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Human Trafficking Traini ent ng a em nd rc S fo ta n n E d a w r d a s L B s i o o a n r i d l l I Law Enforcement Executive E xe ute cutive Instit Human Trafficking Vol. 12, No. 1 • March 2012 Law Enforcement Executive Forum Illinois Law Enforcement Training and Standards Board Executive Institute Western Illinois University 1 University Circle Macomb, IL 61455-1390 www.ILETSBEI.com Senior Editor Thomas J. Jurkanin, PhD Editors Vladimir A. Sergevnin, PhD, and Susan C. Nichols, MS Ed. Associate Editors Jennifer M. Allen, PhD Department of Political Science and Criminal Justice, North Georgia College and State University Barry Anderson, JD Professor, School of Law Enforcement and Justice Administration, Western Illinois University Tony A. Barringer, EdD Division of Justice Studies, Florida Gulf Coast University Michael J. Bolton, PhD Chair, Department of Criminal Justice and Sociology, Marymount University Becky K. da Cruz Criminal Justice and Law and Society, Armstrong Atlantic State University Jose de Arimateia da Cruz Political Science and Comparative Politics, Armstrong Atlantic State University Larry Hoover, PhD Director, Police Research Center, Sam Houston State University William Lewinski, PhD Director, Force Science Research Center, Minnesota State University Hyeyoung Lim, PhD Assistant Professor, School of Law Enforcement and Justice Administration, Western Illinois University William McCamey, PhD Professor, School of Law Enforcement and Justice Administration, Western Illinois University Stephen A. Morreale, DPA School of Public Policy and Administration/Criminal Justice, Walden University Gregory Boyce Morrison Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, Ball State University Deborah W. Newman, JD, EdD Professor and Chair, Department of Criminal Justice, Middle Tennessee State University Michael J. Palmiotto Professor, Criminal Justice, Wichita State University Gene L. Scaramella, PhD Dean of Graduate Studies, Ellis College of New York Institute of Technology Wayne Schmidt, LL.M., JD Director, Americans for Effective Law Enforcement Aaron Thompson, PhD Department of Sociology, Eastern Kentucky University Brian N. Williams, PhD School of Public and International Affairs, University of Georgia Law Enforcement Executive Forum • 2012 • 12(1) Editorial Production Document and Publication Services, Western Illinois University, Macomb, Illinois Production Assistant Linda Brines The Law Enforcement Executive Forum is published online four times per year by the Illinois Law Enforcement Training and Standards Board Executive Institute located at Western Illinois University in Macomb, Illinois. ISSN 1552-9908 No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission of the publisher. Disclaimer Reasonable effort has been made to make the articles herein accurate and consistent. Please address questions about individual articles to their respective author(s). Law Enforcement Executive Forum • 2012 • 12(1) Table of Contents Editorial ................................................................................................................................................ i Thomas J. Jurkanin Human Trafficking Toward Constructive Engagement Between Local Law Enforcement and Mobilization and Advocacy of Nongovernmental Organizations About Human Trafficking: Recommendations for Law Enforcement Executives ................................................................ 1 Kirsten Foot John Vanek Human Trafficking: An Overview for Law Enforcement ........................................................... 12 Mary C. Burke Best Practices in Domestic Human Trafficking Policy ................................................................ 22 Charles Anthony Smith Tyler H. Hunt NGOs’ Role in Ending Human Trafficking ................................................................................... 36 Julie Slagter How the Internet Is Used to Facilitate the Trafficking of Humans as Sex Slaves ................. 40 Cheryl (Shelly) George The Third Wave: Human Trafficking in the Western Balkans................................................... 51 Bojan Dobovšek The Child Labor Situation: An Analysis Focusing on Iasi and Vaslui, Romania .................. 64 Rebecca Smokowicz Gang Injunctions: A Tool to Control Gang Activity .................................................................... 86 Matthew D. O’Deane Stephen A. Morreale Do as I Say! Or, Do as I Say, Not as I Have Done! County Sheriffs’ Self-Reported Accountability Priorities for Themselves and Their Subordinates ....................................... 97 T. Casey LaFrance Jonathan Day Chad Ewing David Rohall Police Training A Multimodal Approach to the Management Training of Police Lieutenants ....................... 106 Thomas E. Engells Law Enforcement Executive Forum • 2012 • 12(1) Does Training Impact Cognitive Processing? Preliminary Evidence of Multitasking in Police Pursuit Drivers ................................................................................................................. 110 Jonathan W. Page The Impact of Situational and Contextual Factors on Police Arrest Decisions: An Analysis from the New York Police Department ................................................................ 122 Seksan Khruakham Larry T. Hoover Educated to Serve: Improving Agency Strategies to Recruit the Growing Backlog of Criminal Justice Graduates ....................................................................................................... 136 Todd A. Lough Police Use-of-Force Policy and Force Training Model: Best Practice ....................................... 140 Vladimir Sergevnin Darrell L. Ross Enhancing the Leadership Capabilities of First-Line Supervisors ........................................... 148 Paul A. Cappitelli Charles Evans Policing Thoughts—Deep Brain Stimulation: A Future Crime Prevention Model ............... 153 Martin J. Sissac Defending Enforcement Action: Technological Documentation of Street Officers Activity Defending Officer Action ............................................................................................... 159 Aaron J. Westrick Influence of Stress on Decisionmaking During a Crisis ............................................................ 162 Alan Steinberg Crime Russian Organized Crime and the Existing Measures to Combat It ........................................ 166 Alexander Sukharenko Materials/publications are available through the Illinois Law Enforcement Training and Standards Board Executive Institute. Law Enforcement Executive Forum • 2012 • 12(1) Editorial A Sad Case Study of Public Blagojevich leaves behind two young daugh- Corruption: Governor of Illinois ters and a loving but compliant wife. He will Reports to Prison spend a minimum of 12 years in prison, accord- ing to federal sentencing guidelines. Now 55, On March 15, 2012, the indicted, impeached, Blagojevich will not see freedom until the age and disgraced two-term elected Governor of of 67. What went wrong? Why did he throw Illinois, Rod Blagojevich, reported to a federal away everything in the search for something prison in Littleton, Colorado, to serve a 14-year more? Why do personal egos get in the way? prison term. This single date marks the end of Why would a person who won the public a manipulated public spectacle that “played trust throw it all away? These are intriguing out” for nearly a decade since Blagojevich first questions. ran for governor. Over the intervening years, his corruptive antics and incessant/delusional Should we feel sorry for Governor Blagojevich? denials of wrong-doing were broadcasted in Personally, I feel sorry for the people of Illinois the national media as his sociopathic person- who were deprived of effective leadership ality became ever more evident. and subjected to his corruptive actions, and I feel sorry for his children, but not for him or Rod Blagojevich truly had talent as a politi- for his wife. When you accept the high honor cian. His most prominent skill was campaign- of public office, much is expected. In Illinois, ing and convincing others that he was the Governor Blagojevich was given the oppor- “real deal,” that he represented change, and tunity to improve state government and to that he offered reform and a new direction. significantly impact the lives of 11 million citi- As a Democrat, Blagojevich followed Illinois zens. He failed in the worst possible way. He Republican Governor George Ryan, who is disgraced himself, but more significantly, he presently serving a six-year federal prison disgraced the office. He did not have a com- term for public corruption. Behind the façade pelling desire to act in an ethical manner. of Blagojevich was a deliberate and inten- tional drive to mislead the citizenry of Illinois On May 21, 1974, Jeb Stuart Magruder, who and to take advantage of his public office for served as a young and brilliant top advisor in personal gain. This is the classical definition the Nixon Administration, was sentenced to of public corruption. serve seven months in federal prison for his role in Watergate and its cover-up. At sen- Federal prosecutors understood Rod tencing, Magruder made the following state- Blagojevich’s misdirected intentions long ment to the court: “Somewhere between my before the citizens of Illinois. Within the first ambition and my ideals, I lost my moral com- several years of the Blagojevich administra- pass.” The difference between Magruder and tion, federal prosecutors were investigating Blagojevich is that Blagojevich did not have a the Governor
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