DRAFT
Glebe Park Stewardship Plan 2011-2021
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In association with
Glenside Ecological Services Limited
June 2011 Glebe Park Stewardship Plan - DRAFT 2011
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction ...... 1
Glebe Park Committee objectives ...... 1
Recreation ...... 1
Environment ...... 2
Nature appreciation ...... 2
Scope of Work ...... 2
General Property Description ...... 2
Legal description...... 2
Activities ...... 5
History of Glebe Park management ...... 5
Surrounding landscape ...... 5
Field Investigation ...... 6
Methodology ...... 6
Results ...... 8
Forest compartments ...... 11
Major diseases and defects affecting forest health in Glebe Park ...... 28
Wildlife and ecological values ...... 30
Management Approach ...... 36
Ecological viability ...... 36
Monitoring tree health ...... 37
Safety ...... 37
Stand improvement ...... 40
Cost Analysis ...... 40
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SUMMARY ...... 42
Appendix 1: Wildlife Inventory ...... 43
Appendix 2: Compartment Operational Cruise Sheets ...... 48
Photograph 1: Tree identification sign in arboretum ...... 12 Photograph 2: Forest composition of Compartment C1 ...... 14 Photograph 3: Forest composition of Compartment C2 ...... 17 Photograph 4: Forest composition of Compartment C3 ...... 20 Photograph 5: Forest composition of Compartment C4 ...... 22 Photograph 6: Forest Structure of Compartment C5 ...... 25 Photograph 7: Ski chalet and toboggan hill ...... 26 Photograph 8: Northern open area ...... 27 Photograph 9: Crown Dieback ...... 28 Photograph 10: Cobra canker (Eutypella parasitica)...... 28 Photograph 11: Target canker (Nectria galligena) ...... 29 Photograph 12: Sugar Maple Borer ...... 29 Photograph 13: Escape cavity at base of mature Yellow Birch...... 31 Photograph 14: Nesting cavity in mature Yellow Birch ...... 32 Photograph 15: Bear claw marks on mature American Beech ...... 32 Photograph 16: Stick nest in mature maple ...... 33 Photograph 17: Vernal Pond ...... 33 Photograph 18: Two-leaved Toothwort (Dentaria Diphylla) ...... 36 Photograph 19: Wide diameter ski trail ...... 37
Figure 1: Property location map ...... 3 Figure 2: Detailed property location map ...... 4 Figure 3: Forest compartments ...... 9 Figure 4: Infrared aerial photograph of forest compartments ...... 10 Figure 5: Application of 25m trail buffer ...... 39
Table 1: General wildlife features ...... 7 Table 2: Species composition and feature inventory of Compartment C1 ...... 12 Table 3: Regeneration composition of Compartment C1 ...... 12 Table 4: Forest structure (m2/ha) of Compartment C1 ...... 13 Table 5: Species composition and feature inventory of Compartment C2 ...... 15 Table 6: Regeneration composition of Compartment C2 ...... 15 Table 7: Forest structure (m2/ha) of Compartment C2 ...... 16
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Table 8: Species composition and feature inventory of Compartment C3 ...... 18 Table 9: Regeneration composition of Compartment C3 ...... 19 Table 10: Forest structure (m2/ha) of Compartment C3 ...... 19 Table 11: Species composition and feature inventory of Compartment C4 ...... 21 Table 12: Regeneration composition of Compartment C4 ...... 21 Table 13: Forest structure (m2/ha) of Compartment C4 ...... 21 Table 14: Species composition and feature inventory of Compartment C5 ...... 23 Table 15: Regeneration composition of Compartment C5 ...... 24 Table 16: Forest structure (m2/ha) of Compartment C5 ...... 24 Table 17: Songbird inventory, area sensitivity and habitat guild...... 34 Table 18: Trail buffer areas for each compartment ...... 38 Table 19: Estimated costs of forest management ...... 41
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INTRODUCTION
Glebe Park is a forested recreational area within the village of Haliburton that provides public outdoor activities that are related to natural environmental experiences. Glebe Park is owned by the Municipality of Dysart et al and is managed by the Glebe Park Committee: a committee of volunteers who represent key stakeholder groups that have interests in the management activities associated within the park. The Glebe Park Committee represents the following organizations:
- Halbiem Neighbourhood Association; - Haliburton County Snowmobile Association; - Haliburton Highlands Museum; - Haliburton Highlands Trails & Tours Network; - Haliburton Nordic Trails Association; - Haliburton Sculpture Forest; - Head Lake Trail Committee; - Municipality of Dysart; and - Sir Sandford Fleming College
GLEBE PARK COMMITTEE OBJECTIVES
The Glebe Park Committee is charged with planning and implementing value protection and best management practices to achieve the objectives of Glebe Park. It should be noted that the committee does not place any value on forest products or investment. If, in the process of ensuring that the values listed below are in place, revenue can be produced to offset the costs of forest stewardship that would be considered, however the production of revenue is not a goal unto itself.
The objectives for the Park have been defined as the following:
RECREATION
Recreational objectives include the following:
- Planning for trail infrastructure with minimal effect on the environment; - Encouraging increased use of existing trails; - Investigating the potential development of more snowshoe trails; and - Ensuring safety along the trail corridors.
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ENVIRONMENT
Environmental objectives include the following:
- Maintaining and/or enhancing forest health and diversity; - Removing diseased trees; - Encouragement of all ages classes of trees; - Maintaining and/or enhancing biodiversity throughout the forest; - Encouraging the establishment of indigenous tree species; - Maintaining and/or enhancing wildlife habitat; - Maintaining diversity of floral community; - Protecting habitat for species at risk; and - Protecting original water courses.
NATURE APPRECIATION
Objectives associated with nature appreciation include the following:
- Maintaining the existing Arboretum with identified trees; and - Locating and identifying existing examples of indigenous tree not already identified in the arboretum
SCOPE OF WORK
The Glebe Park Committee have acquired the services of Forest Design Consulting as the lead consultant in researching forest health, analyzing social economic values and species inventories; and the production of the Glebe Park Stewardship Plan for the next ten year period, 2011 to 2021. Glenside Ecological Services Limited was retained by Forest Design Consulting as an associate company to provide expertise in regard to wildlife habitat and ecological value analysis, Species at Risk assessments and GIS mapping.
The Glebe Park Stewardship Plan will provide the Committee with recommendations to maintain and enhance forest health and ecological integrity in accordance with the Glebe Park Committee objectives.
GENERAL PROPERTY DESCRIPTION
LEGAL DESCRIPTION
Glebe Park is comprised of two parcels within the geographic township of Dysart. The parcels have the following legal description and areas:
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Roll # 46 24 013 000 00905 0000 - Pt. Lot 15, Concession 10 = 76.12 acres
Roll # 46 24 012 000 78500 0000 - Pt. Lot 15, Concession 9 = 72.18 acres
The combined two parcels have a total area of 148.30 acres
Figure 1: Property location map
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Figure 2: Detailed property location map
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Glebe Park Stewardship Plan - DRAFT 2011
ACTIVITIES
Public use of Glebe Park is year-round, with recreational activities that include the following:
- Cross-country skiing - Tobogganing - Snowmobiling - Nature appreciation & education - Hiking / jogging / walking - Cultural heritage buildings and museum visitation - Snowshoeing - Mountain biking
HISTORY OF GLEBE PARK MANAGEMENT
Glebe Park was purchased by the Municipality of Dysart in 1968 for recreational purposes. The 148 acre park is a natural forested area. In the many years of Glebe Park's administration, open areas have been generated, several kilometres of trails have been constructed for recreational access, and forest management activities have been conducted. Historical evidence indicates forest harvest operations have been conducted in this woodlot on at least three occasions over the past 50 years.
SURROUNDING LANDSCAPE
Glebe Park is located in a primarily forested landscape to the north of Haliburton Village. Immediately to the north and east of Glebe Park are small forested woodlots containing rural residences and commercial buildings, as well as a large marsh wetland. However Highway 118, a major east - west transportation route through Central Ontario, borders the northern boundary and passes in close proximity to the east. During seasons of high traffic volumes, wildlife may have difficulty crossing this corridor safely. Although the park borders on this highway, visitors are not likely to enter the park from this access point as the narrow shoulders on the highway will not provide parking, and deep ditches and steep terrain discourage off trail hiking.
Along the south-eastern border Glebe Park has approximately 110m of water frontage on Head Lake that is included in the Drag River Watershed. This watershed provides an abundance of clean, fresh water to the Trent Canal System, flowing southerly through the Gull River Watershed to eventually arrive at Lake Ontario.
The campus of Fleming College and the Sculpture Forest borders Glebe Park to the south. The Sculpture Forest is a forested area with artistic sculptures and is a tourist attraction, thereby
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Glebe Park Stewardship Plan - DRAFT 2011 adding to the Glebe Park and Head Lake Park trail infrastructure. Halbiem subdivision is also in close proximity to the southern border.
Vacant forested lands extend to the west thereby providing contiguous forested habitat and adding to the ecological value of Glebe Park. Additional large areas of conifer plantations, hemlock and swamp habitat are also available to the migrating wildlife; features that provide seasonal cover and protection from weather extremes. It should be noted that further development occurs beyond 800m from the western boundary and consists of the Haliburton Waste Disposal Site and Industrial Park.
FIELD INVESTIGATION
METHODOLOGY
A thorough forestry inventory was conducted within Glebe Park. This process involved walking predetermined transects through identified compartments. Circular sample plots were taken every 3 chains (198 feet) to collect relevant data. 43 sample plots were conducted in Glebe Park representing coverage of 2.9 % of the total area. Typical forestry inventory area coverage ranges from broad, at 2 %, to intense at 5 %.
A 2m2 metric prism was used to determine what trees are to be assessed within the sample plots in accordance with standard forestry practices.
Field information collected in each sample plot included:
- History, indications of old stumps, trails, structure, species diversity; - Tree species; - Diameter at breast height (DBH); - Density or spacing, recorded as Basal Area (BA) in m2/ha; - Age, using an increment borer for taking random core samples; - Regeneration species, size, height and density; - Ground cover species and / or competition; - Diseases, major or minor; and - Defects
Through an analysis of the diseases and defects the percentage of acceptable and unacceptable growing stock was determined. Acceptable and unacceptable growing stock are defined as the following:
ACCEPTABLE GROWING STOCK ( AGS ) exhibit such form and appearance that they can reasonably be expected to maintain and/or improve their quality and can be expected
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to contribute significantly to future crops in the form of vigorous high quality stems over the next 20 years.
UNACCEPTABLE GROWING STOCK (UGS) are trees that are of high risk, and are expected to decline in the next 20-year period. Also, trees that are of infectious disease, poor form and/or low quality and cannot reasonably be expected to improve in quality.
Forest structure was determined by compiling the different size classes of trees proportionate to the ideal conditions required to sustainably manage that particular tree species over time.
Detailed operational cruise sheets for each compartment can be found Appendix 2: Compartment Operational Cruise Sheets.
In addition to tree species composition a floral and aural songbird inventory was conducted during the 2011songbird breeding bird season with the intent to better define the ecosite and associated avifaunal community. General wildlife features and signs were also noted and are defined in Table 1. It should be noted that a comprehensive inventory of flora and fauna was beyond the scope of this project.
Field inventories for the Glebe Park Stewardship Plan were taken in December, January February, 2011, followed up by a field visit and general inspection in June, 2011.
Table 1: General wildlife features
Feature Value Stick nests Raptor breeding location Snags Broken dead trees with shedding bark provide perching sites and nesting habitat for intermediate excavators such as Downy Woodpeckers Cavity trees Defined as nesting, feeding and escape. Mast trees Produce nuts or fruits valuable to local wildlife community Supercanopy trees Extend above the average canopy height and provide valuable roosting sites for raptors Downed woody debris Provide habitat for amphibians, detritivores and fungal communities as well as nutrient enhancement Water features Provide unique habitats and hydrological functions
Wildlife signs such as tracks, scat and browsing, were noted as well as habitat suitable for the 21 Species at Risk known to occur in the County of Haliburton.
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RESULTS
Glebe Park is primarily a maple, shade tolerant hardwood landscape, fragmented into compartments or micro sites that include several small hemlock and vernal pool wetlands, intermittent streams and riparian lakeshore, and support a complex wildlife habitat ecosystem within the park and surrounding areas. Based on the field work and desktop GIS analysis, 6 distinct compartments were defined in Glebe Park (See Figure 3 and Figure 4). The compartments are defined as follows:
- C1: Young Maple Forest - C2: Managed maple Forest - C3: Hemlock Lowland - C4: Maple Polewood Forest - C5: Unmanaged Maple Forest - OA: Open Areas, not forested.
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Figure 3: Forest compartments
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Figure 4: Infrared aerial photograph of forest compartments
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FOREST COMPARTMENTS
C1: YOUNG MAPLE FOREST
Compartment C1 is the southern forested stand, surrounding the main parking areas, the museum and abuts the shoreline of Head Lake. This stand is found to exhibit a young even aged maple stand 70-80 years old, on a gently sloping southern aspect (See Photograph 2)
Compartment C1 covers 24.33 acres and there are approximately 800 meters of recreational trails and 250 meters of OFSC trail through this stand.
Soil Type
The soils in this compartment are medium to deep sandy loams with more dense silty clay on the lower slopes along Head Lake.
Drainage
Gentle slopes, and trail and road ditching, direct the majority of the surface water into a primary intermittent stream flowing southerly into Head Lake. Erosion of the stream bed is evident as the stream drops quickly over the banks of Head Lake.
History
This stand is a young even aged forest indicating that it was virtually cleared land at one time. Because this area is adjacent to the old Walling farm, it is probable that the land was once cleared as pasture land or a fuel woodlot.
The Glebe Park Committee has established an arboretum that consists of a walking trail through the forested area of C1 east of the ski chalet and south of the museum. Within the arboretum tree identification signs have been installed. The tree identification route starts at the museum and follows a portion of the Head Lake Park Trail. There are currently 14 stations identifying the native tree species of the region. There have been 6 more species identified on the trail for future recognition. Some species that are not naturally available could be transplanted into appropriate locations within the arboretum. This venue is also visited by the Junior Naturalist for outdoor educational adventures.
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Photograph 1: Tree identification sign in arboretum
Forest Inventory
The forest inventory revealed the following:
Table 2: Species composition and feature inventory of Compartment C1
Tree Species Found % Miscellaneous Information Sugar Maple 72 % Estimated height of trees 20 meters White ash 10 % Average diameter at breast height 10-32 cm Yellow Birch 9 % Cavity trees 4/ha (Po) Black Cherry 4 % Super canopy trees None Basswood 3 % Down woody debris Low Hemlock 2 % Mast trees 10 / ha (Cb) Stick nests 0 Species at Risk None Observed Quality : Acceptable Growing Stock 65 % Total 100% Stand Basal Area 24.9 m2/ha
Table 3: Regeneration composition of Compartment C1
Tree Species % Average Distribution Comments Cover Height (m) Balsam fir 20 3 m Consistent Shaded areas under Poplar Sugar Maple 10 2 m Patchy Fresh, fertile areas White Ash 10 2 m Patchy Found in openings in the canopy
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Table 4: Forest structure (m2/ha) of Compartment C1
Poles Small Medium Large X Large (10-24 cm) (26-32 cm) (34-38 cm) (40-48 cm) (50 cm +) Total
Compartment C1 8.57 8.86 4.00 2.57 0.86 24.86
Ideal Structure 6.20 4.20 2.70 3.90 3.00 20.00
Management Assessment
The inventory information above indicates that this young forest is slightly overstocked in pole to medium size classes. The overall health shows 35% of the trees are unacceptable growing stock, indicating the opportunity to remove some poor quality diseased and defective trees.
The potential exists to reduce the stocking in the overstocked size classes in order to promote a healthier forest while encouraging the growth of the natural regeneration that is already currently established on the forest floor. The release of this regeneration will then start another age class to contribute to the sustainability of the stand, which will eventually become the next forest. Further there is a high component of disease and defect that should be addressed.
If the health condition of this stand is not addressed, this stand will do the following:
- Continue to lose volume though mortality of less dominant trees; - Have poor vigour; - Promote infectious diseases to spread within the stand; and - Prohibit improvement in the health of the forest for many years.
Forest monitoring and forest management adjacent to the trails and within the compartment is recommended. Further the stream channel entering into Head Lake should be monitored during wet seasons for erosion of the fine silty clay soil. Water quality entering Head Lake could be jeopardized in this area, possibly requiring mitigation in the future.
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Photograph 2: Forest composition of Compartment C1
C2: MANAGED MAPLE FOREST
Compartment C2 is the largest stand in Glebe Park, covering an area of 75.52 acres, and located centrally at the highest elevations. This well structured maple forest reveals good growth and vigour as a result of past forest management practices, with very successful advanced regeneration established for future sustainability (See Photograph 3). This uneven-aged stand ranges from 100 to 120 years old. Access is limited to the trail systems however there is over 3400 meters of recreational trails and 440 meters of OFSC trail through this stand.
Soil Type
Medium to deep sandy loams can be found on the lower slopes, however glacial scarring has reduced the soil depths to shallow on the higher elevations.
Drainage
Starting at the highest point of land, the gentle slopes decline south-easterly, easterly and north-easterly. Three intermittent streams follow valleys descending out of Glebe Park and deposit into the Head Lake watershed. Flatter sections of C2 have trapped water pockets within
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Glebe Park Stewardship Plan - DRAFT 2011 the bed rock, creating several vernal pools that produce beneficial ecological habitat to wildlife in the area.
History
This stand has evidence of three harvesting rotations, all from different decades. The oldest harvest appears to be in approximately 1960, leaving hemlock, red oak and black cherry stumps still visible today; thereby indicating that there was once a higher percentage of hemlock in this stand. Selective management harvesting was introduced in the southern section of this compartment in the mid 1990’s and the northern portions completed in early 2000. Some of the current trail infrastructure likely originated from timber extraction access.
Forest Inventory
The forest inventory revealed the following:
Table 5: Species composition and feature inventory of Compartment C2
Tree Species Found % Miscellaneous Information Sugar Maple 85 % Estimated height of trees 23 meters White Ash 6 % Average diameter at breast height 34-48 cm Yellow Birch 3 % Cavity trees 4 / ha Black Cherry 2 % Super canopy trees None Basswood 1 % Down woody debris High Hemlock 1 % Mast trees 5/ ha (Cb and Be) Spruce and misc. softwood 1 % Stick nests 0 Species at Risk None Observed Quality : Acceptable Growing Stock 72 % Total 100 Stand Basal Area = 20.18 m2/ha %
Table 6: Regeneration composition of Compartment C2
Tree Species % Average Distribution Comments Cover Height (m) Sugar Maple 40 5-10 m Consistent Found on lower slopes White Ash 10 6 m Patchy Shallow drier soils Black Cherry 10 4 m Patchy Open sunny and dry areas
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Table 7: Forest structure (m2/ha) of Compartment C2
Poles Small Medium Large X Large (10-24 cm) (26-32 cm) (34-38 cm) (40-48 cm) (50 cm +) Total
Compartment C2 4.73 2.55 5.36 7.18 0.36 20.18
Ideal Structure 6.20 4.20 2.70 3.90 3.00 20.00
Management Assessment
The inventory information above indicates that this mature forest currently is at its ideal density at 20.18 m2/ha. It is slightly overstocked in medium to large size classes and under stocked in poles, small and extra large diameter trees. The overall health shows 28% of the trees are unacceptable growing stock, indicating the opportunity to remove some poor quality diseased and defective trees while retaining larger defective trees for wildlife cavity habitat.
Compartment C2 contains some major infectious diseases that were either overlooked in past harvests or have recently developed. These diseased trees pose a safety risk and will continue to produce spores and therefore should be removed. The intensity of trees to be removed will not be as high in this area due to previous management harvesting.
The potential exists for the over story crowns to over develop and jeopardize the survival of the younger regeneration below. A future assessment is recommended in 10 years to investigate and discuss management options to maintain a healthy forest.
Forest monitoring, and management adjacent to the trails is recommended. The removal of infected trees should be prescribed for all areas of C2 and the monitoring of crown closure will need to be assessed at the end of this stewardship plan period in 2021
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Photograph 3: Forest composition of Compartment C2
C3: HEMLOCK LOWLAND
Compartment C3 is one of the smallest stands in Glebe Park; however it has high ecological value. This 1.41 acre lowland expands into the neighbouring property to the west and is one of the few coniferous habitat areas within the immediate surrounding landscape. This stand is characterized as an uneven aged stand (ranging up to 100 years in age) with a Hemlock dominated riparian area surrounding a Black Ash swamp
The cover provided by the coniferous component offers the local wildlife community thermal refuge as well as refuge from deep snow conditions. Further, this compartment provides a unique habitat type thereby supporting species reliant on a coniferous habitat guild such as the Blackburnian Warbler and the Hermit Thrush.
In addition to the coniferous feature a component of this compartment represents a deciduous swamp wetland, thereby providing valuable hydrological and wildlife functions typically associated with this wetland type.
There are no recreation trails through this stand, however the OFSC trail skirts the eastern and northern boundaries.
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Soil Type
Moderate organic layers are suspended in very saturated conditions throughout most of the year. Subsurface mineral soils will usually reveal very dense clay and silt soils. The presence of black ash, a very site specific tree species, within the interior of the lowland indicate exceptionally unstable organic soils up to 1.5 meters deep, with the water table very close to the surface.
Drainage
The swampy characteristics in this compartment indicate the surface water is trapped by subsurface bed rock. The forested wetlands of Compartment C3 provide important hydrological functions in terms of water filtration through slow percolation, transpiration and evaporation of surface water.
History
The instability of the ground conditions, slow growth of conifer species and low economic value of the tree species in this area suggest limited harvesting history. The edges of this stand does however indicate cedar stumps aging up to 100 years old, probably removed during the early colonization era for use around a homestead; as well as a few hemlock stumps extracted during previous harvesting, approximately 50 years ago.
Forest Inventory
The forest inventory revealed the following:
Table 8: Species composition and feature inventory of Compartment C3
Tree Species Found % Miscellaneous Information Hemlock 56 % Estimated height of trees 10-19 meters Yellow Birch 17 % Average diameter at breast height 34-48 cm Red Maple 7 % Cavity trees 4 / ha Black Ash 7 % Super canopy trees None Sugar Maple 3 % Down woody debris High Beech 3 % Mast trees 4/ ha (Be) Cedar 3 % Stick nests 0 Species at Risk None Observed Quality : Acceptable Growing Stock 86 % Total 100% Stand Basal Area = 29.0m2/ha
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Table 9: Regeneration composition of Compartment C3
Tree Species % Average Distribution Comments Cover Height (m) Hemlock 60 5-6 m Consistent Found on shady overstory Balsam Fir 10 5 m Patchy Around edges of the stand Cedar 10 4 m Patchy Around the Black Ash edges
Table 10: Forest structure (m2/ha) of Compartment C3
Poles Small Medium Large X Large (10-24 cm) (26-32 cm) (34-38 cm) (40-48 cm) (50 cm +) Total
Compartment C3 6.00 5.00 8.00 8.00 2.00 29.00
Management Assessment
The inventory information above indicates a higher than normal stocking which is typical for lowland conifer. The fact that there is good representation of stocking in all age classes, combined with a good supply of shade tolerant regeneration, supports the future sustainability of this lowland. The future succession of this stand typically is dependent on larger trees blowing over in wind storms from unstable organic soils, and automatically being replaced by established regeneration in the forest floor.
Protecting the integrity of this habitat is crucial to maintaining the biodiversity of Glebe Park. It is recommended that this compartment remains protected from any future development within the park to retain this high valued ecological ecosystem.
Forest monitoring is recommended
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Photograph 4: Forest composition of Compartment C3
C4: MAPLE POLEWOOD FOREST
Compartment 4 is a small (1.15 acres) isolated, yet unique stand at the north-eastern boundary of Glebe Park. The stand is dominated by 35 year old Sugar Maple polewood, with other shade intolerant species of Black Cherry and Poplar poles of the same age class. There are no trails from Glebe Park associated with this stand however some walking trails appear to come from local residences, leading into the Glebe Park trail infrastructure.
Soil Type
Medium to deep sandy loams appear within this small valley at the base of the steeper elevations to the west.
Drainage
Although this stand is relatively level, a small intermittent stream bed is etched through the center of the block, flowing easterly into the ditch lines of Highway 118. This water would then enter into the Head Lake watershed.
History
This stand reveals young even aged forest characteristics indicating that it was virtually cleared land at one time. The age of this stand appears to coincide with the previous logging activities from 50 years ago. Located at the base of the hilly terrain found in the northern section of Glebe Park and adjacent to highway 118 this would have been an ideal location for a log landing at that time. Another theory would be a local resident performed an intensely cut firewood plot.
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Forest Inventory
The forest Inventory revealed the following:
Table 11: Species composition and feature inventory of Compartment C4
Tree Species Found % Miscellaneous Information Sugar Maple 55% Estimated height of trees 18 metres Black Cherry 20 % Average diameter at breast height 10-24 cm Poplar 15 % Cavity trees 4 / ha (Po) Yellow Birch 10% Super canopy trees None Down woody debris Low Mast trees 10/ ha (Cb) Stick nests 0 Species at Risk None Observed Quality : Acceptable Growing Stock 75 % Total 100% Stand Basal Area 20.0m2/ha
Table 12: Regeneration composition of Compartment C4
Tree Species % Average Distribution Comments Cover Height (m) Balsam Fir 10 3 m Patchy Located under very dense canopy
Table 13: Forest structure (m2/ha) of Compartment C4
Poles Small Medium Large X Large (10-24 cm) (26-32 cm) (34-38 cm) (40-48 cm) (50 cm +) Total
Compartment C4 18.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.00
Ideal Structure 6.20 4.20 2.70 3.90 3.00 20.00
Management Assessment
The inventory information above indicates that this young forest is very over stocked in the pole size classes. The overall health shows 25 % of the trees are unacceptable growing stock, indicating the natural process of competition for sunlight is taking place. The potential exists to reduce the stocking in the overstocked size classes in order to promote a healthier forest while encouraging the growth of the younger poles however no economic value could be attributed to this process. The future of this stand will remain maple dominated, as the shade intolerant species of black cherry and poplar will become out-competed for sunlight and naturally fall from the stand. Natural regeneration will remain absent because of the young dominant maple over story that will not let any sunlight into the forest floor for several decades.
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Forest monitoring and management is recommended. The removal of diseased trees within Compartment C4 would benefit the future health of this stand.
Photograph 5: Forest composition of Compartment C4
C5: UNMANAGED MAPLE FOREST
Compartment 5 is located in the most northerly area of Glebe Park. This stand contains steep northern slopes that drop from the highest elevations, through several ledges, to the ditch lines of Highway 118. This 39.35 acre uneven aged maple forest ranges from 80-125 years old and reveals good growing conditions indicated by the presence of basswood tree species. The maturity of this forest has attracted members of the raptor family as two stick nests were found during the winter research. Although not currently active stick nests should always remain protected habitat as other hawks will commonly redecorate these nests in future years.
Intensive trail construction has been required to side grade the 2300 meters of recreation trails that wind over this terrain.
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Soil Type
Medium to deep sandy loams can be found on the northern slopes, typical of this region as glaciers historically have deposited more soils and boulder till during their retreat. Moisture regimes increase as you approach the lower slopes.
Drainage
One intermittent stream is located within this stand flowing north-easterly and descending out of Glebe Park into the Head Lake watershed. One flat shelf near the lower slopes section of C5 has created a water pocket on the bed rock, resulting in a vernal pool with ecological benefits for wildlife, reptiles and amphibians in the area.
History
Past harvesting rotations were focused on tree removal based on diameter cuts and high grading quality products over several decades, however this stand does not disclose any evidence of recent harvests (< 50 years). Compartment C5 resembles this typical discovery when assessing older stands for the planning of first selective management prescription. The effort was put forward about 10 years ago to have this block tree marked under the selective tree removal process, however, there was no harvest performed.
Forest Inventory
The forest inventory revealed the following:
Table 14: Species composition and feature inventory of Compartment C5
Tree Species Found % Miscellaneous Information Sugar Maple 83 % Estimated height of trees 24 meters Basswood 6 % Average diameter at breast height 26-48 cm White Ash 4 % Cavity trees 8 / ha Yellow Birch 3 % Super canopy trees None Hemlock 2 % Down woody debris High Black Cherry 1 % Mast trees 8/ha (Cb) Spruce and misc. softwood 1 % Stick nests 2 - inactive Species at Risk None Observed Quality : Acceptable Growing Stock 59 % Total 100% Stand Basal Area 30.40 m2/ha
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Table 15: Regeneration composition of Compartment C5
Tree Species % Average Distribution Comments Cover Height (m) Sugar Maple 20 2-4 m Consistent Found on lower slopes White Ash 10 3 m Patchy Shallow drier soils with higher elevation Black Cherry 10 4 m Patchy Open sunny and dry areas
Table 16: Forest structure (m2/ha) of Compartment C5
Poles Small Medium Large X Large (10-24 cm) (26-32 cm) (34-38 cm) (40-48 cm) (50 cm +) Total
Compartment C5 6.60 9.00 6.80 6.60 1.40 30.40
Ideal Structure 6.20 4.20 2.70 3.90 3.00 20.00
Management Assessment
The inventory information above indicates that this mature maple forest currently is overstocked by 1/3 of the ideal with a current basal area of 30.40 m2/ha. It is overstocked in small to large size classes and slightly under stocked in extra large trees. The overall health shows 41 % of the trees are unacceptable growing stock, identifying an opportunity to remove some poor quality diseased and defective trees while retaining larger defective trees for wildlife cavity habitat. The preceding information indicates the ideal scenario is in place for a selective harvest in a mature maple stand by removing 1/3 of the defective and diseased trees to achieve ideal density and structure of Compartment C5.
If the health condition of this stand C5 is not addressed, this stand will continue to lose volume though mortality of less dominant trees, producing poor vigour, resulting in infectious diseases being allowed to spread within the stand, thereby not allowing the future health to improve for many years.
Sufficient regeneration is established in the understory if thinning is performed to allow for producing a sustainable forest structure in C5.
Removal of defective and diseased trees should be addressed in this compartment for the reasons of health and safety of the recreational users, while protecting the future long term of health of the forest.
Several factors may have influenced the fact that no harvesting has been performed on this block to date.
1) The objectives of the Glebe Park Committee do not include commercial harvesting activities.
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2) The value of products to be removed does not economically support a viable harvest with the current market value of forest products.
3) The steep terrain, poor access and scheduling required to not disrupt recreational activities occurring in the northern portions of the park, are prohibitive.
4) Two wooden structured bridges are currently used to span the intermittent stream with steep banks. These bridges are not structurally sound for the use of commercial harvesting equipment, therefore not allowing access to all the sections of C5.Alternate routes and temporary crossings could be investigated, however serious ecological and environmental issues would be jeopardized.
A combination of all or any part of these four factors has allowed this forest to present serious forest health and safety concerns.
Forest management adjacent to the trails and within the compartment is recommended.
Photograph 6: Forest Structure of Compartment C5
OA: OPEN EDUCATIONAL AND RECREATIONAL AREAS
Open areas within Glebe Park are defined as non-forested areas and are generally used for education and recreational activities; activities that remain a major component of land
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Glebe Park Stewardship Plan - DRAFT 2011 stewardship. There are 6.54 acres of Glebe Park designated as open area. Some of the features associated with open areas include the following:
Toboggan Hill
Located on the southern slopes of Glebe Park adjacent to the Museum Road, this hill is primarily used in the winter under frozen conditions for tobogganing by the residents of Haliburton Village. This area is not used in the frost free season and therefore native grasses, shrubs and berry bushes are allowed to regenerate on this slope. This opening, which is adjacent to C1, will provide ecological value to wildlife through the provision of browse and soft mast (berries) that develop each summer.
Cross-country Ski Chalet
The Cross-country Ski Chalet is once again used primarily as a staging area for local ski activities associated with the Haliburton Nordic Trails Association. Local schools also use this facility for ski training and regional competitions. In the frost free seasons this chalet is used by the Junior Naturalist for outdoor educational activities.
Photograph 7: Ski chalet and toboggan hill
Haliburton Highlands Museum
This historical facility displays many exhibits from Haliburton’s Cultural background. Several buildings are located on this site.
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Northern Open Area
The northern open area is a small area (0.7 acres) surrounding by Compartment C1, that was formerly an overflow parking and camping site for outdoor musical performances or gatherings within the park (See Photograph 8). The Glebe Park Committee reported that this area is no longer used for that purpose and asked for recommendations. Forest Design Consulting recommends restoration of this area through the following process:
- Staking out preferred trail locations to cross this opening; - Maintain the 3 meter trails that are permanently located across the opening; - Prohibit motorized vehicles into this area; - Select a suitable area to transplant native trees that are not currently in the arboretum and redirect the trail to this location; and - Allow natural regeneration to encroach from the forest edge to become established in the underutilized areas.
This process of natural succession will begin as mosses, grasses and sedges and succeed into low shrubs such as Raspberry and Blackberry followed thereafter by the germination of early successional, shade intolerant tree species. These tree species will include primarily Poplar, White Birch and Black Cherry along with a few conifers such as Balsam Fir, Spruce and Hemlock. Through this succession this area will provide a unique habitat in the Park thereby contributing to the diversity and biodiversity of the Park.
Photograph 8: Northern open area
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MAJOR DISEASES AND DEFECTS AFFECTING FOREST HEALTH IN GLEBE PARK
The following major diseases and defects affecting forest health in Glebe Park were noted:
Crown Dieback – This defect usually indicates Photograph 9: Crown Dieback that a tree is under stress, exhibiting low growth and vigour. Examples of tree stress found in Glebe Park include ditching of trails that cut or damage root systems. Trails that change the flow of surface water that may change the moisture regime of the trees root system. Fill dumped on or around a tree root system will also deprive the root system of oxygen.
Eutypella Canker – Another major infectious Photograph 10: Cobra canker (Eutypella parasitica) disease that produces spores annually that will spread to other trees. This disease will eventually girdle the tree, depriving any nutrients to the crown. Trees often suffer breakage from the wind before girdling is complete.
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Nectria Canker – This is a major infectious Photograph 11: Target canker (Nectria galligena) disease that produces spores annually that spread to other trees. This disease will eventually girdle the tree, depriving any nutrients to the crown. Trees often suffer breakage from the wind before girdling is complete.
Sugar Maple Borer – This defect is caused by Photograph 12: Sugar Maple Borer an insect that lives during the summer months under the bark in the cambium layer where he engraves a cannel for feeding on the nutrients traveling to the crowns. They often attack low vigor trees. There is no way of detecting this borer until several years later when the bark cracks open, revealing the damage. The future of these scares can lead to rotting, wind breakage or the entrance of out infectious spores within the forest.
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WILDLIFE AND ECOLOGICAL VALUES
ECOSITE CLASSIFICATION
Glebe Park is dominated by Sugar Maple forests with a light mix of White Ash, Yellow Birch and American Basswood. The understorey consists of a moderate shrub layer comprised of species such as Fly Honeysuckle, Alternate-leaved Dogwood and Striped Maple and ground cover consisting of species such as Blue Cohosh, Spinulose Wood Fern, Wild Lily of the Valley and White Baneberry. This composition suggests an Ecosite Classification of ES26: Sugar Maple- Basswood. Sugar Maple - Basswood Ecosites have moderate to low representation in the County of Haliburton with an estimated representation of 7% of the forested landscape.
A Sugar Maple - Basswood Ecosite is typically associated with coarse loamy to fine loamy/clayey and fresh to moist, often calcareous soils. This is in accordance with the geological mapping which identifies bedrock comprised of marble, calc-silicate rocks, skarn, tectonic breccias in close proximity to the Park: a bedrock type from which calcium rich soils can be derived.
Although dominated by a Sugar Maple-Basswood Ecosite the history of the management within the various compartments has greatly affected the structure of the forest resulting in a wide variety of age classes and availability of natural features typically associated with this Ecosite. Further the development of the extensive trail network has introduced a high component of forest edge and therefore shade intolerant species such as Wild Raspberry and Common Blackberry are also common.
GENERAL WILDLIFE VALUES
Throughout the historical management of the compartments, many wildlife values have been retained. Specifically, snags, and cavity trees in the form of nesting cavities, feeding cavities and escape cavities, are common throughout with many of large diameter (See Photograph 13 and Photograph 14). Larger diameter snags and cavities provide nesting/denning and roosting opportunities for medium sized mammals, raptors and Pileated Woodpeckers. Mast (i.e. nut and berry producing) trees consisting of American Beech and Black Cherry can also be found scattered throughout the Park. Black Bear claw marks on the American Beech (Photograph 15) indicate that beech are being utilized by the local fauna as a food source. Downed woody debris of various diameters is also present. Large diameter downed woody debris provides moist habitats for salamanders, detritivores and fungal communities.
Two stick nests were noted in the Park (See Photograph 16) however these were limited to the compartment in the north where no historical management has occurred. It is unknown whether past management activities protected other stick nests. Both stick nests were revisited during breeding season however no activity was noted.
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Glebe Park has numerous vernal ponds (See Photograph 17) and one lowland swamp (Compartment C3). These areas provide valuable habitat for numerous amphibians and insects as well as provide hydrological functions. In regard to the latter, vernal ponds and low swamp areas retain water in the spring and slowly release it throughout the year thereby maintaining moisture levels within a forest. As well, the organic soils and floral community typically associated with these areas filter runoff thereby removing sediments and contaminants from streams and creeks.
A complete list of wildlife documented on site is provided in Appendix 1: Wildlife Inventory
Photograph 13: Escape cavity at base of mature Yellow Birch
Photograph 14: Nesting cavity in mature Yellow Birch
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Photograph 15: Bear claw marks on mature American Beech
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Photograph 16: Stick nest in mature maple
Photograph 17: Vernal Pond
SONGBIRD INVENTORY
The aural songbird inventory revealed an avifaunal community consisting of woodland, wetland and open area species (See Table 17). Of interest is that woodland area sensitive species such as the Black-throated Blue Warbler and the Veery, are present. This indicates that Glebe Park is part of a contiguous forest that supports forest interior species; species that prefer habitat well distanced from the forest edge.
Species typically associated with open area and early successional forests are also present and would be associated with the forest edges adjacent to trails and the maintained open area in the southern portion of the Park.
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Two marsh species were identified and may be associated with the small vernal ponds. The Broad-winged Hawk was also heard on site and therefore it is probably that an active stick nest is either on-site or in close proximity. No active stick nests were noted during the field investigation.
Table 17: Songbird inventory, area sensitivity and habitat guild
Common Name Area Sensitivity Primary Nesting Habitat American Crow Area sensitive Woodlands American Goldfinch Not sensitive Early successional American Redstart Not sensitive Deciduous woodlands American Robin Not sensitive Urban Black-billed Cuckoo Not sensitive Early successional Blackburnian Warbler No data Coniferous woodlands Black-capped Chickadee Not sensitive Mixed woodlands Black-throated Blue Warbler Area sensitive Mixed woodlands Black-throated Green Warbler Not sensitive Coniferous woodlands Blue Jay Area sensitive Woodlands Broad-winged Hawk Not sensitive Mixed woodlands Brown Creeper Not sensitive Mixed woodlands Chestnut-sided Warbler Not sensitive Early successional Common Grackle Not sensitive Woodlands Common Raven Not sensitive Woodlands Common Yellowthroat Not sensitive Marsh Downy Woodpecker Not sensitive Deciduous woodlands Eastern Bluebird Not applicable Agricultural Eastern Phoebe No data Woodlands Eastern Wood-pewee Not sensitive Deciduous woodlands European Starling Not sensitive Woodlands Hairy Woodpecker Area sensitive Mixed woodlands Hermit Thrush No data Coniferous woodlands Magnolia Warbler Not sensitive Mixed woodlands Mourning Warbler No data Open woodlands Nashville Warbler No data Mixed woodlands Northern Flicker Not sensitive Mixed woodlands Ovenbird Area sensitive Deciduous woodlands Pileated Woodpecker Area sensitive Mixed woodlands Red-eyed Vireo Area sensitive Deciduous woodlands Red-winged Blackbird Not sensitive Marsh Ruffed Grouse No data Mixed woodlands Scarlet Tanager Area sensitive Deciduous woodlands Song Sparrow Not sensitive Early successional Swainson's Thrush No data Mixed woodlands Turkey Vulture No data Cliffs
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Common Name Area Sensitivity Primary Nesting Habitat Veery Area sensitive Mixed woodlands White-breasted Nuthatch Area sensitive Deciduous woodlands White-throated Sparrow No data Early successional Winter Wren No data Coniferous woodlands Yellow-bellied Sapsucker No data Mixed woodlands
SPECIES AT RISK
The habitats as described are suitable for a number of Species at Risk, specifically Canada Warbler, American Ginseng, Chimney Swift and West Virginia White.
The Canada Warbler is categorized as Threatened federally and a species of Special Concern provincially. This songbird has a preference for moist, mixed forests as well as thicket swamp, red maple swamps and conifer swamps dominated by eastern white cedar. The habitat found in Compartment C3, which consists of a perimeter of Eastern Hemlock and a lowland area dominated by Black Ash, Red Maple and Yellow Birch, would be suitable habitat. The Canada Warbler is known to exist in close proximity to Glebe Park. Although the Canada Warbler was not detected on site, a full presence/absence inventory was beyond the scope of this project.
American Ginseng is categorized as Endangered both federally and provincially. A mature Sugar Maple forest on calcareous soils is suitable for American Ginseng, however the site conditions of Glebe Park are highly fragmented by the trail network and the canopy has been significantly opened by historical management activities. Further, American Ginseng is threatened by illegal harvesting and Glebe Park is an area of high public use. These conditions lower the probability of American Ginseng occurring on site. During the floral inventory suitable areas at the site level were investigated and American Ginseng was not identified on site. Regardless the potential for the occurrence of American Ginseng does exist and should be considered prior to any further management activities that may be detrimental. Compartment 5 represents a relatively closed canopy and therefore is likely the most suitable area.
The Chimney Swift is categorized as Threatened federally and provincially. The Chimney swift has historically been associated with old growth forest where they utilized large diameter snags for nesting areas. With the loss of old growth habitat the Chimney Swift has adapted to urban environments, utilizing chimneys rather than snags. Some large diameter snags were noted within Glebe Park and could be suitable as nesting sites. Chimney Swifts are known to exist in close proximity to Glebe Park. Although the Chimney Swift was not detected on site, a full presence/absence inventory was beyond the scope of this project.
The West Virginia White is categorized as a species of Special Concern provincially and is a butterfly that requires moist wooded areas that support a healthy population of wildflowers. Eggs are laid singly on the underneath of the leaves of their host plant, Two-leaved Toothwort
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(Dentaria diphylla). Two-leaved Toothwort is uncommon in the County of Haliburton but is found in Compartment C5 (See Photograph 18). Given that the host plant is found in Glebe Park the West Virginia White may also be present.
Photograph 18: Two-leaved Toothwort (Dentaria Diphylla)
MANAGEMENT APPROACH
ECOLOGICAL VIABILITY
Glebe Park supports a wildlife community characteristic of a forested habitat and early successional habitat. The forested habitat is supported by the contiguous forests adjacent to the Park to the north and west. As development progresses adjacent to, and within the park, the forested habitat will become more fragmented and the richness of woodland area sensitive species will decline. Currently there is an extensive network of wide trails (See Photograph 19), often creating narrow bands of trees between the trails. Narrow bands of trees are impacted by sunlight and wind, thereby altering the moisture regimes and species composition, and increasing vulnerability to blowdown. To mitigate this effect, activities within the Park should be designed to minimize fragmentation and protect unique habitats. The following activities are recommended:
- Prohibit trail development in vernal ponds and Compartment C3; - Evaluate trail network to identify redundant trails and opportunities to reduce fragmentation; - Prohibit further development of wide recreational trails or skid trails, or adopt a "no net loss" policy if trails are to be developed to mitigate current fragmentation; - Maintain a moderately closed canopy in Compartment C5 to promote a wildlife community characteristic of a mature Maple-Basswood forest; and
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- Prohibit further development of wide recreational trails in Compartment C5
During the field investigation, evidence of off-trail mountain biking was noted. Although the impact is currently limited to a narrow trail less than 1m wide, if unmanaged and excessive, this activity could pose a potential threat to the ground cover and shrub layer of the forest and detrimentally impact the wildlife community. Therefore the following is recommended:
- Develop policies to manage mountain bike activities and ensure activity is limited to designated route.
Photograph 19: Wide diameter ski trail
MONITORING TREE HEALTH
Professional monitoring has been recommended for Compartments C2 and C3 and would involve an assessment of forest health, crown closure and regeneration. It is recommended that professional monitoring occur in 3-5 year intervals to ensure the forest is maturing appropriately and not succumbing to disease and insect infestation.
It is also recommended that the Glebe Park Committee conduct annual monitoring of the Park to ensure no unauthorized activities are occurring.
SAFETY
The removal of defective and diseased trees should be addressed in all compartments for the reasons of safety for the recreational users. Therefore immediate planning should be put into place to address the removal of unhealthy, diseased trees within 25 metres of the trails,
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Glebe Park Stewardship Plan - DRAFT 2011 buildings, and parking lots that potentially pose a safety threat to the recreational users. A 25m buffer is recommended as it represents the typical length of a mature deciduous tree. It should be noted that the extent to which this is required will vary by compartment with C1 and C5 requiring the greatest effort/metre of trail. The representative buffer area is calculated for each compartment in Table 18.
Table 18: Trail buffer areas for each compartment
Compartment Area Trail Buffer Area (25m) Remaining Area OA: Open Area 6.54 3.59 2.95 C1: Young Maple Forest 24.33 11.75 12.58 C2: Managed Maple Forest 75.52 40.27 35.25 C3: Hemlock Lowland 1.41 0.11 1.30 C4: Maple Polewood Forest 1.15 0.00 1.15 C5: Unmanaged Maple Forest 39.35 22.88 16.47 Totals 148.30 78.60 69.70
The process by which the defective and diseased trees should be removed is described below in Stand improvement.
SCHEDULING
Glebe Park is a multi use, year-round, recreational facility and therefore the concern of safety and the due diligence to deal with safety concerns relies on the owner or manager of the property. Dead and parts of dead trees pose an immediate threat to trail users and infected diseased trees are considered a future hazard. Managing risk is beyond the scope of this project and therefore the scheduling for the removal of these trees will be the responsibility of the Glebe Park Committee.
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Figure 5: Application of 25m trail buffer
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STAND IMPROVEMENT
Although commercial harvesting is likely the most effective means of removing the diseased and damaged trees, the Glebe Park Committee does not support commercial harvesting and the intensity of the harvest and the introduction of additional access trails is in conflict with enhancing the identified ecological values of the Park. Further the implementation of a commercial harvest would not be economically viable as the revenue from the removed trees would not offset the costs of the harvest. Therefore a forest tending or stand improvement approach is recommended.
Stand Improvement is a silvicultural practice commonly used in a forest tending prescription to remove diseased or undesirable tree species when financial or operational constraints are in place. The application of this practice starts with the tree marking of the trees to be removed, followed by forest workers, carefully felling the trees to the ground using chainsaws. The trees are then left on the ground to bio degrade into future forest nutrients in the woodlot, while allowing the forest to improve in health, regeneration and vigour. Within the 25m trail buffer it is recommended that the trees by lopped/slashed to within 2 feet of the ground to improve the aesthetics of the project and speed up the biodegrading process.
Although there is a short term cost to this approach when applied to the Glebe Park scenario, it should be taken into consideration that a healthy forest will be a safer forest and require less maintenance / tending over the longer term. Further, this approach minimizes environmental impact and is compatible with the recreational use of the Park. Finally, a healthy vigorous forest will also have the potential to generate more financial benefit in the long term, a fact that can be assessed in the stewardship plan beyond the year 2021.
SCHEDULING
Tree marking can be done at any time of the year; however marking at times of no foliage improves visibility in tree assessment, thereby greatly reducing the margin of error. Tree marking must be done prior to the tender process in order for potential forest workers to properly review the stand improvement proposal.
Stand improvement can be scheduled for any time of the year as no heavy equipment is required. However visibility to fell trees carefully and safely is best when the trees are dormant and leaves are off. Most forest tending work in the region is done in the spring during break up, after March 15th, and other forestry operations start to shut down. This break up schedule would be ideal for this project as the trails shut down and less people are using the park.
Aesthetic impression is also a consideration when scheduling this project. The foliage on crowns from summer cut trees turn brown and can stay on even through the winter. Once again the
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Glebe Park Stewardship Plan - DRAFT 2011 spring schedule would mitigate this effect as the trees would be cut and lopped down to the ground prior to the foliage emerging. When the Park users return in June the leaves are on, covering the trees and tops that are on the ground. This approach was used successfully in March, 2007 when the neighbouring Fleming College performed similar practices within the Sculpture Forest and reportedly very few negative concerns were expressed after this prescription was completed.
COST ANALYSIS
To estimate costs associated with the proposed forest management the following assumptions/ parameters were adopted:
- A prescription for the entire park would be completed in one visit; - The stand improvement would involve two visits; one for the trail buffers and one for the compartment interior - Rates are based on 2011 rates - Professional monitoring of the Park will occur 3 times in the 10 year period
Table 19 details the cost estimates for the proposed forest management.
Table 19: Estimated costs of forest management
Activity Cost/Unit Unit Type # of Units # of Occur. Total Cost Stand Improvement Prescription $300.00 document 1 1 $300.00 Tree Marking C1 $23.00 acre 24.33 1 $559.59 C2 $23.00 acre 75.52 1 $1736.96 C4 $23.00 acre 1.15 1 $26.45 C5 $23.00 acre 39.35 1 $905.05 Start-up Inspection $50.00 hour 5 2 $500.00 Stand Improvement C1 $48.00 acre 24.33 1 $1167.84 C2 $35.00 acre 75.52 1 $2643.20 C4 $48.00 acre 1.15 1 $55.20 C5 $48.00 acre 39.35 1 $1888.80 Post Operation Inspection $50.00 hour 5 2 $500.00 Monitoring $50.00 hour 5 3 $750.00 Total $11033.09
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SUMMARY
The Glebe Park Stewardship Plan identifies the need for limited forest management practices to be applied over the next 10 years. Forest management practices have been recommended that are in accordance with the objectives of the Glebe Park Committee; that is, to enhance forest health while maintaining the ecological integrity of Glebe Park. A cost analysis has also been provided to assist the Committee in assessing costs and planning for the implementation of the stewardship.
Forest Design Consulting and Glenside Ecological Services Limited would like to thank all the professional advisors, the Glebe Park Committee, Municipality of Dysart et al and the key stakeholder users, for the opportunity to assist in developing a long term plan in support of sustainable land stewardship.
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APPENDIX 1: WILDLIFE INVENTORY
Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR) Status: NAR - Not at Risk; SC - Special Concern; THR - Threatened; END - Endangered
Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) Status: NAR - Not at Risk; SC - Special Concern; THR - Threatened; END - Endangered
S_Rank (Provincial Ranking): S1 - Extremely rare; S5 - Common. S3 and below are tracked by the OMNR
Class/Order Scientific Name Common Name MNR COSEWIC S_RANK Status Status Aves Cuculiformes Coccyzus erythropthalmus Black-billed Cuckoo S5B Falconiformes Buteo platypterus Broad-winged Hawk S5B Falconiformes Cathartes aura Turkey Vulture S5B Galliformes Bonasa umbellus Ruffed Grouse S5 Passeriformes Agelaius phoeniceus Red-winged Blackbird S5 Passeriformes Carduelis tristis American Goldfinch S5B Passeriformes Catharus fuscescens Veery S4B Passeriformes Catharus guttatus Hermit Thrush S5B Passeriformes Catharus ustulatus Swainson's Thrush S4B Passeriformes Certhia americana Brown Creeper S5B Passeriformes Contopus virens Eastern Wood-pewee S4B Passeriformes Corvus brachyrhynchos American Crow S5B Passeriformes Corvus corax Common Raven S5 Passeriformes Cyanocitta cristata Blue Jay S5 Passeriformes Dendroica caerulescens Black-throated Blue S5B Warbler Passeriformes Dendroica fusca Blackburnian Warbler S5B Passeriformes Dendroica magnolia Magnolia Warbler S5B Passeriformes Dendroica pensylvanica Chestnut-sided S5B Warbler Passeriformes Dendroica virens Black-throated Green S5B Warbler Passeriformes Geothlypis trichas Common S5B Yellowthroat Passeriformes Melospiza melodia Song Sparrow S5B Passeriformes Oporornis philadelphia Mourning Warbler S4B Passeriformes Piranga olivacea Scarlet Tanager S4B Passeriformes Poecile atricapillus Black-capped S5 Chickadee Passeriformes Quiscalus quiscula Common Grackle S5B Passeriformes Sayornis phoebe Eastern Phoebe S5B
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Class/Order Scientific Name Common Name MNR COSEWIC S_RANK Status Status Passeriformes Seiurus aurocapilla Ovenbird S4B Passeriformes Setophaga ruticilla American Redstart S5B Passeriformes Sialia sialis Eastern Bluebird NAR NAR S5B Passeriformes Sitta carolinensis White-breasted S5 Nuthatch Passeriformes Sturnus vulgaris European Starling SNA Passeriformes Troglodytes troglodytes Winter Wren S5B Passeriformes Turdus migratorius American Robin S5B Passeriformes Vermivora ruficapilla Nashville Warbler S5B Passeriformes Vireo olivaceus Red-eyed Vireo S5B Passeriformes Zonotrichia albicollis White-throated S5B Sparrow Piciformes Colaptes auratus Northern Flicker S4B Piciformes Dryocopus pileatus Pileated Woodpecker S5 Piciformes Picoides pubescens Downy Woodpecker S5 Piciformes Picoides villosus Hairy Woodpecker S5 Piciformes Sphyrapicus varius Yellow-bellied S5B Sapsucker Mammalia Artiodactyla Odocoileus virginianus White-tailed Deer S5 Carnivora Ursus americanus American Black Bear NAR NAR S5 Carnivora Vulpes vulpes Red Fox S5 Lagomorpha Lepus americanus Snowshoe Hare S5 Rodentia Tamiasciurus hudsonicus Red Squirrel S5 Insecta Lepidoptera Carterocephalus palaemon Arctic Skipper S5 Lepidoptera Chlosyne harrisii Harris's Checkerspot S4 Lepidoptera Erynnis juvenalis Juvenal's Duskywing S5 Lepidoptera Glaucopsyche lygdamus Silvery Blue S5 Lepidoptera Hesperia sassacus Indian Skipper S4 Lepidoptera Megisto cymela Little Wood-Satyr S5 Lepidoptera Papilio canadensis Canadian Tiger S5 Swallowtail Lepidoptera Phyciodes cocyta Northern Crescent S5 Lepidoptera Pieris oleracea Mustard White S4 Lepidoptera Poanes hobomok Hobomok Skipper S5 Lepidoptera Polites themistocles Tawny-edged Skipper S5 Lepidoptera Thorybes pylades Northern Cloudywing S5 Odonata Basiaeschna janata Springtime Darner S5 Odonata Calopteryx aequabilis River Jewelwing S5 Odonata Calopteryx maculata Ebony Jewelwing S5 Odonata Cordulia shurtleffii American Emerald S5 Odonata Dorocordulia libera Racket-tailed S5
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Class/Order Scientific Name Common Name MNR COSEWIC S_RANK Status Status Emerald Odonata Enallagma hageni Hagen's Bluet S5 Odonata Epitheca cynosura Common Baskettail S5 Odonata Gomphus exilis Lancet Clubtail S5 Odonata Gomphus spicatus Dusky Clubtail S5 Odonata Ischnura verticalis Eastern Forktail S5 Odonata Ladona julia Chalk-fronted S5 Corporal Odonata Leucorrhinia hudsonica Hudsonian Whiteface S5 Odonata Libellula quadrimaculata Four-spotted S5 Skimmer Odonata Nehalennia irene Sedge Sprite S5 Odonata Plathemis lydia Common Whitetail S5 Dicotyledoneae Apiales Aralia nudicaulis Wild Sarsaparilla S5 Asterales Eurybia macrophylla Large-leaf Wood- S5 aster Capparales Cardamine diphylla Two-leaf Toothwort S5 Caryophyllales Stellaria borealis Northern Stitchwort S5 Cornales Cornus alternifolia Alternate-leaf S5 Dogwood Dipsacales Lonicera canadensis American Fly- S5 honeysuckle Dipsacales Sambucus racemosa European Red Elder S5 Dipsacales Viburnum lantanoides Alderleaf Viburnum S5 Dipsacales Viburnum nudum var. Northern Wild-raisin S5 cassinoides Ericales Gaultheria procumbens Teaberry S5 Fagales Betula alleghaniensis Yellow Birch S5 Fagales Betula papyrifera Paper Birch S5 Fagales Corylus cornuta Beaked Hazelnut S5 Fagales Fagus grandifolia American Beech S4 Fagales Ostrya virginiana Eastern Hop- S5 hornbeam Geraniales Impatiens capensis Spotted Jewel-weed S5 Lamiales Lycopus uniflorus Northern Bugleweed S5 Malvales Tilia americana American Basswood S5 Polygonales Polygonum cilinode Fringed Black S5 Bindweed Primulales Trientalis borealis Northern Starflower S5 Ranunculales Actaea rubra Red Baneberry S5 Ranunculales Caulophyllum thalictroides S5 Ranunculales Coptis trifolia Goldthread S5 Rosales Fragaria virginiana Virginia Strawberry S5
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Glebe Park Stewardship Plan - DRAFT 2011
Class/Order Scientific Name Common Name MNR COSEWIC S_RANK Status Status Rosales Mitella nuda Naked Bishop's-cap S5 Rosales Prunus serotina Wild Black Cherry S5 Rosales Ribes glandulosum Skunk Currant S5 Rosales Rubus allegheniensis Allegheny Blackberry S5 Rosales Rubus flagellaris Northern Dewberry S4 Rosales Rubus idaeus ssp. idaeus Common Red SNA Raspberry Rosales Rubus pubescens Catherinettes Berry S5 Rosales Sorbus decora Northern Mountain- S5 ash Rosales Tiarella cordifolia Heart-leaved Foam- S5 flower Rubiales Galium asprellum Rough Bedstraw S5 Rubiales Galium triflorum Sweet-scent S5 Bedstraw Rubiales Mitchella repens Partridge-berry S5 Salicales Populus tremuloides Trembling Aspen S5 Sapindales Acer pensylvanicum Striped Maple S5 Sapindales Acer saccharum var. Sugar Maple S5 saccharum Scrophulariales Epifagus virginiana Beechdrops S5 Scrophulariales Fraxinus americana White Ash S5 Scrophulariales Fraxinus nigra Black Ash S5 Urticales Ulmus americana American Elm S5 Violales Viola cucullata Marsh Blue Violet S5 Violales Viola pubescens var. S5 pubescens Filicopsida Filicales Adiantum pedatum Northern S5 Maidenhair-fern Filicales Dryopteris carthusiana Spinulose Shield Fern S5 Filicales Dryopteris cristata Crested Shield-fern S5 Filicales Dryopteris marginalis Marginal Wood-fern S5 Filicales Gymnocarpium dryopteris Oak Fern S5 Filicales Onoclea sensibilis Sensitive Fern S5 Filicales Osmunda claytoniana Interrupted Fern S5 Filicales Osmunda regalis Royal Fern S5 Filicales Phegopteris connectilis Northern Beech Fern S5 Filicales Polypodium virginianum Rock Polypody S5 Filicales Polystichum Christmas Fern S5 acrostichoides Filicales Thelypteris New York Fern S4S5 noveboracensis Filicales Thelypteris palustris Marsh Fern S5
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Glebe Park Stewardship Plan - DRAFT 2011
Class/Order Scientific Name Common Name MNR COSEWIC S_RANK Status Status Lycopodiopsida Lycopodiales Huperzia lucidula Shining Clubmoss S5 Lycopodiales Lycopodium annotinum Stiff Clubmoss S5 Lycopodiales Lycopodium dendroideum Treelike Clubmoss S5 Monocotyledoneae Arales Arisaema triphyllum Jack-in-the-pulpit S5 Cyperales Brachyelytrum erectum Bearded Shorthusk S4? var. erectum Cyperales Carex arctata Black Sedge S5 Cyperales Carex communis Fibrous-root Sedge S5 Cyperales Carex crinita Fringed Sedge S5 Cyperales Carex gracillima Graceful Sedge S5 Cyperales Carex intumescens Bladder Sedge S5 Cyperales Carex lacustris Lake-bank Sedge S5 Cyperales Milium effusum Tall Millet-grass S4S5 Liliales Allium tricoccum Small White Leek S5 Liliales Erythronium americanum Yellow Trout-lily S5 Liliales Maianthemum canadense Wild-lily-of-the-valley S5 Liliales Maianthemum S5 racemosum Liliales Medeola virginiana Indian Cucumber- S5 root Liliales Polygonatum pubescens Downy Solomon's- S5 seal Liliales Sisyrinchium montanum Strict Blue-eyed-grass S5 Liliales Streptopus lanceolatus Rose Twisted-stalk S5 Liliales Trillium erectum Red Trillium S5 Liliales Trillium grandiflorum White Trillium S5 Liliales Trillium undulatum Painted Trillium S5? Orchidales Cypripedium acaule Pink Lady's-slipper S5 Pinopsida Pinales Abies balsamea Balsam Fir S5 Pinales Thuja occidentalis Eastern White Cedar S5 Pinales Tsuga canadensis Eastern Hemlock S5 Taxales Taxus canadensis Canadian Yew S4
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Glebe Park Stewardship Plan - DRAFT 2011
APPENDIX 2: COMPARTMENT OPERATIONAL CRUISE SHEETS
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Glebe Park Stewardship Plan - DRAFT 2011
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Glebe Park Stewardship Plan - DRAFT 2011
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Glebe Park Stewardship Plan - DRAFT 2011
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