, see Callahan, O. A. [and Rus sell, I. C., 1893, A geological Sammel, E. A., 1979, Occurrence of low- others], 2007. reconnoissance [sic] in central temperature geothermal waters in the Reistad, G. M.; Means, Paul, 1980, Heat Washington: U.S. Geological Survey United States. In Muffler, L. J. P., pumps for geothermal applications— Bulletin 108, 108 p. editor, Assessment of geothermal Availability and performance; Final Rus sell, R. H., 1972, Geothermal energy resources of the United States—1978: report: U.S. Department of Energy potential of Washington State: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 790, DOE/ ID/12020-TI, 67 p. Washington Department of Ecology p. 86-131. Reistad, G. M., see also Technical Report 72-7, 23 p. Sanders, J. W.; Miles, M. J., 1974, Mineral Bodvarsson, Gunnar [and oth ers], Rus sell, R. H., 1972, Geothermal energy content of selected geothermal waters: 1979. potential in Washington State. 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L., 1976, Operational aerial 1:100,000 quadrangle: Washington surveillance of the Sherman Crater area, St. Lawrence , William; Qamar, Anthony; Division of Geology and Earth Mt. Baker, Washington [abstract]: Eos Moore, Johnnie; Kendrick. George, Resources Open File Report 2003-5, (American Geophysical Union 1980, A comparison of thermal 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. [http://www. Transactions), v. 57, no. 2, p. 87-88. observations of Mount St. Helens before dnr.wa.gov/Publications/ger_ofr2003-5_ and during the first week of the initial geol_map_capeflattery _100k.pdf] Ru bin, Meyer, see 1980 eruption: Science, v. 209, Crandell, D. R. [and oth ers], 1962, no. 4464, p. 1526-1527. 1975. Hopson, C. A. [and others], 1962. Mullineaux, D. R. [and oth ers], 1972. 82 Schasse OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2

Schasse, H. W., 2003, Geologic map of the Schasse, H. W.; Wegmann, K. W., 2000, Schuster, J. E., 1974, The search for hot Washington portion of the Port Angeles Geologic map of the Carlsborg 7.5- rocks—Geothermal exploration. 1:100,000 quadrangle: Washington minute quadrangle, Clallam County, Northwest: Geothermal Energy, v. 2, Division of Geology and Earth Washington: Washington Division of no. 5, p. 58-60. Resources Open File Report 2003-6, Geology and Earth Resources Open File Schuster, J. E., 1975, Geothermal activities 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. [http://www. Report 2000-7, 27 p., 2 plates, scale in Washington: Washington Geologic dnr.wa.gov/Publications/ger_ofr2003-6_ 1:24,000. [http://www.dnr.wa.gov/ Newsletter, v. 3, no. 4, p. 12-13. geol_map_portangeles_100k.pdf] Publications/ger_ofr2000-7_geol_map_ carlsborg _24k.zip] Schuster, J. E., 1976, Some developments in Schasse, H. W.; Kalk, M. L.; Petersen, mineral exploration in Washington B. 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Report 2004-13, 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000. editor, Proceedings of the Geothermal dnr.wa.gov/Publications/ger_gm69_ [http://www.dnr.wa.gov/Publications/ Symposium—Low temperature geol_map_langley_24k.pdf] ger_ofr2004-13_geol_map_portangeles utilization, heat pump applications, _edizhook_24k.pdf] district heating, September 24, 1980: Schasse, H. W.; Kalk, M. L.; Polenz, Washington State Energy Office Michael, 2009, Geo logic map of the Schasse, H. W., see also WAOENG-81-05, p. XI 1 – XI 10. Ju ni per Beach 7.5-min ute quad ran gle, Dragovich, J. D. [and oth ers], 2002. Is land County, Wash ing ton: Wash ing ton Lingley, W. S., Jr. [and others], 1996. Schuster, J. E., 1981, A geothermal Di vi sion of Ge ol ogy and Earth Logan, R. L. [and others], 2003. exploration philosophy for Mount St. Re sources Geo logic Map GM-70, Polenz, Michael [and others], 2004, Helens, (and other Cascade volcanoes?). 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000. [http://www. 2006, 2009. In Ruscetta, C. 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E., 1972, Geothermal compiler, A proposal for Northwest exploration in Washington. In geothermal development: Washington Schasse, H. W.; Logan, R. L.; Polenz, State Energy Office, Appendix 11. Michael; Walsh, T. J., 2003, Geologic Proceedings of the Thermal Power map of the Shelton 7.5-minute Conference: Washington State Schuster, J. E.; Blackwell, D. D.; quadrangle, Mason and Thurston University, p. 225-246. Hammond, P. E.; Huntting, M. T., 1976, Counties, Washington: Washington Schuster, J. E., 1973, Geothermal energy in Heat-flow studies in Steamboat Division of Geology and Earth Washington: Washington Geologic Mountain–Lemei Rock area, Skamania Resources Open File Report 2003-24, Newsletter, v. 1, no. 4, p. 2-4. County, Washington [abstract]: American Association of Petroleum 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000. [http://www.dnr. Schuster, J. 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OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2 Sommaruga 83

Schuster, J. E.; Bloomquist, R. G., 1995, Sheppard, R. A., 1967, Geology of the *Simpson, S. J.; Bloomquist. R. G., editors, Low-temperature geothermal resources Simcoe Mountains volcanic area, 1987, District heating development of Washington [abstract]. In Washington Washington: Washington Division of guide HEATPLAN 3.0 user manual; A Department of Ecology, Abstracts from Mines and Geology Geologic Map GM- computer approach to district heating the 1st symposium on the hydrogeology 3, 1 sheet, scale 1:250,000. favorability analysis, volume 2: of Washington State: Washington Sheppard, R. A., 1967, Petrology of a late Washington State Energy Office Department of Ecology, p. 152-153. Quaternary potassium-rich andesite from WAOENG-87-17J2, 65 p. [http://www.ecy.wa.gov/events/hg/ Mount Adams, Washington: U.S. Simpson, S. J., see also Bloomquist, R. G. PastSymposia/abstracts1995.pdf] Geological Survey Professional Paper [and others], 1985, 1986. Schuster, J. E.; Gulick, C. W.; Reidel, S. 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Energy Information Administration DOE/EIA-0544, 70 p. *Ther mal Power Con fer ence, 1972, *United Na tions Sympo sium on the Proceedings, October 5–6, 1972: De vel op ment and Uti li za tion of *U.S. For est Ser vice, 1978, Geothermal Washington State University, 257 p. Geo ther mal Resources, (1st, Pisa, leasing and development, Gifford Thomas, C. C., see DeBerry, D. W. [and 1970), 1971, Proceedings: Geothermics, Pinchot National Forest; Draft others], 1978. Special Issue 2, 2 v. environmental analysis report: U.S. Forest Service Gifford Pinchot National Thomp son, J. M., 1990, Chemical data from *U.S. Bonneville Power Administration, Forest (Vancouver, Wash.), 402 p. thermal and nonthermal springs in 1983, Proceedings; Heat pumps for Mount St. Helens National Monument, heating and cooling of residential and U.S. For est Ser vice, 1978, Geothermal Washington: U.S. Geological Survey light commercial buildings: U.S. leasing and development on part of the Open-File Report 90-690A, 14 p.; USGS Bonneville Power Administration, 1 v. Gifford Pinchot National Forest; Draft environmental statement: U.S. Forest OFR 90-690B, 5.25² 2D IBM diskette; *U.S. Bonneville Power Ad min is tra tion, Service Pacific Northwest Region USGS OFR 90-690C, 2S/2D microdisc. 1993, Resource programs final USDA-FS-R6-DES-(ADM)79-1, 348 p. Thomp son, J. M.; White, L. D.; Casadevall, environmental impact statement: U.S. T. J.; Maley, C. A.; Keith, T. E. C., Bonneville Power Administration DOE/ *U.S. For est Ser vice, 1978, Gifford Pinchot 1985, Hot springs depositing travertine EIS-0162, 4 v. National Forest—Final environmental impact statement, Upper Cispus at Mount St. Helens [abstract]: Eos U.S. Bu reau of Land Man age ment; U.S. Planning Unit, land management plan: (American Geophysical Union Forest Service, 2008, Draft U.S. Forest Service Pacific Northwest Transactions), v. 66, no. 46, p. 1154. programmatic environmental impact Region USDA-FS-R6-FES(ADM)-78-1, Thomp son, J. M.; White, L. D.; Maley, C. statement (PEIS) for geothermal leasing 225 p. A., 1988, Thermal springs on Mount in the western United States: U.S. Saint Helens [abstract]: Eos (American Bureau of Land Management; U.S. Geophysical Union Transactions), v. 69, Forest Service DES 08-22, 3 v. [paper no. 44, p. 1481. copy and CD copy] 86 *U.S. For est Service OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2

*U.S. For est Ser vice, 1979, Geothermal Val en tine, G. M., 1960, Mineral waters. In Vimmerstedt, Laura, 1999, Opportunities leasing and development on part of the Valentine, G. M., Inventory of for small geothermal power projects: Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington minerals—Part I, Volume 1, Geo-Heat Center Bulletin, v. 20, no. 2, Skamania County, Washington: U.S. Nonmetallic minerals, 2d ed., rev. by M. p. 27-29. [http://geoheat.oit.edu/bulletin/ Forest Service USDA-FS-R6-FES- T. Huntting: Washington Division of bull20-2/art3.pdf] (ADM)79-1, 397 p. Mines and Geology Bulletin 37, pt. 1, Vi tro En gi neer ing Cor po ra tion, 1981, U.S. For est Ser vice, 1982, Geothermal v. 1, p. 64-67. Geothermally assisted heat pump system resources seminar, Mt. Baker– Van Denburgh, A. S.; Santos, J. F., 1965, feasibility study, Yakima Regional Post Snoqualmie National Forest, June 24, Ground water in Washington—Its Office, Yakima, Washington: Oregon 1982: U.S. Forest Service Pacific chemical and physical quality: Institute of Technology Geo-Heat Northwest Region, 1 v., looseleaf. Washington Division of Water Center, 1 v. U.S. For est Ser vice, 1988, Earth’s heat— Resources Water-Supply Bulletin 24, Vonheeder, E. R., 1978, Nonmetallic and Geothermal energy on the national 93 p. industrial minerals and energy forests of the Pacific Northwest: U.S. Van Orstrand, C. E., 1935, Normal exploration: Washington Geologic Forest Service, 12 p. geothermal gradient in the United States: Newsletter, v. 7, no. 1, p. 5-8. U.S. For est Ser vice, see also U.S. Bureau of American Association of Petroleum Waggoner, S. Z., see Stoffel, K. L. [and Land Management [and other], 2008. Geologists Bulletin, v. 19, no. 1, p. 78- others], 1991. 115. *U.S. Geo log i cal Sur vey, 1975, Wahl, E. F., 1977, Geothermal energy Geothermal steam act of 1970, Public Varnado, S. G., editor, 1980, Geothermal utilization: John Wiley and Sons, 302 p. Law 91-581, 91st Congress, S.368, drilling and completion technology development program annual progress Waldron, H. H., see Crandell, D. R. [and December 24, 1970, (84 Stat. 1566), (30 others], 1956. U.S.C. 1001-1025): U.S. Geological report, October 1979–September 1980: Survey, 45 p. Sandia National Laboratories SAND80- Waldron, R. L., 1986, Hydrothermal 2179, 524 p. alteration of the Gamma Ridge rocks, on U.S. Geo log i cal Sur vey, 1977, Verhoogen, Jean, 1937, Mount St. Helens— Glacier Peak, and their relation to hot Aeromagnetic map of part of northern spring activity: Western Washington Washington: U.S. Geological Survey A recent Cascade volcano: University of California Department of Geological University Master of Science thesis, Open-File Report 77-254, 2 sheets, scale 57 p. 1:62,500. Sciences Bulletin, v. 24, no. 9, p. 263- 302. Walkey, Clifton, 1984, Geochemistry and U.S. Geo log i cal Sur vey, 1980, Cascade structural setting of a geothermal spring Range could produce thermal energy as Vervoot, Jeff, see Dragovich, J. D. [and others], 2009. located north of the Washington–Oregon well as volcanoes: Remote Sensing border proximate to the Snake River: Quarterly, v. 2, no. 3, p. 41-43. Vice, D. H., 1976, Black Diamond Washington State University Master of U.S. Geo log i cal Sur vey, 1981, geothermal prospect, King Co., Science thesis, 66 p. Aeromagnetic map of the Indian Heaven Washington: Unpublished report, 7 sheets. Walsh, T. J.; Korosec, M. A.; Phillips, area, Washington: U.S. Geological W. M.; Logan, R. L.; Schasse, H. W., Survey Open-File Report 81-928, Vice, D. H., 1978, Data from the U.S. 1987, Geologic map of Washington— 1 sheet, scale 1:62,500. Geological Survey—Thermal IR Southwest quadrant: Washington U.S. Geo log i cal Sur vey, 1981, imagery of the Rainier corridor in Division of Geology and Earth Aeromagnetic map of the Mt. Adams Washington, [Letter to C. W. Jordan]: Resources Geologic Map GM-34, area, Washington: U.S. Geological [Published privately by the author], 3 p. 2 sheets, scale 1:250,000, with 28 p. Survey Open-File Report 81-929, Vice, D. H., 1978, Tieton geothermal text. 1 sheet, scale 1:62,500. prospect: [The author], 1 v. Walsh, T. J.; Logan, R. L., 2005, Geologic U.S. Geo log i cal Sur vey, 1981, Vice, D. H., 1980, Geothermal potential in map of the East Olympia 7.5-minute Aeromagnetic map of the Mt. Margaret Washington. In Bloomquist, R. G.; quadrangle, Thurston County, area, Washington: U.S. Geological Wonstolen, K. A., editors, Proceedings Washington: Washington Division of Survey Open-File Report 81-926, of the geothermal symposium— Geology and Earth Resources Geologic 1 sheet, scale 1:62,500. Potential, legal issues, economics, Map GM-56, 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000. U.S. Geo log i cal Sur vey, 1981, financing: Washington State Energy [http://www.dnr.wa.gov/Publications/ Aeromagnetic map of the Mt. St. Helens Office WAOENG-80-16, p. IV-1 – IV-7. ger_gm56_geol_map_eastolympia_ area, Washington: U.S. Geological Vice, D. H., 1980, The Pigeon Springs 24k.pdf] Survey Open-File Report 81-932, geothermal prospect, Cowlitz Co., Walsh, T. J.; Logan, R. L.; Polenz, Michael, 1 sheet, scale 1:62,500. Washington: Burlington Northern, 2003, Geologic map of the McNeil U.S. Geo log i cal Sur vey, 1995, Aerial [12 p.]. Island 7.5-minute quadrangle, Pierce infrared surveys in the investigation of Vice, D. H., 1980, The Summit Creek and Thurston Counties, Washington: geothermal and volcanic heat sources: geothermal prospect: Burlington Washington Division of Geology and U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 079- Northern, [8 p.], 1 plate, scale 1:62,500. Earth Resources Open File Report 2003- 95, 4 p. 22, 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000. [http://www. Vice, D. H., 2008, Geothermal exploration dnr.wa.gov/Publications/ger_ofr2003- Urbanek, M. W., 1978, Development of in the central Washington Cascades by 22_geol_map_mcneilisland_24k.pdf] direct contact heat exchangers for Burlington Northern: Unpublished geothermal brines—Final report for report, 18 p. eight (8) month period, October 4, Vice, D. H.; Gold, D. P., 1990, Some 1977–June 30, 1978: Lawrence Berkeley changes in the thermal and hydrologic Laboratory LBL-8558, 132 p. regime in the area around Mt. St. Helens from 1977 to 1981 [abstract]: Geological Association of Canada Program with Abstracts, v. 15, p. A-135. OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2 Wolff 87

Walsh, T. J.; Logan, R. L.; Polenz, Michael; Wat son, J. C., 1978, Sampling and analysis White, L. D., see Schasse, H. W., 2003, Geologic map of methods for geothermal fluids and Barnes, Ivan [and oth ers], 1981. the Nisqually 7.5-minute quadrangle, gases: Battelle Pacific Northwest Mariner, R. H. [and others], 2003. Thurston and Pierce Counties, Laboratories PNL-MA-572, 1 v. Nehring, N. L. [and others], 1979. Washington: Washington Division of Watzlaf, G. R.; Ackman, T. E., 2007, Thompson, J. M. [and oth ers], 1985, Geology and Earth Resources Open File Flooded underground coal mines—A 1988. Report 2003-10, 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000. significant source of inexpensive *White, Tom, editor, 1985, Geothermal [http://www.dnr.wa.gov/Publications/ geothermal energy: Reclamation Resources Council, Pacific Northwest ger_ofr2003-10_geol_map_nisqually_ Matters, v. 3, no. 2, p. 4-7. Section fall meeting, September 24–25, 24k.pdf] Waugh, Kathleen, see Holmes, Jenny [and 1985, Portland, Oregon, parts I and 11; Walsh, T. J.; Logan, R. L.; Schasse, H. W.; other], 1983. Summary report [preliminary]: William Polenz, Michael, 2003, Geologic map of L. Gilbertson Business Communications the Tumwater 7.5-minute quadrangle, Wax ing, G. A., 1913, Geology and water (Portland, Ore.) for U.S. Bonneville Thurston County, Washington: resources of a portion of south-central Power Administration, 89 p. Washington Division of Geology and Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 316, 46 p. Widness, S. E., 1983, Low temperature Earth Resources Open File Report 2003- geothermal resource evaluation of the 25, 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000. [http://www. Wayland, R. G., see Godwin, L. H. [and Moses Lake–Ritzville–Connell area, dnr.wa.gov/Publications/ger_ofr2003- others], 1971. Washington: U.S. Department of Energy 25_geol_map_tumwater_24k.pdf] Weakley, S. A., see Davis, A. E. [and Office of Scientific and Technical Walsh, T. J., see also others], 1980. Information DOE/ET/27014-T8, 27 p. Dragovich, J. D. [and oth ers], 2002, Weaver, C. S., 1976, Seismic events Widness, S. E., 1983, Low temperature 2007, 2009. on Cascade volcanoes [abstract]: geothermal resource evaluation of the Lingley, W. S., Jr. [and others], 1996. Dissertation Abstracts International, Moses Lake–Ritzville–Connell area, Lo gan, R. L. [and other], 2004, 2007. v. 37, no. 3, Section B, p. 1157B. Washington: Washington Division of Lo gan, R. L. [and oth ers], 2003, 2006, Weaver, C. S., 1976, Seismic events on Geology and Earth Resources Open File 2009. Cascade volcanoes: University of Report 83-11, 27 p. Schasse, H. W. [and oth ers], 2003. Washington Doctor of Philosophy Widness, S. E., 1986, The low-temperature Warfel, M. R., 1995, Application of thesis, 151 p. geothermal resource of the Moses Lake– groundwater-source heat pumps for Weaver, C. S., 1985, Combined regional Ritzville–Connell area, east-central heating and cooling in Washington State seismotectonics and the extent of Washington: Washington State [abstract]. In Washington Department of Cenozoic volcanism—An improved University Master of Science thesis, Ecology, Abstracts from the 1st first-order geothermal assessment of the 357 p., 2 plates. Symposium on the Hydrogeology of Cascade Range. In Guffanti, Marianne; Washington State: Washington Widness, S. E., see also Stoffel, K. L. [and Muffler, L. J. P., editors, Proceedings of Department of Ecology, p. 25. other], 1983. the workshop on geothermal resources War ing, G. A., 1965, Thermal springs of the Wil liams, D. L., see Finn, C. A. [and of the Cascade Range: U.S. Geological oth ers], 1983. United States and other countries of the Survey Open-File Report 85-521, world—A summary; revised by R. R. p. 14-17. Williams, S. A., see Blankenship and Ray Bentall: U.S. Dragovich, J. D. [and others], 2009. Webb, J., see Cantwell, Thomas [and Geological Survey Professional Paper White, D. E. [and oth ers], 1985. others], 1965. 492, 383 p. *Wil son, Alex, 2007, In the pipeline— Wegmann, K. W., see War ing, G. A., see also Stearns, N. D. [and District energy systems and green Polenz, Mi chael [and oth ers], 2004. others], 1937. building: Environmental Building News, Schasse, H. W. [and other], 2000. v. 16, no. 3, p. 1. Washington Department of Natural Schasse, H. W. [and oth ers], 2004. Resources, 1971, Papers presented at Wise, W. S., 1961, The geology and Wehlage, E. F., 1981, Conserving electric the First Northwest Conference on mineralogy of the Wind River area, power by geothermal refrigeration, geothermal power: Washington Washington, and the stability relations cooling and freezing: Oregon Institute of Department of Natural Resources, 1 v. of celadonite: Johns Hopkins University Technology Geo-Heat Center Quarterly Doctor of Philosophy thesis, 258 p., Wash ing ton Di vi sion of Ge ol ogy and Bulletin, v. 6, no. 2, p. 3-10. Earth Re sources, see also Biggane, 2 plates, scale 1:62,500. Welch, J. R., 1977, The mineral industry of J. H. [and others], 1983. Wise, W. S., 1970, Cenozoic volcanism in Washington: U.S. Bureau of Mines *Wash ing ton State En ergy Of fice, 1987?, the Cascade mountains of southern Minerals Yearbook 1974, Volume II, Washington: Washington Division of District heating and cooling: p. 749-757. Washington State Energy Office, 4 p. Mines and Geology Bulletin 60, 45 p., White, D. E.; Williams, D. L., editors, 1985, 1 plate. *Wash ing ton State En ergy Of fice, 1989, Assessment of geothermal resources of Witcher, J. C., 1980, Geothermal space Building conversion to district heating: the United States—1975: U.S. Washington State Energy Office, 4 p. heating/cooling: Oregon Institute of Geological Survey Circular 726, 155 p. Technology Geo-Heat Utilization Center Wash ing ton State En ergy Of fice, 1989, White, D. E., see also Quarterly Bulletin, v. 5, no. 2, p. 18-20. Designing new buildings for district Fournier, R. O. [and oth ers], 1974. Wohletz, Kenneth; Heiken, Grant, 1992, heating: Washington State Energy Godwin, L. H. [and oth ers], 1971. Office, 4 p. Volcanology and geothermal energy: White, D. P., see Dethier, D. P. [and others], University of California Press, 432 p. Wa ters, A. C., see 1996. Fiske, R. S. [and oth ers], 1963. Wolfe, M. W., see Dragovich, J. D. [and Hopson, C. A. [and oth ers], 1962. others], 2004. Wolff, F. E., see Dragovich, J. D. [and others], 2009. 88 Wonstolen OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2

Wonstolen, K. A., 1980, Geothermal Youngquist, Walter, 1976, Pacific Zietz, Isidore, see Swanson, D. A. [and legislative policy concerns. In Northwest geothermal—Review and others], 1979. Bloomquist, R. G.; Wonstolen, K. A., outlook: Geothermal Energy, v. 4, no. 5, Zimbelman, D. R.; Rye, R. O., 1996, editors, Proceedings of the geothermal p. 28-31. Dynamics of hydrothermal systems in symposium—Potential, legal issues, Youngquist, Walter, 1977, Pacific an active stratovolcano—Mount Rainier, economies, financing: Washington State Northwest geothermal; 1976 review, Washington [abstract]: Geological Energy Office WAOENG-80-16, 14 p. 1977 outlook: Geothermal Energy, v. 5, Society of America Abstracts with Wonstolen, K. A., see also no. 6, p. 8-17. Programs, v. 28, no. 7, p. A-334. Bloomquist, R. G. [and others], 1980. Youngquist, Walter, 1979, Pacific *Zimmerman, K. H.; Powell, R. H., Jr., Fahys-Smith, Virginia [and oth ers], 1981. Northwest geothermal; 1978 review, editors, 1987, Heat pumps—Prospects in Wood ruff, E. M., see Kindle, C. H. [and 1979 outlook: Geothermal Energy, v. 7, heat pump technology and marketing; others], 1981. no. 4, p. 11-15. Proceedings of the 1987 International Wright, G. A., see Swisher, Ron [and Youngquist, Walter, 1980, Pacific Energy Agency heat pump conference: others], 1990. Northwest geothermal—Review and Lewis Publishers (Chelsea, Mich.), 573 p. Wright, P. M., 1991, Geochemistry: Oregon outlook: Geothermal Energy, v. 8, Institute of Technology Geo-Heat Center no. 10-11, p. 3-11. Zurenko, S. E., see Schuster, J. E. [and Quarterly Bulletin, v. 13, no. 1, p. 8-12. Youngquist, Walter, 1981, Geothermal others], 1997. Wright, T. L., see Swanson, D. A. [and potential of the Cascades. In Geothermal others], 1979. Resources Council, Geothermal potential of the Cascade mountain Youngquist, Walter, 1976, Geothermal range—Exploration and development: energy—Northwest sleeping giant? Geothermal Resources Council Special [abstract]: Oregon Academy of Science Report 10, p. 25-29. Proceedings, v. 12, p. 61. Appen dix: Addi tional Sources of Geother mal Infor ma tion

West ern States Geo ther mal Da ta base 1975 and currently has over 2,000 subscrib ers. Back issues of This CD contains infor ma tion for the follow ing states (no. of en- this pe ri od i cal are avail able upon re quest. tries): Alaska (238), Ar i zona (1251), Cal i for nia (989), Col o rado Geo-Heat Cen ter web links (168), Idaho (1555), Montana (292), Nebraska (87), Nevada (455), New Mexico (361), North Da kota (128), Ore gon (2195), The Geo-Heat Cen ter webpage, Other Places of In terest , pro- South Dakota (821), Texas (1101), Utah (964), Washing ton vides valu able links to other geo ther mal or ga ni za tions, equip- (814), and Wyo ming (356). ment man u fac tur ers, and lab o ra to ries (http://geoheat.oit.edu/ The CD may contain up to five data bases for each of the west- other.htm). ern states above. The five da tabases are: Geothermal Resources Council Bulletin 1) Wells and Springs—contains all the known wells and springs for that state with a temper a ture typ ically greater Six vol umes an nu ally. Na tional and in ter na tional geo ther mal than 20°C. news. 2) Chem is try—contains the most common fluid chemis try for Geo ther mal Re sources Coun cil the wells and springs listed in the Wells and Springs data - 2001 Sec ond Street, Suite 5 base. Chemis try infor ma tion was not available for Texas PO Box 1350 and Nebraska. Da vis, CA 95617-1350 3) Other In for ma tion—con tains ad di tional in for ma tion found Phone: 530-758-2360; Website: www.geothermal.org in the origi nal data bases that did not fit in the above two databases. Metadata for Geo ther mal Lo ca tions in Washing ton State, ver sion 1.0 4) Di rect-Use Sites—con tains known lo ca tions of ex ist ing (FGDC and ESRI metadata) direct-use sites for each state. The states of Ar kan sas, This dataset (http://www.dnr.wa.gov/Publications/ger_data_ Georgia, Ha waii, New York and Vir ginia were also in- geothermal_locations.htm) presents infor ma tion on the loca - cluded in the da tabase since they all have di rect-use. tion, phys i cal char ac ter is tics, and wa ter chem is try of geo ther - 5) Col lo cated Sites—con tains in for ma tion on pop u la tion cen- mal resources in Washing ton. It includes 941 thermal wells, 34 ters located within 8 km of a known resource with a tem - ther mal springs, lakes, and fumaroles, and 238 chem ical analy - per a ture of 50°C or greater. ses. Most ther mal springs oc cur in the Cascade Range, and The da tabases are available in three dif fer ent for mats for use many are as soci ated with stratovolcanoes. In contrast, 97 per- over a wide range of spreadsheets and data base programs. The cent of ther mal wells are lo cated in the Co lumbia Ba sin of three for mats are listed be low: southeast ern Washing ton. Some 83.5 per cent are located in 1) QuattroPro 8 exten sion *.wb3 Adams, Benton, Franklin, Grant, Walla Walla, and Yakima Counties. Yakima County, with 259 thermal wells, has the most. 2) Microsoft Excel 97 exten sion *.xls 3) Comma delim ited text exten sion *.csv U.S. Geother mal Re source (3–10 km depth) Price: For all the western states, $27.50; for just one state, In ter ac tive maps, ti tled U.S. Geother mal Resource (3-10 km $12.00. To order the data base CD online go to the Geo-Heat depth) are avail able on line at http://www.google.org/egs. You Cen ter Store [https://www.oit.edu/Storefront/geoheat/Store/ may need to download Google Earth at http://earth.google.com Default.aspx]. to view the maps. Map data include Enhanced Geother mal Sys- For further infor ma tion, contact the Geo-Heat Center at 541- tems (EGS) po ten tial and state-by-state in for mation. 885-1750 or send an e-mail to [email protected]. Please include From: Geother mal Bul le tin, v. 37, no. 5, p. 23. a proper e-mail address within the text. Geo-Heat Center Federal and State Lands Lease Map Data 3201 Cam pus Drive As geother mal devel op ers move toward using the hot fluids pro- Klamath Falls, OR 97601 duced from oil and gas wells, a new map re leased by Pe tro leum Phone: 541-885-1750; Fax: 541-885-1754 GeoGraphics Corpo ra tion may be of inter est. The map holds layers of oil- and gas-leas ing data for fed eral and state lands in Geo-Heat Cen ter Quar terly Bul le tin on line all of the western United States. The map lay ers in clude a full The Geo-Heat Center Quar terly Bulle tin (http://geoheat.oit. legal de scrip tion, acre age, owner name, case type, in ter est- edu/bullet.htm) informs the geo ther mal tech ni cal com mu nity owner infor ma tion, case dis posi tion, action type and date, lease and the public on progress in re search and de velop ment activ i - status, price per acre, se rial number, commod ity type, and lease- ties of di rect heat uti li za tion of low-tem per a ture re sources. This ex pi ra tion date. pe ri od i cal pro vides valu able “how to” ar ti cles on var i ous geo- For more infor ma tion, go to http://www.Petroleumgeo ther mal appli cations and equipment. It has been published since graphics.com or call 1-877-747-0650. From: Geother mal Bul le tin, v. 37, no. 5, p. 12.

89 90 OPEN FILE REPORT 2009-2

Wash ing ton State Uni ver sity Ex ten sion Wash ing ton State Uni ver sity Ex ten sion En ergy En ergy Pro gram Pro gram Li brary The WSU En ergy Pro gram pro vides tech ni cal as sis tance and The Wash ing ton State Uni ver sity Ex ten sion (WSU/CE) En ergy pol icy anal y sis in sup port of the de vel op ing re new able en ergy Pro gram Li brary pro vides ob jec tive and up-to-date in for ma tion indus try in the state of Washing ton and na tionwide. and re search sup port re lated to en ergy-ef fi ciency, en ergy con - The WSU Energy Program has world-class exper tise in high- serva tion technol o gies, and renew able resources to: and low-tem per a ture geo ther mal en ergy. Their ex perts have pre- y WSU/CE En ergy Pro gram em ploy ees pared a se ries of case stud ies on commer cial geo ther mal heat y WSU faculty, staff, and students pumps. y En ergy pro fes sion als Current projects (2009) include the produc tion of geother mal y Pub lic and pri vate util i ties guidebooks for West ern states, and a leading role in the devel op - y Gov ern ment agen cies ment of state-level geo ther mal action plans. They are pre pared to y Cit i zens of Wash ing ton State an swer ques tions about cost, tech nol o gies, en vi ron men tal im - From: http://www.en ergy.wsu.edu/li brary/about.cfm pact and re li abil ity. Homepage: http://www.energy.wsu.edu/ Geo ther mal page: http://www.energy.wsu.edu/projects/renewables/ geothermal.cfm