10Mp Crop Development Programme Mechanics
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Agriculture Diversification Programme 10MP Mechanics 10 MALAYSIA PLAN (10MP) CROP DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME MECHANICS Name of Programme: Agricultural Diversification Programme (ADP) Section 1 – Background 1 Current Status 1.1 Vegetables Vegetables are parts of herbaceous plants which form important component of our daily diet that contributes to our well being. These vegetables supply rich in protein, fibres, minerals like iron and calcium to our body. They also give us phytonutrients like carotenoids, vitamins and folic acid. Consumption of fresh vegetables can help to prevent numerous diseases such as heart disease and stroke, high blood pressure, cancer, cataract and vision loss. Currently Sarawak is a net importer of vegetables as our local production does not meet our State‟s requirement. Sarawak is producing about 20,663.8 metric ton of leafy vegetables and 22,626.2 metric ton of fruits vegetables annually (Agriculture Statistics of Sarawak 2009), as against our state‟s requirement of about 80,000 metric ton. This means that we are only about 50 percent self- sufficient. By the year 2015, it is expected that the state will achieve 60 percent self-sufficiency level in fresh vegetables. In Sarawak, over 40 types of vegetables are planted, comprising leafy vegetables, fruit vegetables and root vegetables. The main vegetable growing areas are in the Districts of Kuching, Siburan, Asajaya, Serian, Sarikei, Sibu, Miri, Bintulu and Limbang. An estimated 962 ha are planted yearly with vegetables. Sarawak also possesses a range of unique indigenous vegetables, such as „Terung Mas‟ and miding that can be marketed as niche products locally and overseas. The common practices of vegetables growing in the state are characterized by scattered smallholders using traditional farming methods which result in low production, unstable supply and doubtful quality and safety. Most vegetable farms are small, usually less than 0.5 ha in size, except for few entrepreneur farmers in the periurban areas who planted between 2 and 10 ha of vegetables under net house. In 2009, the State importation of vegetables was valued at RM164,159,791 while its export value was only RM 2,003,258. The main imports are onion, shallot, fresh & chilled vegetables, dried chili, mushroom, carrot and potato. 1 Agriculture Diversification Programme 10MP Mechanics 1.2 Field Crops An estimated 2,500 ha are planted yearly with field crops, mostly under maize (including sweet corn, baby corn, and grain corn) and tapioca. Other field crops include taro, sweet potato, tapioca, ground nut and sugar cane. Maize planting is mainly for sweet corn and baby corn. Field crops are generally planted as an off-season crop in wet paddy areas or as an intercrop in hill paddy farms. Production is smallholder-based and targeted at the local fresh markets. Tapioca sweet type and taro are for food processing. The single major import of field crops is potato which in 2009 amounted to 7,807 metric ton with a value of RM22,138,709. This is followed by groundnut and its products (RM6,631,339), and sweet corn (RM2,409,922). 1.3 Perennial Crops Perennial crops consist of coffee, sugarcane, roselle, etc. The estimated area planted under coffee and sugar cane in 2009 was 216 hectares and 269 hectares respectively. The estimated production of coffee and sugar cane in 2009 was 38 and 3,982 metric tons. The main coffee growing areas are Simunjan (76.5 ha) and Marudi (67.4 ha) districts, Kuching district is the main growing area for sugar cane (138.9 ha). There was no record on the area planted with roselle. The import of coffee beans and products in the year 2009 was 4,175.12 metric tons (RM50,907,200) while the export figure was 6.08 metric tons (RM85,322). 1.4 Herbs and Spices Herbs are all the useful plants that can be used or manipulated for health care, culinary, flavoring, fragrances and cosmetic purposes. There is a keen interest world-wide in herbal products. Currently kacangma has been marketed as a herbal drink. In 2009, the estimated area grown under ginger was 304 hectares and the production in metric tons was 2,570. The area for clove was 9 hectares and the production was 7 metric tons. Other herbs and spices include serai, kacangma, bunga kantan, misai kucing etc. 2 Agriculture Diversification Programme 10MP Mechanics The import of spices in 2009 was 4,298.67 metric tons valued at RM20,956,708, and export figure was 19.01 metric tons (RM74,269). 2. Policy Objectives 2.1 Development goals of DOA (i) To increase and sustain the contribution of the food production sector towards the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the state of Sarawak. (ii) To develop the food production industry into one that can generate good incomes for the primary producers, processors and businesses that are involved in the industry. (iii) To promote food safety and sustainable development principles in the pursuit of economic growth for the food production and agriculture sector. 2.2 The objectives of the Agricultural Diversification Programmes under 10MP are specified by the respective programme components. 2.2.1 Vegetables Planting Project (i) To promote the commercial production of high quality and pesticide-safe vegetables to meet demand from both the domestic and export markets and to reduce the import of vegetables. (ii) To promote and implement the Enclosed (Controlled Environment) production system for growing selected high value vegetables for import substitution. (iii) To produce selected quality indigenous vegetables which have the potential for export-market (iv) To encourage more farms to practice GAP and be certified under SALM and SOM. (v) To support the production of quality and pesticide safe vegetables for home consumption in the rural areas (vi) To promote the development for downstream processing such as terung mas. 2.2.2 Field Crop Planting Project (i) To promote the commercial production of field crops to meet the demand by the local market 3 Agriculture Diversification Programme 10MP Mechanics (ii) To promote the commercial production of field crops that has the potential for value-added processing for the export market or the local livestock feed industry. (iii) To encourage the involvement of the private sector in field crop production, processing and marketing. (iv) To support the production of field crops for home consumption by smallholders in the rural areas. 2.2.3 Perennial Planting Project (PPP) The main objective of PPP is to encourage commercial planting of perennial food crops such as coffee, sugar cane, roselle etc as a source of cash income for the small holder farmers. 2.2.4 Herbs and Spices Planting Project To promote the planting of herbs and spices used in the production of traditional remedies and health supplements. It is encouraged as short term cash crop intercropping in orchards, rubber and coconut holdings as well as pure stand cropping. This will ensure adequate supply of raw materials for the herb industry. 2.2.5 Support Services Programme The purpose is to strengthen the essential services and activities that support the programme (projects) implementation. 3 Broad/Strategic Objectives of DOA in 10MP (i) To support the food production industry in increasing local food production and reducing the food trade deficit (ii) To develop agriculture entrepreneurs within the smallholder sector as a means of commercializing smallholder agriculture (iii) To increase rural farm incomes to a level at least above the poverty line (iv) To support the sustained growth of the agriculture sector for increased economic growth (v) To facilitate the participation of private sector in agriculture production (vi) To develop skilled and knowledgeable human resource within the agriculture sector (vii) To promote the conservation and sustainable use of natural resources for agriculture production, and 4 Agriculture Diversification Programme 10MP Mechanics (viii) To promote the adoption of quality assurance systems in agriculture production Section II – Programme Components 1. Purpose Purpose of ADP Programme are as follow: (i) To diversify the economic base of the farm families and to maximize income from agriculture through efficient utilization of resources. (ii) To assist small holder farmers in establishing their farming enterprise (iii) To reduce the food trade deficit (iv) To develop agriculture entrepreneurs within the small holder sector as a mean of commercializing small holder agriculture (v) To promote recommended and appropriate technologies in food production 2. Programme Components 2.1 Programme Components In 10MP the ADP is classified into nine components, vis-a-vis Nethouse Production System, Organic Vegetables (SOM), Open System (VCS/SALM participants), Open System (non-VCS/SALM participants), Open System (Indigenous vegetables), Field Crops Planting Projects, Perennials Planting Projects, Herbs and Spices Planting Projects and Support Services. The detailed classifications are as follow: 2.1.1 Nethouse Production System (i) This system entails vegetable growing under nethouse structures (ii) The scheme participant will gradually be accredited under the DOA VCS programme, which later might lead to SALM accreditation once the participant had been exposed and trained on GAP practices. (iii) Priority will be given to existing SALM / VCS participants (iv) Reduced usage of pesticides will result in the production of pesticides-safe vegetables. 2.1.2 Enclosed (Controlled Environment) System (i) Grown under rain shelter (plastic roofing) environment (ii) It is suitable for all weather production (iii) Vegetables produced are pesticides-safe (iv) Vegetables produced are of high quality 5 Agriculture Diversification Programme 10MP Mechanics (v) Able to produce selected high value vegetables for import substitution. 2.1.3 Organic Vegetables (SOM) (i) It is an environment-friendly production system (ii) Organic farm is certified under SOM (iii) Vegetables produced are free from chemical (pesticides, inorganic fertiliser) usage (iv) Vegetables produced are especially aimed at niche market and health conscious consumers.