Comprehensive Study of the Urban Transport Development Program in Greater Yangon (Yutra Update)
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REPUBLIC OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS (MOTC) YANGON REGION GOVERNMENT (YRG) COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF THE URBAN TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM IN GREATER YANGON (YUTRA UPDATE) FINAL REPORT MAIN TEXT MARCH 2019 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) ALMEC CORPORATION NIPPON KOEI CO., LTD. ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS GLOBAL CO, LTD. 1R JR 019-029 REPUBLIC OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS (MOTC) YANGON REGION GOVERNMENT (YRG) COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF THE URBAN TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM IN GREATER YANGON (YUTRA UPDATE) FINAL REPORT MAIN TEXT MARCH 2019 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) ALMEC CORPORATION NIPPON KOEI CO., LTD. ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS GLOBAL CO, LTD. Table of Contents 1.1 Study Framework .......................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Study Implementation .................................................................................................... 1-3 2.1 Strategic Location and Role of Yangon ......................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Urban Transport System in Yangon .............................................................................. 2-4 2.3 Characteristics of Current Urban Transport Demand .................................................. 2-17 3.1 Approach and Methodology .......................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 Traffic Demand Forecast for 2035 ............................................................................... 3-14 4.1 Impact of Future Growth on Urban Transport in Yangon ............................................... 4-1 4.2 Transport Sector Goal and Basic Strategies ................................................................. 4-3 5.1 Review of YUTRA Network ........................................................................................... 5-1 5.2 Transport Network Analysis .......................................................................................... 5-3 5.3 Proposed Transport Network for Yangon .................................................................... 5-12 6.1 Regional Transport Characteristics ............................................................................... 6-1 6.2 Urban Logistics ............................................................................................................. 6-5 7.1 Urban Roads Development ........................................................................................... 7-1 7.2 Removal of Bottlenecks ................................................................................................. 7-6 7.3 Development of Missing Links in Built-up Urban Area ................................................. 7-10 7.4 Development of Missing Links in New Urban Area...................................................... 7-12 7.5 Urban Expressway Development ................................................................................ 7-13 7.6 Development of Outer Ring Road .............................................................................. 7-20 8.1 Public Transport System in Yangon .............................................................................. 8-1 8.2 Reform of Bus System in Yangon ................................................................................. 8-2 i 8.3 Current Operating Characteristics of YBS ..................................................................... 8-8 8.4 YBS Improvement Directions ...................................................................................... 8-19 8.5 Bus Pilot Project .......................................................................................................... 8-32 9.1 Main Issues ................................................................................................................... 9-1 9.2 Proposed Solutions and Measures................................................................................ 9-4 9.3 Proposed Actions ........................................................................................................ 9-15 10.1 Current Situation ......................................................................................................... 10-1 10.2 Direction of Urban Railway Development .................................................................... 10-5 10.3 Proposed Urban Rail Network ................................................................................... 10-10 10.4 Proposed Action Plan ................................................................................................ 10-14 11.1 Current Situation ......................................................................................................... 11-1 11.2 Development of New IWT Routes ............................................................................... 11-7 12.1 Understanding of TOD ................................................................................................ 12-1 12.2 Opportunities and Approach to TOD in Yangon ........................................................ 12-12 13.1 Proposed Transport Projects ....................................................................................... 13-1 13.2 Funding Opportunities ................................................................................................. 13-6 13.3 Preliminary Evaluation of Projects ............................................................................. 13-10 13.4 Findings on the Projects and Importance of Implementing Organization .................. 13-18 14.1 Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 14-1 14.2 Recommendations ...................................................................................................... 14-4 ii List of Tables and Figures Table 1.2.1 Meetings Held during the Study ............................................................................... 1-3 Table 2.1.1 Yangon in Myanmar, 2014 ......................................................................................... 2-1 Table 2.2.1 Vehicle Ownership in Yangon Region ...................................................................... 2-4 Table 2.2.2 Vehicle Ownership among International Corporations by City ............................. 2-4 Table 2.2.3 Population Growth in Greater Yangon by Urban Cluster ..................................... 2-10 Table 2.2.4 Profile of Roads ........................................................................................................ 2-11 Table 2.2.5 International Comparison of Shares of Road Area to Urban Area ...................... 2-11 Table 2.2.6 Understanding of Traffic Congestion ..................................................................... 2-12 Table 2.2.7 Vehicle Registration in Yangon Region ................................................................. 2-13 Table 2.2.8 Number of Taxi in Yangon Region .......................................................................... 2-14 Table 2.2.9 Fare System of Taxi in Yangon (Kyat) .................................................................... 2-14 Table 2.2.10 Total Number of Annual Flights and Passengers ................................................. 2-16 Table 2.2.11 Cargo and Container Throughput in Yangon Port, 2005–2015 ............................ 2-16 Table 2.3.1 Urban Transport Demand by Mode Including Walking in 2013 ........................... 2-18 Table 2.3.2 Average Travel Length and Travel Time in 2013 ................................................... 2-20 Table 2.3.3 Traffic Growth across the Hlaing River Screen Line ............................................ 2-21 Table 2.3.4 Traffic Growth across the Bago River Screen Line .............................................. 2-21 Table 2.3.5 Flyovers in Yangon City........................................................................................... 2-22 Table 2.3.6 Traffic Growth on the Airport Road Cordon Line .................................................. 2-22 Table 2.3.7 Road Traffic Growth on the Cordon Line, 2013–2016 ........................................... 2-23 Table 3.1.1 Current and Forecast Population ............................................................................. 3-4 Table 3.1.2 GRDP Growth Rates, 2016–2035 ............................................................................... 3-4 Table 3.1.3 Key Traffic Growth Variables in 2016 and 2035 ...................................................... 3-5 Table 3.1.4 Day-time Population in 2035 ..................................................................................... 3-5 Table 3.1.5 Night-time Population in 2035 ................................................................................... 3-6 Table 3.1.6 Day-Night Population Ratio in 2035 .......................................................................... 3-6 Table 3.1.7 Traffic Zones in the Study Area and Comparison with YUTRA ........................... 3-10 Table 3.1.8 Characteristics of Road and Rail Network in the Study Area .............................. 3-11 Table 3.1.9 Road Network Capacities and Maximum Speeds by Location and Road Type . 3-12 Table 3.1.10 Assignment Model Parameters for Roads, 2016 ................................................... 3-12 Table 3.1.11 Assignment Model Parameters for Railway, 2016 ................................................ 3-12 Table 3.2.1 2016 and