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Home , Tissue (biology)

Introduction to . Lecture 19

Alexey Shipunov

Minot State University

October 18, 2017

Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 19 October 18, 2017 1 / 20 Outline

1 Questions and answers Quiz

2 Tissues Origin of tissues Tissues basics First tissues: and

Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 19 October 18, 2017 2 / 20 Outline

1 Questions and answers Quiz

2 Tissues Origin of tissues Tissues basics First tissues: parenchyma and epidermis

Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 19 October 18, 2017 2 / 20 Questions and answers Quiz

Questions and answers Quiz

Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 19 October 18, 2017 3 / 20 (Shortest definition). type. (However, complex tissues (below) are different.)

Questions and answers Quiz Final question (2 points)

What is a tissue?

Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 19 October 18, 2017 4 / 20 Questions and answers Quiz Final question (2 points)

What is a tissue?

(Shortest definition). Cell type. (However, complex tissues (below) are different.)

Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 19 October 18, 2017 4 / 20 Tissues Origin of tissues

Tissues Origin of tissues

Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 19 October 18, 2017 5 / 20 Why did go to the land? Which problems did they meet and how did they resolve them? What was the way of acquiring tissues comparing with ?

Tissues Origin of tissues

Origin of tissues and organs of plants: first steps

Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 19 October 18, 2017 6 / 20 Tissues Origin of tissues

Origin of tissues and organs of plants: first steps

Why did plants go to the land? Which problems did they meet and how did they resolve them? What was the plant way of acquiring tissues comparing with animals?

Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 19 October 18, 2017 6 / 20 Tissues Tissues basics

Tissues Tissues basics

Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 19 October 18, 2017 7 / 20 Tissues Tissues basics Definition of tissues and organs

Tissue is a union of cells which have common origin, , and similar morphology is a union of different tissues which have common function(s) and origin

Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 19 October 18, 2017 8 / 20 Tissues Tissues basics Simple and complex tissues

Simple tissues have only one kind of cells Complex tissues have more than one cell type. This tissue type is unique for plants

Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 19 October 18, 2017 9 / 20 Tissues First tissues: parenchyma and epidermis

Tissues First tissues: parenchyma and epidermis

Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 19 October 18, 2017 10 / 20 Tissues First tissues: parenchyma and epidermis Parenchyma (ground, main tissue)

Spherical or elongated cells Thin primary Sometimes, crystal Main functions: and storage

Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 19 October 18, 2017 11 / 20 Tissues First tissues: parenchyma and epidermis Parenchyma cells of a potato

Parenchyma cells of a potato; the central cell shows obvious nucleus with stained purple (LM ×83)

Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 19 October 18, 2017 12 / 20 Tissues First tissues: parenchyma and epidermis Parenchyma with crystals

Parenchyma cells often include crystals (e.g., of calcium oxalate)

Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 19 October 18, 2017 13 / 20 Tissues First tissues: parenchyma and epidermis Photosynthetic parenchyma

Photosynthetic parenchyma (mesophyll) in lilac (Syringa vulgaris)

Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 19 October 18, 2017 14 / 20 Tissues First tissues: parenchyma and epidermis Epidermis: the complex tissue

Complex tissue of different cell types: A Epidermal cells B Stomata cells: Guard cells Subsidiary cells C Trichomes Shapes and chemical compounds vary Main functions: , transripration, defense

Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 19 October 18, 2017 15 / 20 Tissues First tissues: parenchyma and epidermis Epidermal cells

Three kinds of Shepard’s purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris) epidermal cells

Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 19 October 18, 2017 16 / 20 Tissues First tissues: parenchyma and epidermis Stomata

Stomata with guard cells and pores (Iris sp.)

Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 19 October 18, 2017 17 / 20 Tissues First tissues: parenchyma and epidermis Summary

The of plant body, its organs and tissues is a result of land colonization Complex tissues have different cell types, secondary tissues originate from lateral (i.e., cambium) Parenchyma, or , is a main component of young plant organs Epidermis is a complex tissue which includes stomata

Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 19 October 18, 2017 18 / 20 What is the complex tissue?

Tissues First tissues: parenchyma and epidermis Final question (2 points)

Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 19 October 18, 2017 19 / 20 Tissues First tissues: parenchyma and epidermis Final question (2 points)

What is the complex tissue?

Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 19 October 18, 2017 19 / 20 Tissues First tissues: parenchyma and epidermis For Further Reading

A. Shipunov. Introduction to Botany [Electronic ]. Mode of access: http://ashipunov.info/shipunov/school/biol_154

Shipunov (MSU) Introduction to Botany. Lecture 19 October 18, 2017 20 / 20