November 2008 Newsletter
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Odontoglossum Alliance Newsletter Volume 5 November 2008 Odontoglossum Species Reference Edition Special Edition Odontoglossum Species This is a Special Edition of the Odontoglossum Alliance Newsletter devoted to producing a reference edition of the odontoglossum species. Dr. Guido Deburghgraeve has an extensive collection of odontoglossum species and provided us with a DVD of the flowers of the species in his collection. This edition is devoted to showing these flowers. The pic tures are augmented by (1) additional pictures of species from Steve Beckendorf’s collection and (2) the complete list of odontoglossum species as produced by Kew Gardens. This list contains what they consider as the recognized names as well as the historical names applied to each species. It is planned that this edition will be repeated in the future with other genera in the Odontoglossum Alliance. The pictures have (when available) both a facing photograph and a profile photograph. Where there are multiple photographs of the same species, this is done to show the variability within the species. There were more photographs available then we had space and money to show in this edition. A number of these species are marked with an X indicat- ing a natural hybrid. Please see the explanation and definition of natural hybrids by Steve Beckendorf in the newsletter following the photographs. The Alliance is indebted to Dr. Guido Deburghgraeve for supplying the DVD of his flowers, to Stig Dalstrom for consulting on the material and to Dr. Steve Beckendorf for his consultation, flower pictures and explanation of the mate rial contained m this issue. 1 ^ Volumn 6 November 2008 0dm ariasii 0dm ariasii 0dm armatum 0dm armatum 0dm aspidorhynum 0dm aurarium 0dm blandum 0dm blandum 2 . Volumn 6 November 2008 0dm cirrhosum 0dm cirrhosum iSi 0dm constrictum 0dm crinitum 0dm crispum 0dm crispum flavidum Odm crispum lehmanii maculatum 0dm crispum xanthotes 3 . Volumn 6 November 2008 0dm crispum 0dm crispum 1 » 0dm cristatellum 0dm cristatellum > V \ 0dm cristatum Odm cristatum furcatum f I Odm crocidipterum ssp.crocidipterum Odm crocidipterum ssp.crocidipterum 4 . Volumn 6 November 2008 0dm crocidipterum ssp. dormanianum 0dm cruentum Odm dracoceps 0dm epidendroides Odm epidendroides 0dm epidendroides Odm gloriosum Odm gloriosum 5 . Volumn 6 November 2008 0dm gloriosum 0dm hallii 0dm hallii Odm harryanum Odm juninense Odm kegeljanii E / Odm lindleyanum Odm lindleyanum 6 . Volumne November 2008 ▼ 4 I* 0dm lucianianum 0dm luteopurpureum I 0dm luteopurpureum 0dm micklowii VM J.... I 0dm mirandum 0dm mirandum 0dm multistellare Odm multistellare 7 • Volumn 6 November 2008 0dm multistellare 0dm naevium ; / 0dm naevium Odm nevadense Odm nobile Odm nobile Odm nobile Odm nobile 8 . Volumn 6 November 2008 Odm odoratum Odm odoratum Odm portillae Odm povedanum Odm praenitans Odm praestans Odm praestans Odm reversum 9 • Volumn 6 November 2008 0dm rhychanthum 0dm sceptrum t 0dm schillerianum 0dm spectatissimum - Vfly - A I..J ■Tti m. •4 m m \i / M > • 0dm spectatissimum 0dm spectatissimum 0dm subuligerum 0dm subuligerum 10 . Volumn 6 November 2008 V 4: ' i 0dm tenue 0dm tenuifolium 0dm tripudians 0dm velleum 4. W V ■ # a A. r -- MIMm Odm wallisii 0dm wyattianum A, Odm wyattianum Odm X andersonianum 11 Volumn 6 November 2008 Odm X andersonianum Odm X Elegans Odm X Harvengtense Odm X hennisii K Odm X Horsmannii Odm X leeanum Odm X mulus Odm X mulus Odm X wilckeanum 12 Natural Hybrids By Steve Beckendorf One of the fascinations of the odontoglossums is the amazing variety that is available in nature. This variation is most obvious in Odontoglossum crispum, which was discovered not only in many different shapes and sizes, but also in many different color patterns - white spotted or blotched with brown, red, or purple; yellow ground with red spots; all yellow or yellow and white flowers. When i was first getting interested in odonts I often heard that this extreme variation arose from a hybrid swarm, a kind of chaotic interbreeding among several species, as well as further breeding between the resulting hybrids, or backcrosses between the hybrids and the parental species. My recent trip to Colombia for the Medellin show clarified a bit better how all this hybridizing occurs. First a word about nomenclature. Natural hybrids are designated by placing an x between the genus name and the specific name, e g. Odontoglossum x andersonianum. I’m not sure, but I’ve always assumed that the x indicates that this plant arose as a cross between two species. Because this is a natural, not man-made, hybrid, the parents are not immediately known when an individual is found but can sometimes be deduced from the shape and color of the flowers and from the species that are known to grow nearby. Rolfe, writing in 1893 in the first volume of the Orchid Review, suggested that Odontoglossum natural hybrids are actually quite rare. They are, however, readily noticed by collectors because they are distinctly different from the species plants that they are intermixed with. Thus they may appear to be over represented in collections. Even though these hybrids are rare, over evolutionary time they probably do allow transferof genes between species that grow near each other. For example, in one area of overlapping ranges, crispum, luteopurpureum and gloriosum are juxtaposed. All three possible natural hybrids occur and all are showm in the photos in this issue, X andersonianum (crispum x gloriosum), x mulus (luteopurpureum x gloriosum) and x wiickeanum (crispum x luteopurpureum). All three are quite variable as are all three of the parental species. You may notice that three of the hybrids in Guido’s photos have the specific part of the name capitalized. These are 0dm. x Elegans, xHarvengtense, and x Horsmanii. These are not actually natural hybrids. Instead they are part of an ongoing project for Guido to test whether the presumed parents of some of the natural hybrids were actually correct. He made the crosses himself, grew the seedlings and flowered them to see if they looked like the corresponding natural hybrids. I think he plans one or more articles about this project so I’ll leave that to him. 13 Culture By Steve Beckendorf I’ve always thought of odontoglossums as a cool or cold growing orchids and I grew all the species in the same greenhouse, the only one I had. However, recently Cindy Hill and I rented a greenhouse for her intermediate orchids, and 1 thought that maybe some of the odonts would do better there. This led me to reread the cultue sections in Leonore Bockemuhl’s indispensible monograph and realize that she clearly states the “cultivation of the species in a common green house is not successful.” Accordingly, I’ve moved several species from the lower cloud forest (1800-2200 m) into Cindy’s greenhouse (I may have exceeded the available space). I won’t list all of the species here (they’re specified in Bockemuhl), but some of the more common ones are harryanum, wyattianum, and cirrhosum. They seem to be growing well in intermediate/cooUnter- mediate conditions, blooming more frequently and with more flowers. I would encourage others to try these species and their hybrids in conditions that are somewhat warmer than are typically used for crispum and its hybrids. Kew Manocot List of Odonloglossum Species The Odontoglossum Species list that fbllows is available from the Kew Gardens. It can be obtained from the following website: http://appSi.kew.Grg/wGsp/home One extensive list is at the Kew IVIonoeot Checklist site http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/home.do Ty pe in odontoglossum and it will return the list of accepted names (bold) and sy nonyms (regular) that follows. Notice that the natural hybrids are included with an X preceding the name. The list is pretty good but has a number of probably incorrect names ( Dr. Guido Deburghgraeve, Stig Dal- stom and r would agree on most but not all of the mistakes), some of them recognized as syn onyms by Bockemuhl and not yet red uced to synony my by Govaerts, the curator of the list, these include boddaertianum and hrubyanum. A few othersthat were published in 2001 in the leones Grchidacearum Peruviarum should actually be cyrtochirums but have not been formally trans ferred (callacallense, contaypacchaense, .gramazuense, llanachagaense, machupicchuense, pseudomelanthes, rubrocallosum). Odm. depauperatum is on the Kew list but WAS formally transferred to Cyrtochilum. That leaves a few Odontoglossums that are on the Kew list but not on Dr. Guido’s list; albertii, alvarezii, astranthum, dlgitatum, hauensteinii, helgae, heterosepalum, portmannii,platynaris, povedanum. Steve Beckendorf 14 Names in bold' indicate accepted' names> plain iist indicates non' accepted names. Qdontootosswn Kunth in F.W.H.von Hurriboldt.- A.J.A.BonDiand ■& -C.S.Kuntb, .Nov. 6en. Sp. 1: 3S0 (1816). Odontoglossum x acuminat/ssffnufn Rchb.f.. Card. Chron.. n.s.. 17; 256 (1882). Odofitoalossum acom/natom.' Lindi., Fdk Orchidv 1: 9 (1852). Odontoglossum X acfrianae L. Linden. Semaine Hort. 1: 150 f 1879)^ Odontoglossum albert! P.OrtiT, .Orauideoloqia 24" 5 (2005). Gdontoaiossum alboroseum,Dslstrdm, liindley,ana:9:,191 (1994); Odontoglossum ,a/exandrae-Baterdan, Gard. Ctiron. .1.864: 1Q.83 (18647. ■Odontoglossum alexandrae var.-coo/eson/7.B.S.\ffliliiams-& T.Mbore, Orctiid Album 3: t. 118 ('1884). Odontoglossum alexandrae var. flaveolum (RckbdA B.SMMams & T.Moore, Orchid Album 1: t. 43 (1883). Odontoglossum alexandrae van ootra/r?// B.S.Williams,. Orchid Album 9: t. 403 11891). Odontoglossum alexandrae vao stevens// B.S.Wiil jams & T. Moore, Orchid. Album. 3.: 1.27 (1884'). Odontoglossum alexandrae var. trianae Hook.f.. Bot. Mag. 94: t. 5691 (1868). Oc/ontoo/ossL/m a/exandrae var. w/7son/7 B.S.Williams. Orchid Album 9: t. 387 (1891). Ocfontoo/osswii afi^are^//P.QFtiz> Orquideologia 22: 7 (2001).