DOCSLIB.ORG

History Bavaria Is Germany’S Largest and Southernmost State, As Well As One of the Oldest in Europe, with Origins in the 6Th Century

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
History Bavaria Is Germany’S Largest and Southernmost State, As Well As One of the Oldest in Europe, with Origins in the 6Th Century © Lonely Planet 25 History Bavaria is Germany’s largest and southernmost state, as well as one of the oldest in Europe, with origins in the 6th century. Today’s territory unites three distinct tribes: the Bajuwaren (Bavarians), the Franken (Franconians) and the Schwaben (Swabians). Each developed quite separately until united by Napoleon as the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1806. Munich was founded in For a comprehensive 1158 by Duke Heinrich der Löwe (Henry the Lion) and granted town rights overview of Bavarian in 1175. It has been capital of Bavaria since 1506. Although never at the history (partly in English) centre of power, Bavaria was still a key player in continental politics for see the website of the centuries. Governed by the same family, the Wittelsbachs, for over 700 years, government-financed it was able to form a distinct culture that continues to shape its image and Haus der Bayerischen identity to this day. For milestones in the history of the Black Forest region Geschichte at www see the boxed text, p33 . .hdbg.de. TRIBAL MELTING POT The first inhabitants of Bavaria were Celts, who proved to be an easy pushover for the Romans who began barrelling across the Alps in the 1st century AD. The invaders founded the province of Raetia with Augusta Vindelicorum (Augsburg) as its capital. By the 5th century the tables were turned on the On Bavaria’s coat of arms, Romans by marauding eastern Germanic tribes pushing up the Danube Old Bavaria is represented Valley in search of new Lebensraum (living space). by a blue panther, The precise origin of the Bavarian tribe is obscure, but it’s widely assumed the Franconians by a that it coalesced from the remaining Romans, Romanised Celts and the red-and-white rake, the newcomers from the east. The name ‘Bajuwaren’ seems to have derived from Swabians by three black ‘men from Bohemia’, a region in today’s Czech Republic. lions, and the Upper The Franken began forming in the 3rd century AD from several western Palatinate (no longer part Germanic tribes who settled along the central and lower Rhine River, on the of Bavaria today) by a border with the Roman Empire. The Schwaben, meanwhile, are a subtribe golden lion. of the population group of the Alemannen (Alemannic tribes) who spread across the southwestern corner of Germany around the 2nd century AD. In the 3rd century they took on the Romans, eventually pushing as far east as the Lech River. CHURCH DOMINANCE Religion, especially of the Roman Catholic variety, has shaped all aspects of Bavarian history and culture for nearly two millennia. Following the decline of the Roman Empire, missionaries from Ireland and Scotland swarmed across Europe to spread the gospel. They found open arms and minds among the Agilofinges, the dynasty who had founded the first Bavarian duchy in the 6th century. They adopted the faith eagerly, thereby allowing Christianity 15 BC AD 555–788 7th–8th centuries Nero Claudius Drusus and Members of the Agilofinges dy- Christianisation takes hold as Tiberius Claudius Nero, step- nasty found the first Bavarian roving missionaries arrive in sons of the Roman emperor duchy with Garibald I (r 555–91) Bavaria from Ireland, Scotland Augustus, conquer the Celtic its first-known duke. They and the Frankish Empire. In 738 tribes north of the Alps, calling remain in power until becom- St Boniface creates the dioceses their new colony Raetia, with ing absorbed into the Frankish of Salzburg, Freising, Passau Augusta Vindelicorum (today’s Empire in 788 by Charlemagne. and Regensburg. Augsburg) as capital 26 HISTORY •• Church Dominance lonelyplanet.com WE ARE POPE! ‘Habemus papam.’ It was a balmy spring evening in Rome when the world – Catholics and non-Catholics – held its collective breath. Who would follow in the footsteps of the charismatic Pope John Paul II who’d led the church for 27 years? That man was Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, henceforth known as Benedict XVI and born on 16 April 1927 in the Bavarian hamlet of Marktl am Inn. For the first time in nearly 500 years a German had been elected pope. The following day the headline of the sensationalist tabloid German daily Bild screamed proudly: ‘Wir sind Papst!’ (We are Pope). Ratzinger’s election met with a mix of elation and disappointment. Those who had hoped for a more progressive and liberal church leader were stunned to find that the job had gone to this fierce and uncompromising cardinal who for 24 years had been John Paul II’s enforcer of church doctrine. He was known as the ultimate hardliner, opposed to abortion, homosexuality and contraception, and ruthless in his crackdowns on dissident priests. ‘Panzer cardinal’ and ‘God’s Rottweiler’ were just two of his nicknames. Yet, even his staunchest critics could not deny that Ratzinger was well prepared for the papal post. A distinguished theologian, he speaks seven languages and has written more than 50 books. He looks back on a long career as a university professor, archbishop of Freising and Munich, and 24 years as John Paul II’s main man. As Pope Benedict XVI, he has declared that stemming the tide of secularisation, especially in Europe, and a return to Christian values, is his major priority. He considers interfaith dialogue another important mission but has at times been clumsy in going about accomplishing it. A 2006 speech at Regensburg university in which he quoted a 14th-century Byzantine-Christian emperor as saying that the Prophet Muhammad had only brought evil and inhuman things into the world, launched major protests and ended up with the pope apologising to the Muslim world. Highroad to the Stake: to quickly take root. By 739 there were bishoprics in Regensburg, Passau, A Tale of Witchcraft, Freising and Salzburg, and monasteries had been founded in Tegernsee, by Michael Kunze, is a Benediktbeuern, Weltenburg and many other places. haunting account of the For nearly the next 800 years, the Church completely dominated daily life, arrest, torture and life as the only major religion in the land. Until 1517, that is. That’s when execution of an entire a spunky monk and theology professor named Martin Luther sparked the family of paupers in 16th- Reformation with his 95 theses critiquing papal infallibility, clerical celibacy, century Bavaria. selling indulgences and other elements of Catholic doctrine. Despite the Church’s attempt to quash Luther, his teachings resonated widely, especially in Franconia and Swabia, though not in Bavaria proper where local rulers instantly clamped down on anyone toying with conversion. They also encouraged the newly founded Jesuit order to make Ingolstadt the hub of the Counter-Reformation. The religious strife eventually escalated into the Thirty Years’ War (1618–48), which left Europe’s soil drenched with the blood of millions. During the conflict, Bavaria’s Duke Maximilian I (r 1598–1651) fought firmly on the side of Catholic emperor Ferdinand II of Habsburg, who 962 1180 1214 The pope crowns the Saxon The Wittelsbachs’ 738-year Emperor Friedrich II grants the King Otto I to Kaiser (emperor), reign begins with Otto von fiefdom of the Palatinate along marking the beginning of the Wittels bach’s appointment as the Rhine River to Duke Otto Holy Roman Empire, which duke of Bavaria by Emperor II von Wittelsbach, thereby remained a major force in Euro- Fried rich Barbarossa, marking significantly enlarging the pean history until 1806 the transition from tribal duchy family’s territory and increasing to territorial state its power.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Germany (1914)
    THE MAKING OF THE NATIONS GERMANY VOLUMES ALREADY PUBLISHED IN THIS SERIES FRANCE By Cecil Headlam, m.a. COXTAIXING 32 FULL-PAGE ILLUSTRATIONS AND 16 MAPS AND SMALLER FIGURES IN THE TEXT " It is a sound and readable sketch, which has the signal merit of keeping^ what is salient to the front." British Weekly. SCOTLAND By Prof. Robert S. Rait CONTAINING 32 FULL-PAGE ILLUSTRATIONS AND 11 MAPS AND SMALLER FIGURES IN THE TEXT of "His 'Scotland' is an equally careful piece work, sound in historical fact, critical and dispassionate, and dealing, for the most part, with just those periods in which it is possible to trace a real advance in the national develop- ment."—Athenceum. SOUTH AMERICA By W. H. KoEBEL CONTAINING 32 FULL-PAGE ILLUSTRATIONS AND 10 MAPS AND SMALLER FIGURES IN THE TEXT " Mr. Koebel has done his work well, and by laying stress on the trend of Governments and peoples rather than on lists of Governors or Presidents, and by knowing generally what to omit, he has contrived to produce a book which meets an obvious need. ' —Morning Post. A. AND C. BLACK, 4 SOHO SQUARE, LONDON, W. AGENTS AMERICA .... THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 64 & 66 FIFTH AVENUE. NEW YORK AUSTEALA8IA . OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 20- FLINDERS Lane. MELBOURNE CANADA THE MACMILLAN COMPANY OF CANADA. LTD. St. Marti.n's House, 70 Bond street, TORONTO RiDLA MACMILLAN 4 COMPANY, LTD. MACMILLAN BUILDING, BOMBAY 309 Bow Bazaar STREBT, CALCUTTA ^. Rischgits QUEEN LOUISE (lT7G-lS10), WinOW OF FREDERICK -WILLIAM III. OF PRUSSIA. Her patriotism anil self-sacrifice after the disaster of Jena have given her a liigli place in the affections of the German nation.
    [Show full text]
  • Uva-DARE (Digital Academic Repository)
    UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) The many faces of Duchess Matilda: matronage, motherhood and mediation in the twelfth century Jasperse, T.G. Publication date 2013 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Jasperse, T. G. (2013). The many faces of Duchess Matilda: matronage, motherhood and mediation in the twelfth century. Boxpress. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:07 Oct 2021 The Gospel Book and the verbal and visual construction of Matilda’s identity 159 For many decades historians, art historians and palaeographers could not directly study the famous gospel book that Henry the Lion and Matilda com- missioned and donated to the Church of St Blaise. Somewhere in the 1930s, the manuscript disappeared, only to turn up at a Sotheby’s auction in 1983.
    [Show full text]
  • Pfaffe Konrad
    Pfaffe Konrad Date of Birth Unknown; early 12th century Place of Birth Unknown Date of Death Unknown; late 12th century Place of Death Unknown Biography All that is known about this German author must be gathered from his work. In the epilogue (vv. 9017-94), which is preserved only in the Heidelberg manuscript, he says of himself Ich haize der phaffe Chun- rât (v. 9079). The term ‘pfaffe’ is equivalent to clericus, which does not necessarily indicate a parish priest or a monk: in fact it is assumed that Konrad was a member of the clergy employed in a ducal chancel- lery. His clerical education – and therefore his knowledge of Latin – is confirmed both by the numerous biblical quotations in the text and by his statement that he first translated his French written source into Latin and then from Latin into German verse (vv. 9080-83). The cleric-poet further informs us that the French original was procured for him by a Duke Henry at the request of his wife, ‘the daughter of a mighty king’ (vv. 9017ff.). The identity of the Duke in question has become the subject of much critical debate. The possible patrons were Henry the Proud (d. 1139), Henry ‘Jasomirgott’ (Heinrich Babenberg, d. 1177) and Henry the Lion (d. 1195). The composition of the Rolandslied has accordingly been dated around 1130, 1150, and 1170. In his study, Die Datierung des deutschen Rolandsliedes (1965), Kartschoke provides new, convincing arguments in favor of Wilhem Grimm’s hypothesis that Konrad’s sponsor was Henry the Lion, Duke of Bavaria and Saxony, who in 1168 had married the French-speaking princess Matilda, daughter of King Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine.
    [Show full text]
  • Bavaria the Bavarians Emerged in a Region North of the Alps, Originally Inhabited by the Celts, Which Had Been Part of the Roman Provinces of Rhaetia and Noricum
    Bavaria The Bavarians emerged in a region north of the Alps, originally inhabited by the Celts, which had been part of the Roman provinces of Rhaetia and Noricum. The Bavarians spoke Old High German but, unlike other Germanic groups, did not migrate from elsewhere. Rather, they seem to have coalesced out of other groups left behind by Roman withdrawal late in the 5th century AD. These peoples may have included Marcomanni, Thuringians, Goths, Rugians, Heruli, and some remaining Romans. The name "Bavarian" ("Baiuvari") means "Men of Baia" which may indicate Bohemia, the homeland of the Marcomanni. They first appear in written sources circa 520. Saint Boniface completed the people's conversion to Christianity in the early 8th century. Bavaria was, for the most part, unaffected by the Protestant Reformation, and even today, most of it is strongly Roman Catholic. From about 550 to 788, the house of Agilolfing ruled the duchy of Bavaria, ending with Tassilo III who was deposed by Charlemagne. Three early dukes are named in Frankish sources: Garibald I may have been appointed to the office by the Merovingian kings and married the Lombard princess Walderada when the church forbade her to King Chlothar I in 555. Their daughter, Theodelinde, became Queen of the Lombards in northern Italy and Garibald was forced to flee to her when he fell out with his Frankish over- lords. Garibald's successor, Tassilo I, tried unsuccessfully to hold the eastern frontier against the expansion of Slavs and Avars around 600. Tassilo's son Garibald II seems to have achieved a balance of power between 610 and 616.
    [Show full text]
  • The Annals of Herman of Niederaltaich, 1236-60 Herman
    1 The Annals of Herman of Niederaltaich, 1236-60 Herman was abbot of the Benedictine monastery of Niederaltaich in the diocese of Passau from October 1242 until his resignation on grounds of old age in March 1273. He died two years later, on 31st July 1275. He wrote a number of historical works about his monastery, and continued an existing abbey chronicle, on which he began to work after 1251; although he would seem to have gone back to continue the account from 1235 onwards. (The entries for these earlier years are clearly retrospective). His chronicle is a contemporary Bavarian witness of the German crisis of the mid-thirteenth century, and especially insofar as it affected Bavaria and Austria. Niederaltaich, founded in the mid- eighth century, was one of the most ancient and prestigious monasteries in Bavaria. [Translated from Hermanni Altahensis Annales, MGH SS xvii.392-402; translation (c) G.A. Loud (2010)] (1236) Duke Frederick of Austria and Styria was outlawed by the emperor at Augsburg. 1 This Frederick was a severe man, great-hearted in battle, strict and cruel in justice, greedy in amassing treasures, who so spread terror both among his own subjects and neighbouring peoples that he was not only not loved but was feared by all. For he led a campaign with his army into Moravia against King Wenceslas of the Bohemians, and when he also entered the land of Hungary he ravaged the bounds of both lands with fire and sword. He strove to oppress the nobles and better people of his land and to exalt the ignoble.
    [Show full text]
  • MEDIEVAL and RENAISSANCE STUDIES Volume 19 (1988)
    VIATOR i MEDIEVAL AND RENAISSANCE STUDIES Volume 19 (1988) PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE CENTER FOR MEDIEVAL AND RENAISSANCE STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES OFFPRINT OuE1&iO i UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY, LOS ANGELES, LONDON 1988 FREDERICK BARBAROSSA AND THE HOHENSTAUFEN POLITY by Karl J. Leyser We often credit Frederick Barbarossa with large political designs: imperial control and direct rule in Italy driven home by rigorous jurisdiction and fiscal exactions backed by force. To accomplish these ends and to confront the papacy, he sought to gather Ger- man aristocratic and knightly society about his person and to appeal to them in mani- festos that have lost none of their sonorous grandiloquence even today. Embattled with Lombard cities and then with Pope Alexander III, he stands for decades of imperial intransigence, the quest for a past that had never been and a hard-bitten refusal to ac- cept, let alone support, the post-Reform papacy's new role and place in the Latin Chris- tian world. Yet in the end the emperor was surprisingly willing to abandon these designs without undue qualms, though he may have had little choice. In what follows, I hope to show Barbarossa above all as the architect of his own house's fortunes, and to show how his concern for the enhancement of Hohenstaufen possessions and the endowment of his sons squared with his governing functions and tempered the Hohen- staufen polity as a commonweal of princes, lesser nobles, and emergent towns. It will also be shown how Hohenstaufen family gains underlay the later constitutional con- flicts of the reign, not least the fall of Henry the Lion.
    [Show full text]
  • Canvasª 7 : Newdynchron.Nocat.C
    GERMANY (HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE) DYNASTIC CHRONOLOGY: WESTERN EUROPE, X - XIII CENTURIES FRANCE CHARLEMAGNE (768-814) CHARLEMAGNE (768-814) ENGLAND NORMANDY ANJOU FLANDERS LOUIS the PIOUS (814-840) LOUIS the PIOUS (814-840) LOUIS the GERMAN (843-876) CHARLES II the BALD ALFRED the GREAT Ingelgarius (843-77) CARLOMAN LOUIS CHARLES the FAT (871-99) (†888) Baldwin I (†880) (†882) (†888) Rollo (the VIKING) Iron-Arm Judith LOUIS II (877-79) EDWARD the ELDER (900-25) (†931) Fulk I the Red (†879) ARNULF (887-99) (†942) LOUIS III CARLOMAN CHARLES III LOUIS the CHILD (900-11) ÆTHELSTAN EDMUND I EADRED William I Longsword Baldwin II (879-82) (882-88) the SIMPLE (925-39) (939-46) (946-55) (931-42) Fulk II the Good (879-918) (898-922; †929) CONRAD I (911-19) (942-58) EADWY EDGAR Arnulf I the Great ODO ROBERT Richard I the Fearless (918-64) LOUIS IV (936-54) HENRY I (919-36) (955-9) (959-75) (942-96) Geoffrey I Greymantle (888-98) (922-3) (958-87) Baldwin (III) 1 2/1 2 ? Emma Hugh the Great LOTHAR (954-86) OTTO I the GREAT Henry (†962) RAOUL D. of Francia (936-73) D. of EDWARD II Ælfgifu ETHELRED II EMMA CNUT Ælfgifu Richard II (975-79) the "UNRED" (†1052) (1016-35) (996-1027) Fulk III Nerra (923-36) (†956) LOUIS V (986-7) Bavaria (987-1040) Arnulf II Liutgard (†955) (979-1016) (964-87) Conrad D. EDMUND II IRONSIDE HUGH CAPET of OTTO II (1016) Richard Robert I Freesindis Baldwin IV the Bearded (987-96) Lotharingia (973-83) EDWARD III HARDA- HAROLD I Geoffrey II Ermengarde Henry II the CONFESSOR CNUT (1035-40) III the Devil Tancred of (987-1035) (†955) Edward (1027) (1027-1035) Hauteville (†1041) Martel Geoffrey of ROBERT II the PIOUS D.
    [Show full text]
  • Bracteates – the Thinnest Coins of Monetary History
    Bracteates – the Thinnest Coins of Monetary History Bracteates were doubtless the most curious and interesting types of coins among the pfennigs of the German Middle Ages. Whereas traditional pfennigs bore different images on obverse and reverse, bracteates were minted on one side only. Their obverse showed the image as embossed relief, while on the reverse it was indented. Additionally, most images on bracteates were strictly symmetric. This allowed to break the coins neatly in two, for this is what people did in order to get small change. Bracteates were issued for local circulation. The ephemerality of these coins stood in harsh contrast to their high quality – a quality that medieval coinage in Germany reached neither before nor after ever again. For far trade or long-term use, bracteates were too fragile. In economically developed regions they therefore never achieved acceptance. In those parts of Germany, people preferred the solid two- sided pfennigs. 1 von 12 www.sunflower.ch Holy Roman Empire, Margraviate of Brandenburg, Albert the Bear (1123-1170), Pfennig (Bracteate), Wegeleben Denomination: Pfennig (Bracteate) Mint Authority: Margrave Albert the Bear Mint: Wegeleben Year of Issue: 1123 Weight (g): 0.82 Diameter (mm): 27.0 Material: Silver Owner: Sunflower Foundation Albert the Bear, whom we see on this penny, was a man who – be it by diplomacy, be it by force –, took every opportunity for expansion. From early on, he concentrated his interest on the eastern territories. Albert is held as one of the initiators of the Wendish Crusade of 1147. Ten years later, he conquered Brandenburg and became the first Margrave of Brandenburg.
    [Show full text]
  • Read Transcript
    History of the Crusades. Episode 190. The Baltic Crusades. The Wendish Crusade Part 1. Henry the Lion. Hello again. Last week we met the Balts and took a quick tour around the Baltic Sea. This week we will start looking at our first military campaign of the Baltic Crusades, the Wendish Crusade. Now, before we march off into the lands of the pagans, we need to get some background. More specifically, we need to look at the politics and current state of affairs in the Holy Roman Empire. Now, in the 189 episodes of the History of the Crusades Podcast that have preceded this episode, we've never once really sat down and examined the Holy Roman Empire in any great detail. We've mentioned it quite a bit, but I've never really zoomed in to take a closer look. Well, that's about to change. It's time for the Holy Roman Empire to have some time in the spotlight. What was the holy Roman Empire? Well, it was a complex system of territories in central Europe ruled over by a Holy Roman Emperor. The first Emperor was Charlemagne, crowned by Pope Leo III on Christmas Day in the year 800. The Empire lasted a smidge over one thousand years, until its dissolution in the year 1806. Now, we're not going to do a blow by blow history of the Holy Roman Empire from Charlemagne onwards, that would be a podcast series in itself. No, we will be trying to get a grip on the politics of the Holy Roman Empire as it was in the year 1147, the year when the Crusade against the Wends commenced.
    [Show full text]
  • Material Culture and Performance of Power
    1 INTRODUCTION: MATERIAL CULTURE AND PERFORMANCE OF POWER brunswick, GerMany, June 24, 1935. In the Church of St. Blaise the graves belonging to Henry the Lion (1131/1135– 1195), duke of Saxony and Bavaria, and his wife Matilda (1156–1189) are unearthed at the behest of the Nazi Party. Henry the Lion was the only child of Duke Henry the Proud and Duchess Gertrud; through his mother, Henry the Lion was the grandson of Emperor Lothar and Empress Richenza. The 1935 excavation was part of a campaign to convert the Christian temple into a Nazi shrine commemorating the Lion. His consort Matilda, as the eldest daughter of King Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine, as well as the granddaughter of the Empress Matilda, had an equally impressive pedigree, but she was of no use to Nazi propaganda. The redecoration campaign resulted in a profoundly altered church interior featuring heavy granite, large curtains decorated with an eagle and swastika, 1and aggressive black- and- white sgraffiti on the walls replacing the medieval decoration. Reviving Duke Henry was thata means needed to connectto be restored. the Nazis’ expansionist politics towards Eastern Europe with the duke’s historical conquest of2 Slavic lands: the duke served as a glorious model of a past boot. For Matilda little role is evident in this appropriation— and abuse—3 of history, as she was merely the “wife of,” and English rather than German to Yet the excavations had another impact as well: the material remains of the ducal couple were photographed and published, allowing4 modern viewers to glimpse the life and afterlife of Henry and Matilda (Figure 1).
    [Show full text]
  • A Brief History of Bavaria by Gertrude Norman
    A BRIEF HISTORY OF BAVARIA BY GERTRUDE NORMAN rma 1 MUNICH 1906 HEINRICH JAFFE Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2007 with funding from Microsoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/briefhistoryofbaOOnormiala A BRIEF HISTORY OF BAVARIA BY GERTRUDE NORMAN <2© MUNICH 1906 HEINRICH JAFFE NOTE. The authoress begs to acknowledge her gratitude and indebtedness for the invaluable help afforded her by the following authors and their works Dr. William Preger, Dr. Winter, the Rev. S. Baring Gould, Mr. Cecil Headlam and Miss Frances Gerard. VT $01 DEDICATED BY KIND PERMISSION TO H. R. H. PRINCE GEORGE OF BAVARIA. „A humble token of esteem and admiration to the beautiful, ardent, progressive and artistic Kingdom of Bavaria from a sojourner in her midst." FOREWORD FOREWORD. There have been innumerable scholarly and scientific histories written on Bavaria, in German, and several excellent works on various phases of her remarkable history, and of the vivid per- sonalities which so invade her past, in English. The guide books which are to be found in all her more important towns and cities are very adequate, although of necessity much has to be left untold, owing to their size, and concentrated as they chiefly are on the one place in question. For instance Mr. Headlam's "Nuremberg", a truly significant and exquisite little work, and Miss Frances Gerard's "Romance of Ludwig II." (al- though the latter does contain several interesting details of the unfortunate Monarch's Kingdom, apart from Munich and the curious castles which he built). There are various other works, too, dealing with the stories of Bayreuth, Oberammer- gau, Munich &c.
    [Show full text]
  • Frederick II Hohenstaufen
    Salvatore Ferdinando Antonio Caputo The Court of Frederick II Hohenstaufen Salvatore Ferdinando Antonio Caputo The Court of Frederick II Hohenstaufen Copyright © Salvatore Ferdinando Antonio Caputo 2013. All rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise– without written permission from the publisher. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein. Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. Neither is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. Page 2 of 132 I have always been fascinated by history, of my own history, and that of my family, which I discovered could be traced from the Hohenstaufen Dynasty. Through studying different periods of history from medieval to early modern through to the present day I have gained an understanding into some of the crucial developments that have determined what course our future would take. Salvatore Ferdinando Antonio Caputo Other publications of Dr. Salvatore Ferdinando Antonio Caputo: The Hohenstaufen Dynasty (2013) Who is noble included in the Almanach de Gotha - Goliardica Editrice s.r.l, Trieste (2013) The Court of Frederick II Hohenstaufen - Goliardica Editrice s.r.l, Trieste (2013) Corrado I principe d´Antiochia Della Casa di Sveva (Ramo Caputo) - Edizioni Italo Svevo, Trieste (2012) The Legitimacy of Non Reigning Royal Families - Edizioni Italo Svevo, Trieste (2012) Creation of Order of Chivalry (2012) The Royal House of Georgia - H.R.H.
    [Show full text]