The Computer Museum Report

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Computer Museum Report THE COMPUTER MUSEUM REPORT VOLUME 13 SUMMER 1985 Board of Directors Corporate Members Core Members Contributing Members John William Poduska. Sr. Benefactor- $lO.aaa or more Harlan E. and Lois Anderson J.D. Addelston. Lawrence Adrian. Chairman Charles and Constance Bachman Kendall Allphin. Timothy Anderson. Apollo Computer Corporation American Telephone & Telegraph Co: C. Gordon Bell Isaac Auerbach. John Banning. John C. Apollo Computer. Inc: Erich and Renee Bloch Barstow. G.C. Beldon. Jr .. Alfred M. Gwen Bell. President Bank of America· Henry Burkhardt III Bertocchi. Dr. John H. Blankenship. The Computer Museum Bank of Boston R. Steve Cheheyl Philip D. Brooke. Fred and Nancy The Boston Globe· Robert C. and Eleanor W. Chinn Brooks. D.F. Brown. Gordon S. Brown. Erich Bloch ComputerLand· National Science Foundation Robert G. Claussen Lawrence G. Brown. Roger M. Buoy. Control Data Corporation· William Congleton Marshall D. Butler. James Burley. James David Donaldson Data General Corporation· Alex d'Arbeloff Burnett. Maria L. Carr. Charles and Ropes and Gray Digital Equipment Corporation· Arnaud de Vitry Virginia Casale. Donald Christiansen. Hewlett-Packard Sydney Fernbach David Donaldson Richard J. Clayton. James F. Cody. Honeywell Information Systems Douglas Drane Richard Corben. Howard E. Cox. Jr.. Computer Consultant International Data Group· Robert Everett Michael Cronin. Henry J. Crouse. David C. Lester Hogan International Business Machines. Inc. Kenneth G. Fisher N. Cutler. Gerald Davis and Francoise Fairchild Camera and Instrument The MITRE Corporation· Jay W. Forrester Szigetti. Nick De Wolf. Peter De Wolf. Corporation Systems Development· Gardner Hendrie Quentin De Wolf. James B. Deaderick. The Travelers Companies Winston R. Hindle. Jr. Lucien and Catherine Dimino. Mr. Sir Arthur Humphreys Wang Laboratories. Inc: Theodore G. and Ruth T. Johnson Ditargiani. Philip H. Darn. Theodora ICL John Allen Jones Drapos. Gregory L. Duckworth. Ray Theodore G. Johnson Patron-$3.aaa Mitchell Kapor Duncan. Joseph J. Eachus. Fred Mitchell Kapor Adage. Inc. Allan Kent Ebeling. Dr. Richard Eckhouse. Tom Addison-Wesley Jack S. Kilby Eggers. Dan L. Eisner. Bob O. Evans. Lotus Development Corporation Bitstream August Klein Robert A. Farmer. Andrew D. Feit. Read August Klein Boris Color Lab. Inc: Andrew C. Knowles. III T. Fleming. J. Thomas Franklin. Clark Masscomp Burroughs Corporation David J.A. Koogler Frazier. Alan E. Frisbie. Edward A. Commodore Business Machines. Inc. Edward and Debbie Kramer Feustal. Corrin Gale. Kevin A. Galvin. Dr. Koji Kobayashi Coopers & Lybrand John W. and Edna W. Lacey Branko J. Gerovac. David Goodman. NEC Corporation Datapoint Corporation Ralph and Linda Linsalata William Graustein. John Griffith. John Lacey DECUS· John Norris Maguire Dr. Roberto Guatelli. Jerrier A. Control Data Corporation Draper Laboratories· Richard D. Mallery Haddad. Michael P. Halter. William Gatson Snow & Ely Bartlett" Thomas Marill R. Hambrecht. J. Scott Hamilton. Robert Lucky General Computer Co. Daniel D. McCracken Sheryl Handler. Walter and Catherine AT&T Bell Laboratories GTE Data Services. Inc. James L. McKenney Hawkins. William Helm. Jr .. Robert and Patrick McGovern The Honeywell Foundation Thomas and Elizabeth McWilliams Carol Henderson. Robert B. Hoffman. CW Communications Inc. IEEE Computer SoCiety Carver Mead Thomas L. Hohmann. Nancy S. Horie. Index Systems· Robert M. Metcalfe M. Ernest Huber. Bill Hunzeker. James L. McKenney INTERLAN. Inc. Robert M. Morrill Cuthbert C. Hurd. Michael Jerabek. Harvard Business School Intel Corporation David and Pat Nelson Charles A. Jortberg. Richard M. Karoff. Carver Mead Arthur D. Little. Inc. Robert Noyce Bryan S. Kocher. Alan Kotok. Stanley Major Computer. Inc. Kenneth Olsen Kugell. Theodore Kuklinski. Raymond California Institute of Technology MASSCOMP Stanley C . Olsen Kurzweil. Robert Laman. Andrew William Millard McGraw-Hill. Inc. John L. Payne Lavien. Glen G. Langdon. Jr .. John R. Computerla nd Corporation Regis McKenna. Inc: Edward G . Perkins Levine. Michael Levitt. John V. Levy. Microsource Financial John William Poduska Steven B. Lipner. John Lowry. Carl Arthur P. Molella Mostek Robert M. Price Machover. Andrew H. Mason. Joe w. The National Museum of National Semiconductor Corporation Fontaine K. Richardson Matthews. Robert Mayer. Jr.. Richard American History. NEC Corporation Douglas Ross McCluskey. Tron McConnell. F. Warren Smithsonian Institution Nolan. Norton & Company. Inc: Jean E. Sammet McFarlan. Jim McIntosh. Robert W. Brian Randell Prime Computer Corporation Paul and Catherine Severino McKnight. Todd Medlock. R.w. Meister. The Prudential Insurance Company Alan F. Shugart Allen Moulton. Dr. J. Craig Mudge. University of Newcastle upon Tyne SHARE. Inc. Richard L. Sites Carol E. Muratore. Dr. and Mrs. Isaac Jonathan Rotenberg Software Results Corporation· Ronald G. Smart R. Nassi. Cynthia L. Nelson. Stewart The Boston Computer Society Stratus Computer. Inc. Charles E. Sporck Nelson. Joseph Nestor. Joseph M. Symbolics. Inc. Ivan and Maria Sutherland Newcomer. Chuck Newman. Tim K. Jean E. Sammet Systems Concepts Del Thorndike and Steve Teicher Nguyen. Bernard J. Nordmann. Bill Internationa l Business Machines 3Com Corporation· Erwin Tomash Noyce. James N. O·Boyle. Jr .. Anthony Edward A. Schwartz Venture Founders Corporation Jean De Val pine G. Oettinger. John E. Parker. Kenneth Digital Equipment Corporation Charles P Waite D. Patterson. James and Martha Patton. Can tributor- $l. 000 Stephen L. Watson Nicholas and Nancy Pettinella. James An Wang Harvey W. Wiggins. Jr. H. Philip. Linda J. Phillips. Paul R. Wang Laboratories. Inc. Analog Devices. Inc. William Wolfson Pierce. Juan A. Pineda. James A. Pitts. American Management Systems· Andrew Plescia. J. Eric Pollack. James Maurice Wilkes Autographix N. Porter. C. Mike Riggle. Ann and Digital Equipment Corporation Bolt Beranek & Newman· Robert Roe·Hafer. David C . Roh. Peter Cullinet Software. Inc. R. Rony. Daniel Rose. David Rose. Trustees Dane. Falb. Stone & Co. Jonathan Rotenberg. Martin S. Roth. E.J. DuPont DeNemours & Co. Thomas S. Roy. II. Eugene Rudolphe. Charles Bachman. C. Gordon Bell. Ford Motor Company· Michael J. Samek. Peter R. Samson. Harvey D. Cragon. Robert Everett. General Systems Group. Inc: F. Grant Saviers. Edward A. Schwartz. Andrew Knowles. George Michael. Gould. Inc. Oliver and Kitty Selfridge. W. Lee Robert Noyce. Kenneth Olsen. Houghton Mifflin Company· Shevel. John J. Shields. III. Diane Kitty Selfridge. Michael Spock. Hyams Trust J. Skiba. Ph.D .. Allen G. Sneider. Stuart Erwin Tomash. Paul Tsongas International Computer Ltd: Solomon. John R. Spencer. John Stark. Investment Orange Nassau. Inc. Max J. Steinmann. William M. Steu!. J. Executive Committee Manufacturers Hanover Trust Michael Storie. Charles A. Stott. Meditech· Howard Sussman. David Tarabar. David Donaldson. Chairman. Gwen Mentor Graphics Warren G. Tisdale. Michael G. Bell. Theodore Johnson. August Klein. Micro Control Systems Tomasic. Sherry Turkle. G. Michael Nicholas Pettinella. Jonathan Microsoft" Uhler. Noah E. VanDenburgh. Christian Rotenberg. Ronald Smart. Oliver New York Air· Walker. Allan L. Wallack. Joseph B. Strimpel. Michael Templeton Pencept. Inc. Walters. Jr .. Thomas E. Welmers. John Standard Oil Corporation D. Wick. Hugh M. Wilkinson. III. Teradyne Andrew Wilson. Richard T. Witek. XRE Corporation Frederic and Robin Withington. n. ZBR Publications. Inc. Wojcik. Jr .. D.L. Wyse. Jeffrey N. Zack •Also contributed to the Capital Campaign The cover photographs are still frames from the following computer animated films (see article on page 4): 1. The adventures of Andre & Wally B.. Lucasfilm Ltd. 2. Snoot and Muttly. Susan Van Baerle and Douglas Kingsbury 3. Carla's Island. Nelson Max 4. Vol Libre. Loren Carpenter Contents The President·s LeHer The President's Letter Dr. Gwen Bell 4 Computer Animation in When I wrote the first letter in the first The Computer Museum Report in May 1982, I the Museum Oliver Strimpel was the President, Treasurer, and Executive Director of the Museum. The whole staff consisted of three other people plus some summer students, and there were about 8 The Story of the 100 members. After a year, the Board of Directors decided that I shouldn't create, COBOL Tombstone write, and sign the checks and Professor James McKenney became Treasurer. 10 Then this year, the Museum had its first assessment on the way to accreditation by Recollections of Memories the Association of American Museums. It became equally clear to me that the role from RCA in the Fifties of President and Executive Director of an ongoing public museum were indeed Jan Rajchman different. There was no way for me to do all that I have been doing as President­ 14 maintaining a close, ongoing relation with the computer industry- and also be a Honeywell Animals Find a New Habitat director of this major museum that is making a significant footprint in the Museum community. 16 Questions About the It is with great pleasure that I introduce Michael Templeton as the new Executive New Exhibits Director. Michael was actually the first museum professional to visit the museum! 17 In the fall of 1980, when he was the Executive Director of the Association of Science Fall 1985 Program Series and Technology Centers, ASTC, he scheduled a meeting at the Museum in Marlboro of their advisory board for the travelling exhibit. Chips and Changes. At the time, he encouraged me to push ahead and develop the Museum. My next visit with Michael was in Portland, Oregon,
Recommended publications
  • Mapping out the DBMS Territory
    DATA BASE Mapping out the DBMS territory by Dr. George Schussel, stant both in terms of new product environment and should include the COP announcements and users since following: 1975. Of companies already using a • A DBMS offering data indepen­ Data base and data management DBMS product, 85 percent of these dence products have changed dramatically are not CODASYL, so it seems clear that CODASYL DDL and DML • A data dictionary defining and in the last several years. New hard­ controlling the data environment ware and software technologies standards will not be adopted by the marketplace, at least in their cur­ • A query language allowing user have greatly changed the character personnel access to the data base and number of products available. rent form. Just as the oil crisis hit the auto Mainframe DBMS • A report-generating system al­ makers, the "productivity crisis" The market for full-function trans­ lowing simplified programming has hit the software suppliers mar­ action processing DBMS, with their generation of reports ket. required high-level technical data • A screen mapper allowing gener­ base administration gurus and large ation of data entry screens by a In the 1970s there were no more simple example process than two dozen widely marketed mainframes, is still active but ex­ DBMS product lines. Non-IBM DP tremely competitive. Successful • A user language that is high -level, easy to use and an alternative to shops, using equipment such as vendors of this type of product have procedural languages such as Univac, Honeywell or Burroughs, COBOL and PL/l. simply took the DBMS offered by the hardware vendor.
    [Show full text]
  • Edsger Dijkstra: the Man Who Carried Computer Science on His Shoulders
    INFERENCE / Vol. 5, No. 3 Edsger Dijkstra The Man Who Carried Computer Science on His Shoulders Krzysztof Apt s it turned out, the train I had taken from dsger dijkstra was born in Rotterdam in 1930. Nijmegen to Eindhoven arrived late. To make He described his father, at one time the president matters worse, I was then unable to find the right of the Dutch Chemical Society, as “an excellent Aoffice in the university building. When I eventually arrived Echemist,” and his mother as “a brilliant mathematician for my appointment, I was more than half an hour behind who had no job.”1 In 1948, Dijkstra achieved remarkable schedule. The professor completely ignored my profuse results when he completed secondary school at the famous apologies and proceeded to take a full hour for the meet- Erasmiaans Gymnasium in Rotterdam. His school diploma ing. It was the first time I met Edsger Wybe Dijkstra. shows that he earned the highest possible grade in no less At the time of our meeting in 1975, Dijkstra was 45 than six out of thirteen subjects. He then enrolled at the years old. The most prestigious award in computer sci- University of Leiden to study physics. ence, the ACM Turing Award, had been conferred on In September 1951, Dijkstra’s father suggested he attend him three years earlier. Almost twenty years his junior, I a three-week course on programming in Cambridge. It knew very little about the field—I had only learned what turned out to be an idea with far-reaching consequences. a flowchart was a couple of weeks earlier.
    [Show full text]
  • Simula Mother Tongue for a Generation of Nordic Programmers
    Simula! Mother Tongue! for a Generation of! Nordic Programmers! Yngve Sundblad HCI, CSC, KTH! ! KTH - CSC (School of Computer Science and Communication) Yngve Sundblad – Simula OctoberYngve 2010Sundblad! Inspired by Ole-Johan Dahl, 1931-2002, and Kristen Nygaard, 1926-2002" “From the cold waters of Norway comes Object-Oriented Programming” " (first line in Bertrand Meyer#s widely used text book Object Oriented Software Construction) ! ! KTH - CSC (School of Computer Science and Communication) Yngve Sundblad – Simula OctoberYngve 2010Sundblad! Simula concepts 1967" •# Class of similar Objects (in Simula declaration of CLASS with data and actions)! •# Objects created as Instances of a Class (in Simula NEW object of class)! •# Data attributes of a class (in Simula type declared as parameters or internal)! •# Method attributes are patterns of action (PROCEDURE)! •# Message passing, calls of methods (in Simula dot-notation)! •# Subclasses that inherit from superclasses! •# Polymorphism with several subclasses to a superclass! •# Co-routines (in Simula Detach – Resume)! •# Encapsulation of data supporting abstractions! ! KTH - CSC (School of Computer Science and Communication) Yngve Sundblad – Simula OctoberYngve 2010Sundblad! Simula example BEGIN! REF(taxi) t;" CLASS taxi(n); INTEGER n;! BEGIN ! INTEGER pax;" PROCEDURE book;" IF pax<n THEN pax:=pax+1;! pax:=n;" END of taxi;! t:-NEW taxi(5);" t.book; t.book;" print(t.pax)" END! Output: 7 ! ! KTH - CSC (School of Computer Science and Communication) Yngve Sundblad – Simula OctoberYngve 2010Sundblad!
    [Show full text]
  • Submission Data for 2020-2021 CORE Conference Ranking Process International Symposium on Formal Methods (Was Formal Methods Europe FME)
    Submission Data for 2020-2021 CORE conference Ranking process International Symposium on Formal Methods (was Formal Methods Europe FME) Ana Cavalcanti, Stefania Gnesi, Lars-Henrik Eriksson, Nico Plat, Einar Broch Johnsen, Maurice ter Beek Conference Details Conference Title: International Symposium on Formal Methods (was Formal Methods Europe FME) Acronym : FM Rank: A Data and Metrics Google Scholar Metrics sub-category url: https://scholar.google.com.au/citations?view_op=top_venues&hl=en&vq=eng_theoreticalcomputerscienceposition in sub-category: 20+Image of top 20: ACM Metrics Not Sponsored by ACM Aminer Rank 1 Aminer Rank: 28Name in Aminer: World Congress on Formal MethodsAcronym or Shorthand: FMh-5 Index: 17CCF: BTHU: âĂŞ Top Aminer Cites: http://portal.core.edu.au/core/media/conf_submissions_citations/extra_info1804_aminer_top_cite.png Other Rankings Not aware of any other Rankings Conferences in area: 1. Formal Methods Symposium (FM) 2. Software Engineering and Formal Methods (SEFM), Integrated Formal Methods (IFM) 3. Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering (FASE), NASA Formal Methods (NFM), Runtime Verification (RV) 4. Formal Aspects of Component Software (FACS), Automated Technology for Verification and Analysis (ATVA) 5. International Conference on Formal Engineering Methods (ICFEM), FormaliSE, Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design (FMCAD), Formal Methods for Industrial Critical Systems (FMICS) 6. Brazilian Symposium on Formal Methods (SBMF), Theoretical Aspects of Software Engineering (TASE) 7. International Symposium On Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation (ISoLA) Top People Publishing Here name: Frank de Boer justification: h-index: 42 ( https://www.cwi.nl/people/frank-de-boer) Frank S. de Boer is senior researcher at the CWI, where he leads the research group on Formal Methods, and Professor of Software Correctness at Leiden University, The Netherlands.
    [Show full text]
  • Objex, Inc. Product Overview April 2015
    WHERE COMMON SENSE MEETS UNCOMMON INGENUITY ObjEx, Inc. Product Overview April 2015 ObjEx INC PO Box 25608 Scottsdale, AZ 85255-5608 Tel: (480) 588-7776 http://www.obj-ex.com ObjEx, Inc. Product Overview Table of Contents Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS I OVERVIEW 1 PACKAGED SOFTWARE 1 SERVICES 2 OBJEX XMLQUERY 4 OBJEX XMLPUBLISHER 5 OBJEX PROGRAM CALL 6 ABOUT OBJEX 7 2015 ObjEx, Inc. Page i ObjEx, Inc. Product Overview Overview ObjEx was founded in 1996 by former Cullinet and CA executives and employees who have more than 65 years of IDMS experience and 20 years as IDMS Integrators. We provide software and services to our clients which include many large organizations. Packaged Software Our packaged software is conceived and developed as a result of our integration experiences related to Service Oriented Architecture, cloud computing calls to and from IDMS, trigger- based data publishing, and replication. ObjEx products are focused on Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and are designed to participate within the latest n-tier architectures. ObjEx has been used to: Extend existing IDMS systems with new modern application components either direct client/server or through SOA, all in one database. Allow existing IDMS applications to call out to internal and external web services. Provide modern applications the ability to use existing IDMS DC-Cobol and ADSO programs as web services. This allows the reuse of business rules without the hassles of screen scraping. Push IDMS data to non-mainframe applications without altering IDMS programs. The products are useful for ERP and warehouse integration, data replication to operational data stores, and data warehousing feeds.
    [Show full text]
  • The Standard Model for Programming Languages: the Birth of A
    The Standard Model for Programming Languages: The Birth of a Mathematical Theory of Computation Simone Martini Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy INRIA, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France http://www.cs.unibo.it/~martini [email protected] Abstract Despite the insight of some of the pioneers (Turing, von Neumann, Curry, Böhm), programming the early computers was a matter of fiddling with small architecture-dependent details. Only in the sixties some form of “mathematical program development” will be in the agenda of some of the most influential players of that time. A “Mathematical Theory of Computation” is the name chosen by John McCarthy for his approach, which uses a class of recursively computable functions as an (extensional) model of a class of programs. It is the beginning of that grand endeavour to present programming as a mathematical activity, and reasoning on programs as a form of mathematical logic. An important part of this process is the standard model of programming languages – the informal assumption that the meaning of programs should be understood on an abstract machine with unbounded resources, and with true arithmetic. We present some crucial moments of this story, concluding with the emergence, in the seventies, of the need of more “intensional” semantics, like the sequential algorithms on concrete data structures. The paper is a small step of a larger project – reflecting and tracing the interaction between mathematical logic and programming (languages), identifying some
    [Show full text]
  • Compsci 6 Programming Design and Analysis
    CompSci 6 Programming Design and Analysis Robert C. Duvall http://www.cs.duke.edu/courses/cps006/fall04 http://www.cs.duke.edu/~rcd CompSci 6 : Spring 2005 1.1 What is Computer Science? Computer science is no more about computers than astronomy is about telescopes. Edsger Dijkstra Computer science is not as old as physics; it lags by a couple of hundred years. However, this does not mean that there is significantly less on the computer scientist's plate than on the physicist's: younger it may be, but it has had a far more intense upbringing! Richard Feynman http://www.wordiq.com CompSci 6 : Spring 2005 1.2 Scientists and Engineers Scientists build to learn, engineers learn to build – Fred Brooks CompSci 6 : Spring 2005 1.3 Computer Science and Programming Computer Science is more than programming The discipline is called informatics in many countries Elements of both science and engineering Elements of mathematics, physics, cognitive science, music, art, and many other fields Computer Science is a young discipline Fiftieth anniversary in 1997, but closer to forty years of research and development First graduate program at CMU (then Carnegie Tech) in 1965 To some programming is an art, to others a science, to others an engineering discipline CompSci 6 : Spring 2005 1.4 What is Computer Science? What is it that distinguishes it from the separate subjects with which it is related? What is the linking thread which gathers these disparate branches into a single discipline? My answer to these questions is simple --- it is the art of programming a computer.
    [Show full text]
  • Principles of Computer Science I
    Computer Science and Programming Principles of Computer Science is more than programming – The discipline is called informatics in many countries Computer Science I – Elements of both science and engineering • Scientists build to learn, engineers learn to build – Fred Brooks – Elements of mathematics, physics, cognitive science, music, art, and many other fields Computer Science is a young discipline – Fiftieth anniversary in 1997, but closer to forty years of Prof. Nadeem Abdul Hamid research and development CSC 120A - Fall 2004 – First graduate program at CMU (then Carnegie Tech) in Lecture Unit 1 1965 To some programming is an art, to others a science CSC 120A - Berry College - Fall 2004 2 What is Computer Science? CSC 120 - Course Mechanics Syllabus on Viking Web (Handouts section) What is it that distinguishes it from the Class Meetings separate subjects with which it is related? – Lectures: Mon/Wed/Fri, 10–10:50AM, SCI 107 What is the linking thread which gathers these – Labs: Thu, 2:45–4:45 PM, SCI 228 disparate branches into a single discipline? Contact My answer to these questions is simple --- it is – Office phone: (706) 368-5632 – Home phone: (706) 234-7211 the art of programming a computer. It is the art – Email: [email protected] of designing efficient and elegant methods of Office Hours: SCI 354B getting a computer to solve problems, – Mon 11-12:30, 2:30-4 theoretical or practical, small or large, simple – Tue 9-11, 2:30-4 or complex. – Wed 11-12:30 – Thu 9-11 C.A.R. (Tony) Hoare – (or by appt) CSC 120A - Berry College - Fall 2004 3 CSC 120A - Berry College - Fall 2004 4 CSC 120 – Keys to Success CSC 120 – Materials & Resources Start early; work steadily; don’t fall behind.
    [Show full text]
  • Insight, Inspiration and Collaboration
    Chapter 1 Insight, inspiration and collaboration C. B. Jones, A. W. Roscoe Abstract Tony Hoare's many contributions to computing science are marked by insight that was grounded in practical programming. Many of his papers have had a profound impact on the evolution of our field; they have moreover provided a source of inspiration to several generations of researchers. We examine the development of his work through a review of the development of some of his most influential pieces of work such as Hoare logic, CSP and Unifying Theories. 1.1 Introduction To many who know Tony Hoare only through his publications, they must often look like polished gems that come from a mind that rarely makes false steps, nor even perhaps has to work at their creation. As so often, this impres- sion is a further compliment to someone who actually adds to very hard work and many discarded attempts the final polish that makes complex ideas rel- atively easy for the reader to comprehend. As indicated on page xi of [HJ89], his ideas typically go through many revisions. The two authors of the current paper each had the honour of Tony Hoare supervising their doctoral studies in Oxford. They know at first hand his kind and generous style and will count it as an achievement if this paper can convey something of the working style of someone big enough to eschew competition and point scoring. Indeed it will be apparent from the following sections how often, having started some new way of thinking or exciting ideas, he happily leaves their exploration and development to others.
    [Show full text]
  • 1. with Examples of Different Programming Languages Show How Programming Languages Are Organized Along the Given Rubrics: I
    AGBOOLA ABIOLA CSC302 17/SCI01/007 COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSIGNMENT ​ 1. With examples of different programming languages show how programming languages are organized along the given rubrics: i. Unstructured, structured, modular, object oriented, aspect oriented, activity oriented and event oriented programming requirement. ii. Based on domain requirements. iii. Based on requirements i and ii above. 2. Give brief preview of the evolution of programming languages in a chronological order. 3. Vividly distinguish between modular programming paradigm and object oriented programming paradigm. Answer 1i). UNSTRUCTURED LANGUAGE DEVELOPER DATE Assembly Language 1949 FORTRAN John Backus 1957 COBOL CODASYL, ANSI, ISO 1959 JOSS Cliff Shaw, RAND 1963 BASIC John G. Kemeny, Thomas E. Kurtz 1964 TELCOMP BBN 1965 MUMPS Neil Pappalardo 1966 FOCAL Richard Merrill, DEC 1968 STRUCTURED LANGUAGE DEVELOPER DATE ALGOL 58 Friedrich L. Bauer, and co. 1958 ALGOL 60 Backus, Bauer and co. 1960 ABC CWI 1980 Ada United States Department of Defence 1980 Accent R NIS 1980 Action! Optimized Systems Software 1983 Alef Phil Winterbottom 1992 DASL Sun Micro-systems Laboratories 1999-2003 MODULAR LANGUAGE DEVELOPER DATE ALGOL W Niklaus Wirth, Tony Hoare 1966 APL Larry Breed, Dick Lathwell and co. 1966 ALGOL 68 A. Van Wijngaarden and co. 1968 AMOS BASIC FranÇois Lionet anConstantin Stiropoulos 1990 Alice ML Saarland University 2000 Agda Ulf Norell;Catarina coquand(1.0) 2007 Arc Paul Graham, Robert Morris and co. 2008 Bosque Mark Marron 2019 OBJECT-ORIENTED LANGUAGE DEVELOPER DATE C* Thinking Machine 1987 Actor Charles Duff 1988 Aldor Thomas J. Watson Research Center 1990 Amiga E Wouter van Oortmerssen 1993 Action Script Macromedia 1998 BeanShell JCP 1999 AngelScript Andreas Jönsson 2003 Boo Rodrigo B.
    [Show full text]
  • The Birth of a Mathematical Theory of Computation
    The Standard Model for Programming Languages: The Birth of a Mathematical Theory of Computation Simone Martini Universit`adi Bologna and INRIA Sophia-Antipolis Bologna, 27 November 2020 Happy birthday, Maurizio! 1 / 58 This workshop: Recent Developments of the Design and Implementation of Programming Languages Well, not so recent: we go back exactly 60 years! It's more a revisionist's tale. 2 / 58 This workshop: Recent Developments of the Design and Implementation of Programming Languages Well, not so recent: we go back exactly 60 years! It's more a revisionist's tale. 3 / 58 viewpoints VDOI:10.1145/2542504 Thomas Haigh Historical Reflections HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF LOGIC, 2015 Actually, Turing Vol. 36, No. 3, 205–228, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01445340.2015.1082050 Did Not Invent Edgar G. Daylight the Computer Separating the origins of computer science and technology.Towards a Historical Notion of ‘Turing—the Father of Computer Science’ viewpoints HE 100TH ANNIVERSARY of the birth of Alan Turing was cel- EDGAR G. DAYLIGHT ebrated in 2012. The com- viewpointsputing community threw its Utrecht University, The Netherlands biggest ever birthday party. [email protected]:10.1145/2658985V TMajor events were organized around the world, including conferences or festi- vals in Princeton, Cambridge, Manches- Viewpoint Received 14 January 2015 Accepted 3 March 2015 ter, and Israel. There was a concert in Seattle and an opera in Finland. Dutch In the popular imagination, the relevance of Turing’s theoretical ideas to people producing actual machines was and French researchers built small Tur- Why Did Computer ing Machines out of Lego Mindstorms significant and appreciated by everybody involved in computing from the moment he published his 1936 paper kits.
    [Show full text]
  • The Soul of Computer Science
    The Soul of Computer Science Salvador Lucas DSIC, Universitat Polit`ecnicade Val`encia(UPV) Talk at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid 1 Salvador Lucas (UPV) UCM 2016 October 26, 2016 1 / 63 The Soul of Computer Science 80 years of Computer Science! 2 Salvador Lucas (UPV) UCM 2016 October 26, 2016 2 / 63 The Soul of Computer Science The soul of Computer Science is Logic Waves of Logic in the history of Computer Science (incomplete list): 0 Hilbert posses \the main problem of mathematical logic" (20's) 1 Church and Turing's logical devices as effective methods (1936) 2 Shannon's encoding of Boolean functions as circuits (1938) 3 von Neumann's logical design of an electronic computer (1946) 4 Floyd/Hoare's logical approach to program verification (1967-69) 5 Kowalski's predicate logic as programming language (1974) 6 Hoare's challenge of a verifying compiler (2003) 7 Berners-Lee's semantic web challenge (2006) Soul Distinguishing mark of living things (...) responsible for planning and practical thinking (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) We can say: Logic is the soul of Computer Science! 3 Salvador Lucas (UPV) UCM 2016 October 26, 2016 3 / 63 The Soul of Computer Science Hilbert and the Decision Problem David Hilbert (1862-1943) 4 Salvador Lucas (UPV) UCM 2016 October 26, 2016 4 / 63 There is no solution! In 1970, Yuri Matiyasevich proved it unsolvable, i.e., there is no such `process'. How could Matiyasevich reach such a conclusion? The Soul of Computer Science Hilbert and the Decision Problem In his \Mathematical Problems" address during the2 nd International Congress of Mathematicians (Paris, 1900), he proposed the following: 10th Hilbert's problem Given a diophantine equation with any number of unknown quantities and with rational integral numerical coefficients: To devise a process according to which it can be determined by a finite number of operations whether the equation is solvable in rational integers.
    [Show full text]