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IMA FUNGUS · 5(2): 203–390 (2014) doi:10.5598/imafungus.2014.05.02.04 Cercosporoid fungi (Mycosphaerellaceae) 2. Species on monocots ARTICLE (Acoraceae to Xyridaceae, excluding Poaceae) Uwe Braun1, Pedro W. Crous2, and Chiharu Nakashima3 1Martin-Luther-Universität, Institut für Biologie, Bereich Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany; corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] 2CBS-KNAW, Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands 3Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurima-machiya, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan Abstract: Cercosporoid fungi (formerly Cercospora s. lat.) represent one of the largest groups of Key words: hyphomycetes belonging to the Mycosphaerellaceae (Ascomycota). They include asexual morphs, Ascomycota asexual holomorphs, or species with mycosphaerella-like sexual morphs. Most of them are leaf-spotting Cercospora s. lat. plant pathogens with special phytopathological relevance. In the first part of a new monographic work, Liliopsida cercosporoid hyphomycetes occurring on other fungi (fungicolous species), on ferns (pteridophytes) and hyphomycetes gymnosperms were treated. This second part deals with cercosporoid fungi on monocots (Liliopsida; Equisetopsida, Magnoliidae, Lilianae), which covers species occurring on host plants belonging to families arranged in alphabetical order from Acoraceae to Xyridaceae, excluding Poaceae (cereals and grasses) which requires a separate treatment. The species are described and illustrated in alphabetical order under the particular cercosporoid genera, supplemented by keys to the species concerned. A detailed introduction, a survey of currently recognised cercosporoid genera, a key to the genera concerned, and a discussion of taxonomically relevant characters were published in the first part of this series.Neopseudocercospora , an additional recently introduced cercosporoid genus, is briefly discussed. The following taxonomic novelties are introduced: Cercospora alpiniigena sp. nov., C. neomaricae sp. nov., Corynespora palmicola comb. nov., Exosporium miyakei comb. nov., E. petersii comb. nov., Neopseudocercospora zambiensis comb. nov., Passalora caladiicola comb. nov., P. streptopi comb. nov., P. togashiana comb. nov., P. tranzschelii var. chinensis var. nov., Pseudocercospora beaucarneae comb. nov., P. constrictoflexuosacomb. et stat. nov., P. curcumicola sp. nov., P. dispori comb. nov., P. smilacicola sp. nov., P. urariigena nom. nov., Zasmidium agavicola comb. nov., Z. cercestidis-afzelii comb. nov., Z. citri-griseum comb. nov., Z. cyrtopodii comb. nov., Z. gahnae comb. nov., Z. indicum comb. nov., Z. liriopes comb. nov., Z. mycovellosielloides sp. nov., Z. scleriae comb. nov., Z. smilacicola comb. nov., and Z. thaliae comb. nov. Article info: Submitted: 2 June 2014; Accepted: 31 October 2014; Published: 25 November 2014. INTRODUCTION the names of sexual morphs described as Mycosphaerella s. lat. species are cited as synonyms of the particular species Cercospora-like fungi represent one of the largest groups of Cercospora, Passalora, Pseudocercospora, etc. A general of mostly plant pathogenic, leaf-spotting hyphomycetes, introduction, covering all aspects of cercosporoid fungi, causing numerous economically relevant diseases of ranging from the history of genera to keys to the currently cultivated plants. The only worldwide monograph of this recognised genera, has been published in the first part of this fungal group, published by Chupp (1954), is badly out of date. series of monographic contributions together with detailed A new “Chupp” is urgently required by plant pathologists. treatments of species on other fungi (mycophylic taxa), on Therefore, Braun et al. (2013) initiated initiative series of ferns as well as gymnosperms. The present part is devoted to papers to update the monograph of Cercospora and allied cercosporoid hyphomycetes on monocots, covering species genera (Mycosphaerellaceae), which is being accomplished on hosts belonging to the Acoraceae to the Xyridaceae, in a stepwise approach due to the huge size of this fungal but excluding those occurring on true grasses and cereals group. Sexual morphs (teleomorphs) are included in the (Poaceae), which necessitates a separate treatment owing to descriptions as far as known and proven. Mycosphaerella s. the numerous species involved. The treatment of cercosporoid str., which is based on M. punctiformis, its type species, is a fungi on monocots follows the principles outlined in part 1 heterotypic synonym of Ramularia (Braun et al. 2013). Hence, (Braun et al. 2013). © 2014 International Mycological Association You are free to share - to copy, distribute and transmit the work, under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non-commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No derivative works: You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work, which can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/legalcode. Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder. Nothing in this license impairs or restricts the author’s moral rights. VOLUME 5 · NO. 2 203 Braun et al. MATERIALS AND METHODS Description: Hyphomycetes (asexual morphs); Myco- sphaerellaceae. Foliicolous, plant pathogenic. Mycelium The present work is a compilation based on papers and superficial; hyphae branched, septate, pigmented, smooth- unpublished data of the authors as well as global literature. walled. Stromata lacking. Conidiophores solitary, arising from Details on methods are to be found in the papers cited. As superficial hyphae, lateral, one-celled or septate, pigmented; ARTICLE far as new examinations are concerned, fungal structures conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal or conidiophores have been examined on the base of standard methods of light reduced to conidiogenous cells, proliferation percurrent or microscopy, using an Olympus BX50 microscope, with distilled sympodial and percurrent proliferations mixed, conidiogenous water and lactic acid as media, but without any staining. If loci truncate, relatively broad, neither thickened nor darkened. possible, measurements of 30 conidia and other structures Conidia solitary, rather sporidesmium/scolecostigmina- have been made at a magnification of ×1000. All illustrations like, scolecosporous, pluriseptate, pigmented, rather dark have been prepared by the first author. The following in mass, wall somewhat thickened, hilum broadly truncate, abbreviations are used: author names follow Brummit & Powell neither thickened nor darkened, but with a minute frill. (1992), journals Bridson (2004a, b), and exsiccatae http:// www.botanischestaatssammlung.de/DatabaseClient/IndExs/ Notes: Neopseudocercospora is morphologically reminiscent index.jsp (IndExs – Index of Exsiccatae). Taxonomy and of the genus Sporidesmium (Sordariomycetes), but belongs to nomenclature of plant families, genera and species are based Mycosphaerellaceae where it clusters with Microcyclosporella on the “Angiosperm Phylogeny Website” (http://www.mobot. and zasmidium-like species (clade 8 in Crous et al. 2013a). org/mobot/research/apweb/), Tropicos database (http://www. Due to the unthickened, non-pigmented conidiogenous loci Tropicos.org/), and The Plant List (http://www.theplantlist.org). and conidial hila, the type species of Neopseudocercospora would be morphologically assignable to Pseudocercospora, but phylogenetically it does not belong in the Pseudocercospora SEXUAL MORPHS AND CURRENTLY clade and warrants a genus of its own. Morphologically it RECOGNISED CERCOSPOROID GENERA – differs from most Pseudocercospora species by its rather AN ADDITION sporidesmium/scolecostigmina-like conidia. Deighton (in Cejp & Deighton 1969) introduced Sporidesmium zambiense, Crous et al. (2013b) introduced the new genus based on material on Terminalia mollis collected in Zambia, Neopseudocercospora with its type species N. terminaliae, which Sutton (1994) reallocated to Pseudocercospora. This described from Zambia on Terminalia sp. This genus is species is conspecific with Neopseudocercospora terminaliae. morphologically intermediate between Pseudocercospora Subramanian (1992) assigned S. zambiense to Repetophragma, and Sporidesmium, but phylogenetically belongs in but that genus is not appropriate for the present species as it is Mycosphaerellaceae and must thus be considered a true characterised, based on its type species, by having consistently, cercosporoid genus. conspicuously percurrent conidiogenous cells with numerous, dense annellations and didymo- to phragmosporous brown Neopseudocercospora Crous, Persoonia 31: 219 conidia with an almost colourless base. The phylogenetic (2013). position of this genus is not yet known, but probably does not lie Type species: Neopseudocercospora terminaliae Crous, 2013 within Mycosphaerellaceae. (i.e. N. zambiensis (Deighton) Crous & U. Braun 2014). Neopseudocercospora zambiensis (Deighton) TaXONOMIC TREATMENT Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov. MycoBank MB809006 Cercosporoid species on monocots (Acora- Basionym: Sporidesmium zambiense Deighton, Mycol. Pap. ceae to Xyridaceae) 117: 27 (1969). Synonyms: Repetophragma zambiense (Deighton) Acoraceae Subram., Proc. Indian Acad.
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    รายงานโครงการวิจัย มาตรการสุขอนามัยพืชในการส่งออกสินค้าเกษตร Phytosanitary measures for the exportation of plant commodities ณัฏฐพร อุทัยมงคล Natthaporn Uthaimongkol ปี พ.ศ. 2559 2 รายงานโครงการวิจัย มาตรการสุขอนามัยพืชในการส่งออกสินค้าเกษตร Phytosanitary measures for the exportation of plant commodities ณัฏฐพร อุทัยมงคล Natthaporn Uthaimongkol ปี พ.ศ. 2559 3 สารบัญ หน้า กิตติกรรมประกาศ……………………………………………………………………………………………..…….…….………4 ผู้วิจัย………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……….….5 บทนํา………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…….……6 บทคัดย่อ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……7 กิจกรรมที่ 1 การศึกษามาตรการสุขอนามัยพืชในการส่งออกสินค้าเกษตรที่มีศักยภาพ กิจกรรมย่อยที่ 1.1 ศึกษามาตรการสุขอนามัยพืชในการส่งออกผักและเมล็ดพันธุ์ การทดลองที่ 1.1.1 ศึกษามาตรการสุขอนามัยพืชในการส่งออกหน่อไม้ฝรั่ง..........10 กิจกรรมย่อยที่ 1.2 ศึกษามาตรการสุขอนามัยพืชในการส่งออกผลไม้ การทดลองที่ 1.2.1 ศึกษามาตรการสุขอนามัยพืชในการส่งออกผลส้มโอ..............66 การทดลองที่ 1.2.2 ศึกษามาตรการสุขอนามัยพืชในการส่งออกผลมะพร้าวอ่อน..78 บทสรุปและข้อเสนอแนะ....................................................................................................................98 เอกสารอ้างอิง.....................................................................................................................................99 4 กิตติกรรมประกาศ ทางคณะผู้วิจัยขอขอบคุณ นายอุดร อุณหวุฒิ ที่ปรึกษากรมวิชาการเกษตร ผู้อํานวยการ สํานักวิจัยพัฒนาการอารักขาพืช ตลอดจนคณะทํางานติดตามและประเมินผลงานวิจัย ซึ่งให้ความ คิดเห็น ข้อเสนอแนะ และแนวทางในการปรับปรุงแก้ไขรายงานการวิจัย