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Institutions of Private Life in the Postwar Anglophone Novel University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2016 States of Repair: Institutions of Private Life in the Postwar Anglophone Novel Kelly Mee Rich University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Recommended Citation Rich, Kelly Mee, "States of Repair: Institutions of Private Life in the Postwar Anglophone Novel" (2016). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 1969. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/1969 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/1969 For more information, please contact [email protected]. States of Repair: Institutions of Private Life in the Postwar Anglophone Novel Abstract This project proposes that one of the most enduring cultural legacies of the Second World War was the welfare state’s fantasy of rebuilding Britain. Beginning with the 1942 Beveridge Report’s promise to care for citizens “from the cradle to the grave,” the welfare state envisioned that managing individuals’ private lives would result in a more coherent and equitable community. Literature records this historic transition in order to narrate its transformative social potential, as well as its darker failures. Midcentury writers Elizabeth Bowen, George Orwell, and Muriel Spark used the militarized Home Front to present postwar Britain as a zone of lost privacy and new collective logics. As the century progressed, influential novelists such as Alan Hollinghurst, Michael Ondaatje, and Kazuo Ishiguro all looked backwards to 1945, registering an unfulfilled nostalgia for a Britain that never was, as well as the need to come to terms with welfare’s decaying remains. Their works index welfare’s limitations, situating Britain’s domestic policies within longer trajectories of colonial, racist, and homophobic violence. Taken together, the authors of my dissertation offer a new literary history of the Second World War, challenging not only the longstanding mythology of the “People’s War,” but also, more urgently, the fragile beginnings of a “People’s Peace.” In particular, these novels metonymize welfare through their engagement with the built environment, owing to postwar reconstruction’s radical revisions of the home, as well as to the novel’s shared interest in private life. These works invent quasi-administrated home spaces—whether ill-fitting apartments, girls’ hostels, libraries, prisons, hospitals, or schools—to reveal the intimate social effects that follow when infrastructures of collective living displace older structures of private life. In doing so, their novels deploy the welfare state’s fantasy of repair, but they also challenge its logic, inventing untenable living spaces only available in the zone of literature. Instead of the equitable, coherent social citizenry as imagined by the welfare state, these novels introduce us to the debris of its reconstruction: discarded blueprints, semi- inhabitable home spaces, and persistent markers of social inequality that resist grand fantasies of state repair. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group English First Advisor Jed Esty Second Advisor Paul K. Saint-Amour Keywords Anglophone literature, British literature, novel, Post-1945, war, welfare This dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/1969 STATES OF REPAIR: INSTITUTIONS OF PRIVATE LIFE IN THE POSTWAR ANGLOPHONE NOVEL Kelly M. Rich A DISSERTATION in English Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2016 Supervisor of Dissertation Co-Supervisor of Dissertation _____________________ _______________________ Jed Esty Paul K. Saint-Amour Professor of English Associate Professor of English Graduate Group Chairperson ________________________ Melissa E. Sanchez Professor of English Dissertation Committee Jed Esty, Professor of English Paul K. Saint-Amour, Professor of English Jim English, Professor of English Heather K. Love, Associate Professor of English ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Having written a dissertation interested in institutions, I should remark just how greatly I have benefitted from their various networks of support. First thanks goes to my mentors at Amherst College: Andy Parker, Adam Sitze, and especially Judy Frank and Martha Umphrey. Your friendship continues to make Amherst a bright spot and beacon home. As a graduate student at the University of Pennsylvania, I have had the great luck of finding many supportive colleagues and friends. Thanks to Kate Aid, Asma Al-Naser, Beth Blum, Florian Breitkopf, Alyssa Connell, Laura Finch, Devorah Fischler, Jessica Hurley, Jungha Kim, Erika Kontulainen, Yumi Lee, Cliff Mak, Monika Bhagat-Kennedy, Sal Nicolazzo, Katie Price, and Bronwyn Wallace for making this time feel full and alive, and to Anthony Ciacci and Mandy Edwards for reminding me why I teach. Thomas Dichter, Nava EtShalom, and Jos Lavery were the best readers; Kalyan Nadiminti was the best co-organizer. Further afield, Jordan Brower, Jenny Hyest, and Mimi Winick have kept me looking forward to conferences, and Sangina Patnaik and Michelle Ty were great additions to the Philly scene. Special thanks to Lydia Kertz, Alice McGrath, and Ana Schwartz for being there. I have also been fortunate to find support from a wide range of faculty, including Penn’s David Eng, Amy Kaplan, Melissa Sanchez, and especially Chi-ming Yang. Ann Marie Pitts kept things running smoothly. Thanks also to Haverford College’s Jill Stauffer, for providing a second home in the Peace, Justice, and Human Rights program, and Rutgers’ Rebecca Walkowitz, whose seminar kindled my interest in post-45 British literature. This dissertation would not have been possible without the steadfast help and care of my committee, all of them models for how to be in this profession. Heather Love had a way of continually turning the project on its head, revealing its possible iterations and stakes. Jim English provided critical ballast, bringing my lacunae into view. Paul Saint-Amour kept the magic alive, fostering and modelling impeccable scholarship with heart and serious play. And Jed Esty sustained my work from the ground up, with an unfailing warmth and confidence that made all the difference. I’d like to thank my parents, Brenda and John Rich, for their unwavering belief in me and support of my education; as well as my sister Ali, for all the fun. Thanks also to Carole Newlands and Jack Niles for being fantastic academic parent figures; to Mandy Vincent for being a fellow-traveller; and to Jeanne Griffin, for being a source of repair. And lastly, to Alan Niles: thank you for making it that much better. My scholarship has benefitted from several sources of expressly institutional support over the years, starting with the Institute for the Recruitment of Teachers. Penn’s School of Arts and Sciences gave me a much-needed sixth year of support; and the Mellon/ACLS made this final year of writing not just possible, but also, thankfully, sane. iii A version of Chapter 5 appeared in MFS: Modern Fiction Studies 61:4 (Winter 2015), 631-51, in a special issue on “Infrastructuralism.” iv ABSTRACT STATES OF REPAIR: INSTITUTIONS OF PRIVATE LIFE IN THE POSTWAR ANGLOPHONE NOVEL Kelly M. Rich Jed Esty Paul K. Saint-Amour This project proposes that one of the most enduring cultural legacies of the Second World War was the welfare state’s fantasy of rebuilding Britain. Beginning with the 1942 Beveridge Report’s promise to care for citizens “from the cradle to the grave,” the welfare state envisioned that managing individuals’ private lives would result in a more coherent and equitable community. Literature records this historic transition in order to narrate its transformative social potential, as well as its darker failures. Midcentury writers Elizabeth Bowen, George Orwell, and Muriel Spark used the militarized Home Front to present postwar Britain as a zone of lost privacy and new collective logics. As the century progressed, influential novelists such as Alan Hollinghurst, Michael Ondaatje, and Kazuo Ishiguro all looked backwards to 1945, registering an unfulfilled nostalgia for a Britain that never was, as well as the need to come to terms with welfare’s decaying remains. Their works index welfare’s limitations, situating Britain’s domestic policies within longer trajectories of colonial, racist, and homophobic violence. Taken together, the authors of my dissertation offer a new literary history of the Second World War, challenging not only the longstanding mythology of the v “People’s War,” but also, more urgently, the fragile beginnings of a “People’s Peace.” In particular, these novels metonymize welfare through their engagement with the built environment, owing to postwar reconstruction’s radical revisions of the home, as well as to the novel’s shared interest in private life. These works invent quasi- administrated home spaces—whether ill-fitting apartments, girls’ hostels, libraries, prisons, hospitals, or schools—to reveal the intimate social effects that follow when infrastructures of collective living displace older structures of private life. In doing so, their novels deploy the welfare state’s fantasy of repair, but they also challenge its logic, inventing untenable living spaces only available in the zone of literature. Instead of the equitable, coherent social citizenry as imagined by the welfare state, these novels
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