Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta
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La Lutte Pour L'azawad: MNLA Public Relations Responses to Conflict In
LA LUTTE POUR L’AZAWAD: MNLA PUBLIC RELATIONS RESPONSES TO CONFLICT IN NORTHERN MALI, 2011-2014 SEAN NEIL CURTIS Intelligence and National Security Studies Program APPROVED: Damien Van Puyvelde, Ph.D., Chair Larry Valero, Ph.D. Jean-Philippe Peltier, Ph.D. Charles Ambler, Ph.D. Dean of the Graduate School Copyright © by Sean Neil Curtis 2015 LA LUTTE POUR L’AZAWAD: MNLA PUBLIC RELATIONS RESPONSES TO CONFLICT IN NORTHERN MALI, 2011-2014 By SEAN NEIL CURTIS THESIS Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at El Paso in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Intelligence and National Security Studies Program THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT EL PASO May 2015 Acknowledgements Thank you to my thesis committee, the faculty and staff of the University of Texas at El Paso’s National Security Studies Institute, my parents, my friends, Steven Seagal, and Jean- Claude Van Damme for all of their help and support during my graduate education. Thank you to Dr. Gerard Prunier and his work which was my introduction to the world of African studies. iv Abstract This thesis examines the Internet public relations content of Mali’s Tuareg rebel group, the Mouvement National de la Liberation de l’Azawad (MNLA). Content analysis grounded in speech act securitization theory is applied to the 259 posts on the MNLA’s primary French language website in order to determine if MNLA website posts correlate with the events occurring in the northern Mali conflict. The data reveals that various characteristics of MNLA statements do correlate with events in the conflict. -
Ibrahim Boubacar Keita
Ibrahim Boubacar Keita Malí, Presidente de la República Duración del mandato: 04 de Septiembre de 2013 - En funciones Nacimiento: Koutiala, región de Sikasso, 29 de Enero de 1945 Partido político: RPM Profesión : Politólogo y consultor ResumenLas elecciones celebradas en Malí en julio y agosto de 2013, tras año y medio de gravísima crisis nacional, sentaron en la Presidencia de la República a Ibrahim Boubacar Keita, veterano dirigente político que ya había intentado ganar el mandato en las votaciones de 2002 y 2007. El respetado Keita, un experto en cuestiones del desarrollo y con buenas conexiones en el exterior, se distinguió en la oposición a la dictadura de Moussa Traoré (1968-1991) y luego fue uno de los pilares de la democracia malí, a la que sirvió como cofundador del partido ADEMA, primer ministro (1994-2000) con el presidente Alpha Oumar Konaré y jefe de la Asamblea Nacional (2002-2007) con Amadou Toumani Touré. Desde 2001 lidera una formación, el RPM, orientada al centro-izquierda.A los ojos de la comunidad internacional y de la gran mayoría de sus paisanos, Keita, llamado habitualmente IBK, con su reputación de hombre firme y a la vez pragmático, es la única figura capaz de asegurar la integridad de este empobrecido Estado del área sahelo-sahariana, que en enero de 2012 vio saltar por los aires dos décadas de estabilidad considerada modélica.La revuelta tuareg -la cuarta o quinta desde la independencia en 1960- en las vastas regiones desérticas del norte, el inicuo golpe del capitán Sanogo, que derrocó al presidente Touré, la proclamación por los rebeldes separatistas del Estado Independiente de Azawad y el auge espectacular de la subversión jihadista al socaire de todo lo anterior dibujaron un aciago escenario de guerra civil, usurpación castrense y partición territorial de facto que la intervención internacional por etapas, civil y militar, de los gobiernos de la región, de Francia y de la ONU pudo revertir en buena medida, aunque no del todo. -
Are We Asking for Too Much from Mali?
Are we asking for too much from Mali? By Christos N Kyrou, Ph.D. As the French and Chadian troops are withdrawing from Mali, from the surface, one can be optimistic. The French troops within a few months only, through Operation Serval, together with Malian, Chadian and other nations’ troops, saved the south from Islamic extremists. Repelled them to the north, destroyed their hideouts there, and killed and captured them in great numbers. Now France and Chad claim their job is done and are withdrawing, leaving behind 1,000 French soldiers together with 6,300 UN sanctioned African Peacekeepers from Nigeria, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Niger, Togo, Benin, Ghana, and Guinea. In the meantime the European Union has begun training 2,000 more Malian troops for patrolling duty. The operation is supported and sponsored by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the European Union (EU) and other entities and it appears that logistically they are on top of the situation. In fact general elections are scheduled for as early as this coming July… What could possibly go wrong? First: Mali is a nation in fear, brought down to ruins. The United Nations (UN) Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said that, at minimum, another 11,200 troops might be needed to stabilize Mali. In the United States the assistant secretary of defense for special operations Michael Sheehan told the Senate Armed Services subcommittee that the ECOWAS force “isn't capable at all.[1]” But it doesn't take an expert. The people of Mali, especially in the north, are growingly nervous, if not desperate, as the French and Chadians withdraw.[2] Mali is left in ruins with the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHRC) projecting for December 2013 up to 540,000 refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) only 230,000 of whom can hope for assistance by UNHCR. -
Annuaire Statistique Du Mali 2014
REPUBLIQUE DU MALI Un Peuple – Un But – Une Foi ---------------- Ministère de l’Aménagement du Territoire et de la Population ---------------- ------- Institut National de la Statistique -------A Institut NationalN deN la Statistique U A I R E S ANNUAIRE STATISTIQUE DU MALI 2014 S T A T I S T Edition de Décembre 2015 I Q U E ANNUAIRE STATISTIQUE DU MALI 2014 SOMMAIRE LISTE DES TABLEAUX………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..3 LISTE DES SIGLES ET DEFINITION……………………………………………………..……………………….………………..……………………….…………7 APERÇU GÉOGRAPHIQUE………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….8 APERÇU HISTORIQUE ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 10 I. DÉMOGRAPHIE…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………18 II. SANTÉ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 36 III. ENSEIGNEMENT………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………52 IV. MAIN D’ŒUVRE………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………60 V. RESSOURCES ÉCONOMIQUES…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………65 VI. ÉCHANGES ET MOYENS DE COMMUNICATION ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….79 VII. COMPTES NATIONAUX ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….93 VIII. FINANCES PUBLIQUES ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….97 IX PRIX ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 103 Liste des tableaux Tableau 1.1 : Population suivant le sexeet le nombre de Ménages…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………19 -
EU State Building Contracts Early Lessons from the EU’S New Budget Support Instrument for Fragile States
February 2015 Report EU State Building Contracts Early lessons from the EU’s new budget support instrument for fragile states Myra Bernardi, Tom Hart and Gideon Rabinowitz • Early experiences in Mali and South Sudan reveal that the EU’s State Building Key Contracts (SBCs) have proved to be flexible instruments for rapid support to fragile states. There are, however, a number of areas for improvement. messages • There exists a design tension in the SBCs between supporting short-term stabilisation or crisis management, and longer-term state-building objectives. This can be resolved by clarifying objectives, and tailoring the instrument to the objectives. • Volatility is a key characteristic of fragile states, requiring closer and more frequent risk monitoring. Risk management can be improved by ensuring risks are monitored more holistically and regularly, and by adopting a wider definition of political risk. • The political economy of fragile states – especially fragmented authority within government – can hinder effective political dialogue around budget support. There needs to be sufficient broad buy-in by the partner country, or alternatively, verification that any triggers or indicators are within the control of the main dialogue partner. • Accompanying SBCs with technical assistance (or complementary support) is a positive step. Nevertheless, a more strategic and flexible approach, which links technical assistance to objectives and which is responsive to changing government requirements, could increase the impact of SBCs. Shaping policy for development developmentprogress.orgodi.org Acknowledgments We thank officials from the Governments of Mali and South Sudan; bilateral and multilateral agency representatives involved in Mali and South Sudan; and EU officials in Bamako, Brussels and Juba for giving their time for interviews during this study. -
IMRAP, Interpeace. Self-Portrait of Mali on the Obstacles to Peace. March 2015
SELF-PORTRAIT OF MALI Malian Institute of Action Research for Peace Tel : +223 20 22 18 48 [email protected] www.imrap-mali.org SELF-PORTRAIT OF MALI on the Obstacles to Peace Regional Office for West Africa Tel : +225 22 42 33 41 [email protected] www.interpeace.org on the Obstacles to Peace United Nations In partnership with United Nations Thanks to the financial support of: ISBN 978 9966 1666 7 8 March 2015 As well as the institutional support of: March 2015 9 789966 166678 Self-Portrait of Mali on the Obstacles to Peace IMRAP 2 A Self-Portrait of Mali on the Obstacles to Peace Institute of Action Research for Peace (IMRAP) Badalabougou Est Av. de l’OUA, rue 27, porte 357 Tel : +223 20 22 18 48 Email : [email protected] Website : www.imrap-mali.org The contents of this report do not reflect the official opinion of the donors. The responsibility and the respective points of view lie exclusively with the persons consulted and the authors. Cover photo : A young adult expressing his point of view during a heterogeneous focus group in Gao town in June 2014. Back cover : From top to bottom: (i) Focus group in the Ségou region, in January 2014, (ii) Focus group of women at the Mberra refugee camp in Mauritania in September 2014, (iii) Individual interview in Sikasso region in March 2014. ISBN: 9 789 9661 6667 8 Copyright: © IMRAP and Interpeace 2015. All rights reserved. Published in March 2015 This document is a translation of the report L’Autoportrait du Mali sur les obstacles à la paix, originally written in French. -
Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development
A/CONF.199/20* United Nations Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August- 4 September 2002 A/CONF.199/20* Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August- 4 September 2002 United Nations • New York, 2002 * Reissued for technical reasons. A/CONF.199/20* Note Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers. A/CONF.199/20* United Nations publication Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 ISBN 92-1-104521-5 Contents Chapter Page I. Resolutions adopted by the Summit................................................ 1 1. Political Declaration.................................................... 1 2. Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development....... 6 3. Expression of thanks to the people and Government of South Africa ............ 73 4. Credentials of representatives to the World Summit on Sustainable Development.. 73 II. Attendance and organization of work .............................................. 74 A. Date and place of the Summit ................................................ 74 B. Attendance................................................................ 74 C. Opening of the Summit...................................................... 79 D. Election of the President and other officers of the Summit ......................... 79 E. Adoption of the rules of procedure ............................................ 80 F. Adoption of the agenda and other organizational matters .......................... 80 G. Accreditation of intergovernmental organizations ................................ 81 H. Organization of work, including the establishment of the Main Committee .......... -
World Bank Document
I International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes Public Disclosure Authorized Seventeenth Annual Report 1982/1983 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized ICSID Seventeenth Annual Report 1982/1983 Contents Page Letter of Transmittal 2 Introduction by the Secretary-General ...... ..... ................ ..... 3 Membership . 3 Sixteenth Annual Meeting of the Administrative Council . 3 Disputes Submitted to the Centre . 3 Promotional Activities . 5 Regulations and Rules . 5 ICSID as Designating Authority for non-ICSID Arbitration . 5 Finance 5 Annexes 1. List of Contracting States and Signatories of the Convention . 6 2. Members of the Administrative Council and Officials of the Centre . 8 3. List of the Members of the Panels of Conciliators and Arbitrators . 9 4. Provisions Relating to ICSID in International Agreements and National Investment Laws . 22 5. Resolutions of the Administrative Council ...... ............. ....... 24 6. Report and Financial Statements . 25 7. Publications of ICSID ....................... ........ ... .. 27 International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes September 1, 1983 Dear Mr. Chairman: Pursuant to Administrative and Financial Regulation 4(4), I hereby submit to the Administrative Council for its approval the Annual Report on the operation of the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes required by Article 6(1 )(g) of the Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States. This Seventeenth Annual Report covers the fiscal year July 1, 1982 to June 30, 1983. The report includes the audited financial statements of the Centre. presented pursuant to Administrative and Financial Regulation 18. Sincerely yours. H. Golsong Secretary-General Mr. A. W. Clausen Chairman Administrative Council International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes 2 Introduction by the Secretary-General country from the Latin American region to This is the third annual report I have the join ICSID. -
The Regional Impact of the Armed Conflict and French Intervention in Mali by David J
Report April 2013 The regional impact of the armed conflict and French intervention in Mali By David J. Francis Executive summary Despite the perceived threat to international peace and security presented by the crisis in Mali, the international community did not act to resolve it for nearly ten months, which allowed Islamists to militarily take control of the whole of northern Mali and impose sharia law. The French military intervention in Mali placed the country at the top of the international political agenda. But the conflict in Mali and the French intervention have wider implications not only for Mali and its neighbours, but also for Africa, the international community, and France’s national security and strategic interests at home and abroad. This report assesses the current crisis, the key actors and the nature of the complex conflict in Mali; the nature and scope of the military, political and diplomatic interventions in Mali by a range of actors; the regional implications of the conflict for the Sahel and West Africa; and the consequences of the French military intervention and its wider implications, including the debate about the risk of the “Afghanistanisation of Mali”. It concludes with policy-relevant recommendations for external countries and intergovernmental actors interested in supporting Mali beyond the immediate military- security stabilisation to long-term peacebuilding, state reconstruction and development. NOREF Report – April 2013 Mali: a complex conflict Mali fighting for a separate independent state. Secondly, Different from the simplistic international media’s portray- there is a political and constitutional crisis occasioned by al of the crisis, the conflict in Mali is a complex and the military overthrow of the democratically elected multidimensional mixture of long-term fundamental government by the army. -
Note De L'ifri
NNoottee ddee ll’’IIffrrii ______________________________________________________________________ France and the Fight against Terrorism in the Sahel The History of a Difficult Leadership Role __________________________________________________________________ Tobias Koepf June 2013 . Sub-Saharan Africa Program The Institut français des relations internationales (Ifri) is a research center and a forum for debate on major international political and economic issues. Headed by Thierry de Montbrial since its founding in 1979, Ifri is a non- governmental and a non-profit organization. As an independent think tank, Ifri sets its own research agenda, publishing its findings regularly for a global audience. Using an interdisciplinary approach, Ifri brings together political and economic decision-makers, researchers and internationally renowned experts to animate its debate and research activities. With offices in Paris and Brussels, Ifri stands out as one of the rare French think tanks to have positioned itself at the very heart of European debate. The opinions expressed in this text are the responsibility of the author alone. The Sub-Saharan Africa Program is supported by: ISBN: 978-2-36567-176-7 © All rights reserved, Ifri, 2013 Ifri Ifri-Bruxelles 27, rue de la Procession Rue Marie-Thérèse, 21 75740 Paris Cedex 15 – FRANCE 1000 – Bruxelles – BELGIQUE Tel: +33 (0)1 40 61 60 00 Tel: +32 (0)2 238 51 10 Fax: +33 (0)1 40 61 60 60 Fax: +32 (0)2 238 51 15 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Website: Ifri.org T. Koepf / France and the Fight Against Terrorism in the Sahel Contents INTRODUCTION ................................................................................... 3 THE RISE OF TERRORISM IN THE SAHEL ............................................... 5 French Policy in the Sahel from a Historical Perspective .................. -
Current Affairs Mega Capsule 2014
Current Affairs Mega Capsule 2014 New Updated Current Affairs Mega GK Capsule 2014 April 2014 to October 2014 This is a the latest updated mega current affairs GK capsule with more than 1000 objective questions, more than 1000 Points to Remember and more than 200 pages. This capsule covers period from April 2014 to October 2014. Subsequent add on will be added every week. You can download this free Current Affairs Capsule which is specially designed for upcoming IBPS Clerk, SBI Associates PO and SSC Exams. These questions are in sequential order and answer of some earlier questions may have changed. Objective Questions on Current Affairs April 2014 to October 2014 Question: Japan signed on April 1, 2014 a loan agreement with India to provide ______ for the development of water supply project in Agra? A) 350 cr B) 960 cr C) 700 cr D) 1000 cr Answer & Explanation: Japan signed on April 1, 2014 a loan agreement with India to provide “960 cr” for the development of water supply project in Agra. Question: The armies of Nepal and India held a joint military exercise named ______ at the Integrated Army Training Centre (IATC) at Saljhandi in Rupanddehi district of southern Nepal. A) Indra B) Combat C) Surya Kiran D) Yudh Abhyas A compilation of www.study-places.com Page 1 Current Affairs Mega Capsule 2014 Answer & Explanation: Nepal and India held a joint military exercise named Surya Kiran. Question: The third edition of the global Nuclear Security Summit (NSS) 2014 was held at? A) Brussels B) Hague C) Belgium D) New Delhi Answer & Explanation: Third edition of the global Nuclear Security Summit (NSS) 2014 was held at Hague. -
Final Cover Colored.Pptx
JULY 2013 Fall$ 08! THE$ROLE$OF$THE$U.S.,EU$PARTNERSHIP$IN$SUPPORTING$GOOD$GOVERNANCE$ 1! ! July$ !2013! Capacity$Building:! The$Role$of$the$U.S.,EU$Partnership$in$ Supporting$Good$Governance$ ! Editors! Chairs! Stephanie!Berganza! Zala!Ahmadzaa! Jacob!Bogart! Shama!Ams! Carl!D'Oleo:Lundgren! Malcolm!Temple! ! Sarah!Mohamed! ! ! ! Layout!Designer!! Advisors! Janet!Shin! Ambassador!James!I.!Gadsden! Dr.!Marina!Henke! !!!!!! $$$$$$ Public$Policy$& $ International$Affairs$Fellowship$ Junior$Summer$Institute$2013$ 2$ THE$ROLE$OF$THE$U.S.,EU$PARTNERSHIP$IN$SUPPORTING$GOOD$GOVERNANCE! ! THE$ROLE$OF$THE$U.S.,EU$PARTNERSHIP$IN$SUPPORTING$GOOD$GOVERNANCE$ 3! ! Table$of$Contents$......................................................................................$3$ About$the$Authors$.....................................................................................$5$ Executive$Summary$...................................................................................$7$ Detailed$Recommendations$......................................................................$9$ Mali! Glossary!!.......................................................................................!9! Executive!Summary!!...................................................................!10! Detailed!Recommendation!!........................................................!12! Afghanistan! Glossary!......................................................................................!20! Executive!Summary!....................................................................!21!