Common Victim Blaming Statements
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Alberti Center for Bullying Abuse Prevention
Alberti Center for Bullying Abuse Prevention Compiled by: Amanda B. Nickerson, Ph.D. | Director Heather Cosgrove | Graduate Assistant Rebecca E. Ligman, M.S.Ed. | Program and Operations Manager June 2012 The Alberti Center for Bullying Abuse Prevention will reduce bullying abuse in schools and in the community by contributing knowledge and providing evidence-based tools to effectively change the language, attitudes, and behaviors of educators, parents, students, and society. Amanda B. Nickerson, Ph.D. | Director Rebecca E. Ligman, M.S.Ed. | Program and Operations Manager Heather Cosgrove | Graduate Assistant Michelle Serwacki | Graduate Assistant Alberti Center for Bullying Abuse Prevention Graduate School of Education University at Buffalo, The State University of New York 428 Baldy Hall Buffalo, NY 14260-1000 P: (716) 645-1532 F: (716) 645-6616 [email protected] gse.buffalo.edu/alberticenter We extend our sincere gratitude to the many groups and individuals who gave their time, energy, and valuable input during this needs assessment process. We thank the National Federation for Just Communities of Western New York, Western New York Educational Services Council, and the Western New York School Psychologist Association for allowing us to obtain feedback from their conference participants. Laura Anderson, Ph.D., Janice DeLucia- Waack, Ph.D., Jennifer Livingston, Ph.D., Amy Reynolds, Ph.D., and Michelle Serwacki, B.A., were helpful in facilitating the focus groups at the WNYESC conference. Several directors and associate directors of similar centers also generously gave of their time to be interviewed, including: Kristin Christodulu, Ph.D.; Michael Furlong, Ph.D.; Lynn Gelzheiser, Ed.D.; Linda Kanan, Ph.D.; Betsey Schühle, M.S.; Susan Swearer, Ph.D.; and Frank Vellutino, Ph.D. -
1 Kenneth Burke and the Theory of Scapegoating Charles K. Bellinger Words Sometimes Play Important Roles in Human History. I
Kenneth Burke and the Theory of Scapegoating Charles K. Bellinger Words sometimes play important roles in human history. I think, for example, of Martin Luther’s use of the word grace to shatter Medieval Catholicism, or the use of democracy as a rallying cry for the American colonists in their split with England, or Karl Marx’s vision of the proletariat as a class that would end all classes. More recently, freedom has been used as a mantra by those on the political left and the political right. If a president decides to go war, with the argument that freedom will be spread in the Middle East, then we are reminded once again of the power of words in shaping human actions. This is a notion upon which Kenneth Burke placed great stress as he painted a picture of human beings as word-intoxicated, symbol-using agents whose motives ought to be understood logologically, that is, from the perspective of our use and abuse of words. In the following pages, I will argue that there is a key word that has the potential to make a large impact on human life in the future, the word scapegoat. This word is already in common use, of course, but I suggest that it is something akin to a ticking bomb in that it has untapped potential to change the way human beings think and act. This potential has two main aspects: 1) the ambiguity of the word as it is used in various contexts, and 2) the sense in which the word lies on the boundary between human self-consciousness and unself-consciousness. -
Pdfopposition to SB 78 A00994 2021-06-21.Pdf
MEMORANDUM Date: June 21, 2021 To: Members, Pennsylvania General Assembly From: Frank P. Cervone, Executive Director, Support Center for Child Advocates Kathleen Creamer, Managing Attorney, Family Advocacy Unit Community Legal Services Terry Fromson, Managing Attorney, Women’s Law Project Elizabeth Randol, Legislative Director, ACLU of Pennsylvania RE: Senate Bill 78 (PN 65) – Kayden’s Law FRIENDS – We have only today learned that Senate Bill 78 may be moving in the PA Senate this week, and so we wanted to respond to recent points made by the bill’s sponsors. We continue to urge that the legislation will work to the detriment of the well-being of children involved in custody disputes. I expect there will be other voices joining in opposition, but because there is some urgency to legislative deliberations we are providing this memorandum now. Primarily, we again urge restraint and caution. Meaningful custody law reform that helps and does not hurt is best done in a deliberative process that balances competing needs and considerations. Interposing the discretion of legislators into complex child custody proceedings, and ignoring the insights and experiences of family court practitioners and judges, remains as problematic today as it did when this initiative was started by a tragic event and a passionate campaign. The course of this drafting process has been frustrating and disappointing. We have made repeated outreach to the lead sponsors throughout this legislative term, without response. None of the interested advocacy organizations even saw Amendment A00994 until after noon today! While we previously met extensively more than one year ago, there was no movement on the substantial problems we have raised, and instead persistent intransigence on key problems. -
Current Issues in Victimization Research and the NCVS's Ability To
Current Issues in Victimization Research and the NCVS’s Ability to Study Them Lynn A. Addington, J.D., Ph.D. Department of Justice, Law and Society American University Prepared for presentation at the Bureau of Justice Statistics Data User’s Workshop, February 12, 2008, Washington, D.C. Introduction and NCVS have played an essential role in shaping what researchers know about victimization as well as providing Thirty-five years have passed since the fielding of the first the national measure of criminal victimization for the National Crime Survey (NCS) and 15 years since its redesign United States.2 For the NCVS to continue in this crucial and emergence as the National Crime Victimization Survey and central role, it should be capable of serving the needs of (NCVS).1 This BJS Data Users Workshop presents a good, researchers, practitioners, and policymakers. Continuing to and much-needed, opportunity to examine how the survey meet the current needs of these various users of NCVS data has been (and could be) used in its present form as well as may require changes to the survey. to consider possible ways the survey could be changed to explore new issues of concern to victimization researchers. This paper has two primary aims. The first is to provide an Current Trends and Open Issues in overview of the current trends and issues in victimization Victimization Research research. Trends include topics that have attracted research Before examining specific issues, it is useful to place the attention as well as those yet to be fully explored as available current state of victimization research into a larger context. -
Blame Attribution in Sexual Victimization ⇑ Carin Perilloux , Joshua D
Personality and Individual Differences 63 (2014) 81–86 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Personality and Individual Differences journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/paid Blame attribution in sexual victimization ⇑ Carin Perilloux , Joshua D. Duntley 1, David M. Buss University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States article info abstract Article history: The current study explored how victims and third-parties attribute blame and perpetrator motivation for Received 13 October 2013 actual sexual victimization experiences. Although we do not assert that victims are responsible for per- Received in revised form 24 January 2014 petrators’ behavior, we found that some victims do not allocate all blame to their perpetrator. We sought Accepted 25 January 2014 to examine how victims and third-parties allocate blame in instances of actual completed and attempted sexual victimization and how they perceived perpetrator motivations. Victims of completed rape (n = 49) and attempted sexual assault (n = 91), and third-parties who knew a victim of sexual assault (n = 152) Keywords: allocated blame across multiple targets: perpetrator, self/victim, friends, family, and the situation. Partic- Rape ipants also described their perceptions of perpetrator’s motivation for the sexual assault. Victims tended Blame Perpetrator to assign more blame to themselves than third-parties assigned to victims. Furthermore, victims per- Victim ceived perpetrators as being more sexually-motivated than third-parties did, who viewed perpetrators Sexual violence as more power-motivated. Results suggest that perceptions of rape and sexual assault significantly differ between victims and third-party individuals who have never directly experienced such a trauma. Ó 2014 Elsevier Ltd. -
Definitions of Child Abuse and Neglect
STATE STATUTES Current Through March 2019 WHAT’S INSIDE Defining child abuse or Definitions of Child neglect in State law Abuse and Neglect Standards for reporting Child abuse and neglect are defined by Federal Persons responsible for the child and State laws. At the State level, child abuse and neglect may be defined in both civil and criminal Exceptions statutes. This publication presents civil definitions that determine the grounds for intervention by Summaries of State laws State child protective agencies.1 At the Federal level, the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment To find statute information for a Act (CAPTA) has defined child abuse and neglect particular State, as "any recent act or failure to act on the part go to of a parent or caregiver that results in death, https://www.childwelfare. serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse, gov/topics/systemwide/ or exploitation, or an act or failure to act that laws-policies/state/. presents an imminent risk of serious harm."2 1 States also may define child abuse and neglect in criminal statutes. These definitions provide the grounds for the arrest and prosecution of the offenders. 2 CAPTA Reauthorization Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-320), 42 U.S.C. § 5101, Note (§ 3). Children’s Bureau/ACYF/ACF/HHS 800.394.3366 | Email: [email protected] | https://www.childwelfare.gov Definitions of Child Abuse and Neglect https://www.childwelfare.gov CAPTA defines sexual abuse as follows: and neglect in statute.5 States recognize the different types of abuse in their definitions, including physical abuse, The employment, use, persuasion, inducement, neglect, sexual abuse, and emotional abuse. -
Read Our Educational Booklet
COMPASS CHANGE THE JOIN THE HAVE THE CONVERSATION CONVERSATION CONVERSATION Spreading facts to change Leadership stepping Empowering victims of sexual the stereotypes about rape up to put an end to violence to heal through open and sexual violence sexual violence discussion Sojourner House is the domestic violence shelter in Mahoning County, shelters over 100 families each year that are survivors of domestic violence providing a safe, violent-free environment to heal and chart a new course. Services are free of charge. WHAT IS SEXUAL VIOLENCE? Sexual violence is whenever sexuality is used as a weapon to gain power or control over someone. UNWANTED CHILD SEXUAL TRAFFICKING HARASSMENT CONTACT ABUSE DOMESTIC INCEST STALKING RAPE VIOLENCE WHAT IS SEXUAL ASSAULT? Sexual Assault is any forced or coerced sexual activity such as unwanted contact, committed against a person’s will or without consent. Rape is a sexual assault that includes but is not limited to forced vaginal, anal, and oral penetration. Rape and sexual assault are crimes of violence with sex used as a weapon that can be committed by strangers, teens, friends, relatives, men, women, dates, partners, lovers, and spouses. WHAT IS CONSENT? WHAT IS COERCION? Consent is a verbal, physical and emotional Coercion is used in an attempt to pressure a agreement that is clear, mutual and ongoing. person to do something they might not want to do. • Consent can only exist when there is equal • Flattery, guilt trips, intimidation or threats are used power and no pressure between partners. to manipulate a person’s choices. • Consent for some things does not mean • Even if someone gives in to coercion, it is NOT consent for all things. -
The Sociology of Gaslighting
ASRXXX10.1177/0003122419874843American Sociological ReviewSweet 874843research-article2019 American Sociological Review 2019, Vol. 84(5) 851 –875 The Sociology of Gaslighting © American Sociological Association 2019 https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122419874843DOI: 10.1177/0003122419874843 journals.sagepub.com/home/asr Paige L. Sweeta Abstract Gaslighting—a type of psychological abuse aimed at making victims seem or feel “crazy,” creating a “surreal” interpersonal environment—has captured public attention. Despite the popularity of the term, sociologists have ignored gaslighting, leaving it to be theorized by psychologists. However, this article argues that gaslighting is primarily a sociological rather than a psychological phenomenon. Gaslighting should be understood as rooted in social inequalities, including gender, and executed in power-laden intimate relationships. The theory developed here argues that gaslighting is consequential when perpetrators mobilize gender- based stereotypes and structural and institutional inequalities against victims to manipulate their realities. Using domestic violence as a strategic case study to identify the mechanisms via which gaslighting operates, I reveal how abusers mobilize gendered stereotypes; structural vulnerabilities related to race, nationality, and sexuality; and institutional inequalities against victims to erode their realities. These tactics are gendered in that they rely on the association of femininity with irrationality. Gaslighting offers an opportunity for sociologists to theorize under-recognized, -
Power and Control Wheel NO SHADING
POOWERWER AANDND COONTROLNTROL WHHEELEEL hysical and sexual assaults, or threats to commit them, are the most apparent forms of domestic violence and are usually Pthe actions that allow others to become aware of the problem. However, regular use of other abusive behaviors by the batterer, when reinforced by one or more acts of physical violence, make up a larger system of abuse. Although physical as- saults may occur only once or occasionally, they instill threat of future violent attacks and allow the abuser to take control of the woman’s life and circumstances. he Power & Control diagram is a particularly helpful tool in understanding the overall pattern of abusive and violent be- Thaviors, which are used by a batterer to establish and maintain control over his partner. Very often, one or more violent incidents are accompanied by an array of these other types of abuse. They are less easily identified, yet firmly establish a pat- tern of intimidation and control in the relationship. VIOLENCE l a se sic x y COERCION u AND THREATS: INTIMIDATION: a h Making her afraid by p Making and/or carry- l ing out threats to do using looks, actions, something to hurt her. and gestures. Smashing Threatening to leave her, things. Destroying her commit suicide, or report property. Abusing pets. her to welfare. Making Displaying weapons. her drop charges. Making her do illegal things. MALE PRIVILEGE: EMOTIONAL ABUSE: Treating her like a servant: making Putting her down. Making her all the big decisions, acting like the feel bad about herself. “master of the castle,” being the Calling her names. -
On Not Blaming and Victim Blaming
teorema Vol. XXXIX/3, 2020, pp. 95-128 ISSN: 0210-1602 [BIBLID 0210-1602 (2020) 39:3; pp. 95-128] On Not Blaming and Victim Blaming Joel Chow Ken Q and Robert H. Wallace RESUMEN En este artículo se muestra que ser culpable por acusar a una víctima es estructu- ralmente similar a ser culpable por no acusar. Ambos fenómenos se ajustan a los perfiles tradicionales de la responsabilidad moral: la condición de conocimiento y la condición de control. Pero lo interesante es que en ellos conocimiento y control son condiciones in- terdependientes. Al tener una relación con otra persona se dispone de distintos grados de conocimiento sobre ella. A su vez, este conocimiento proporciona distintos grados de in- fluencia mutua a los sujetos de la relación. Ejemplos en los que alguien es especialmente culpable por no acusar a un amigo, a un colega cercano o a un cónyuge así lo atestiguan. La interdependencia de estas dos condiciones en las relaciones interpersonales aclara (parcialmente) por qué es moralmente malo acusar a una víctima. Se argumenta que los que acusan a las víctimas padecen una forma de miopía moral al fijarse únicamente en lo que la víctima podría hacer, por el hecho de tener algún tipo de relación con el causante del abuso, para evitar este. De manera particular, se atiende a los casos en los que la mio- pía moral se alimenta de relatos y esquemas de género jerárquicos y misóginos. PALABRAS CLAVE: responsabilidad moral, ética de la acusación, acusación a las víctimas, normas, misoginia. ABSTRACT In this paper we show that being blameworthy for not blaming and being blame- worthy for victim blaming are structurally similar. -
Introduction to Mobbing in the Workplace and an Overview of Adult Bullying
1: Introduction to Mobbing in the Workplace and an Overview of Adult Bullying Workplace Bullying Clinical and Organizational Perspectives In the early 1980s, German industrial psychologist Heinz Leymann began work in Sweden, conducting studies of workers who had experienced violence on the job. Leymann’s research originally consisted of longitudinal studies of subway drivers who had accidentally run over people with their trains and of banking employees who had been robbed on the job. In the course of his research, Leymann discovered a surprising syndrome in a group that had the most severe symptoms of acute stress disorder (ASD), workers whose colleagues had ganged up on them in the workplace (Gravois, 2006). Investigating this further, Leymann studied workers in one of the major Swedish iron and steel plants. From this early work, Leymann used the term “mobbing” to refer to emotional abuse at work by one or more others. Earlier theorists such as Austrian ethnologist Konrad Lorenz and Swedish physician Peter-Paul Heinemann used the term before Leymann, but Leymann received the most recognition for it. Lorenz used “mobbing” to describe animal group behavior, such as attacks by a group of smaller animals on a single larger animal (Lorenz, 1991, in Zapf & Leymann, 1996). Heinemann borrowed this term and used it to describe the destructive behavior of children, often in a group, against a single child. This text uses the terms “mobbing” and “bullying” interchangeably; however, mobbing more often refers to bullying by more than one person and can be more subtle. Bullying more often focuses on the actions of a single person. -
Guidance on Voter Intimidation
BRIAN E. FROSH ELIZABETH F. HARRIS Attorney General Chief Deputy Attorney General CAROLYN QUATTROCKI Deputy Attorney General STATE OF MARYLAND OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL FACSIMILE NO. WRITER’S DIRECT DIAL NO. GUIDANCE ON VOTER INTIMIDATION This guidance seeks to inform Maryland voters about activities that are permitted versus prohibited at or near polling places, so that they know the difference and can safely exercise their right to vote. Whether certain conduct constitutes voter intimidation will depend on the specific facts in each case, but if you believe that you have witnessed or experienced voter intimidation, or that such conduct is imminent, please call the Office of the Attorney General at 443-961-2830 or toll free at 833-282-0960, or by email at [email protected]. For all other election-related concerns, contact the State Board of Elections by phone at 410-269-2840 or by email addressed to [email protected], or reach out to your local board or elections directly. A list of contact information for each local board of elections is available at https://www.elections.maryland.gov/about/county_boards.html. Finally, if there is violence or a threat of violence at a polling place, call 911 immediately. 1. What is voter intimidation? Voter intimidation is a crime under both Maryland and federal law. Under Maryland law, a person may not willfully and knowingly influence or attempt to influence a voter’s voting decision, or a voter’s decision whether to go to the polls to cast a vote, through the use of force, threat, menace, intimidation, bribery, reward, or offer of reward.