Phylogenetic Lineages in the Capnodiales
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Castanedospora, a New Genus to Accommodate Sporidesmium
Cryptogamie, Mycologie, 2018, 39 (1): 109-127 © 2018 Adac. Tous droits réservés South Florida microfungi: Castanedospora,anew genus to accommodate Sporidesmium pachyanthicola (Capnodiales, Ascomycota) Gregorio DELGADO a,b*, Andrew N. MILLER c & Meike PIEPENBRING b aEMLab P&K Houston, 10900 BrittmoorePark Drive Suite G, Houston, TX 77041, USA bDepartment of Mycology,Institute of Ecology,Evolution and Diversity, Goethe UniversitätFrankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str.13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany cIllinois Natural History Survey,University of Illinois, 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, IL 61820, USA Abstract – The taxonomic status and phylogenetic placement of Sporidesmium pachyanthicola in Capnodiales(Dothideomycetes) are revisited based on aspecimen collected on the petiole of adead leaf of Sabal palmetto in south Florida, U.S.A. New evidence inferred from phylogenetic analyses of nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence data together with abroad taxon sampling at family level suggest that the fungus is amember of Extremaceaeand therefore its previous placement within the broadly defined Teratosphaeriaceae was not supported. Anew genus Castanedospora is introduced to accommodate this species on the basis of its distinct morphology and phylogenetic position distant from Sporidesmiaceae sensu stricto in Sordariomycetes. The holotype material from Cuba was found to be exhausted and the Florida specimen, which agrees well with the original description, is selected as epitype. The fungus produced considerably long cylindrical to narrowly obclavate conidia -
The Genus Mycosphaerella and Its Anamorphs Cercoseptoria, Dothistroma and Lecanosticta on Pines
COMMONWEALTH MYCOLOGICAL INSTITUTE Issued August 1984 Mycological Papers, No. 153 The Genus Mycosphaerella and its Anamorphs Cercoseptoria, Dothistroma and Lecanosticta on Pines H. C. EVANS 1 SUMMARY Three important pine needle pathogens, with teleomorphs assigned to th~ genus Mycosphaerella Johanson, are described: M. dearnessii Barr; M. pini (E. Rostrup apud Munk) and M. gibsonii sp. novo Historical, morphological, ecological and pathological details are presented and discussed, based on the results of a three-year survey of Central American pine forests and supplemented by an examination of worldwide collections. The fungi, much better known by their anamorphs and the diseases they cause: Lecanosticta acicola (Thurn.) H. Sydow (Lecanosticta or brown-spot needle blight); Dothistroma septospora (Doroguine) Morelet (Dothistroma or red-band needle blight) and Cercoseptoria pini• densiflorae (Hori & Nambu) Deighton (Cercospora or brown needle blight), are considered to be indigenous to Central America, constituting part of the needle mycoflora of native pine species. M. dearnessii commonly occurred on pines in all the life zones investigated (tropical to temperate), M. pini was locally abundant in cloud forests but confined to this habitat, whilst M. gibsonii was rare. Significant, environmentally-related changes were noted in the anamorph of M. dearnessii from different collections. Conidia collected from pines growing in habitats exposed to a high light intensity were generally larger, more pigmented and ornamented compared with those from upland or cloud forest regions. These findings are discussed in relation to the parameters governing taxonomic significance. An appendix is included in which various pine-needle fungi collected in Central America, and thought likely to be confused with the aforementioned Mycosphaerella anamorphs are described: Lecanosticta cinerea (Dearn.) comb. -
Cladosporium Lebrasiae, a New Fungal Species Isolated from Milk Bread Rolls in France
fungal biology 120 (2016) 1017e1029 journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/funbio Cladosporium lebrasiae, a new fungal species isolated from milk bread rolls in France Josiane RAZAFINARIVOa, Jean-Luc JANYa, Pedro W. CROUSb, Rachelle LOOTENa, Vincent GAYDOUc, Georges BARBIERa, Jerome^ MOUNIERa, Valerie VASSEURa,* aUniversite de Brest, EA 3882, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversite et Ecologie Microbienne, ESIAB, Technopole^ Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzane, France bCBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands cMeDIAN-Biophotonique et Technologies pour la Sante, Universite de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, FRE CNRS 3481 MEDyC, UFR de Pharmacie, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51096 Reims cedex, France article info abstract Article history: The fungal genus Cladosporium (Cladosporiaceae, Dothideomycetes) is composed of a large Received 12 February 2016 number of species, which can roughly be divided into three main species complexes: Cla- Received in revised form dosporium cladosporioides, Cladosporium herbarum, and Cladosporium sphaerospermum. The 29 March 2016 aim of this study was to characterize strains isolated from contaminated milk bread rolls Accepted 15 April 2016 by phenotypic and genotypic analyses. Using multilocus data from the internal transcribed Available online 23 April 2016 spacer ribosomal DNA (rDNA), partial translation elongation factor 1-a, actin, and beta- Corresponding Editor: tubulin gene sequences along with Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Matthew Charles Fisher morphological observations, three isolates were identified as a new species in the C. sphaer- ospermum species complex. This novel species, described here as Cladosporium lebrasiae,is Keywords: phylogenetically and morphologically distinct from other species in this complex. Cladosporium sphaerospermum ª 2016 British Mycological Society. -
Indoor Wet Cells As a Habitat for Melanized Fungi, Opportunistic
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Indoor wet cells as a habitat for melanized fungi, opportunistic pathogens on humans and other Received: 23 June 2017 Accepted: 30 April 2018 vertebrates Published: xx xx xxxx Xiaofang Wang1,2, Wenying Cai1, A. H. G. Gerrits van den Ende3, Junmin Zhang1, Ting Xie4, Liyan Xi1,5, Xiqing Li1, Jiufeng Sun6 & Sybren de Hoog3,7,8,9 Indoor wet cells serve as an environmental reservoir for a wide diversity of melanized fungi. A total of 313 melanized fungi were isolated at fve locations in Guangzhou, China. Internal transcribed spacer (rDNA ITS) sequencing showed a preponderance of 27 species belonging to 10 genera; 64.22% (n = 201) were known as human opportunists in the orders Chaetothyriales and Venturiales, potentially causing cutaneous and sometimes deep infections. Knufa epidermidis was the most frequently encountered species in bathrooms (n = 26), while in kitchens Ochroconis musae (n = 14), Phialophora oxyspora (n = 12) and P. europaea (n = 10) were prevalent. Since the majority of species isolated are common agents of cutaneous infections and are rarely encountered in the natural environment, it is hypothesized that indoor facilities explain the previously enigmatic sources of infection by these organisms. Black yeast-like and other melanized fungi are frequently isolated from clinical specimens and are known as etiologic agents of a gamut of opportunistic infections, but for many species their natural habitat is unknown and hence the source and route of transmission remain enigmatic. Te majority of clinically relevant black yeast-like fungi belong to the order Chaetothyriales, while some belong to the Venturiales. Propagules are mostly hydro- philic1 and reluctantly dispersed by air, infections mostly being of traumatic origin. -
High Diversity and Morphological Convergence Among Melanised Fungi from Rock Formations in the Central Mountain System of Spain
Persoonia 21, 2008: 93–110 www.persoonia.org RESEARCH ARTICLE doi:10.3767/003158508X371379 High diversity and morphological convergence among melanised fungi from rock formations in the Central Mountain System of Spain C. Ruibal1, G. Platas2, G.F. Bills2 Key words Abstract Melanised fungi were isolated from rock surfaces in the Central Mountain System of Spain. Two hundred sixty six isolates were recovered from four geologically and topographically distinct sites. Microsatellite-primed biodiversity PCR techniques were used to group isolates into genotypes assumed to represent species. One hundred and sixty black fungi three genotypes were characterised from the four sites. Only five genotypes were common to two or more sites. Capnodiales Morphological and molecular data were used to characterise and identify representative strains, but morphology Chaetothyriales rarely provided a definitive identification due to the scarce differentiation of the fungal structures or the apparent Dothideomycetes novelty of the isolates. Vegetative states of fungi prevailed in culture and in many cases could not be reliably dis- extremotolerance tinguished without sequence data. Morphological characters that were widespread among the isolates included scarce micronematous conidial states, endoconidia, mycelia with dark olive-green or black hyphae, and mycelia with torulose, isodiametric or moniliform hyphae whose cells develop one or more transverse and/or oblique septa. In many of the strains, mature hyphae disarticulated, suggesting asexual reproduction by a thallic micronematous conidiogenesis or by simple fragmentation. Sequencing of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1, ITS2) and 5.8S rDNA gene were employed to investigate the phylogenetic affinities of the isolates. According to ITS sequence alignments, the majority of the isolates could be grouped among four main orders of Pezizomycotina: Pleosporales, Dothideales, Capnodiales, and Chaetothyriales. -
PERSOONIAL R Eflections
Persoonia 23, 2009: 177–208 www.persoonia.org doi:10.3767/003158509X482951 PERSOONIAL R eflections Editorial: Celebrating 50 years of Fungal Biodiversity Research The year 2009 represents the 50th anniversary of Persoonia as the message that without fungi as basal link in the food chain, an international journal of mycology. Since 2008, Persoonia is there will be no biodiversity at all. a full-colour, Open Access journal, and from 2009 onwards, will May the Fungi be with you! also appear in PubMed, which we believe will give our authors even more exposure than that presently achieved via the two Editors-in-Chief: independent online websites, www.IngentaConnect.com, and Prof. dr PW Crous www.persoonia.org. The enclosed free poster depicts the 50 CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT most beautiful fungi published throughout the year. We hope Utrecht, The Netherlands. that the poster acts as further encouragement for students and mycologists to describe and help protect our planet’s fungal Dr ME Noordeloos biodiversity. As 2010 is the international year of biodiversity, we National Herbarium of the Netherlands, Leiden University urge you to prominently display this poster, and help distribute branch, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. Book Reviews Mu«enko W, Majewski T, Ruszkiewicz- The Cryphonectriaceae include some Michalska M (eds). 2008. A preliminary of the most important tree pathogens checklist of micromycetes in Poland. in the world. Over the years I have Biodiversity of Poland, Vol. 9. Pp. personally helped collect populations 752; soft cover. Price 74 €. W. Szafer of some species in Africa and South Institute of Botany, Polish Academy America, and have witnessed the of Sciences, Lubicz, Kraków, Poland. -
Diagnosis of Mycosphaerella Spp., Responsible for Mycosphaerella Leaf Spot Diseases of Bananas and Plantains, Through Morphotaxonomic Observations
Banana protocol Diagnosis of Mycosphaerella spp., responsible for Mycosphaerella leaf spot diseases of bananas and plantains, through morphotaxonomic observations Marie-Françoise ZAPATER1, Catherine ABADIE2*, Luc PIGNOLET1, Jean CARLIER1, Xavier MOURICHON1 1 CIRAD-Bios, UMR BGPI, Diagnosis of Mycosphaerella spp., responsible for Mycosphaerella leaf spot TA A 54 / K, diseases of bananas and plantains, through morphotaxonomic observations. 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, Abstract –– Introduction. This protocol aims to diagnose under laboratory conditions the France main Mycosphaerella spp. pathogens of bananas and plantains. The three pathogens Mycos- [email protected] phaerella fijiensis (anamorph Paracercospora fijiensis), M. musicola (anamorph Pseudocer- cospora musae) and M. eumusae (anamorph Pseudocercospora eumusae) are, respectively, 2 CIRAD-Bios, UPR Mult. Vég., Stn. Neufchâteau, 97130, the causal agents of Black Leaf Streak disease, Sigatoka disease and Eumusae Leaf Spot Capesterre Belle-Eau, disease. The principle, key advantages, starting plant material and time required for the Guadeloupe, France method are presented. Materials and methods. The laboratory materials required and details of the thirteen steps of the protocols (tissue clearing and in situ microscopic observa- [email protected] tions, isolation on artificial medium and cloning of single-spore isolate, in vitro sporulation and microscopic observations of conidia, and long-term storage of isolates) are described. Results. Diagnosis is based on the observations of anamorphs (conidiophores and conidia) which can be observed directly from banana leaves or after sporulation of cultivated isolates if sporulating lesions are not present on banana samples. France / Musa sp. / Mycosphaerella fijiensis / Mycosphaerella musicola / Mycosphaerella eumusae / foliar diagnosis / microscopy Identification des espèces de Mycosphaerella responsables des cercosprio- ses des bananiers et plantains, par des observations morphotaxonomiques. -
Pharmaceutical Potential of Marine Fungal Endophytes 11
Pharmaceutical Potential of Marine Fungal Endophytes 11 Rajesh Jeewon, Amiirah Bibi Luckhun, Vishwakalyan Bhoyroo, Nabeelah B. Sadeer, Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally, Sillma Rampadarath, Daneshwar Puchooa, V. Venkateswara Sarma, Siva Sundara Kumar Durairajan, and Kevin D. Hyde Contents 1 Introduction ................................................................................ 284 2 Biodiversity and Taxonomy of Endophytes ............................................... 285 3 Natural Products from Endophytes ........................................................ 286 4 Marine-Derived Compounds from Endophytes ........................................... 287 5 Antibacterial Agents ....................................................................... 288 6 Marine Fungi as Antiparasitic, Antifungal, and Antiviral Agents ........................ 291 7 Antioxidant Agents ........................................................................ 292 8 Cytotoxic Agents ........................................................................... 293 9 Antidiabetic ................................................................................ 296 10 Miscellaneous Agents ...................................................................... 296 R. Jeewon (*) · A. B. Luckhun · N. B. Sadeer · M. F. Mahomoodally Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Moka, Mauritius e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] V. Bhoyroo · S. Rampadarath · D. Puchooa Faculty of Agriculture, -
Mycosphaerella Musae and Cercospora "Non-Virulentum" from Sigatoka Leaf Spots Are Identical
banan e Mycosphaerella musae and Cercospora "Non-Virulentum" from Sigatoka Leaf Spots Are Identical R .H . STOVE R ee e s•e•• seeese•eeeeesee e Tela Railroad C ° Mycosphaerella musae Comparaison des Mycosphaerella musa e La Lima, Cortè s and Cercospora souches de Mycosphae- y Cercospora "no Hondura s "Non-Virulentum " relia musae et de Cerco- virulenta" de Sigatoka from Sigatoka Leaf Spots spora "non virulent" son identical' Are Identical. isolées sur des nécroses de Sigatoka. ABSTRACT RÉSUM É RESUME N Cercospora "non virulentum" , Des souches de Cercospora Cercospora "no virulenta" , commonly isolated from th e "non virulentes", isolée s comunmente aislada de early streak stage of Sigatok a habituellement lorsque les estadios tempranos de Sigatoka leaf spots caused b y premières nécroses de Sigatoka , causada por Mycosphaerella Mycosphaerella musicola and dues à Mycosphaerella musicola musicola y M. fijiensis, e s M. fijiensis, is identical to et M . fijiensis, apparaissent su r identica a M. musae. Ambas M. musae . Both produce th e les feuilles, sont identiques à producen el mismo conidi o same verruculose Cercospora- celles de M. musae. Les deux entre 4 a 5 dias en agar. like conidia within 4 to 5 day s souches produisent les mêmes No se produjeron conidios on plain agar. No conidia ar e conidies verruqueuses aprè s en las hojas . Descarga s produced on banana leaves . 4 à 5 jours de culture sur de de ascosporas de M. musae Discharge of M. musa e lagar pur . Aucune conidic son mas abundantes en hoja s ascospores from massed lea f nest produite sur les feuilles infectadas con M . -
Department of Plant Pathology
DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF STELLENBOSCH RESEARCH OUTPUT PUBLICATIONS In scientific journals 1. Van Der Bijl, P.A. 1921. Additional host-plants of Loranthaceae occurring around Durban. South African Journal of Science 17: 185-186. 2. Van Der Bijl, P.A. 1921. Note on the I-Kowe or Natal kafir mushroom, Schulzeria Umkowaan. South African Journal of Science 17: 286-287. 3. Van Der Bijl, P.A. 1921. A paw-paw leaf spot caused by a Phyllosticta sp. South African Journal of Science 17: 288-290. 4. Van Der Bijl, P.A. 1921. South African Xylarias occurring around Durban, Natal. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 9: 181-183, 1921. 5. Van Der Bijl, P.A. 1921. The genus Tulostoma in South Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 9: 185-186. 6. Van Der Bijl, P.A. 1921. On a fungus - Ovulariopsis Papayae, n. sp. - which causes powdery mildew on the leaves of the pawpaw plant (Carica papaya, Linn.). Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 9: 187-189. 7. Van Der Bijl, P.A. 1921. Note on Lysurus Woodii (MacOwan), Lloyd. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 9: 191-193. 8. Van Der Bijl, P.A. 1921. Aantekenings op enige suikerriet-aangeleenthede. Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Union of South Africa 2: 122-128. 9. Van Der Bijl, P.A. 1922. On some fungi from the air of sugar mills and their economic importance to the sugar industry. South African Journal of Science 18: 232-233. 10. Van Der Bijl, P.A. -
Fungal Endophytes As Efficient Sources of Plant-Derived Bioactive
microorganisms Review Fungal Endophytes as Efficient Sources of Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds and Their Prospective Applications in Natural Product Drug Discovery: Insights, Avenues, and Challenges Archana Singh 1,2, Dheeraj K. Singh 3,* , Ravindra N. Kharwar 2,* , James F. White 4,* and Surendra K. Gond 1,* 1 Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; [email protected] 2 Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India 3 Department of Botany, Harish Chandra Post Graduate College, Varanasi 221001, India 4 Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] (D.K.S.); [email protected] (R.N.K.); [email protected] (J.F.W.); [email protected] (S.K.G.) Abstract: Fungal endophytes are well-established sources of biologically active natural compounds with many producing pharmacologically valuable specific plant-derived products. This review details typical plant-derived medicinal compounds of several classes, including alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, glycosides, lignans, phenylpropanoids, quinones, saponins, terpenoids, and xanthones that are produced by endophytic fungi. This review covers the studies carried out since the first report of taxol biosynthesis by endophytic Taxomyces andreanae in 1993 up to mid-2020. The article also highlights the prospects of endophyte-dependent biosynthesis of such plant-derived pharma- cologically active compounds and the bottlenecks in the commercialization of this novel approach Citation: Singh, A.; Singh, D.K.; Kharwar, R.N.; White, J.F.; Gond, S.K. in the area of drug discovery. After recent updates in the field of ‘omics’ and ‘one strain many Fungal Endophytes as Efficient compounds’ (OSMAC) approach, fungal endophytes have emerged as strong unconventional source Sources of Plant-Derived Bioactive of such prized products. -
Market Access of Papua New Guinea Bananas (Musa Spp.) with Particular Respect to Banana Fly (Bactrocera Musae (Tryon)) (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Market Access of Papua New Guinea Bananas (Musa spp.) with Particular Respect to Banana Fly (Bactrocera musae (Tryon)) (Diptera: Tephritidae) Amanda Mararuai B.Sc Agriculture, Graduate Diploma in Applied Science A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Natural Resource Sciences Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Australia April 2010 Keywords Bactrocera musae, banana fly, bananas, biosecurity, host availability, invasion biology, invasive, market access, Musa spp., novel environment, Papua New Guinea, pest risk analysis, population distribution ii Abstract International market access for fresh commodities is regulated by international accepted phytosanitary guidelines, the objectives of which are to reduce the biosecurity risk of plant pest and disease movement. Papua New Guinea (PNG) has identified banana as a potential export crop and to help meet international market access requirements, this thesis provides information for the development of a pest risk analysis (PRA) for PNG banana fruit. The PRA is a three step process which first identifies the pests associated with a particular commodity or pathway, then assesses the risk associated with those pests, and finally identifies risk management options for those pests if required. As the first step of the PRA process, I collated a definitive list on the organisms associated with the banana plant in PNG using formal literature, structured interviews with local experts, grey literature and unpublished file material held in PNG field research stations. I identified 112 organisms (invertebrates, vertebrate, pathogens and weeds) associated with banana in PNG, but only 14 of these were reported as commonly requiring management. For these 14 I present detailed information summaries on their known biology and pest impact.