March 20, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7691 Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. Presi­ Senate will then proceed to take up S. NATIONAL COMMISSION ON EMPLOYMENT AND dent, I ask unanimous consent that the 2481 under a similar time agreement. UNEMPLOYMENT STATISTICS President be notified of the confirmation There will be rollcall votes throughout The following-named persons to be mem­ of the nominations. the day on those measures and on mo­ bers of the National Commission on Employ­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without tions and amendments in relation to the ment and Unemployment Statistics: objection, it is so ordered. same. Bernard E. Anderson, of Pennsylvania. Upon the disposition of those two Glen G. Cain, of Wisconsin. measures, the Senate will proceed under Jack Carlson, of Maryland. Michael Harold Moskow, of Illinois. COMMITTEE MEETINGS a time limitation to consider the confer­ ence report on the redwoods bill. The Rudolph Alphonsus Oswald, of Maryland. Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. Presi­ Samuel L. Popkin, of California. final votes on the two farm bills will Mitchell Sviridoff, of New York. dent, I ask unanimous consent, as i:il occur back-to-back and will occur no Joan Lawson Wills, of Virginia. legislative session, that the Consumer earlier than 4 p.m. tomorrow. So it would NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE Subcommitteee of the Commerce, appear that tomorrow the Senate will Science, and Transportation Committee The following-named persons to be mem­ proceed in legislative session to dispose bers of the Board of Regents of the National be authorized to meet during the ses­ of those two farm bills and the confer­ Library of Medicine, Public Health Service, sions of the Senate on Tuesday, ence report on the redwoods, after which for the terms indicated: March 21; Wednesday, March 22; and the Senate will resume consideration of For a term expiring August 3, 1979: Thursday, March 23, to consider the Na­ the treaty. Thomas C. Chalmers, of New York. tional Vehicle Safety Act and reauthor­ Kelly M. West, of Oklahoma. ization of the Motor Vehicle Informa­ For a term expiring August 3, 1980: tion and Costs Savings Act. RECESS UNTIL 8: 40 A.M. TOMORROW Samuel Richardson Hill, Jr., o! Alabama. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Doris H. Merritt, of Indiana. objection, it is so ordered. Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, Cecil George Sheps, of North Carolina. if there be no further business to come For a term expiring August 3, 1981: before the Senate, I move, in accordance James Franklin Williams II, of Michigan. with the order previously entered, that Nicholas Edward Davies, of Georgia. CONCLUSION OF MORNING the Senate, as in legislative session, stand NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD BUSINESS in recess until the hour of 8: 40 a.m. James B. King, of Massachusetts, to be The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there tomorrow. Chairman of ·the National Transportation further morning business? If not, The motion was agreed to; and at 7:33 Safety Board for a term of 2 years. morning business is closed. p.m. the Senate, as in legislative session, LEGAL SERVICES CORPORATION recessed until Tuesday, March 21, 1978, The following-named persons to be mem­ at 8:40 a.m. bers of the Board of Directors of the Legal Services Corpora tlon for terms expiring July PROGRAM 13, 1980: Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, CONFIRMATIONS Cecilia Denogean Esquer, of Arizona. the Senate will come in at 8:40 a.m. Steven L. Engelberg, of Maryland. tomorrow. Executive nominations confirmed by Hillary Diane Rodham, of Arkansas. the Senate March 20, 1978: Richard Allan Trudell, of California. After the prayer, the distinguished DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Josephine Marie Worthy, of Massachusetts. Senator from South Dakota (Mr. P. R. Smith, of Georgia, to be a member of The above nominations were approved sub- ABOUREZK) will be recognized for not to the Board of Directors of the Commodity ject to the nominees' commitments to res­ exceed 15 minutes, after which and no Credit Corporation. pond to requests to appear and testify be­ fore any duly constituted committee of the later than the hour of 9 a.m., the Senate U.S. TAX COURT will proceed to the consideration, as in Senate. Herbert L. Chabot, of Maryland, to be a IN THE DIPLOMATIC AND FOREIGN SERVICE legislative 3ession, of the farm bill, H.R. judge of the U.S. Tax Court for a term of 15 6782. There is a time agreement on that years after he takes office. Diplomatic and Foreign Service nomina­ tions beginning Stephen W. Bosworth, to be bill, a limit o.f 4 · hours, which is all NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD inclusive and out of which any time for a Foreign Service officer of class 1, and end­ Elwood Thomas Driver, of Virginia, to be a ing Ronnie D. Woody, to be a Foreign serv­ amendments, motions, et cetera, would member of the National Transportation ice officer cf class 7, which nominations were come. Safety Board for the remainder of the term received by the Senate and appeared in the Upon the disposition of H.R. 6782, the expiring December 31, 1980. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD on February 10, 1978.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS A LOVELY PARK THAT DOUBLES AS summer of 1976, the long-awaited Indian center of the town by using Indian Bend FLOOD CONTROL Bend Wash flood control project was Wash. Because of this wash, property completed. This project was the culmi­ damage was kept to a minimum, and nation of cooperation between the State, there was only minor disruption in the HON. JOHN J. RHODES local Scottsdale government, and Army life of the city. I would like to submit OF ARIZONA Corps of Engineers. It marked the first for the RECORD an article from the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES project of its kind where the Army Corps Christian Science Monitor which de­ Monday, March 20, 1978 combined recreational pa~ks. lakes, and scribes the way the Indian Bend Wash other structures with flood control dams project worked, and the letter of con­ e Mr. RHODES. Mr. Speaker, as you and dikes. The city of Scottsdale alone gratulations to me from the mayor of are no doubt aware Arizona has recently contributed over $7 million to the con­ Scottsdale, William C. Jenkins, which been ravaged by the worst floods in the struction of this project. highlights the successful flood control State's modern history. The damage to The results of this project have borne aspects of the wash. property is running into the millions of out the careful planning and hard work Hopefully, this disaster will point out dollars, and there has been a tragic loss that went into it. While the southern the necessity of moving forward as ex­ of life and destruction of 1--roperty in the half of Phoenix was ravaged by uncon­ peditiously as possible with the con­ once tranquil "Valley of the Sun." trollable water spilled through the nor­ struction of Orme Dam as part of the There is, however, one element of mally dry Salt River bed, the city of central Arizona project, so the city of solace that the residents of Scottsdale, Scottsdale to the north was able to con­ Phoenix will be able to plan and provide Ariz., can take from this disaster. In the trol the waters that ran through the for a similar flood control project which

Statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor will be identified by the use of a "bullet" symbol, i.e., • 7692 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 20, 1978 has already been named the Rio Salado, ScOTTSDALE, ARIZ., March 8, 1978. equitable participation by U.S. and to minimize the ravages of any flooding Hon. JOHN RHODES, Canadian pilots in the required services House of Representatives, that might occur in the future. Washington, D.C. to oceangoing vessels in U.S. and Cana­ The article follows: DEAR JOHN: I wanted to write and thank dian waters. A LOVELY PARK THAT DOUBLES you for your help on the Indian Bend Wash. While mates of U.S. interlake vessels AS FLOOD CONTROL As you know, the flood control aspects of are licensed as "First Class Pilots," and the Wash were tested during the past week. this is the only license issued to lake (By David F. Salisbury) It worked beautifully! vessel deck officers other than a master's Los ANGELEs.-Southwest cities faced with Whlle Scottsdale residents were inconven­ license, the prerequisite to status as a the aftermath of this winter's severe flooding ienced by the flooding, the areas protected U.S. registered pilot to enable service would do well to consider the example of by the Indian Bend Wash were virtually un­ Scottsdale, Arizona. scathed by the flooding. under the Pilotage Act of 1960 to ocean­ In 1972, floodwaters churned out of Indian The Council and I recognize the hard work going vessels is an unlimited master's Bend Wash, swamping 1,600 homes, cutting you've done on the project and want to again license. Because of this requirement Scottsdale in half, and costing the city $10 say thanks! there is a chronic shortage of qualified million in damages. But this year, despite a Sincerely, applicants which, under the federally similar deluge, damage has been minimal. WILLIAM 0. JENKINS, mandated system, causes concern for The difference? A 7Y2-mlle greenbelt that Mayor.e the future safety of navigation in this doubles as a recreation area and as a gra.ss­ region. Mates usually sail for 10 years llned splllway designed to protect the city before obtaining a master's license and from rushing floodwaters. THE GREAT LAKES Pll..OTAGE ACT serve another 10 or more years before According to a spokesman from the Army Corps of Engineers, which originally sug­ OF 1960 obtaining a master's berth. By this time gested concrete canals, the new spillway ls these men are well advanced in their "the nation's first floodway project to both careers, unable to transfer retirement reduce flood damage and build recreational HON. PHILIP E. RUPPE benefits built up with an established faclll ties in the same design." OF MICHIGAN company, and otherwise unwilling to However, the greenbelt approach ls not IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES face the uncertainties of an applicant universally applicable. If the land runs at Monday, March 20, 1978 pilot's lot. a steeper slope than it does at Scottsdale, for Other objectives to the master licen­ instance, the spillway might not work. In • Mr. RUPPE. Mr. Speaker, I have today sure requirement have been identified areas where the flood plain is highly devel­ introduced a bill to amend the Great oped, as ls the case in neighboring Phoenix, not the least of which is the accepted a park system would be expensive to develop. Lakes Pilotage Act of 1960 in order to argument that essentially only naviga­ But there are a number of areas in the relieve the restrictive qualification stand­ tional skills are required which can be Southwest where flooding ls a perennial ards for U.S. registerec! pilots on the found in the larger manpower pool of problem which might benefit from Scotts­ Great Lakes. This measure is intended to younger, lower ranking but skillful dale's example. relieve the growing shortage of quali­ lake vessel officers. To these men "pilot­ Although preliminary damage estimates fied applicants for pilots and to enable age" would off er career advancement from recent flooding in next-door Phoenix the development of a suitable training prospects. have been chalked in at $8 mllllon, the only program to insure the continued safe Thus my bill would provide that a damage in Scottsdale was in the still-un­ conduct of both foreign and registered finished areas of the new park, says Barbara U.S. pilot need no longer be the holder Markiewitz of the Mayor's office. U.S. vessels within the confines of our of an unlimited master's license but that In 1963, the Army Corps of Engineers pre­ Nation's Fifth Sea. a license as master, mate, or pilot would scribed a standard solution for Scottsdale's Pilotage has been defined as that suffice. However, to insure the requisite recurring flood control problems--sterlle eminent state of maritime "know-how," pilotage and ship-handling skills and to concrete canals identical to those which the achievement of which by all con­ obviate any possibility that a master crisscross a number of older Southwest cities. cerned would insure the safe naviga­ might be transferring the conning of his Two years later, Congress authorized money tion of all things that float. Though this to implement the plan. vessel to a pilot who was a less qualified definition is somewhat nebulous the one ship handler than himself, my bill pro­ But officials of the newly incorporated city distinguishing concern expressed there­ had other ideas. They voted the idea down vides that the Secretary of Transporta­ in is-safety. Pilotage is a vital aspect tion may require additional training by a resounding margin. of maritime safety which in the Great CITIZENS OFFERED PLAN and experience as a prerequisite to reg­ Lakes was satisfied in earlier years by istration as a U.S. registered pilot. At the time, Scottsdale was conducting a experienced lake sailing masters taken "town enrichment" program. Citizens meet­ With these changes, safety of naviga­ tug in neighborhood groups to propose and on board voluntarily at Montreal as a tion as envisioned by the framers of the discuss priorities for development decided vessel began her u~bound journey. Pilotage Act is insured-and incentives that flood control precautions could be com­ Traffic increased, the demand for qual­ to establish a desirable pi1~tage train­ bined with park and recreational fa.clllties. ified masters grew, and beginning about ing program are fostered.• There had been several destructive floods. 1957 the need for licensed pilots under The worst occurred in 1972, and the result­ Government control became clear, es­ ing damage set the stage for passage of a $10 pecially in the face of the fact that TITLE XI FINANCING FOR GREAT million bond issue for the proposal. When while vessels navigating solely on the it became clear that the city was going LAKES VESSELS a.head with the plan to use grass rather than lakes were required to have the service concrete for flood control, the Army aban­ of officers with qualified piloting skills doned its previous position and joined in. there was no statutory requirement that HON. JOHN M. MURPHY Today the project ls 80 percent complete. oceangoing vessels of any flag utilize OF NEW YORK Scottsdale's flOOd plain has been largely similar service while in U.S. waters. This IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES transformed into a narrow strip of grassy need was enhanced by the opening of the - Monday, March 20, 1978 parks, lakes, golf courses, playing fields, and new deeper-draft St. Lawrence Seaway picnic areas. These a.re graded from 6 to 18 in 1959. There followed, after extensive • Mr. MURPHY of New York. Mr. feet below the homes, businesses, and schools hearings and consideration of equitable Speaker, 'today I am introducing a bill which line the banks. Although the area relations with Canada, the "Great Lakes to exempt Great Lakes vessels from the often ls awash during severe floods, the greenbelt has been designed to withstand Pilotage Act of 1960" which essentially 14 knot speed criterion which the Mer­ waters with only minim.um resulting dam­ requires the services of a registered pilot chant Marine Act of 1936 requires for a age. Four bridges span the area. and pre­ in restricted or "designated" waters and lower down payment for direct loans vent sections of the city from being isolated a registered pilot or other qualified offi­ from the· Federal Government and for by raging waters. cer upon the open or "undesignated" mortgage insurance. Total cost of the project ls estimated at waters of the lakes. Suitable accommo·­ Under the Merchant Marine Act, an $30 million, only $4 milllon more than the dations, reciprocity, and mutual con­ applicant 'whose vessel weighs a mini­ original figures for a concrete canal. The in­ cerns of the United States and Canada mum of 3,500 gross tons and can maln­ vestment ls expected to save more than $9 have since been covered by memoranda tain a minimum speed of 14 knots is al­ million in damage3 for every severe flood. of arrangements. They provide for the lowed to make a minimum down pay- March 20, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7693 ment of 12 % percent toward a direct most ancient way-using the Vernal Equi­ CUTTING HEALTH COSTS IN loan from the Federal Government and nox, when the sun crosses the equator, mak­ ST. LOUIS toward mortgage insurance. All appli­ ing night and day of equal length in all cants who cannot meet these criteria parts of the earth. EARTH DAY begin& with the striking of the Peace Bell at the United HON. RICHARD A. GEPHARDT must make a minimum down payment of Nations, joined by gongs and bells ringing 25 percent. around the world in Celebration of the Ver­ OF MISSOURI Most Great Lakes vessels cannot meet n.'l.l Equinox. The Celebration offends no IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVF..S these requirements, nor is it necessary historical calendar, yet transcends them all. Monday, March 20, 1978 that they do. The provisions in the 1936 Earth Day celebrates the interdependence law were included to stimulate the con­ within the natural world of living things, • Mr. GEPHARDT. Mr. Speaker, as a struction of vessels capable of achieving and of humanity's utter dependence upon member of the House Ways and Means earth, man's only home. It celebrates the Committee, with its jurisdiction over convoy speed for wartime. It has been importance of the land, the oceans a.nd found, however, that the most economi­ the a.tr to life a.nd peace. It ls a Celebration medicare-medicaid and health insurance cal operation for a modern-day Great for all mankind, for we who live in dif­ legislation, I share the concerns of my Lakes vessel fully loaded is a sustained ferent lands, on la.nd which we cherish-and cominittee colleagues that something speed of 15% miles per hour, and some­ which we will be a.be to cherish indefinitely, must be donE> to stop the ever-increasing times less. In order for a Great Lakes insuring a brighter future for a.11, if only we costs of health care. In public hearings vessel to meet the 14 knot, or 16.1 miles apply what we have learned about our earth held in May 1977, on the hospital cost per hour, criterion, and therefore obtain responsibly a.nd wisely !e containment proposals, we learned that the loan or mortgage insurance with a health care expenditures for the elderly 12%-percent downpayment, it would IN OPPOSITION TO SUSPENDING have skyrocketed since 1966. During that have to sacrifice cargo, add 5,000 horse­ THE RULE TO PASS H.R. 11274 year, an average senior citizen paid $237 power, and consume more valuable fuel. in direct, "out-of-ppcket" health care The particular nature of the Great expenditures. In 1975, senior citizens, Lakes, where numerous rivers and HON. THOMAS A. LUKEN who are forced to make ends meet while channels constrain vessel movements, OF OHIO living on a fixed income, paid an average does not call for a speed criterion. It is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of $390 in direct, "out-of-pocket" health unfair to impose a standard set for care expenditures. oceangoing vessels on those transit­ Monday, March 20, 1978 Clearly, action is needed to reverse the ing the Great Lakes. This bill, "to per­ • Mr. LUKEN. Mr. Speaker, I am in op­ spiraling cost of health care. Congress mit the guarantee of obligations for fi­ position to the motion to suspend the has heard dozens of proposals. Few of nancing Great Lakes vessels in an rules, because I believe this to be a these proposals are very innovative. amount not exceeding 87% per centum blatant maneuver to block the House Many proposals are negative and are-· of the actual or depreciated cost of each vote on tuition tax credits. often put forth by very defensive seg­ vessel," should remedy that problem. The proponents of this measure char­ ments of our health care industry. Joining me in introducing this legisla­ acterize it as noncontroversial, and at Fortunately, in my home State of Mis­ tion are Mr. ASHLEY, Mr. DINGELL, Mr. the same time describe the tuition tax souri, a unique health plan has been de­ LEGGETT, Mr. EILBERG, Mr. OBERSTAR, Ms. credits as a "highly controversial meas­ veloped. It is a positive response to meet­ MIKULSKI, Mr. BONIOR, Mr. AKAKA, and ure." The opponents acknowledge that ing this Nation's health care needs. It is Mr. RUPPE .• the two are very closely related. It is innovative in its restructuring of the eco­ common knowledge that this measure nomics of American medicine. would not be before us if the chairman For these reasons, I call the attention EARTH DAY 1978 of the Ways and Means Committee had of all my colleagues and to the Nation's not scheduled hearings on tuition tax medical community a thought-provoking credit. Everyone knows that this meas­ article by Dr. E. J. Cunningham, presi­ HON. DOUGLAS WALGREN ure was conceived in opposition to tui­ dent-elect of the St. Louis County Medi­ OF PENNSYLVANIA tion _tax credit, and is being brought into cal S-~ciety. Dr. Cunningham has detailed IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the world with no other purpose in mind. the operation and organization of the Monday, March 20, 1978 The result of a favorable action here unique St. Louis metro health plan. · today would be to stifle the debate on As President of the St. Louis metro • Mr. WALGREN. Mr. Speaker, on tuition tax credit and prevent this health plan, Dr. Cunningham has shown March 20, 1978, winter will officially turn urgently needed legislation from being great insight and leadership in develop­ to spring. At the exact moment of the considered fully by the appropriate com­ ing this positive solution toward revers­ Equinox, which occurs at 6: 34 p.m., a mittee and by this House. Actually, tui­ ing the cost-plus spiral. Dr. Cunning­ ceremony celebrating Earth Day at the tion tax credit is a simple, straight!or­ ham's article follows: United Nations will culminate with the ward approach which would provide KEY FACTORS TO HMO SUCCESS ringing of the peace bell by Dr. Margaret equitable treatment and very needed re­ Mead, Earth Day chairman. As a. private, practicing physician, I share lief to millions of taxpayers. Instead of the concerns of thousands of doctors a.bout Earth Day s a global holiday pro­ collecting taxes from the American citi­ the rising cost-plus spiral which continues to claimed by the Secretary General of the zen only to return it to them reduced by plague the economy and hes.Ith ca.re industry United Nations. Since 1971, when U administrative costs, a tuition tax credit in the United States. Physicia.ns ca.n, should Thant first rang the peace bell at U.N. would provide a direct reduction in tax and must pla.y a real leadership role in re­ headquarters, the bell has been rung bills, correlated to educational expenses. ducing a.nd reversing this cost-plus spiral. each year at the Equinox in the name of It is true that the exact coverage and Forty of St. Louis' leading private physi­ man's effort to protect the environment amount of such a tax credit is open to cians 1 viewed this economic situation a.s a.n and improve the quality of life. debate, and such a debate should and O?portunity, not a. problem. My fellow physi­ I would now like to bring to the at­ will take place on the floor of this House cians joined me in developing a. positive alter­ tention of my colleagues an article by native to existing methods of hes.Ith care if this effort today is frustrated. financing. St. Louis physicians persona.Uy Dr. Margaret Mead which aptly describes Neither, do we listen attentively to the have committed $250,000.00 to start a preps.id the meaning of Earth Day: opinion of Attorney General Bell. The EARTH DAY Attorney General is not the court of last 1 Physicians sponsoring the Sa.int Louis (By Ma.rga.ret Mea.d) resort, but is the lawyer for this admin­ Metro Hes.Ith Pla.n include: President-Elect Earth Day is the first holy day which tran­ istration. His opinion is no doubt sin­ of the St. Louis County Medical Society; scends all national borders, yet preserves all cere, but it is also part and parcel of the President of Missouri State Board of Hes.l­ geographical integrities, spans mountains effort of the administration to defeat ing Arts; Past President of Filipino Physi­ and oceans and time belts, and yet brings tuition tax credits. cian Association: President-Elect of St. Clair people all over the world into one resonating County; Five Hospital Staff Presidents; Pa.st accord, is devoted to the preservation of the On this motion to suspend the rules President of the National Medics.I Associa­ harmony of nature and yet draws upon the and pass H.R. 11274, I will vote "no" and tion; Missouri Delegate a.nd Trustee to Amer­ triumphs of technology. I urge all Members of the House to vote ican Medics.I Assocla.tion; President, South­ Earth Day draws upon astronomical phe­ "no" out of desire for a full debate on all western Surgical Congress a.nd thirty other nomenon in a new way-which is also the available options.• lea.ding physicians. 7694 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS lY!arch 20, 1978 health plan. These doctors clearly recognized will help meet the existing demand. Through RECENT FTC ACTIONS that the key issue ls basic economics and that inclusion of a wide spectrum of physician the cost-plus spiral can only be reversed if leaders a.s founders, we have been able to the self interests of everyone are to reverse receive strong support of our fellow practi­ the spiral and reduce the costs. Private phy­ tioners. HON. JAMES J. BLANCHARD sicians did not want to assume the risk of Why has such a unique response been .ex­ OF MICHIGAN hospitalization alone. The physicians were perienced in St. Louis, known as a conserv­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES will1ng to accept the total risk of limiting ative bastion of private medicine? Can such the cost of physician care, in outpatient hos­ a response be developed in other communi­ Monday, March 20, 1978 pital care and providing the professional con­ ties? We belleve it can, but only with a non­ current utmzation review of services, but threatening approach which clearly recog­ e Mr. BLANCHARD. Mr. Speaker, as a wanted a program which allowed all tradi­ nizes the importance of providing everyone supporter of vigorous antitrust enforce­ tional health insurance carriers and every an opportunity to participate and a reward ment and reasonable trade regulation to employer the opportunity to participate. The for their participation. Because physicians protect the consumer, I, as weli as many result ls a program which allows each insur­ both provide and determine the proper others in Congress, have an interest in ance carrier to participate by selling the plan course of care, they are in effect both the seeing that Federal action in this area to their existing clients and sharing with provider and the consumer. The other key be sensible and reasonable. those clients and the physicians the finan­ parties are labor and industry, who pay Without question, Federal resources cial risk and rewards of developing appro­ for the care. priate controls of the utilization of in­ PAST EXPERIENCE to enforce antitrust laws and consumer patient and outpatient services. St. Louis physicians know and HEW knows protection laws are limited. These re­ This open panel, multi-site Individual why HMO's have developed very slowly: sources must be put to the wisest, most Practice Association provides every employer (1) lack of commitment by sponsors effective use. A recent editorial in the the opportunity with his existing insurance (2) lack of management capab1Iity Wall Street Journal calls into question carrier to offer all employees their individual ( 3) lack of providers ' the wisdom of recent Federal Trade choice of insurance programs without hav­ (4) failure to supply marketing support Commission actions regarding the cereal ing to change physicians. In this manner, (5) strong physician opposition industry. In my mind it also calls into the best elements of the traditional rela­ CURRENT AND SUCCESSFUL ACTIONS question whether Federal resources are, tionships with which each participant is To assure physician participation a plan in fact, being put to their most effective fammar and accustomed are saved and a must: new common interest to reverse costs is use. For the information of my col­ ( 1} Preserve the fee-for service concept, in leagues, the March 6 editorial appears introduced. that reimbursement should be made for each Quite simply, in the best tradition of service rendered. below: America, it interferes with no one's rights. (~} Accommodate all types of medical THREE QUARTERS OF A MONOPOLY Every insurance company may choose to practice, from the solo or small partnership What is good news for Quaker Oats Com­ participate. Every consumer may elect to to the large multi-specialty group. pany must logically be good news for the join the Plan. Every physician may partlci­ ( 3} Afford those enrolled free choice of pate. Every industry may offer this alterna­ other ready-to-eat cereal companies in the participating physician, regardless of special­ industry's almost eight-year struggle against tive. The role of the private insurance car­ ty or practice setting. rier is preserved. But the Plan's emphasis the Federal Trade Commission. ( 4} Pay in full for nearly all medically re.: Quaker last week won from Harry R. on outpatient care, preventive care, cost lated expenses, whether for inpatient or out­ controls and health care education will Hinkes, administrative law judge of the patient care. FTC, a dismissal as defendant in the age!lcy's dramatically reduce the total cost of care. (5) Pay for preventive as well as curative Equally important, the Plan has been de­ "shared monopoly" case. Quaker, he de­ services. cided, was not sharing in the monopoly. signed so that everyone shares in those (6) Streamline administration and ellmi­ savings. What this leaves us with ls the s1lly propo­ nate patient billin{{ and costly paperwork. sition that Kellogg, General Foods and Gen­ By providing existing carriers the appro­ To assure industry and labor support, the priate role of marketing, risk assumption eral M1lls now constitute three quarters of a plan must: monopoly. This confounds logic as mu<'h and claims processing, and by utilizing a ( 1} Provide the credibility of participation health management firm with experience in by major health insurance carriers. as the idea of a three-quarters murder, dealing with the problems of physicians as (2) Provide employers and unions the op­ which suggests to us that the sooner the well as with the development and manage­ tion of retaining their present hospitaliza­ government dismisses the entire case the ment of alternate health care delivery sys­ tion carrier. sooner it can wipe the egg off its face. tems, we feel we are maximizing our utlllza­ ( 3) Provide employees the option to re­ The whole concept of shared monopoly tions of existing human resources in the tain their present physician. was a silly one from the start, the idea that management of the Plan. This straight for­ (4) Reduce the cost of administering their when a few producers share a major portion ward, non-threatening approach is meeting health benefit program. of the market they can act as a. monopoly with the enthusiastic support from every (5) Not require employers to determine even without conspiring or colluding. The major segment of the health care providers the appropriateness of care. government would have us believe the four in the community. To assure everyone's support, we urge that companies would make believe they were By utllizing existing facilities and com­ the plan, through the use of the free enter­ competing, dividing up the market with munity physicians, NO provider ls excluded prise system, should set the existing fac1lities, winks and signals, rigging high prices and and each provider can participate to the human resources and financial resources of preventing new competition from coming in extent they wish. By developing the program the industry into an econcmic dynamic to beat these shared-monopoly prices by with the participation of the community's which will reverse the present incentive spending lavish amounts on advertising that leading physicians, hospitals, insurance car­ which results in a cost-plus spiral. the "little guy" can't afford. riers and employers, the self interest of all Quaker, we see, gets off this twisted hook will assure continual provider support. No amount of community planning, gov­ ernment regulation or control will be as ef­ because it increased its market share to 9% Marketing responsibllities wlll be shared by in 1972 from 2% in 1960 and because it evi­ the Management 2 Company which has fective in reducing cost as an economic dy­ namic based on the self interest of all con­ denced "more rivalry" than the others in proven ability to develop and sell the pre­ seeking supermarket shelf space. Thus, says paid alternative in other markets. The cerned. The viability and responsibility of the free enterprise system are being tested Mr. Hinkes in his dismissal, the "record fails community's largest insurance carrier has to show that an order against Quaker is agreed to aggressively market the Plan to and, in St. Louis, physicians and industry have clearly demonstrated a desire to rise to necessary to restore competition in the existing customers and to participate with industry." any employer whose present carrier does the challenge. We want our children and not want to assume their appropriate re­ their children to have the same freedom to It does not take a Jesuit to figure out that sponsibilities by participating in the Plan. choose their doctor, but we also want them it takes two to tango and at least two to Numerous Corporations and Unions have to be able to afford the care they need. To compete for supermarket shelf space. And if indicated their desire to participate and en­ meet these medical needs, the responsibUity indeed the other three companies were courage their employees and members to is not for government to provide us the solu­ somehow sharing a monopoly, it is not much participate. Existing closed panel HMO's in tion, but for physicians and industry to pro­ of a monopoly if it allows a competitor to St. Louis operating from single sites have vide the solution. quadruple its market share. If there is no not been able to cope with the demand for CONCLUSION case against Quaker there's no case against prepayment. This community wide program If the continual support and development anyone. We think the FTC and even much of federally funded programs are needed to of its staff must know it has been engaging in 2 Medserco Incorporated. Its Primary Care stimulate an appropriate response, then so foolishness. Systems Division, directed by Mr. James be it. In St. Louis, this is not the case, and And very costly foolishness at that. Quaker Dyer who managed five successful !.P.A. it need not be in other communities. We estimated that "despite efforts to minimize operations in Wisconsin is responsible for hope by our example we will help others to costs by handling its defense 'in house' (we) all management support. recognize the opportunity.e estimate the direct cost to it alone to be March 20, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7695 $1,888,405 aside from the nonquantifiable headquarters. Accordingly, H.R. 10982 .. Renaissance woman." Those who know disruptive effects to Quaker's business and rescinds the $10.1 million that the Board the substantial expenditure of taxpayers' and work with her would simply call her money by Complaint Counsel." did not utilize. a very special human being.e Indeed the FTC's staff architect of this Finally, the legislation rescinds $5 mil­ effort, Michael Glassman, almost gave Judge lion in budget authority for the U.S. Hinkes no other choice when he testified share of expenses to maintain United that relief against Quaker "was not essential Nations peacekeeping forces in the Mid­ MILLER CHAffiS HEARINGS ON and would do very little, only make a mar­ dle East. This is due to the fact that in DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ginal contribution to increasing competition December the U.N. General Assembly ap­ in the industry," and relief should be pur­ proved peacekeeping budgets substan­ sued only if "it could be obtained cheaply." tially lower than anticipated, and, as a HON. GEORGE MILLER Dropping Quaker, he said, "would save the OF CALIFORNIA public some money." result, the U.S. assessment was reduced Does this mean that our bureaucrats in from $32 million to $27 million.• IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Washington are beginning to sense that their Monday, March 20, 1978 moments of whimsy, as with the concoction of the shared-monopoly theory, involve ex­ • Mr. MILLER of California. Last week, traordinary expenses to the taxpaying and LIBBY KLAWUHN I had the opportunity to chair hearings consuming public? FTC Chairman Michael by the Subcommittee on Select Education Pertshuck says yes, from now on there will be on one very critical subject of domestic a "cost-benefit analysis" of each FTC pro­ HON. HENRY A. WAXMAN violence. The subjects of these hearings ceedings "to make sure consumers are better OF CALIFORNIA have been bills introduced by my col­ off than they were before as a result of our action." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES leagues, BARBARA MIKULSKI of Maryland, But wait a minute! On the very day Quaker Monday, March 20, 1978 LINDY BOGGS of Louisiana, and NEWTON finally got out from under the shared-mono­ STEERS of Maryland. This legislation poly suit the Federal Trade Commission an­ ~ Mr. WAXMAN. Mr. Speaker, it is with and these hearings have drawn national nounced a brave, new proceeding. An in­ special pride that I ask the Members to attention to this ignored and hidden quiry would begin on whether or not all tele­ Jom me in congratulating Libby crisis which, testimony has indicated, is vision advertising aimed at children should Klawuhn for outstanding contributions a severe epidemic which transcends be banned altogether. An incredible FTC to her community, State, and country on every barrier of race, educational level, bureaucrat named Tracy Weston appeared the occasion of the installation dinner on the Today Show to announce, wild-eyed, income, and social status. that television commercials manipulate lit­ of the Hollywood Highlands Democratic While congressional action has illu­ tle minds and must be prohibited. "Parents Club on March 31, 1978, in Los Angeles. minated the extent of the problem, we are helpless," he said. "Government must Libby is being honored for her service certainly did not originate the idea of help parents, who after all cannot police their as a three-term president of that club, providing assistance to victims of do­ children day and night." a duty which she carried out with dis­ mestic viokr1ce. That effort has been Who buys those commercials? Cereal com­ tinction and leadership. But I would undertaken very successfully by com­ panies. Luther McKinney, Quaker's senior like to think of this commemoration as munity people in dozens of cities and vice president who personally argued the Quaker case on the shared monopoly suit, a tribute to her commitment to the prin­ rural communities who have established thus did not get even one day to celebrate. ciples of democracy through her tireless shelters and service programs with a "The advertising ban proceedings," he says, involvement with the candidates and minimum, or no Federal assistance what­ "may take four or five years."e causes she believes in, starting with the ever. New Deal of the thirties to present day I think there should be Federal as­ progressive issues. sistance, targeted specifically for the In her various capacities as alternate creation and replication of these locally H.R. 10982, FIRST FISCAL YEAR 1978 to the Los Angeles County Democratic based programs. A critical part of any BUDGET RESCISSION BILL Committee, treasurer of the 45th assem­ Federal legislation must be that we bly district council, an active member in scrupulously avoid introducing unrea­ the California Democratic council, she sonable bureaucratic requirements and HON. CARDISS COLLINS is known for her diligence, forthright­ red tape. OF Il.LINOIS ness, and as someone who can always be I look forward to working on develop­ counted on. Not the least of her involve­ ing legislation in this area. I would like IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ment is serving as a deputy registrar of to share my opening comments at last Monday, March 20, 1978 voters-and in her enthusiasm to im­ week's hearings with my colleagues in • Mrs. COLLINS of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, part the spirit of citizen participation the House. although I was not present on Friday, in the election process, she has under­ The statement follows: Marc1110, to vote on the passage of H.R. taken all manner of tasks whether it be HEARINGS OF DoMESTIC VIOLENCE LEGISLATION 10982, the first budget recission bill of driving a citizen to the polls or getting Today's hearing marks the beginning of fiscal year 1978, I wish to be recorded as information distributed where and when action in the House of Representatives in favor of this bill had I been present. needed. which, I am hopeful, will conclude in enact­ The effect of this bill, which passed Professionally, Libby Klawuhn is a ment of legislation providing federal sup­ the House by a vote of 318 to O, is to specialist in the field of temperature ports tor shelters for victims of domestic measurement instruments. She has also violence. rescind budget authority previously ap­ Various experts, with far greater expertise propriated by the Congress for purposes served as field deputy on the staffs of in this field thalil I, will tell members of this that were later determined to be no various legislators and in this capacity is subcommittee, and the general public, some longer necessary. Included in the bill are the compassionate, efficient buffer be­ extremely disturbing facts about the level $40.2 million for military assistance to tween a constituent in need and the of domestic violence which exists in our Turkey and Greece. Since the imple­ services of a sometimes indifferent pub­ country. I need not recite the statistics at mentation of this aid had been made lic agency. the outset. contingent upon a certain degree of It would seem from all this that little It is important to note, however, that con­ time and energy would be left for the gressional action on the subject of domestic progress by these two countries in re­ violence is not an example of responding to solving their dispute over Cyprus-prog­ more frivolous interests. This is not so. some .fad. The evidence has clearly indicated ress which the President had determined Libby Klawuhn is a talented musician that we in the Congress are well behind had not been made-the committee has and composer, painter, science fiction many committed people throughout the recommended this item for recission. enthusiast, and a first-class Dodger fan. country who have recognized, and responded Other items affected by this bill in­ Her friends come from all walks of life, to this widespread problem long before legis­ clude the Federal Home Loan Bank all ages, all interests. They are a reflec­ lation or financial assistance from the fed­ Board which utilized only $11.5 million tion of her own all-encompassing regard eral government became available. I believe that the federal government out of $21.6 million in borrowing author- for human values and achievements. should provide help to those operating, or - ity which had been appropriated by the Because of her special qualities, Libby seeking to establish, shelters for abused Congress for the construction of its new Klawuhn might be rightfully termed a people throughout the country. But it is 7696 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 20, 1978

terribly important, In constructing this fed- I ,th~ Ei'oviding shelter and serylces _to the - 2) We should look to the many federal eral policy, that we avoid esta~llshing victims. I have been pleased to learn that programs which could be brought into this bureaucratic and other obstructions which the police themselves are favorably dis- effort to provide personnel to aid shelters. wlll drain off funds needed for shelter oper­ posed towards these shelters, because they Congresswoman Mikulski has correctly drawn ations and create a mountain of regulations provide a needed, non-legal response to our attention to the role ACTION can play and red tape. women's serious problems. The success of in this program by enlisting volunteers. We The main goal of federal legislation should these shelters, and the universally similarly should look to the Retired Senior be to channel, to community based organiza­ acknowledged breadth of the incidence of Citizen Volunteer Program, and CETA to help tions, funds to assist in the maintenance or family violence, justify support for the kind staff shelters with skilled and trained people creation of shelters. Many successful models of legislation we a.re considering here today. from the community. have been developed already with a mini­ I think it ls very important to stress that 3) Very importantly, we must not raise un- mum of direct federal assistance, if any, and domestlc abuse ls not by any means limited reasonable expectations that, through this we should build on these models while assur­ to one portion of the population. Both legislation alone, the federal govetnment wlll ing that people in their own communities shelter operators and police have told me be able to supply unlimited funds for shelters will make decisions about their shelters that they encounter middle and upper class throughout the country, because that w111 based upon the specific needs of their own victims as well as poor victims, from all races, not be possible. Ultimately, it ls my hope that communities. educational and occupational backgrounds. our limited resources wlll be used to put This hearing, and others like it, can pro­ Without divulging confidences. I think I can shelters on a stable footing so that they vide us with important information about say that I have personally heard of cases can compete for other money, such as reve­ shelters and the incidence of abuse. In prep­ where an abuser was a garbage truck driver, nue sharing and Title XX of the Social Se· aration for chairing these hearings, I felt and a high ranking m111tary officer. curity Act, within their own state and local that I needed to gain more personal experi­ Victims from differing background respond community. ence with the issue of domestic violence, and to abuse very differently. A poor victim often I have become aware of the fact that seri­ related problems, than I could get in the arrlves at a shelter after years of abuse, in- . ous questions currently exist about the abil­ somewhat antiseptic atmosphere of a hear­ forming the operators that she found the lty of shelters to utmze Title XX funds. To ing room. courage to leave her abuser only because eliminate any problem in their gaining access Over the past several weeks, I have spent finally there was a place to gr. Without any to this important source of federal funding several evenings in homes for abused women, financial resources of her own, she had had for social services, I will introduce early next talking with the people who organized the little alternative but to bear the abuse for week legislation to: homes, and with the women themselves who eleven years, in the case of a woman with SpecUlcally authorize the use of Title XX sought refuge from battering spouses. I also whom I spoke the other night. funds for adults or children who require spent time riding with policemen from near­ A woman with her own career, or from a shelter or services on an emergency basis by communities to gain firsthand their per­ higher income family, may have somewhat because of the danger of physical or mental spectives on the problems police encounter different circumstances. In some cases, these injury or abuse; in this area. women do not have access to the family's Provide that all funding for shelters shall These experiences, over several evenings bank accounts, and are, for all purposes, be on a short term, emergency basis; of frank discussion, have greatly supple­ destitute when they decide to leave their Provide a waiver from regular Title XX mented my awareness of the problem, and homes. I enc:mntered one woman who left income ellglb111ty standards for those utmz­ of the difficulties in offering as~istance from an abusing husband only to find, several lng such services because of the questionable the federal level. Most tragically, domestic days later, that he had sold all of her belong- financial circumstances of people using violence appears to me to be one more piece lngs, including family heirlooms. So, the shelters; of evidenca that the myth of the American mere fact that a woman comes from an Limit the amount of federal money which family, and the great value that we place on affluent family ls no assurance that she has any one shelter may receive within one year our childr·en as "our most important re­ access to financial resources. from Title XX. source", is at best a myth, and at worst a In visiting shelters in middle class com- This legislation will serve as an important cruel lie. munities, I have found that some affluent supplement to the Domestic Violence bills we In over three years of work on children women have an aversion to coming to the are considering today. Hopefully, the testl­ and family issues-foster care, adoption, nu­ shelter proper. However, these women do use mony we will hear during these next two days trition, education, health, and now domestic the hotlln.es to call the shelter staff for ad- of hearings wm provide us with tbe ground­ violence--! can only conclude that the vlce and counselling. work on which we can move swiftly to enact American family ls in the midst of a pro­ Another myth ls that we should not pro- these programs and provide much-needed found and frightening crisis. Ironically, I vlde aid to male victims of abuse. There ts federal assistance to these shelters and the have learned, domestic violence ls most likely quite a bit of evidence that men a.re victims people who so badly need the services they t,o occur at times when the family is spend­ of domestic abuse, although they are (as provlde.e ing substantial amounts of time together­ many women have been) embarrassed or re- durlng holidays, on weekends. luctant to admit to it. One woman victim The police have told me that domestic told me that male victims of abuse do not turn up in shelters, but in morgues. "If I'm STATEMENT ON PANAMA CANAL disputes are one of the three most frequent TREATIES APPLAUDED calls they receive, and the one they most going to go after my husband," she said, "I'm dread, because the incidence of police deaths not going to slap him. I'm going to be sure due to intervention in domestic disputes ls he can·t come back at me" Police have con­ the highest of any police action. Yet, al­ firmed that, in cases of male abuse, the in­ jury ls more often a gunshot wound than a HON. ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO though the police have been aware of the OF CALIFORNIA extent of the problem for so long, ther.a are black eye. very few alternatives open for treatment. Regardless of the issue of who ls abused, it IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ts obvious that abuse lllustrates severe prob­ Under state and local laws, police responses Monday, March 20, 1978 are often severely restricted, and the issu­ lems within the whole family, and the evi­ ance of a warrant for assault ls not possible dence is that the whole family suffers. Re­ e Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Speaker, on given the available evidence. search illustrates that an abu~lve spouse is March 6, 1978, our colleague from Cali­ likely to be an abusive parent, and that the Often, the polic.~ tell me, they have neither child who witnesses or experiences abuse ls fornia, Mr. LEGGETT, sent to all the Mem­ the resources or the time tG spend with the llkEllY to become an abuser in later life. In bers of Congress a copy of his statement complaining party, which results in allega­ addition, given the fa.ct that so many victims concerning the environmental impact of tions that the police·are "insensitive" or cav­ of s.buse do return to their spouse, we must the Panama Canal treaties on the Canal alier about complaints of domestic violence. recognize the need to provide remedial coun­ Zone. I would like, at this time, to com­ A related point which I think should be selling to the abuser, as well as to the pliment my colleague on his fine state­ made concerns the personal problems of abused. many police officers in dealing with this ment. In addition to providing money for the I problem. From my conversations and from establishment and the maintenance of shel­ was most disturbed over many of the reading, I have learned that the emotional ters, there are several other points which I problems presented in the statement. The problems associated with high-stress police would like to make about legislation on this Carter administration has already work often mitigate against an officer being issue: usurped the constitutional right of the able to serve the counselling function ex­ 1) We must bring about a large measure House to vote on the transfer of U.S. pected of him or her. Interestingly, the of coordination among various federal pro­ property. It now appears that the execu­ related problems of alcohol abuse, family grams which ml.y touch on this issue. LEAA, tive branch has prepared an inadequate arguments and high divorce levels which HUD, HEW, the Child Abuse Center, and are associated with domestic violence are environmental impact statement as re­ other agencies have been developing or op­ quired by the National Environmental also unusually frequent in many police era.ting related programs already, and we forces. should be careful not to duplicate past ef­ Policy Act. The major responsibility of dealing with forts with the limited funds we have avail­ The environmental implications of the domestic violence, therefore. should fall to able. canal treaties have not received adequate March 20, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7697 attention. I strongly urge my colleagues WHO BEARS THE TAX BURDEN? Adjusted gross income reported on all tax to carefully study Mr. LEGGETT's informa­ returns rose from $632 billion in 1970 to $948 tive statement.• billion in 1975, or 50 percent, according to HON. ELLIOTT H. LEVITAS' Tax Foundation. During the same period the OF GEORGIA average tax per return increased from $1,415 to $2,020, or 43 percent. The difference be­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tween the change in AGI and average tax THE 60TH ANNIVERSARY OF BYELO­ Monday, March 20, 1978 reflects primarily sharp increases in the RUSSIAN INDEPENDENCE e.mount claimed under the standard deduc­ • Mr. LEVITAS. Mr. Speaker. it has tion-$32 billion in 1970 and $101 billion in long been my contention that the person 1975, a rise of over 200 percent. Itemized HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI who bears the heaviest relative burden dividual income taxes pa.id increased. from OF ll.LINOIS of the Federal income tax bill in this $88 blilion to $122 billion, or 38 percent; per­ sonal exemptions rose 25 percent, from $128 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES country is the "middle-income" tax­ payer. As the cost of running the country billion to $159 billion. Monday, March 20, 1978 Still other comparisons: total Federal in­ goes up, both in real dollars and inflated dividual income taxes paid increased from e Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, as I dollars, the largest portion of those extra $84 billion in 1970 to $125 billion in 1975, or have in the past, I wish to direct special dollars comes from this middle-income 49 percent, but the number on whom the attention of the Members to the com­ group. burden of paying taxes fell increased only 5 memoration of Byelorussia's Independ­ The Tax Foundation, a nonpartisan percent, from 59 million to 62 million. ence Day. Sixty years ago, on March 25, research organization, has interpreted The Mid-Session Review of the 1978 Budg­ 1918, the Byelorussian people proclaimed recent ms statistics of income-how et estimates individual income taxes at $158 their independence from Communist much different income groups pay in billion in fiscal year 1977 and $178 billion in Russia and declared the autonomy of the taxes-and has discovered that the fiscal 1978. Byelorussian Democratic Republic. The middle-income taxpayer is in fact foot­ PERCENT OF TOTAL TAXES PAID BY HIGH· AND LOW-INCOME Soviet Government retaliated almost im­ ing the largest portion of the bill. I would TAXPAYERS, 1970 AND 1975 mediately, annulling that spark of free­ like to share the results of the Founda­ dom by creating the Byelorussian Soviet tion research with my colleagues, be­ Income level Percent of tax paid Socialist Republic and cementing it with­ cause I think they are important for us Adjusted gross in the ironfisted grasp of the U.S.S.R. to be aware of as we undertake new tax income class 1970 1975 1970 1975 However, that fierce desire to be free legislation in this session of Congress. remains in the hearts and minds of the Is it fair to continue to sock it to these Highest 1 percent.. ••• 1 $43, 249 I $59, 338 17. 6 18. 7 same people and groups? Are we creat­ Highest 5 percent..... 1 20, 861 I 29, 272 34.1 36.6 people of Byelorussia. Despite the con­ Highest 10 percent.... 1 16, 965 I 23, 420 45.0 48. 7 tinuous oppression imposed upon them ing disincentives to this productive seg­ Highest 25 percent.. . . 1 11, 467 I 15, 898 68.3 72. 0 ment of our society? When we talk of Highest 50 percent.... 1 6, 919 I 8, 931 89 . .7 92. 9 by the Russian Communist regime, the Lowest 50 percent... . 2 6, 918 2 8, 930 10.3 7.1 Byelorussians have at every opportunity, "tax relief," shouldn't these people be Lowest 25 percent... . 2 3, 157 2 4, 044 .9 .4 sought to restore their national identity the recipients of some relief rather than Lowest 10 percent... . 2 1, 259 2 1, 527 . .1 . 1 as a sovereign state, free from the forces the bearers of additional burdens? of ComLmnist domination and control. I off er for the RECORD the report of the 1 Or more. At the end of World War II, the All­ Tax Foundation at this point: 2 Or less. Byelorussian Congress again convened to TEN PERCENT OF TAXPAYERS PAYING HALF OF Source: Tax Foundation computations are base:! on Internal approve a second proclamation of inde­ U.S. TAX Bn.L Revenue Service, Statistics of lncome. e pendence, but was soon dispersed by the Tax Foundation computations based on Soviet armies. the recently released Statistics of Income of the Treasury Department show that 5 per­ Throughout their history, the _Byelo­ cent of the taxpayers-those with adjusted REV. B. T. NELSON MARKS 50 YEARS russian people have transmitted from gross income of $29,272 or more-paid more IN THE MINISTRY generation to generation their national than one-third of the total personal income identity through their cultural achieve­ taxes collected by the Federal government ments language and rich heritage. The In 1975. The top 10 percent of ta.xpayers­ HON. LOUIS STOKES those earning $23,420 or more-picked up knowledge of what it is to be free and OF OHIO the determination for this renewed free­ the tab for nearly half the total tax bill. dom continues to inspire these valiant Similarly, taxpayers with AGI of $15,898 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES people in their dream of restoring their or more, representing one-fourth of all tax­ Monday, March 20, 1978 payers, footed 72 percent of total tax Ua­ homeland as an independent nation. bil1ties. In contrast, the lowest 25 percent • Mr. STOKES. Mr. Speaker, I rise on It is mdeed an unfortunate develop­ of taxpayers contributed less than 1 percent this occasion to bring to your attention ment that the Byelorussian people. whose of total income taxes paid; the bottom 50 and to the attention of my colleagues in heritage is so rich in traditions of democ­ percent accounted for only 7 percent of tax the U.S. House of Representatives, one racy, live under the oppressive rule of collections. of the leading ministers in the greater the Soviet Government. As we commemo­ Although much has been said about high­ Cleveland, Ohio, area, the Rev. B. T. rate their independence of 1918, we high­ income taxpayers with little or no tax liabil­ Nelson. light this day as a symbol of the national ity, the latest Statistics of Income showed that the 1,149 taxpayers earning $1,000,000 For 50 years, Reverend Nelson has aspiration of the Byelorussian people for or more in 1975 pa.id an average tax of been a devoted minister of the Gospel. their sovereignty and self-determination. $1.011,317. The total tax paid by these few Thirty of those years have been spent We also command and acknowledge the high-income taxpayers added up to $1.15 in Cleveland as the pastor of the Mt. courage of the Byelorussian people. billion. Nebo Baptist Church at 12701 Superior Now more than ever, when human, Moreover, a.s shown in th~ accompanying Avenue in East Cleveland. During these national, religious rights are actively de­ table, the relative she.re of the tax burden years, Reverend Nelson has been a f ended throughout the world, but are taken by upper income taxpayers has been increl.sing. For instance, the highest 10 per­ source of inspiration and guidance to subject to flagrant violations that occur cent paid 45.0 percent of total taxes in 1970 his parishioners and to the community in Communist countries in Eastern Eu­ but their burden had increased to 48.7 per­ at large. He is a member of numerous rope, including Byelorussia, this com­ cent by 1975. The she.re of the upper 25 per­ civic and social welfare organizations memoration gains additional significance. cent went up from 68.3 percent in 1970 to including the Urban League of Cleve­ Through this annual observance on be­ 72.0 percent in 1975. At the same t ime, the land, the NAACP, Hough Area Devel­ half of the Byelorussian people, I trust Emall proportion paid by taxpayers in the opment -Corporation, and the 21st Con­ that we can help reassure those brave lower income brackets shrunk to even smaller gressional Caucus. In addition, he is a.n people whose human rights and cultural percentage::; over the 1970-1975 period. In addition, several million taxpayers disap­ &ctive leader in the Baptist Church both heritage are held captive, that they will peared from the tax rolls altogether as a locally and nationally. Some of these continue to receive our -encouragement result of legislative changes benefiting those religious organizations include the Na­ and recognition for their paramount goal with lower incomes during the period 1970- tional Baptist Convention of the USA, of self-determination.• 1975. the National Baptist BTU and Sunday 7698 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 20, 1978 School Congre!s, the Ohio State Baptist SHE SERVES WHERE SHE'S NEEDED The haves resent the have-nots, she said, "and it's hurting us." Convention, the Progressive Baptist "We're just living in a, I don't know what District Association, the Greater Cleve­ kind of world it is." Mrs. Rose said, "but it's land Interchurch Council, the Baptist HON. HERBERT E. HARRIS II got to change. Pastors' Council of Cleveland and Vi­ OF VIRGINIA "This seems to be an age where people cinity, the East Cleveland Ministerial really don't care. It's become something of a Alliance, and the Interdenominational IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sadistic world," the Alexandrian continued. Ministers Alliance. Monday, March 20, 1978 "People can hurt your heart, they can hurt your body and they just don't care." Mr. Speaker, on Saturday evening, •Mr.HARRIS. Mr. Speaker, so often in Mrs. Rose thinks that it is up to today's April 1, 1978, the members of Mt. Nebo civic life we will see a community be­ young people to implement changes in so­ Church will hold a testimonial banquet come something different-something ciety "so that we can get back to values, in honor of Reverend Nelson to cele­ special. The streets may look the same as because polarization is taking hold of our brate his 50 years in the ministry. To other communities, the homes may ap­ country again." commemorate this event, Mr. Speaker, pear the same---even the people. But, the Regardless of what they do to her, Mrs. I would like to ask that my colleagues Rose said, she can't hate people. She recalled community is different. The people care that her father had a great love for people join me in extending our congratula­ for one another; and, therefore, do for and often told her of the good that he en­ tions to Reverend Nelson and the mem­ one another. Problems are not "ac­ countered during his life. bers of the Mt. Nebo Baptist Church on cepted," they are challenged. "My father, the late L.H. Bailey, was a this auspicious occasion. It gives me What causes that difference? Usually, slave," she added. great inspiration to see a church com­ one or two people who are special be­ Originally sold in Dranesville, her father munity as strong and full of faith as cause of a unique gift of commitment. was taken to Texas, where he worked until Mt. Nebo's. Reverend Nelson is to be freed at the age of 21. In Alexandria, Virginia, Annie Rose is Bailey then searched until he found his commended for a job well done.• such a person. Her philosophy is direct mother in a house on the corner of Queen and profound: "I serve where I'm and Alfred streets in Alexandria. needed." He soon found a Job laying track for the I would like to share with my col­ railroad line being built between Washington DISSENT WITH CIVILITY leagues a recent article in The Alex­ and Richmond, Mrs. Rose said, but like most andria Gazette, which tells us a little former slaves, Bailey was not content. He was eager to learn. On his lunch break more about Annie Rose- and about our­ he would see newspapers lying around and HON. NEWTON I. STEERS, JR. selves. wish that he could read them. Somehow, she The article fallows: said. he knew that he wonld learn one day. OF MARYLAND (From the Alexandria Gazette, Mar. 17, 1978) Bailey was right. While he looked yearn­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES AN ALEXANDRIAN "You CAN'T HELP LOVING" ingly at the newspapers, one of the other Monday, March 20, 1978 (By Beverly A. Moses) employees, a white man, was watching him. Finally, the man came to him one day and • Mr. STEERS. Mr. Speaker, when pas­ Debbie Brown of the Alexandria Urban offered to spend his lunchtime teaching sions run high during debates such as League describes the 83-year-old Alexandrian Bailey to read. those on the Panama Canal treaties as someone you have to love. Later, Bailey met others who were im­ Anne Rose, she said is always running pressed with his eagerness to learn. which are largely centered in the other around doing something for somebody. body, at present, we may lose our "Finally, he ran into a real philanthropist," Currently a member of the United Way, .Mrs. Rose said. patience, our good humor, our "cool." the League of Women Voters, the Golden Age "That man w.as so impressed that he got in With the thought that we Americans Club, the Crunch Bunch and numerous other touch with an organization who later sent can use all the cool we can get, I submit volunteer organizations, Mrs. Rose believes my father to Whalen Seminary." the following copies of letters, the first that "two things stand out in a person's life "This is why I hesitate when people say of which was on the stationery of the and they are love and service." that I've done things," Mrs. Rose said. "I Manchester (N.H.) Union Leader. which She said her volunteer activities have been haven't done anything." features the slogan, "There Is Nothing aimed at getting senior citizens "out and in­ When her father was graduated with an So Powerful as Truth": volved in the community," but she is espe­ education degree, Mrs. Rose said, "he gradu­ cially interested in the housing problems in ated in one boot and one shoe. Representativ.e MILLICENT H. FENWI:::K, Alexandria. "Later he told me he wasn't ashamed House of Representatives, 'although they laughed at me,'" she said. Washington, D .C. Formerly on the Commission for the .Aging, Mrs. Rose was one of those responsible for the Bailey later founded the Greater Zion DEAR CONGRESSWOMAN FENWICK: You will Baptist Church in Occoquan and also not like the enclosed front page editorial, creation of the Senior Citizens Employment and Services of Alexandria, Inc. More re­ founded a school there, Mrs. Rose said. He but this is how I see it. · asked the father of another Alexandrian, Regarding the situation on the Panama cently, City Manager Douglas Harman asked Mrs. Rose to serve on the Alexandria Eco­ Helen Da.y, to come and teach music. Canal, you know what the polls indicate and "Then people were eager to learn," Mrs. you are not only voting against it but you nomic Opportunities Commission. Mrs. Rose has openly criticized officials who Rose said. are also throwing away a great political issue The recent recipient of the Alexandria and are handing it to the Democrats on a she thought were in positions to do some­ thing about present minority housing prob­ Chamber of Commer.ce George Washington silver platter. Leadership Medal and the Urban League Stupider than that you couldn't be. lems but failed to do so. She is particularly Regards, disturbed now about the Alfred Street dwell­ Award for her humanitarian activities, Mrs. ers who are being forced to move out of their Rose tries to help others in any way she can. WILLIAM LoEB, She was the first recipient of the Woman President. homes so that the houses can be rebuilt and resold, she said. of the Month Award given by the Alexandria Commission on the Status of Women for Mr. WILLIAM LOEB, Mrs. Rose said she herself was a.lmost a her voluntary efforts to improve human President, Union Leader Corp., victim of the urban renewal redevelopment rights. Manchester, N.H. project now going on in the city. rt was the Mrs. Rore also ·donates her time to the DEAR MR. LoEB: Thank you very much for decision by local officials to preserve Old YWCA, to Church Women United and to the Town that saved her old Duke Street house. your letter. I was impressed by your banner­ Manassas Educational Association. She Wll.S line: "There ls nothing so powerful as Although she was almost forced to move the first black woman to serve as president truth." out of Alexandria, Mrs. Rose said it wasn't of the Women's Civic Club of Alexandria, as There ls nothing so convincing as by choice that she moved here in 1943. delegate to a Virginia state Democratic con­ accuracy. Living in Occoquan at the time, she was vention and on the local chapter of the There is nothing so winning as courtesy. renting a house in Alexandria to a man who League of Women Voters. There ls nothing more desirable in our used the house for purposes she didn't ap­ Her husband, William H. Rose, died in plural society, under bur Constitution, than prove of. Mrs. Rose sought a court order to 1941 and Mrs. Rose said she doesn't have the practice of dissent with civility. remove him from the premises and was told any living family except a brother in Wash­ Each one of us is entitled to his or her that she would have to move in i! the man ington. opinion, and you may be surprised to know was forced to move out. With time on her hands, Mrs. Rose isn't that I was delighted-though not sur­ "People ask me why r worry about these waiting for young people to act before doing prised-to learn about yours. things," she said, "but something has got to what she can to change this world, a world Sincerely, be done." she describes as being "in a terrible confu­ MILLICENT FENWICK, Mrs. Rose believes that people are just not sion." Member of Congress.e concerned enough about people. "I serve where I'm needed," she said.e March 20, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7699 CONNECTICUT'S VOICE OF port. Candidates are always eager for vol­ tourists-all young politicians of varying ex­ DEMOCRACY WINNER unteers and I have the responsibility to perience and background-clamber off the support those candidates who I believe can bus and walk to a small platform, passing a best serve my community and my nation. little souvenir stand. They climb the 10 or America has always needed great leaders 15 steps in a brisk wind. At the top, the HON. ROBERT N. GIAIMO and great heroes. While I may never be a chattering stops. OF CONNECTICUT great leader or hero I can help preserve an How stark The Wall, so near-almost with­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES America that can produce leaders and heroes. in reach. The grassy field known as no-man's Should I choose to marry and have a family, land. The second wall hundreds of yards Monday, March 20, 1978 I owe it to America and myself to choose my away, just at the edge of government build­ • Mr. GIAIMO. Mr. Speaker, for 20 spouse with care and to raise my children ings. The guardhouse 30 to 40 feet in the air. in a healthy atmosphere, to see to it that The guards can see us. They have no choice years the Veterans of Foreign Wars have they have the best possible health care. I but to see tourists gawking at their death­ been associated with the Voice of should teach my children right from wrong watch all day, every day. What a.re they Democracy Scholarship program, which and lnstlll in them a love of their country thinking?--Surely they know what we are this year involved a quarter million high and pride in their American heritage. I thinking. Surely they are ashamed. school students. They vied to win this should show them the responslb111ty they After a few mo men ts of silence, the young speaking contest in their respective have toward America. As the family ls the guide points to a small rise in the green States. This year's contest theme was basic unit of America we must use the family field. "That's where Hitler's chancellery to see to it that the next generation of was." But it's only a hillock now. The Wall "My Responsibility to America." Many Americans ls capable of continuing America's is today. of us in adult life do not reflect often on greatness. We don't want to le::1.ve. We've not yet the matchless virtues of being an Ameri­ America has produced snme of the great reached the depth of emotion we can sense can, but our youth often weigh these m111ta.ry heroes of all time. Yet not all is in us. It ls as if our standing there looking values and do it very eloquently. Americans are expected to become m111tary and feeling can somehow help the people who Thus, I am happy to inform you that leaders. While I may not pursue a lifelong must be over there somewhere. I! that's all tho winner of the Connecticut State con­ career in the m111tary, I must be wllling to we can do, we want at least to stay and do test this year was David C. Cullison, a bear arms to protect my country. As one who that much. cherishes the American way of life it ls But three more groups are waiting. And we student at Guilford High School in Guil­ my responsib111ty to defend America. It is not lumber down the steps, a little hesitantly, ford, Conn. "Cully" Cullison plans to enough to love the liberty that America of­ drifting off in thought, then wanting to be pursue a career as a political scientist fers, I must be willing to fight to see that together, looking around for each other, and is the chairman of his school chap­ future generations of Americans have these vlstlng the souvenir stand with thoughts of ter of the Young Americans for Freedom, same liberties. As General Douglas Mac­ how crass was its existence and, arriving, mirroring talents that he displays in Arthur said, "Only those Americans who are realizing that here was not simply an array of his speech. willing to die for their country are fit to Souvenir of Berlin keychains but an arsenal live." of truth: poignant posters of black and white It is a real pleasure to include Cully's The responsib111ties outlined above may photos taken at The Wall books about it, contest-winning speech in the RECORD seem commonplace beside the heroics of post cards of it, items to help us tell others and to bid him well in his future career: these few who have become the great men what cannot be adequately expressed. MY RESPONSIBILITY TO AMERICA and women of American history, they are We have now seen The Wall. And it wlll (By David C. Cullison) by no means easy to fulfill. Despite the fact never be the same. For in speaking of it and living with its memory, we do more to help On contemplating one's responsib111ty to that they are difficult they can be fulfilled by virtually all Americans. They are indeed the people over there than simply standing America, many people tend to become over­ and looking and feeling. Each of us 23 awed by the feeling of thankfulness that the heroics of the many unnamed people who are the backbone of America. If I and Americans will do our part to dismantle every American should have for being a citi­ that wall, stone by stone.e zen of the nation that provides her people all my fellow Americans fulfill these re­ with a greater combination of political free­ sponsiblllties, the continuance of Amer­ dom and economic prosperity than any other ica's greatness would be secure.e nation on earth. There are thoze who call to A TRIBUTE TO MR. AL GAZVODA mind the great heroes of America's past when thinking of their responsibility to HON. PHILIP E. RUPPE America, yet one's responsibility to America THE BERLIN W AL!r-A SOBERING is not just the willingness to perform great SCENE OF MICHIGAN deeds should the _opportunity come one's IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES way. The responsibility each and every Monday, March 20, 1978 American has to their nation is to do the HON. LARRY McDONALD simple things in their day to day life that OF GEORGIA e Mr. RUPPE. Mr. Speaker, later this will insure the continuance of American month, Al Gazvoda, who is a good friend greatness. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and outstanding employee of the Mich­ America is a country of great prosperity. Monday, March 20, 1978 However, for American prosperity to con­ igan Emplayment Security Commission, tinue, the American worker must be produc­ • Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, as a will be retiring after 40 years of service tive .. Should I become a businessman I culmination of being unable to convince to the State. Al has compiled a remark­ must be willing to do my best to produce the the East Germans that Marxism was the able record of achievements through­ best possible product. Should I be::ome a wave of the future, the East German out his career, and we in the copper worker I must try to work more efficiently Government, with the aid of the U.S.S.R., country are especially proud of his con­ and effectively than anyone else. No matter tributions to the State. The Michigan how humble my job may be, if I can leave erected the wall of Berlin in 1961. This my work each day and say, "I have done my was designed to prevent the brain and Legislature in Lansing has recognized best," then I have contributed to America's population drain from East Germany as him for his work, and I am honored to greatness. well as the propaganda embarrassment bring to the attention of my colleagues American cherishes the great statement of that accompanied it. Last year, Penney the legislative resolution which cites our history. Yet it is not the responsiblllty of Pullen, a State representative from some of the highlights of Al's decades every American to become a political leader. Illinois, visited this "wall of shame" and of work for the people of Michigan: None the less, I, as a citizen, do have the it made a deep impression on her as well Whereas, it has come to the attention of responsibility to American democracy. the Michigan Legislature that one of Michi­ Statistics show that only two-thirds of those it should all free people. She rePorted her impressions in the Park Ridge Herald gan's leading state employees, Albert J. Gaz­ eligible to register as voters do so, and only voda, district supervisor with the Michigan a little more than half of those registered on October 13, 1977. I commend her Employment Security Commission, will re­ actually vote. column to the attention of my colleagues: tire this month after nearly 40. years of Democracy can only. survive where the THE BERLIN WALL--A SOBERING SCENE meritorious service to the citizens of this spirit is held dear. It is my responsibility to I have now seen The Wall, and I'll never state; and America to register and to vote regularly. be the s9..ffie. Whereas, employment problems and job While I may not become a great political A peaceful wall built by pe!I.Ceful soldiers to development have been his long time voca­ leader, if I study local and national issues, keep the happy citizens of East Berlin secure tions, having joined the National Re-em­ I can follow the candidates' positions on in their prosperous paradise. And beyond, ployment Service in 1935 and then the these issues, and therefore vote more wisely. a peaceful expanse of lush green grass, Michigan State Unemployment Commission It is simple to become even more involved adorning a peaceful minefield. in 1938; and in the democratic process by volunteering It is chilling. It is shocking. It is inhuman. Whereas, he compiled an impressive rec­ my services to the candidates whom I sup- The 23 laughing, sightseeing American ord in attracting industries, job saving gov- CXXIV--485-Part 6 7700 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 20, 1978 ernment contracts, a.nd training programs VICE PRESIDENT MONDALE SPEAKS And people count, all of us count, 1f we to Michigan's Upper Peninsula; and AT JOINT CENTER FOR POLITICAL care to, in American life today. And what Whereas, during World War II he was re­ STUDIES DINNER ls special about this Joint Center ls that on sponsible for German prisoners of war as­ a wholly bipartisan basis, with a highly signed to the Upper Peninsula to work on skilled staff, modestly-too modestly fund­ war manpower programs thereby aiding the HON. CHARLES C. DIGGS, JR. ed-this center perceived the enormity and nation's war effort; and potential of the developments that were Whereas, he demonstrated a great abillty OF MICHIGAN underway a.nd has done as much good to in coming to grips with a variety of serious IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES help this process along, to help new political problems and in the cultivation of good Monday, March 20, 1978 officers being elected at all levels of govern­ working relations between the Michigan ment, by way of communicating with each Employment Security Commission and the • Mr. DIGGS. Mr. Speaker, on March 9, other, by way of providing technical assist­ community; and at the first annual dinner given by the ance and qualified, and has contributed in Whereas, in 1973 he was named the Upper Joint Center for Political Studies here a. profound way to not only the momentum Peninsula Man of the Year by community but the quality of progress that has been business leaders for his efforts to improve in Washington, D.C., Vice President MONDALE spoke to the assembled crowd underway. And I am enormously proud to be employment in that region; and here tonight with you to help this effort Whereas, in 1975 he was cited by Northern of thousands about his own perceptions a.long. Michigan University when he was named and views on b~ack progress in the polit­ There is so much more that needs to be recipient of the President's Award for Dis­ ical life of our Nation. The very dis­ done. One thing I hope we can do in this tinguished Citizenship for his contributions tinguished members of the audience, Congress-I don't know if we can-ls to to the training of unemployed individuals from every sector of political, economic pass a. system of public financing for con­ in the Upper Peninsula; and and social life, was greatly moved by his gressional elections. We passed it -for the Whereas, in April of this year he will re­ Presidency. ceive Hancock's Suomi College Award for remarks, and I would like to share them with my colleagues in the House: It ls still the case that, although every­ his contributions to education and com­ one has one vote in American life, thank munity participation which led to oppor­ ADDRESS BY VICE PRESIDENT God, if they v.ish to exercise it, that it is tunities for individuals desiring higher edu­ WALTER P. MONDALE cation; and still possible to amass vast quantities of President Eddie Wlllia.ms, Chairman Louis money and, through the use of it, to have Whereas, he was the longest acting dis­ Martin, Editor Oliver Cromwell, Vice Presi­ trict supervisor in the history of the Mich­ a. disproportionate influence, contrary to the dent Eleanor Farrar, la.dies a.nd gentlemen: fundamental principles of American democ­ igan Employment Security Commission; and It is a. privilege to join with you tonight Whereas, he ls representative of those who racy; and in some of the worst cases, to have for this great event. I can't help thinking in to make sordid compromises to boot. are not only concerned about but also ac­ these surroundings how fa.r we have come tively involved in alleviating the employ­ We still have a long way to go, and we are in a. short time. As Ed (Senator Edward beginning to make progress in bringing de­ ment problems of Michigan's Upper Penin­ Brooke) points out, there is so much further sula. now therefore be it mocracy to the nation's Capital. We elect that we must go, and yet one cannot help local officers, but although the District of Resolved by the Senate (the House of but be enormously impressed by the pro­ Representatives concurring). That the Columbia's population exceeds, I think, some found changes in public life in this country 20 states in the Union. the citizens of this Michigan Legislature accord Albert J. Gaz­ that have come over this nation in the la.st voda its highest tribute in recognition of community cannot elect a. voting Member of 10 to 15 years. the House and cannot even elect an observer his many years of distinguished a.nd dedi­ This organization, those of you at this cated public service and extend to him best to the United States Senate. head table and in this room, have been a.t the The District of Columbia. has many prob­ wishes for a. happy a.nd rewarding future; forefront of all of those fundamental reforms a.nd be it further lems, but as Senator Fauntroy-was telling in American life that have been won a.t such me the other day, what we need ls one of us Resolved, That a. copy of this tribute be great cost-sometimes at the loss of life it­ transmitted to Albert J. Ga.zvoda. in testi­ in the Senate. self-as this nation has begun to rendezvous We made great progress in the House the mony to the high regard in which he is held with its conscience a.nd place its principles by the Michigan Leglsla.ture.e other day, with the help of the labor move­ and its practices on the same plane. ment, civil rights movement, everyone at This past few weeks it was my heavy re­ this table, a.nd we can do the same in the sponsibility, along with so many of yours, to Senate, right after the Panama Canal Treaties participate in a. funeral of one of the great are ratified. ABDUCTION OF ALDO MORO exuberant, ever-present, always committed We need to act favorably on the President's CONDEMNED chamnions of human rights, Hubert sweeping proposals to reform the govern­ Humphrey. mental structure for the enforcement of civil I think it caused us a.11 to think of the rights at the Federal level. Today the struc­ time we shared with him, and that is what ture of civil rights enforcement is spread a.11 HON. ANDREW MAGUIRE I did. And I must say I doubt that there over the Federal Government, so many offices OF NEW JERSEY ha.s been any period in American history that it defies any kind of rational enforce­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRF.sENTATIVES where more people saw the issues more ment policy. clearly. fought more courageously and ef­ We have made a thorough, in-depth study Monday, March 20, 1978 fectively, and achieved more fundamental of what is needed simply to enforce the Fed­ reforms in law and in outlook than was ac­ • Mr. MAGUIRE. Mr. Speaker, I rise in eral laws and regulations that are now in compll~hed during the 10 and 15 years when existence. This proposal ls the product of support of House Resolution 1082, which he was in his ascendancy. expresses the sense of the American peo­ sweeping study. consultation, and a direct I went to the funeral the other day of result of doing exactly what Eleanor Holmes ple that the abduction of former Italian "Chapple" James. Coleman Young and Norton told us to do. And we think it ought Prime Minister Aldo Moro was an act Charlie Diggs and so on were together with to be approved, and we hope the Congress which demands international condem­ him in the Tuskegee Air Corps experiment will quickly ratify the President's proposals nation. in World Wa.r II when the question was on reorganization of the civil rights effort in whether a. black could fly. That was the Federal structure. Running a ruthless campaign of po­ kind of questions they were asking, unbe­ litical terror in Italy, the urban guerrilla We need to know that elimination of dis­ lievably, in those days. crimination ls not enough. We cannot escape group Red Brigades has disgusted the Today those changes are profound and the truth that a ghetto looks no different entire world. They have kidnaped the thorough. We passed the Civil Rights Act, from the front of a bus, and we need to have former Italian Prime Minister, and in which they said was unpassable. We stuck not only justice in law but in life. And this so doing, murdered without mercy or with the one man/one vote principle, and requires a. continuing, all-out, unremitting conscience, five of his aides. we sometimes forget there was massive policy of full employment in this country. pressure to amend that and destroy that It must involve this year the adoption of This politically motivated, death­ principle in American law. the Humphrey-Hawkins legislation. wielding abduction is a horror to the We passed tb.e Voting Rights Act and There is much else that needs to be done. Italian people, to Italian democracy, to passed the Fair Housing Act and a range of We have passed a beginning youth employ­ humanity, and to the very concept of other legislation of that kind that began ment bill. Now, there are things we can freedom. the long march toward the elimination of do in this country by way of macro-economic Cold-blooded terrorism has no place in official discrimination and to the clothing growth, and I am glad to say that Reg Jones national or international relations. I with power of every citizen in this country. is one of the growth people in this country. support fully arid absolutely my col­ Evaryone has their favorite law, but my There are many things that we can do, but favorite one is the Voting Rights Act, for a. we have learned enough to know that we also league Representative PETER RonINo's simple reason. I have met a lot of dumb need special programs to go particularly to resolution of condemnation of these pollticla.ns in my life, but I never met a the young people of this country a.nd par­ scornful events in Italy.• successful one who couldn't count. ti9l!lifly the minority youth, who are stand- March 20, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7701 lng a.round the center cities of this country DRUG ABUSE OFFICE AND TREAT­ specting programmatic expenditures for by the hundreds of thousands, week after MENT AMENDMENTS OF 1978 drug abuse activities authorized under week a.nd month after month a.nd year after year, utterly destroying a.ny sense of self­ that section. worth or hope; days a.nd yea.rs in which they HON. PAUL G. ROGERS , The proposed legislation also hd­ never have a. Job, they never learn a. sklll, they dresses an area of concern regarding re­ never feel good a.bout themselves. And OF FLORIDA ports to Congress under Reorganization whether it ls in the ending yea.rs of a. poor IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Plan No. l. Section 223 of the Drug Abuse school or the endless days in the street, every Monday, March 20, 1978 Office and Treatment Act requires the minute of their lives they a.re reminded that Director of ODAP to submit an annual they a.re a. failure. e Mr. ROGERS. Mr. Speaker, today I report to the President and Congress on This nation cannot afffford to pa.y that am introducing the Drug Abuse Office drug abuse polic.> and agency coordina­ cost. It ls the most expensive bill that this and Treatment Amendments of 1978, a country ls paying today. tion objectives, activities, and accom­ bill to extend for 1 year the authoriza­ plishments. Section 405(b) of the act re­ Someone once said, "Our young people tions of appropriations for the National make up something like 40 percent of our quires the Secretary of HEW to submit population, but they make up 100 percent of Institute on Drug Abuse under the Drug an annual report to the Director of our future." Abuse Office and Treatment Act. These ODAP on new methods of drug abuse We have pa.ssed a. Youth Employment Act. authorizations are due to expire Sep­ treatment and rehabilitation, their im­ It ls beginning now in some of our major tember 31, 1978. cities, beginning to make a. difference. But plementation and effectiveness in com­ Last July the President transmitted munity programs, and administrative I don't think we should stop until every to the Congress Reorganizatton Plan No. young person in this country who needs a. and legislative recommendations re­ Job a.nd needs training gets this as a matter 1, calling in part for the abolishment of specting such methods and programs for of right and can be a part of this country. the Office of Drug Abuse policy. At that inclusion in the "section 223 ODAP" re­ We must _continue _to work with the ~lftelicy effectiven~ of experimental methods and programs implemented in carrying out such We need to have a system of na.tlona.l and coordinating system fn the EOP, I am proposing legisrati.on which provides functions, recommendations for implementa­ insurance in this country. And there ls much tion of such methods a.nd programs by others more that needs to be done. You are a part for a 1-year extension of the authori­ in cruTylng out their drug abuse prevention of every one of these efforts. ties under the Drug Abuse Office and Roosevelt once said that "Governments can functions, and a description and evaluation Treatment Act of 1972, to permit their of the effectiveness of the means used to err, governments can make mistakes, but the timely review by the Congress next year. Divine Leader measures the sins of the cold­ disseminate information respecting such blooded and the sins of the warm-hearted This will provide the EOP the opportu­ methods a.nd programs, and on different scales. Better the occasional sin nity to demonstrate its proposed drug { 5) proposals for changes in the drug of a government operating in the splrlt of abuse p~licy system to the Congress so abuse prevention functions carried out by charity than the sins of a government frozen that the Congress can objectively deter­ the Department of Health. Education and in the lee of its own indifference." Welfare (including recomendations for mine whether it should reestablish legislation). That ls what this council ls all about, and ODAP or some comparable entity with­ that ls why I am proud to be with you. I believe that an annual report de­ Thank you very much.e in theEOP. In addition, the proposed legislation scribing DHEW's response to drug abuse authorizes $45 million in fiscal year 1979 will greatly increase the evaluation ca­ PERSONAL EXPLANATION for State drug abuse formula grants un­ pabilities of both the executive branch der section 409 of the act and $177 mil­ and the Congress, provide invaluable in­ lion in fiscal year 1979 for drug abuse formation to those working 3n the drug HON. ELIZABETH HOLTZMAN project grants and contracts under sec­ abuse field, and serve as an additional OF NEW YORK tion 410 of the act. It separates the au­ mechanism by which the effectiveness of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES thorizations under section 410 between the President's drug abuse reorganiza­ Monday, March 20, 1978 those for treatment programs and those tion measures can be gaged. for prevention, demonstration and other The Department of Health, Education, e Ms. HOLTZMAN. Mr. Speaker, I was programs. Specifically it proposes au­ and Welfare has expressed concern over unable to be present for the following thorization levels of $153 :.'Ilillion for the requirement for an annual mari­ votes. If I had been present, I would have treatment programs and $24 million for huana and health report under the Com­ voted as indicated: prevention, demonstration, and other prehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and MARCH 14, 1978 activities under section 410 of the act. Control Act of 1970. The Department has Rollcall 143, "yes," This provision is intended to provide indicated that it has produced this re­ Roll call 148, "yes."• more visibility and accountability re- port for 5 years and that there has been 7702 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 20, 1978 insufficient new information to warrant hold a Sun Day conference in St. Louis proliferation-resistant nuclear tech­ its preparation at such short intervals. with the assistance of many local com­ nologies. I am sympathetic to the concern,voiced panies and organizations which have I insert herewith copies of my cor­ by the Department; however I also be­ agreed to display their solar units and respondence with Secretary Vance, lieve that this report is an important energy conservation materials. It is my along with the letter which Deputy to health document, particularly at a time hope that the success of this venture the Under Secretary Nye sent to the when Federal, State, and local Govern­ will set a precedent for similar confer­ British Foreign Office last December and ment agencies appear to be shifting to­ ences in the future. I urge my colleagues which is referred to by Secretary Vance ward a policy of discouragement of to plan and participate in mutual activi­ as having clearly stated the administra­ marihuana use insead of a policy invok­ ties in acknowledgment of this event­ tions policy: ing severe criminal sanctions against its ful day.e CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, use. I am therefore including in this leg­ Washington, D.C., February 24, 1978. islation an amendment to the Compre­ Hon. CYRUS VANCE, hensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Con­ CORRESPONDENCE WITH SECRE­ Secretary of State, Department of State, trol Act of 1970 which requires this Washington, D.C. TARY VANCE ON BRITISH RE­ DEAR CY: I am writing to express my deep report to be made biannually instead of PROCESSING DECISION concern regarding the recently concluded annually. "Windscale Inquiry" conducted by the Mr. Speaker, the Subcommittee on British government. It has come to my at­ Health and the Environment will be HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM tention that current U.S. policy regarding scheduling hearings and executive ses­ OF NEW YORK the transfer and reprocessing of U.S.-origln sions on this legislation within the next IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES spent nuclear fuel has been misrepresented during the public inquiry into the proposed few weeks in order to report a bill out of Monday, March 20, 1978 the Interstate and Foreign Commerce expansion of the Windscale nuclear fuel re­ Committee by May 15. I urge all my col­ e Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, I re­ processing fac111ty. Should this misunder­ cently contacted Secretary of State standing be allowed to persist, I believe we leagues to support it when it is before Inlght see a course of events unfold which this body.• Vance regarding my concern that U.S. would have the most grave implications for policy on approval for reprocessing of current U.S. antlproliferatlon efforts. our spent nuclear fuel abroad had not I am aware that Deputy Undersecretary been adequately stressed during the re­ Nye wrote the British Foreign Office last cent "Windscale Inquiry" in the United December 19 in an attempt to clarify the SUN DAY Kingdom. At issue in the Windscale de­ U.S. position. However, I fear that efforts to bate is whether or not the United States weaken the impact of this statement have is going to allow U.S.-source spent fuel left U.S. policy open to mischievous mis­ HON. RICHARD A. GEPHARDT lnterpretatio!ls. This fear has been confirmed OF MISSOURI to be transferred from other countries­ by recent reports in the British press indi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES principally Japan-for the extraction cating that the Foreign Office continues to of pure plutonium at the proposed ex­ downplay U.S. concerns over the proposed Monday, March 20, 1978 panded Windscale reprocessing plant. Windscale expan'lion. e Mr. GEPHARDT. Mr .. Speaker, I rise The current U.S. policy regarding such Should the British proceed with approval in support of House Joint Resolution 715 spent fuel transfers is that approval will for the Windscale expansion, our current only be made "on a case-by-case basis policy of approving retransfers of spent fuel proclaiming May 3, 1978, as "Sun Day," for reprocessing only "on a case-by-case passed on March 6. As I am a cosponsor upon a clear showing of vital need". basis upon a clear showing of vital need" of this resolution, it was with deep regret The British Government is presently would be subjected to the most intense that I was not able to be in Washington considering whether to permit expan­ international pressures. In particular, the when it came to a vote. Had I been here, sion of the Windscale reprocessing fa­ U.S. would be hard-pressed to deny retrans­ I would have enthusiastically voted yea. cility; a debate on the question is sched­ fer of U.S.-orlgln spent fuel from Japan to Throughout our country, Federal, lo­ uled to take place in Parliament in the the U.K. for reprocessing, as such transfers cal, and State groups are in the midst of coming weeks. I strongly believe expan­ would be necessary to the commercial vla­ billty of an expanded reprocessing operation planning Sun Day activities to further sion would be most unwise and my pur­ at Wlndscale. emphasize the value of solar energy as a pose in writing Secretary Vance was to Thus, it seems imperative for the U.S. viable alternative to this Nation's energy gain assurance that U.S. policy has been government to strongly restate current pol­ resources. I believe that this is an excel­ clearly put to the British Government icy on spent fuel retransfers. I am concerned lent opportunity to better inform the at the highest levels. I believe the United that such a blunt statement apparently stlll general public in the residential and in­ States should make it very clear to the has not been transmitted at this late hour. dustrial uses of solar energy and empha­ British that our Government is not fav­ The very least it would seem that we could ask of our British allle<1 would be for them size the value this source of energy has orably disposed towards approving to defer com,lderation of the proposed Wlnd­ in securing for us a partial relief from transfers of foreign spent fuel to the scale expansion until conclusion of the our depleting fossil fuels. Windscale plant; this is especially im­ International Nuclear Fuel Cycle Evaluation A major step in the development of portant in view of the fact that the (JNFCE). If we acquiesce now in the ex­ solar energy for home heating began in Windscale plant would be most reliant oanslon of a fac111ty which wlll be designed 1939 when the Massachusetts Institute upon such transfers for its commercial to reprocess large volumes of U.S.-orlgln of Technology built its first solar house. viability. material, we would seriously prejudice the INFCE and would spur renewed interna­ For the first time, solar collectors placed "Purex reprocessing", the technique tional competition for commercialization of on a building's roof gathered sunlight which would be employed at the Wind­ plutonium fuels. A~ su<:h a result would for interior heating. During the next scale plant, was developed to maximize clearly undermine the central alms of U.S. several years, MIT continued to experi­ outputs of pure plutonium for the a.ntlµrollferatlon policy, I strongly urge you ment with different ways to capture the fabrication of nuclear warheads. It is to clarify the U.S. position on Wlndscale sun's heat and store it properly. The di­ completely unacceptable for use in com­ expansion and tb e use of our fuel in such rector of the MIT research team, Dr. mercial nuclear programs. As reproc­ a fal'!illty with all posslb}e dispatch. Hoyt C. Hottel, together with his assist­ essing does little to solve nuclear waste I look forward to hearing from you on this ur!!'e"lt matter. ant, B. B. Woertz, derived an arithmatic disposal problems (it may, in fact com­ With best wishes, formula from the results of different plicate the issue), and since reprocessing Sincerely, solar heating experiments which is today is of dubious cost-effectiveness, I cer­ JONATHAN B. BINGHAM. the basic guide behind the design of solar tainly hope the British Government will units. decide against Windscale expansion. At THE SECRETARY OF STATE, On May 3 we will be honoring their the very least, as I noted in my letter Washington, D.C., March 13. 1978. pioneer work in this area as well as fur­ to Secretary Via.nee, one would hope DEAR JAcK: Thank you for your letter of February 24 ln which you expressed vour con­ thering efforts to convert from nonreusa­ British will defer a decision on the issue cern regarding the British "Wlndscale ble fuels, on which we rely today. so as not to prejudice the on-going in­ Inoulry." To coincide with the planned activities ternational nuclear fuel cycle evalua­ We were informed this week that the In­ throughout our Nation, I am planning to tion which seeks to identify more spector's report on that inquiry had been March 20, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7703 presented to the U.K. Government, which inadequate spent fuel storage capacity, we small sectiou of humankind, but important has decided to defer a final decision until cannot give any assurance that BNFL may members thereof, assembled at this circus after a Parliamentary debate on this subject, count on MB-lOs a.s a matter of course for in recognition of the weakness of our expected later this month. A copy of the feed for a new plant or in support of long­ brother/ sisterhood, do hereby as our first March 6 statement by Peter Shore, Secretary term reprocessing commitments that it may official act in recognition of our membership for the Environment, is enclosed. enter into. in the greater world community. affix our The December 19 letter which Deputy to Finally, as we have noted in each of the names as a sign of our commitment to the the Under Secretary Nye sent to Patrick MB-10 requests involving transfers for re­ establishment of a community of persons Moberly of the U.K. Foreign Office, clearly processing that we have granted in the past and mutually pledge to each other, and to stated the Administration's policy, and our two years, the granting of such requests the world of humankind, our time and en­ views on this subject have not changed. The would be subject to our right of consent over ergy, our hearts and minds. British Foreign Office ha.s both assured us the disposition of the nuclear materials re­ that they clearly understand these views and sulting from such reprocessing. The enclosed In the light of this symbol of unity has made the letter available to the House of excerpt from the Windscale hearings incor­ among the various religious organiza­ Commons. I have discussed the matter with rectly concludes that we are prepared to con­ tions on the University of Cincinnati the Foreign Secretary. sent now to retransfers of such products campus, I think we can see the impor­ With best wishes, after reprocessing which will not take place tance and beneficial results of learning Sincerely, for at least 13 years. The enclosed Depart­ to live and work together in appreciation CY. ment of Energy letter from which this con­ clusion was drawn stated that "in accord­ of some of the differences which exist Enclosure: among people. Only when such differ­ As stated. ance with applicable agreements for coopera­ tion, such transfers would, at that time, have ences are acknowledged and dealt with UNDER SECRETARY FOR to be approved by the Government of the creatively can we hope to overcome the SECURITY AsSISTANCE, United States." misunderstandings which often occur Washington, D .C ., December 19, 1977. I hope that this clarification of our policy among the various groups who live in PATRI C: K MOBERLY, Esquire, is helpful. I am sure that you agree that we the United States.• Foreign and Commonwealth Office, London. should seek to avoid any future misunder­ DEAR PATRICK: Our attention has been standings that might arise from a lack of called to a misunderstanding of U.S. policy clarity now. in the Windscale hearings. Let me try to set Sincerely, the record straight. Our view that it is not JOSEPH S. NYE, FARMERS FACED BY ECONOMIC wise to build more solvent extraction repro­ Deputy to the Under Secretary.e THREAT cessing plants at this time has not changed since we discussed the question during con­ sultations last April. The testimony draws an HON. THOMAS S. FOLEY unwarranted conclusion from accommoda­ DECLARATION OF OF WASHINGTON tions that we have ma.de to avoid disruption INTERDEPENDENCE of existing nuclear power programs. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES On the broad question of whether to build Monday, March 20, 1978 a new 1200 MT per year reprocessing facility HON. THOMAS A. LUKEN at Windscale, we of course recognize that this OF OHIO Mr. FOLEY. Mr. Speaker, American is a matter for your own Government to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESF.NTATIVES agriculture today is caught up in a vi­ decide. As you know, President Carter has cious cost-price squeeze which threatens decided to defer indefinitely commercial re­ Monday, March 20, 1978 a crisis of major proportions for the en­ processing in the United States. This decision • Mr. LUKEN. Mr. Speaker, the follow­ tire country unless something is done was based not only on the paramount need ing declaration was presented to me by and done quickly to reverse the economic to seek ways of reducing the associated pro­ dilemma now facing our farmers. liferation risks, but also on the conclusion the Hillel Jewish Student Center and the that reprocessing was not urgently needed in United Christian Ministries on the The problem developed as our very the near term and was not essent.ial to--and campus of the University of Cincinnati, efficient farmers responded to a very could in fact exa..cerbate--the problems of on the occasion of Brotherhood Week, on short supply situation of a few years waste disposal. Monday, February 20, 1978: ago with vastly increased supplies of While it has been argued that there are A DECLARATION OF INTERDEPENDENCE food and fiber. Now we have the opposite potential non-proliferation advantages of problem-one of oversupply and low reprocessing services being supplied by a few Whe::i in the course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve prices. These low prices are hitting farm­ supplier states, this solution entails three ers at a time when their costs of produc­ major difficulties: (1) If such services in­ the political, economic and cultural distinc­ volve a requirement to return the separated tions that separate it from another and as­ tion for such items as fuel, machinery, plutonium directly to the customers, the pro­ sume among those who define themselves land, labor, and taxes are rising at rates liferation gain is illusory. The plutonium in broader terms than race, national origin, even higher than the general inflation will be moving in international, commerce, religion or creed, the interdependent and level being felt by all Americans. This and the customer will be getting it without cooperative station to which the laws of has put many farmers in a desperate going to the trouble, delay and expense of nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions vf mankind position this year of being only able to developing its own reprocessing capability. survive on the farm if they dig deeply (2) Denial of the plutonium to the customer, requires that they should declare the causes on the other hand, may make the customer which impel them to this action. into the equities they have built up over unwilling to enter the deal, add to the com­ We hold these truths to be self-evident: the years and which in some cases repre­ plaints that industrialized states are trying that all humans-regardless of color, race or sent a lifetime of work. to deny to developing countries fuels and sex-are born with the desire to live, with Some may ask, "Didn't Congress just technology, and in the case of nuclear­ the assurance of the basic necessities of life, but beyond that, realizing we neither grow pass the Food and Agriculture Act of weapons states, that they are now trying to 1977 last year and wasn't it addressed to extend the discriminatory features of the in personal consciousness or appreciation for our fellow humans if we allow the restric­ this need?" The answer is "yes," but un­ NPT to the civil nuclear field, and thus in­ fortunately the production adjustment crease the likelihootl that the customer wm tions of tribe, nationality, race, color, reli­ build its own reprocessing facility. (3) The gion or creed to impede our goal. provisions of that act are not coming into "c::>mpromise" of returning the plutonium And our goal is this: that the boundaries play quickly enough this crop year to only in the form of fabricated fuel elements that separate us be dissolved, that these provide the necessary income protection boundaries, whether they be political sys­ seems unlikely to be acceptable to other in­ tems or narrow ideologies, be replaced by one that farmers need. dustrialized countries, which have their own process--Communication, through which we This legislation will immeasurably fabrication capability designed to meet their may grow toward the attainment of uni­ strengthen the 1977 act by increasing nuclear reactor fuel needs. And for threshold versal peace, happiness and freedom. the levels of income assurance this year countries, it does not· present much of an We look to the stronger amon~ us to en­ which will make it possible for farmers obstacle to obtaining the plutonium. able the weaker to gain strength, and the to engage in the necessary production Accordingly, the United States is not pre­ weak and strong alike to realize that power pared at this time to encourage weapons adjustment to achieve a better balance lies not in economic superiority, political between supply and demand and that states to decide in favor of proceeding with astuteness or military might; rather in the new reprocessing plants. Thus, while we will essential goodness of each human person in farmers then will be able to get their continue to consider MB-10 requests on a all their diversity, and the inherent unity income from the marketplace. In fact, case-by-case basis, and grant them in cases that goodness calls us to. unless target prices are adjusted up­ where there is a demonstrated need, such as We, therefore, representatives of a very ward now to provide this necessary in- 7704 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 20, 1978 centive for production adjustments, the committee on Indian Affairs and Public now has agreed on a compromise version o! crisis facing American agriculture will Lands of the House Committee on In­ the bill. It is a politically appealing measure, de­ only deepen. My bill addresses this prob­ terior and Insular Affairs will be taking scribed by proponents as an answer to the lem by providing for an approximately it up early next month. evils of "age discrimination." But, from $2 % billion additional income assurance For further information on the pro­ another perspective, it can also be called an this year to producers of the basic com­ visions of this bill let me refer my col­ "I'm all right, Jack" b111. For 1! it becomes modities-wheat, feed grains, upland leagues to my RECORD statements of law, it means that those o! us who have cotton, and soybeans. This additional in­ June 22 and October 13, 1977. jobs already can hold unto them longer, if come assurance will make it possible for Thank you, Mr. Speaker.• we wish, while younger people, scrambling to !or a foothold on the employment ladder, the necessary production adjustment wait stm longer in the cold. take place in the 1978 crop year. Specifi­ The hearings on this measure, which cally, in order to meet these objectives, whisked through Congress . with extraordi­ target prices and loan rates would be RETffiEMENT BILL NEEDS DEBATE nary speed, are full of noble sentiment about changed as follows: the rights of senior citizens. But they are For wheat, the target price would be HON. EDWARD W. PATTISON conspicuously lacking in anything that can increased to $3.50 per bushel oen, when, and views and his own shrewd, direct observa­ why. He also discussed two contrasting tions to construct portraits of two brave and modes of historical lnteroretation-the kind decent women, who have stood witness to PEACE PEOPLE OF NORTHERN that dwells on important figurec;, kin!!S and the truly Christian side of a people long IRELAND generals and presidents, and the kind that haunted by awful religious fears, envies, emphasizes the more impersonal social and hates-all upheld in the ::iame of God, no economic forces that gradually exert sway less. There ls no "answer" in this book-not HON. DON EDWARDS over us all. And who knows, he asks re­ the kind that politicians will find pragmatic. peatedly, whether the emerj?ence of a given Even Gandhi perished in the flames of un­ OF CALIFORNIA leader ls not itself the result of those forces rest. despite the brilliance and steadfastness IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that have, in a way. enabled !"Omeone in par­ of his commitment to non-violent social re­ Monday, March 20, 1978 ticular to be heard, to be found worth follow­ form. Stlll, generatloI1B of political and ec­ ing? clesiastical manipulations have given Ulster e Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. Northern Ireland has for years seemed nothing but misery and more misery: it is Speaker. at this time surrounding the bereft of any leadership at all-a place good to know. through this written account, celebration of St. Patricl{'s Day. it is most thoroughly possessed bv contradictory and that a benevolent. redemptive history, medi­ fitting for the House of Representatives implacable religious tensions and class loyal- ated through Malread Corrigan and · Betty 7712 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 20, 1978 Williams, and countless others like them, is As we finished the show, a strange thing which they must leave after 12 months. not yet out of the question for Ulster.e happened. The ca.mermen and studio person­ Yet already there are over 4 million ap­ nel, usually unimpressed by stars, God or plications on file for those 22,000 jobs. man, lined up to shake hands with Bishop That's roughly 182 applications for every Walsh. job. VETERAN MISSIONER: BISHOP In every conversation Bishop Walsh has had since his release from China in 1972, There are willing workers and there JAMES WALSH he never once has said anything negative is work that needs to be done. The Na­ about the Chinese. In fact, his most ani­ tion will profit many times over by HON. JOSHUA EILBERG mated conversation always concerns China providing work for these willing hands. and his love for her people. After spending And there is an opportunity to prevent OF PENNSYLVANIA most of his life in China, he proudly claims the erosion of our greatest resource for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a close affinity with the people in spite of all the past sufferings he experienced. His the future--our young people. I hope we Monday, March 20, 1978 feelings for the Chinese almost from the first will do everything possible to fully fund • Mr. EILBERG. Mr. Speaker, the day he set foot in China in 1918 have re­ and utilize these fine programs. Catholic Standard and Times, published mained unchanged. I would like to bring to the attention weekly by the Archdiocese of Philadel­ When asked whether he would return to of my colleagues an article by Page China if he could he responded, "Of course! Smith, farmer professor of history at the phia, recently described the experiences After so many years in China I'm practically of a man whose career should pe an in­ University of California at Santa Cruz, half Chinese. They're my people." which appeared recently in the Los spiration to all of us. Readjusting to life in the United States In a profile prepared by the National after so many years in a Chinese Jail was Angeles Times. His analysis of the ~pecial Catholic News Service, the Catholic less difficult than one might imagine for problem of youth unemployment is a Standard and Times recounts the re­ the 79-year-old bishop. Asked about the strong argument for positive govern­ markable dedication of Bishop James change from Latin to English in the Catho­ ment action: Walsh, former missioner in China. lic liturgy, he said, "It makes a lot of sense." (From the Los Angeles Times, June 15, 1977) Since his release from China, Bishop FOR THE MAKERS OF TOMORROW, No TODAY Despite constant harassment by the Walsh has made three major Journeys.e Communist Chinese Government, Bishop (By Page Smith) Walsh carried out his efforts in the As a species we have, it seems to me, a early 1950's to aid refugees in Shanghai. curious capacity for ignoring the obvious. Later, he was imprisoned, and suffered FOR THE MAKERS OF TOMORROW, Although it cannot in truth be said that we a great deal for many years. NO TODAY have ignored the problem of youth unelll­ As ployment in the United States, it is certainly the story explains, Bishop Walsh, the case that we have dealt with it in an now 79 years old, maintains his dedica­ oddly evasive fashion. There is a growing tion to the people of China and to the HON. NORMAN Y. MINETA awareness, as a consequence of the energy goal of serving humanity: OF CALIFORNIA crisis, that we are all in the same economic BISHOP JAMES WALSH: VETERAN MISSIONER IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVF..S boat (which bears, it might be said paren­ (By Father Ronald Saucci, M.M.) thetically, little resemblance to a lifeboat), Monday, March 20, 1978 but our response seems to be a little half­ The old man placed his cafeteria tray on • Mr. MINETA. Mr. Speaker, we have hearted bailing. the table, sat down and bowed his head to If statistics can be trusted at all, the rate say grace. Waffles covered with peanut butter recently received the news that from January to February 1978, the national of unemployment among men and women and maple syrup were his main course. I sat in their late teens and 20s is catastrophic, down a.cross from him and tried to make unemployment rate dropped from 6.3 ranging from 15% to 20% in some sections conversation while watching him carefully to 6.1 percent. of the United States to as high as 45% among cut a piece of waffle with his fork, spread That is good news, but we should not urban minority youth. From these facts in­ some peanut butter on it, and dip it into be deceived by it. The burden of unem­ numerable consequences flow, of which the maple syrup. ployment does not fall equitably on all drugs, crime and mental illness are only the My mind wandered as I thought about most obvious. this small giant of a man sitting across from groups. About half of the Nation's unem­ ployed are under age 25. Teenage unem­ During the Great Depression Eleanor me. It went back to Shanghai, 1952, when Roosevelt was deeply concerned that we Bishop James Edward Walsh of Maryknoll, ployment is now 17.4 percent, almost might lose a generation of young people to 61-year-old veteran missioner was placed three times the national average. And alienation and despair because of the la.ck under a kind of house arrest by the Com­ teenage unemployment has actually got­ of work. This made her an ardent advocate munists. His coming and goings were under ten worse in each of the last 3 months. of the Civ111an Conservation Corps and other constant surveillance by the police as he Among minority teenagers, unemploy­ youth programs, many of which were highly spent each day giving aid to refugees from ment stands at 38 percent. successful. Indeed, we are still experiencing outlying areas who arrived penniless in Statistics can never fully express the their benefits. Shanghai. For some years everything went From the early days of the "automation well. But as the communists carefully worked loss to this Nation that occurs when young people cannot find productive revolution," we were warned that the re­ to eradicate all foreign influence from China, placement of people by machines would have the bishop headed their list of "undesirable work. Our national sense of both individ­ serious effects on the Job market. The post­ aliens." ual and collective self-esteem requires war boom, aided by the oracular pronounce­ One day, nine years later, he was arrested, productive work. Take that away from ments of economists, obscured the effects of tried in absentia as an American spy, and the young and you tamper dangerously automation, and yet year after year the imprisoned for 20 years for a so-called cur­ number of unemployed or marginally em­ rency violation, while attempting to aid with our Nation's future. In appreciation of this fact the Con­ ployed young peo!)le steadily increased, not the local bishop. Just in the United States but also in most He was confined to a small, damp cell in gress has created several youth employ­ other highly industrialized nations (Japan a Shanghai prison. As the months passed ment programs, such as the Youth Con­ perhaps being the most notable exception) . his health began to fail. He became frail and servation Corps and the Young Adult The response of government to the mount­ boils erupted on his body. "They would send Conservation Corps. The success of these ing crisis of youth unemployment has been a doctor in to lance my boils occasionally. programs shows that the work ethic is vapid reassurances and inadequate pallia­ Fearing that I would not survive in the still very much alive in young people, if tives. Behind these less-than-halfway meas­ small cell, they moved me to a light and we will only give them the opportunity ures lay the simple-minded and outdated airy hospital room where I stayed for the to do the work that needs to be done. notion that in our "free-enterprise system" remainder of 12 years. It was altogether quite the market takes care, in the long run, of pleasant," he told me. The YCC can accept approximately unemployment. The trouble is that the run Shortly after Bishop Walsh returned to 47,000 young people this year, and yet is getting longer and longer. Meanwhile, the United States, I interviewed him on a the applications outnumber the opportu­ every month that a young man or woman WNBC-TV special welcome-home program. nities by 10 to 1. goes without a job, that person suffers in­ He arrived in the studio extremely irritated The YACC, now in its first year, is creasing demoralization. by a back problem not helped at all by the We like to think that America was built on muggy sweltering weather. I expected to expected to hire only 22,000 this year. work and the "work ethic." Indeed, the re­ have my hands full during the interview. Young people from 16 to 23 years of age demption through work has prevailed in re­ Was I surprised! As soon as we began to may apply for this physically demanding cent times over the earlier belief in redemp­ discuss Chins.. his pains seemed to disap­ work, which pays only $2.65 per hour tion through God's grace, though the two pea.r. minus a fee for food and lodging, and ideas have certainly been intertwined March 20, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7713 throughout most of our history. So how are culture and .Related Agencies on Presi­ problem. We a.re meeting this with flood con­ we to react when our young people--the dent Carter's budget request for the re­ trol ponds, terracing, and proper planting. "heirs of the future," "the makers of tomor­ The State of South Carolina. receives ade­ source conservation and development quate rainfall. However, in many instances row"-are without meaningful work or any projects. Following is testimony prepared work at all? it does not come at the time needed. There­ There is, it seems to me, an irresistible sim­ by Mr. J. Edward Dodds from Lancaster, fore it is necessary to conserve water during plicity to the solution. It becomes plainer S.C., located in my district, which I be­ the rs.in periods and use it by irrigation when every day that the "private sector" cannot lieve explains well the need for continued needed. An emphasis on ponds for that pur­ substantially alleviate the situation-even 1f funding of these worthwhile programs at pose has been initiated by RC&D commit­ it can somewhere down the road, we dare not their present level, and I at this time sub­ tees throughout the state. wait upon the experiment--and so we have mit it for inclusion in the RECORD: When one looks at the end result of no only to declare, with appropriate oratorical erosion control, the destruction ls so obvious embellishments. that we have entered a new THE RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND DEVELOP­ one would wonder why it would be permitted era in human history: Modern industrial MENT PROJECTS BUDGET OF $31,033,000 in the first place. The fact ls that erosion technology has been so successful in terms of SHOULD BE INCREASED, NOT REDUCED control must begin with the clearing of the gross efficiency that it has produced a surplus I bring to you greetings from the State of land. A plan for that control should be a of human energy beyond what is needed to South Carolina and I speak to you in behalf part of the plan for clearing. This is the keep it functioning. of that state. objective that RC&D has set for basic con­ Thus, as we wlll (or should) announce, These a.re my credentials: trol. It is the process of education and the milllons of people in every industrialized 1. I am a. beef cattle farmer with a fa.rm in development of enforcible regulations that is country have been freed to do all the tasks Lancaster County. I have operated this fa.rm needed to implement the move toward the that need so badly to be done to conserve and for 22 years. _ _ objective. About 70% of the land of our enhance our envlronment, natural and hu­ 2. In 1971 I received the Goodyear Con­ state has been surveyed by air. Ea.ch co­ man. At last, in the long, painful progress of servation Award for outstanding accomplish­ opers.ting landowner may receive a. photo history, we have reached a point where great ment in Conservation in Lancaster County. copy of his land with recommendations as public works need not be performed by a 3. In 1977 I was given the Outstanding to its proper use. We are studying landuse servile class but can be the creations of free Conservationist a.ward by the East Piedmont and a.re already involved in planning at the people performing a. myriad of public Association of Conservation Districts. local level. Proper land use ls something that services. 4. I was chairman of Lancaster County does not happen over night. It ls a long ha.rd A necessary step tows.rd this procla.ma.tlon, Resources, Conservation and Development road to get acceptance. Confidence must be of course, is for us to stop viewing unemploy­ Committee for a two-year period. established before one moves to acceptance ment as evidence of persona.I or social eco­ 5. I am presently chairman of Crossroads of a.n over-all plan. The RC&D, with the local nomic failure and recognize it as the most of History RC&D Area.. This is ma.de up of a. committee volunteer program has the inside brllllant achievement of modern technology. six-county area.. track for the education to proper land use. "See," we must say, "what we have accom­ 6. I am chairman of County Rural Devel­ South Carolina. has four (4) RC&D Projects plished: We have freed a vast army of young opment Committee of Lancaster County. that cover 23 of the states' 46 counties. Each men and women from routine labors and The purpose of being here today is to speak project is sponsored by locnl units of gov­ given them an opportunity to perform use­ regarding the proposal budget for Resource, ernment such as county councils, town ful, constructive and rewarding work for Conservation a.nd Development projects. The councils, soil and water conservation dis­ their country or, more broadly, for humanity. appropriations budget for 1978 was $31,033,- tricts and special purpose districts. Ea.ch How splendid! How resourceful!" 000.00. The proposed budget is $6,797,000. The project has a. council that provides direction "But," the cynic will say, "who is paying for proposal is wholly inadequate. In the few and position. The council members serve all this? The poor, downtrodden, middle-class minutes a.t my disposal I believe I can tell without pay or any other compensation. The Jobholder and taxpayer?" you why this ls so. members came from varied backgrounds. "No, the economy will pay. That is to say, Although my remarks wlil be confined to Some a.re farmers, doctors, bankers, teach­ we are already, for better or worse, committed experience in South Carolina, I have been in ers, etc. to not allowing people to starve in the most touch with other states and find our experi­ Each project is planned and implemented flourishing economy in the history of the ences quite similar. by local citizens. Each RC&D project has world. We spend or waste countless bllllons Like other states we in South Carolina. face developed its goals and objectives to fit the on armaments too destructive to use and that the glaring damage resulting from unrecog­ needs of local people. Many of these objec­ wm be obso:ete tomorrow. We dissipate other nized ignorance, mistreatment of land and in tives take long-term planning. Only a very bllllons in overburea.ucra.tized, poorly con­ many cases even willfulness. This state of few can be completed within a year's time. ceived stopgap measures. We pa.id the neces­ affairs w111 require a.wakening a.11 the people The first RC&D project in South Carolina. was sary price to salvage our chlldren 1n the depth not just farmers to their dependence on the the Low-Country RC&D program. Because of a devastating depression; 1n times of al­ land if we as a. nation a.re to continue to be the "Low Country's" topography is near sea most euphoric prosperity, surely we can do no well fed, clothed and housed. level and wet, water management has been less." The four Resource Conservation and Devel­ a. top priority. Sixteen small flooded pre­ It is not. in any event, a question of money. opment areas (Crossroads of History, Ninety­ vention plans have been implemented a.t a The money is there, the tasks are there, Six District, Low Country and Sa.ntee-Water­ cost of $1.3 m1111on. An additional seven­ and the people a.re there often in desperate ee) in South Carolina. a.re people oriented. By teen projects have been requested and need, both psychologically and economically. Joining the effort as a. volunteer local leader developed bv various groups. It ls estimated All that we have to do is the simplest and begins the educational process of knowing that $1.000,000.00 will be needed to install hardest thing for human beings to do: the land and working with nature to improve them. The Low Country effort has required change our mlnds--change the way we view the soil. financing, designing and the construction of work and people without conventional work. RC&D activities include conservation watershed recreation projects. Assistance also Are our mllllons of jobless a. Ua.b111ty or treatment of eroding roadsides and other wa.s given to many communities with other an asset? Most assuredly an asset. As in a. critical areas. Other activities include flood tvpes of recreation efforts. The establishment fairy tale, we have only to say it, to make it reduction and better drainage ·through im­ of tennis courts, conversion of unused rail­ come true.e proved channels and retarding dams, recre­ road stations to community centers, and the ation, wildlife habitat development and building of little lea~ue base ball diamonds many other environmental and economic im­ to mention a. few. The most recent recrea­ provements. Project activities include revege­ tional project is Palmetto Tslands County WASHINGTON PRESENTATION BY tation of critically eroded land. Special prep­ Park in Charleston County. This back to na­ s.ration and plantings on steep slopes keep ture oriented park 1s located on 725 acres and J. EDWAR:i:> DODDS ON BEHALF OF the soil in place and prevent sediment dam­ THE SOUTH CAROLINA SOIL AND age to water courses below. comoosed of several islands. Many conserva- WATER CONSERVATION DIS­ tion techniques a.re used in the park and The State of South ca.rollna is essentially the fac111ties were desi~ed to blend and TRICTS AND RESOURCE CONSER­ undeveloped with approximately 60% of VATION AND DEVELOPMENT her land in forest. We a.re beginning to enha.n'!e the natural characteristics of the PROJECTS break out of this condition with the great site. Other such recreational projects have national emphasis on the Sun Belt. Taking been req,uested. place a.re clearings for homes, industry, busi­ The Crossroads of History Rc&D Project ness and transportation. With ea.ch develop­ Is located in the northern part of South HON. KENNETH L. HOLLAND Carolina. where a. great deal of erosion is tak­ OF SOUTH CAROLINA ment we face the possibility of pollution from erosion. Those of us who have been con­ ing place. Silt produced from this erosion has IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cerned with water pol!ution have learned filled manv streams in the area. and a. Iower­ Monday, March 20, 1978 that the greatest source is not chemicals or ini.t of water quality and the destruction of waste but soil erosion. Proper control takes wildlife habitat has resulted. Seven critical • Mr. HOLLAND. Mr. Speaker, hearings time with good technical advice and guid­ area treatment plans have been developed are currently being held by the House ance. We have had this with our RC&D staff. and are being put into operation. Four Appropriations Subcommittee ori Agri- Flood and water control is a. never ending hundred and nineteen acres have been seeded 7714 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 20, 1978 at a cost of it.128.354 using RC&D funds. Ad· encouraging new industry and business to more damaging challenge. This new ditional contracts for $36,700.00 are being incorporate in the state. At such times these challenge has come in the form of ex­ a.warded thts month. In Lancaster County interests seek the i:utdance of RC&D staff for horbitant Latin American demands for an environmental laboratory has been estab­ proper landuse. To us in a very practical special yellowfin tuna allocations. These lished at no cost to the RC&D. An area of sense, RC&D funds a.re investments in future woodland making up over a. hundred acres tax dollars. One other fact, if South Carolina demands could spell disaster for the of land was provided by the Springs Corpo­ gets increased tax base the Federal Govern­ yellowfin tuna resource of the Eastern ration. It was surveyed and plotted by forest­ ment always gets its share. Pacific and for the American fleet which ers after which trails were developed, trees Our objective ls to save the land. It ls has pioneered efforts to harvest that identified, etc. An all-weather parking area God's gift to man and we are the stewards resource. was developed after a. road was bulldozed !or a moment of time. Although the United States should into the land. The objective ls to provide By proper "Gse of this important natural continue to resist these demands, it is students and individuals with an under­ resource the people of America. should be able standing of the land and what is required to maintain a high standard of living which incumbent upon us to simultaneously to keep 1t in top condition. A plan is under­ includes good homes. schools, churches, ade­ move ahead and develop new fishing way to set up the trails so blind individuals quate and stable t.ncomes for farm people and grounds outside of the Eastern Pacific can enjoy a. unique experience. Trail signs a. continuous and plentiful supply of farm Ocean. in brallle and rope-guide lines are to be a products for all the pebple. Those_ of us who Since the enactment of the Central, part of the project. have worked with the fand know how fragile Western, and South Pacific Fisheries One of the most unusual critical area it ls. It must have constant attention. The Development Act in 1972 the tuna in­ treatment plans is Henry Knob in York local RC&D committees try to give it the over nll attention it needs. dustry has contributed large sums of County. A mining company moved off the money in a joint industry-Government 180-acre mountain and left the county and If our nation is to live and if the well being citizens with a. man-made disaster. Silt dam­ of Its people is to be made secure the soil effort to get this fishery off the ground. ages from erosion taking place on the moun­ must be passed on to our descendants in This legislation will insure that this joint tain was causing problems ten miles down better condition than it was received. This ls effort is continued and expanded. stream. York County asked the RC&D area the objective to which we strive.e I should note, Mr. Speaker. that the committee for help. The Henry Knob Criti­ development of a tuna fishery in the cal Area. Treatment Plan was developed. In Central and Western Pacific will not in­ 1977 half of the Knob was re-vegetated with LEGISLATION TO AUTHORIZE AP­ crease incidental dolphin mortality. Al­ grass and trees. At the present time the PROPRIATIONS FOR TUNA RE­ though a significant percentage of the other half is being brought back to life. SEARCH Seventy percent of the Crossroads of His­ yellowfln catch in the Eastern Pacific is tory RC&D Project area is ln woodland which landed in association with dolphin, the ls extremely difficult to sell pulp wood at HON. JOHN M. MURPHY skipjack tuna of the Central and West­ any price. Nevertheless the project committee OF NEW YORK ern Pacific are not known to travel with is looking for ways to utilize this vast re­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dolphin populations. Any expansion of source. Through study and research we have effort in the Central Pacific will work to found that we will be able to help solve the Monday, March 20, 1978 the benefit of dolphin populations by energy crises through the utllization of pel­ decreasing the fishing pressure in the letlzed wood as an energy source. The pellets e Mr. MURPHY of New York. Mr. can be used in place of coal and produce a Speaker, I wish to bring to the attention Eastern Pacific Ocean. heat equivalent to coal. of my colleagues a measure that will I hope my colleagues will support the The Santee-Wateree RC&D Project in cen­ greatly assist in the development of the expanded program to be provided by this tral South Carolina. bas installed four small tuna resources of the Central and West­ legislation so that a skipjack tuna fishery flood prevention programs with funds pro­ ern Pacific, and the strengthening of the in the Central, Western, and Pacific vided by t he Rs&D. The cost was $124,000. American tuna industry. Ocean will be a reality within the not Two more have been planned and requests too distant future.• for assistance for a. dozen or more a.re being Todav I am introducing legislation considered. One county has already used that will increase the funding authoriza­ $100,000 to heal over eroded land and it is tion for the Central, Western, and South INNOCENT VICTIMS OF PLO TERROR estimated that it will take at least $400,000 Pacific Fisherier Development Act by an more of RC&D project funds to complete additional $25 million. The existing law the job over a period of several years. authorizes $3 million for the period from HON. ELIZABETH HOLTZMAN The RC&D committees have been studying September 30, 1976, to September 30, OF NEW YORK the floodplains of their areas and are alert to 1979. Although, that authorization does development programs that may come to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES not expire until September 30, 1979, my disaster if proper planning is not taken into Monday, March 20, 1978 consideration. The committees have no in­ bill would increase that authorization tention to prevent building development. On to $8 :million and extend the act for e Ms. HOLTZMAN. Mr. Speaker, the the contrary the ma.in thrust of RC&D ls an additional 4 years (for fiscal years cowardly and brutal Palestinian Libera­ proper planning and control to prevent fu­ 1980, 1981, 1982, and 1983) at a level tion Organization raid on Israel last week t ure loss. of funding of $5 million per year. resulted in the deaths of 36 innocent peo­ Pocotaligo Conservation Park (near Man­ The Central, Western, and South ple and led to predictable military retali­ ning in Clarenton County) would not be a ation. Perhaps the most moving account reality today if the RC&D Council had not Pacific Fisheries Development Act was assisted with the planning and implementa­ enacted in 1972 to assist in the develop­ of the human tragedy wrought by the tion of the plan. The land now used for the ment of a skipjack tuna fishery in the PLO was written by Cynthia Ozick in the park is located in a beautiful swamp. It was Central and Western Pacific. The skip­ New York Times. about to be "clear cut" until t he RC&D jack tuna resource in this area 1s I commend this poignant article to my Council got the local people involved and sufficiently extensive to provide a suit­ colleagues. aware of the immense possibilities. Talk able base for the economic development The text follows: about cooperation, some local funds were LETl'ER TO A PALESTINIAN Mn.lTARY SPOKESMAN provided, RC&D funds were used to plan the of the Trust Territories of the Pacific, park, and a grant from the Bureau of Out­ American Samoa, Guam, and the State [From the New York Times, Mar. 16, 1978) door Recreation paid for the installation. of Hawaii. Dear Palestinian Spokesman: The youngest RC&D Project located in Unfortunately, although tuna are When you say that your friends killed 33 western South Carolina, the Ninety-Six Dis­ present ir this area, we have not yet de­ Israeli soldiers in last weekend's terror attack trict RC&D, has already re-vegetated over 500 on the road near Haifa, do you mean my acres of critically eroding areas. However, veloped the fishing gear which can effi­ cousin Imrl? Your friends shot him in the there are 2500 more acres to be completed. ciently harvest this resource. This leg­ throat. He was not a. soldier. He was 14 yea.rs At the present time work ls underway on islation will accelerate current efforts to old, and played the clarinet. some twenty projects that have come to my develop this much-needed new fishing Now I am not sure what the mentality of a. attention. Our people are diligent in the technology. terrorist might be, since unlike you, I have work and t ireless in their effort because we This bill comes at a particular crit­ never had one for a friend; but it seems logi­ know that only about a. third cf all agricul­ cal to assume that 1! you have murdered tural land in this country is adequately pro­ ical time for the American tuna indus­ someone, you might like--even if only out of t ected against erosion. An important point to try. Although the fleet has demonstrated idle curiosity, but especially out of ideology­ call to your attention ls that South Carolina that it is well on the way toward to know something about the life you have is interested in tax dollars. Therefore, we solving the tuna-dolphin problem, the taken. So please let me tell you a. little bit seek opportunities to broaden the tax base by fleet is now facing a new and possible a.bout my cousin Imri. I promise you it won't March 20, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7715 occupy much of your time, because if some­ stamps for him. His instrument was the celebrat.ed its 10th anniversary on one is murdered when he is only 14 years old, clarinet: he wa.s a member of a youth WABC-TV. This enlightening program how much can there be to tell? orchestra in Jerusalem. He used to grumble In fact, Imri's life was so brief, and there over his clarinet because it was second-hand has provided a much needed forum for was so little he ever had a chance to do, that and somewhat woebegone; but only two days minorities in America. I might as well begin with his grandfather before your friends killed him he had the Scholars, heads of state, and other na­ and grandmother. delight of learning that he was going to get a tional personalities have, on this show, Imri's grandfather is a poet, a lover of the better clarinet. shared their views on a wide range of English Romantics. He has won some fine And that is about all I can tell you about both interesting and extremely socially prizes for his work ( including the Brenner your victim Imrl. I warned you 1t wouldn't relevant issues. Prize, named after an early Zionist who vowed amount to much. The main thing, you know, "Like It Is" has excelled despite its that Jews were no longer going to be mur­ ls that 'he was never going to kill a1qone or dered Just for being Jews), and he has trans­ anything-not even a fish or a. chicken, meager budget and resources. The out­ lated Walt Whitman into Hebrew; but he is much less a fellow human being. He was standing efforts of its producer and co­ ra.ther elderly now, so these days he mostly only going to make beautiful sounds on his host Gil Noble has result.eel in consistent sits in his little garden reading Wordsworth clarinet. programing of outstanding quality and and Keats and Shelley and Blake. Imri's grandfather, when he was not much focus. The garden is rather special. It is 1n the older than Imri during the First World War, To commemorate the 10th annivers­ backyard of a house not far from the Lod air­ used to write pacifist poems; and once after ary of so fine a show, New York Times port (where some of your other friends mur­ the 1948 war he began a lyric about Bialik, reporter C. Gerald Fraser wrote an ar­ dered a group of Christian pilgrims not so the Hebrew ooet, that in the most natural long ago). way turned into a prayer for fraternity be­ ticle which I would like to share with my When Imri's grandparents built the house­ tween Arabs and Jews. And after that Imri's colleagues: a simple concrete cube filled with volumes grandmother kept on growing trees and "LIKE IT Is," BLACK-ORIENTED SHOW and volumes of poetry-it was entirely sur­ flowers in what used to be sand, and Imrl's - CELEBRATES ITS 10rH BmTBDAY rounded by sand. But Imri's grandmother, whole family kept-on sending music, one of (By C. Gerald Fraser) though very frail, put down seeds and nour­ the languages of peace, up into the Middle ished and raised up her "babies"-a whole East air. "Like It Is," the black-oriented W ABC-TV orchard of flowering fruit trees. Well, I just thought you would like to public affairs program, is now 10 years old Every morning very early Imri's tiny hear about one obscure 14-year-old who and has more than 60 awards from commun­ grandmother climbs a shaky ladder to reach happened to become a target of yours, be­ ity organizations as well as five Emmys from up to each young pear, which she patiently cause why shouldn't you know who it ts you the National Academy of Television Arts and meticulously wraps in a little paper bag. hated enough to kill? And now that your and Sciences to show for it. It looks pretty comical-a paper-bag tree!­ friends have murdered Imrl and blown up The primary focus of "Like It Is," the but Imrl's grandmother will not spray his father's hand, there will be that much longest running program on W ABC-TV and the trees with insecticide; she does not want less music in the world, and that much less the oldest community· affairs program deal- · _to kill the insects, who also have a right to civilization. ing with minority issues on television, ls "the live. Imri's grandparents are vegetarians, and You have made it pretty clear that all of politics of the black condition," according to so was Imri, and so are his parents a.nd all this feeds your pride and your notion of Gil Noble, its co-host and producer. The pro­ his brothers and sisters and aunts and manhood and especially your sense of na­ gram de,Lls with "the politics of our health, uncles. You see, they do not like to take life. tionhood. The triumph of guns and blood for example; of our housing and an interna­ Imri's mother and father are passionate excites you more than symphonies and tional perspective," Mr. Noble said. musicians. They play first and second flute poems and clarinets. ONLY HISTORICAL ENTERTAINERS in the Jerusalem Symphony--or at lea.st they It could be, though, that you didn't really "The industry has already established did until la.st weekend, because Imri's father tell an untruth when you called Imri a "sol­ that we can sing and dance," he said, so may never play a.gain. One of your friends dier." On our battered planet there are al­ there are few entertainers seen live or on blew up his hand. In the hospital at Haifa ways, after all. two armles--the army of film on the program, only those, such as the they a.re trying to patch together some of it guns and the army of clarinets. Death ftles late Charlie Parker and Sid Pottier, who have with bone grafts; soon they will know out of one and beauty from the other. Imri "historical value." whether the nerve will die. (Imri's bother ts a fallen soldier in the army of clarinets, Nir is luckier; it wa.s only his leg that wa.s a.nd in the end your most intractable stum­ In the production office at 1 Lincoln Plaza, wounded. He lost a lot of blood, but he is all bling block, your deepest contest, will have Mr. Noble, conservatively dressed as usual, right.) to be not politics, or your Soviet arms sup­ sat with one of his long legs thrown over About two years ago, Imrl's father came pliers, or land, or your-propagandists abroad, one arm of/his chair-he ls 6 feet 5 inches to America for a. time to teach flute at Ithaca or your multiple perversions of the vocabu­ tall. The afternoon sun brightened the room, College. It was hard to tell which he loved lary of idealism, or your fellow Arabs who which was decorated with plants, and photo­ mor~music or his students. Tears fell from have imprisoned and despised and morally graphs of Paul Robeson, the Rev. Adam him when the term drew to an end and he crippled and corrupted you for the last 30 Clayton Powell, Jr., Malcolm X and the Rev. had to say goodbye. When he heard or played years, or your hatred of Jews, or what you Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. music he seemed Uluminated: "Isn't this call "self-determination" while denying it Motoring toward the pictures, the 43-year­ beautiful?" he would murmur. All of Imrl's to another people, or your vow to dismantle old Mr. Noble said that periodically he asks six brothers and sisters are musical. They Israel, or your putting mllitary uniforms on himself, "Am I doing what they would ap­ play all sorts of instruments, and the beauty boys just Imri's age and teaching them ter­ prove of?" 1Ues out of their hands. rorism, or even your bloodthirsty bragga­ FOCUS ON AFRICA AND CARIBBEAN Imrl's oldest sister, Anva, a dancer, just docio; or anything like that. General local programming, he said, regu­ had her second baby, and so what happened No. You wlll have to grapple with what larly focuses on the Middle East, Greece, Ire­ was this: Imri and his brothers Nir and you know to be your chosen enemies--rank land and human rights in the Soviet Union Adle! and his little twin sisters Vivi and after rank of the singing clarinets: the army because a sizable number of the population Corl and their parents all piled into the of civilization. Your guns cough in brutal here halls from those places. family car to drive up to Haifa to see the eyeblink blasts and shatter human bones. Your friends, by stealth and ambush, mur­ "If that ls right, I'm obligated to focus on new be.by. After the visit, they were on their Africa and the Caribbean," he said. ''That way home to Jerusalem, just behind a bus, dered Imrl. You are terribly proud of this, and crow it over the airwaves. No matter. is what the people who made my employ­ when your friends started throwing grenades ment possible had in mind, I believe, and I and shooting at them, at first on the road Civ111zation is more tenacious than the death take my commitment very seriously," as he itself and then from inside the bus. When you bring. Paperbag trees, and Keats in a garden near an airport. and the long, long referred to the ctvll-rights activists of the Jmri's father, who was driving, got hit, Jmri's 60'5. brother Nlr managed to grab the wheel and voice of the flute, and the singing clarinets­ save his family. even though his leg was these are the soldiers you will have to de­ The hour-long program ls usually broadcast streaming blood. In the horror of the ex­ feat. If you can.e early Sunday afternoons. In typical publlc­ plosions and the pursuit it was a little while affalrs program fashion, "Like It Is" often before anyone realized that Imrt was dead. floats from one time slot to another. All right, now about Imri himself. LIKE IT IS THE REWARDS OF STUDY He was ma.inly a quiet boy, private as The program uses filmed reports, com­ some adolescents like to be, and a good stu­ mentaries, panel discussions and interviews dent. Until not long a.go he was still quite HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL with scholars, physicians, writers, govern­ small, but in t he last few months his family OF NEW YORK ment officials, politicians, heads of state and had begun to marvel at how he wa.s spring­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRF..SENTATIVF..S local and national personalities. ing up. He was going to be tall, like his Monday, March 20, 1978 His best programs, Mr. Noble said, in­ father. He was fond of stamp-collecting, and cluded one on the rewards of study. Mr. when his mother toured with the orchestra • Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, recently Noble simply took his camera. into the li­ she always brought back interesting foreign the black public a.ff airs show "Like It Is" braries of two black historl~ohn Henrik CXXIV---486-Part 6 7716 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 20, 1978 Clarke and Josef Ben Johannan-and each He became the "Like It Is" producer about The growth of science centers began early discussed his boyhood, his zest for reading, two years ago and has since generally limited in the century. The greatest growth has his sacrifices to get books and what inter­ his appearances to anchoring the 11 o'clock occurred within the last 10 years, and there ls ested him about black and African history news on weekends. no sign that the trend will slow down soon. and the search for knowledge about himself "I HA VE TO BE MYSELF" The expansion of existing science centers is and his people. proceeding apace with the building of new This suits him, he said, because he realized facillties. " What surfaced," Mr. Noble said, "was an he did not fit in.to a "flip" news format. "I ethic not glamorized or made important by have to be myself," he said, "concentrating ATTENDANCE EXPLOSION AT SCIENCE CENTERS America. These scholars are true heroes with on what I'm doing. As a reporter, I am a The increasing number and size of science genuine validity built on hard work. The conduit, I am subordinate to the report. centers ls a direct result of the sharp rise point was to make, say, John Henrik Cl.;.rke in public demand on existing institutions. as valid and as glamorous as a basketball " 'LikA It Is' has made me feel more like a. reporter. I am able to focus on my priori­ The number of visitors to science museums player." ties. 'Like It Is' is not the entire answer, is greater than to any other single type of AFRICA AND THE MOVIES but it makes black peoples' thoughts avail­ museum. According to a 1974. survey of 1820 Other tavorites of Mr. Noble include a series able to all television viewers." • institutions conducted by the National En­ on Africa's "gifts to the world," which dis­ dowment for the Arts 1, 38 percent of all cussed ancient African metallurgy, architec­ museum visits were to science museums, 24 ture and the university at Timbuktu. percent to history museums, and 14 percent Mr. Noble also cited a 90-minute special to art museums. The survey, which included with Mr. Poitier. It included clips from the "SCIENCE CENTERS: A POTENTIAL natural history museum in the science actor·s movies, and Mr Poitier discussed in FOR LEARNING" museum category, found that, of a total of detail his career, the motion-picture industry 308 million museum visits in FY 1971-72, and what happens to money invested in films 117 million were to science museums. Ex­ and revenues from films HON. JOHN BRADEMAS cluding natural history museums, sclence­ Wha~ he has tried to do, Mr Noble said, was OF INDIANA techonology centers alone have experienced to "present the continuing stream of infor­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES skyro~keting attendance in this decade, with mation about what ls happening in the black the 14.4 million visits registered in 1973 soar­ experience." "We also want to present a con­ Monday, March 20, 1978 ing to 36.5 million m 1975. And in 1976, stant stream of history for both white and mere than one-fifth of the members of the black viewers" e Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, in the Association of Science-Technology Centers For this reason, he said, he presents both words of a summary of an article I wish reported attendance increases of at least 10 historical segments and hard news because of to insert in the RECORD-- percent since 1975. Many science centers that the "paucity of exposure of black history on The past decade has witnessed a prolifera­ offer after-school, evening, weekend, and the rest of broadcasting" tion of science-technology centers, or public summer courses have reported waiting lists MEAGER BUDGET places for informal learning about science for enrollment, and still other museums have By teievision standards, the program's and technology. Science centers are the only been forced to impose time limits at certain budget, which was $500,000 last year, and, institutions that can provide the general participatory exhibits due to long waiting according to a W ABC-TV spokesman, ls public with participatory exhibits and ex­ lines. scheduled to be increased 10 percent this periences, together with an accurate scien.:. Until recently, it was thought that science year, is meager. A camera crew is available tlflc interpretation of the materials that are centers appealed primarily to children. It tor the program's use one day a week. involved. The dramatic rise in attendance is true that school groups form approximate­ These are nettlesome limitations, Mr. Noble and the enthusiasm of repeat visitors to ly 25 percent of visitors to these centers, said, but for 10 years, he has worked around science centers reflect a strong public de­ but a brief survey shows that 45 percent them. He often augments the film his crew mand for exhibits designed to help the visitor of the visitors are adults, including col­ shoots, he said, with footage from the sta­ develop a better understanding of the con - lege students and senior citizens.2 tion's film library-film often previously un­ temporary scientific issues of society. Most full-scale science-technology centers offer workshops for all age groups in chem­ used because of the news department's dif­ Mr. Speaker, the summary I have just ferent perspective. istry, biology, photography, ham radio op­ "Like It ls" was first produced by Ed Silver­ quoted describes an excellent article, erations, computers, magnetism, model air­ man and written by a staff newswriter. "SCience Centers: A Potential for Learn­ plane construction, and other popular fields. WABC-'I'V had wanted to call the program ing," published in the January 20, 1978 Classes and workshops for school-age chil­ "The Way It Is," but Mr. Noble and Robert issue of Science magazine, the weekly dren reveal somt:o mtrlguing offerings, such Hooks, the actor and the show's first co-host, publication of the American Association as "Elementary, My Dear Watson: Solving convinced management to use t he more col­ Problems by Deduction," "Marble Shoot for the Advance.ment of Science. C;)mputers," "Water Wizardry," "Optical loquial .expression and also to drop a rock­ The author of this arti :le is Ms. Lee and-roll theme management had thought Toys and Parlor Amusements," and "Per­ appropriate. Kimche, formerly executive director of forming Plants." Although fewer programs the Association of Science-Technology are offered for adults, they range from auto OFTEN A SPRINGBOARD Centers in Washington, D.C., and now Di­ rally classes to lapidary labs, from work­ By June 1968, Charles Hobson, the pro­ rector of the Institute of Museum Serv­ shops on dehydrating foods to "Wild Par­ gram's first black producer, was hired. Other ices in the Department of Health, Educa­ ties," banquets based on edible wild plants.3 producers have included Richard Watkins, CHARACTERISTICS OF SCIENCE CENTERS Melba Tolliver and Marquita Pool. All of tion, and Welfare. The text of Ms. Kimche's article Most other kinds of museums have evolved them have moved on to better-paying jobs as depositories for categorical collections that in radio or television since they left "Like follows: may be admired by the public and studied It Is." ScIENCE CENTERS; A POTENTIAL FOR LEARNING by scholars in private. While traditional Two other co-hosts were Gloria Rojas and Science centers provide a whole new field museums emphasize static displays of ob­ Geraldo Rivera. Both were imposed on the of self-motivating experienl'.'es 1n learning, jects and artifacts, science centers have fol­ program by the station's management to through environmental exhibits that appeal lowed the more dynamic philosophy of the broaden the show's ethnic appeal. But object­ to the senses, emotions, and intellect. They Chinese proverb : "I hear and I forget, I see tions by black community groups and in­ are among the most rapidly developing insti­ and I remember, I do and I understand." dividuals succeeded in keeping the focus on tutions of learning in contemporary society. Studies by Thier and Linn• revealed that blacks. They have been responsive to a growing pub­ visitors are not attracted to science centers The cur.ent staff of five includes Robert lic demand for knowledge and information. to learn only facts: they come to experience Van Lierop, a lawyer and film maker who is As more and more people visit them, the new and interesting phenomena. This is co-produce!' and has made films in Mozam­ science centers have a unique opportunity to substantiated by a preliminary study by bique that have been on the program. assist a large segment of the public to gain Yankelov1ch 5 at the National Air and Space BEGAN BROADCASTING AT WLIB a. greater understanding of the contemporary Museum. Fifty percent of the visitors ln the Mr. Noble began his broadcasting career technological issues of society. The objects museum, when asked why they visited the in 1962 working full-time days as a news­ and exhibits can form the basis for other museum, answered "for Juicy tid-bits": 40 caster at WLIB and full-time nights in the types of educational programs, not only with­ percent said that: they came for entertain­ letters of credit department at the Chase in muse,ums, but throughout the entire com­ ment or a dynamic experience; and 10 per­ Manhattan Bank. munity. The informal educational techniques cent cited miscellaneous purposes. In 1967, he moved to WABC-TV. . that science centers employ may have impli­ Attendance at science centers is voluntary, A pianist, he led the Gil Noble Trio, which cations for other types of institutions. Tradi­ unlike the required attendance of most tra­ attained proininence, in Mr. Noble's home tional forinS of education are undergoing ditional educational programs, and the course community-Harlem. Today, he ic; married, reappraisal; perhaps some of the methods that the visitor follows once inside ls self- and he and his wife, Jean, have five girls; he used in science centers can be adapted to sculptures, paints and is writing a book on enhance more conventional methods of his experiences in television. teaching. Footnotes at end of article. March 20, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7717 established. There is no "required" reading, cussion groups that a.re provided by other plishments of a museum visit is to provide listening, or viewing. There is no prescribed institutions, such as museums, libraries, busi­ people with raference points that can aid path to be followed, or set time for departure. nesses, community groups, religious organi­ them in later rea.sontng.14 It may be imprac­ In the museum, visitors may spend as much zations, and science-technology centers. tical to collect data on the recollection of time as they want at the exhibits that inter­ Furthermore, science centers present infor­ museum experiences days, weeks, months, or est them most. Goodman 6 has stated that mation on current issues objectively since even years after a. visit, or on how recollec­ people will learn best when they have oppor­ their goal is to present enough facts to en­ tions are triggered; but it is evident that tunities to make choices about their own able people to make intelligent decisions on mention of a particular science museum will learning and chance3 to build on their own their own. make eyes light up, nostalgia creep in, and interests. In a study of children between the Special constituencies such a.s the deaf, people respond. "I will never forget my child­ ages of 10 and 12, Thier 1 found that they the blind, women, senior citizens, inner-city hood experiences at the Museum of Science showed an interest in exploring science ma­ youth, and non-English speaking immigrants and Industry," or "I practically grew up 1n terials of their choice, and that self-selected and tourists are finding that science centers the Franklin Institute." science experiences foster the development have been among the institutions most re­ Screven pointed out in his studies that of logical thinking in that age group. sponsive to their needs. "learning cannot be directly observed. It must A museum is a social environment, and OPPORTUNITIES FOR EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH be inferred, usually from observed changes learning takes place more readily in a. social Relatively little information exists from in what a visitor can do before and after context. One reason that people go to science exposure to an exhibition".13 How much museums is to share time with family or which to determine whether the experi­ ences that people have in science centers visitors learn depends on the time and effort friends. According to La.etsch, who is direc­ they devote to an exhibit, as well as on an tor of the Lawrence Hall of Science in Berke­ actually result in measurable advances in learning. Research to date has concentrated exhibit's content and layout. Therefore, it is ley, family groups constitute the museum's useful to distinguish between the "teacher­ single largest constituency, and his research on gathering demographic data. a.bout mu­ seum audiences and on exhibit popularity, learning" aspects of an exhibition (what an has shown that adult-child combinations exhibit potentially can teach or communi­ spent more time at the exhibit3 selected for rather than on the effectiveness of exhibits in transmitting information. Both cognitive cate) and its moUvational aspects. Motiva­ observation than did child-child or adult­ tion involves exhibit conditions (contingen­ 8 and affective testing of museum experiences adult combina.tions. Almost no research has cies), which determine whether the visitor been done on learning in family groups, yet a.re limited because the traditional instruc­ tional model that is employed in pedagogical will stop, spend time and effort attending to the museum is perhaps the only educa­ content, return, and so on.15 Effective tional setting where families frequently ap­ research is inadequate to measure the effec­ tiveness of museum experiences. teaching exhibits should integrate both pear as a. unit. learning and motivational aspects. Another feature of science centers is that Furthermore, if learning in a. museum is a. Shettle found that the average visitor views they provide experiences that a.re not avail­ visual and kinesthetic experience, which dif­ an exhibit unit for 20 seconds and tours a able anywhere else. Increased technology has fers qualitatively from sequential classroom complete exhibit for a maximum of 14 min­ brought about an increased desire among lectures or reading printed texts, recent utes.12 If both observations a.re correct, it people to do things in simulation that they theories of bra.in physiology should also be may be concluded that science centers are cannot do in actuality. taken into consideratlon.11 Current experi­ able to draw the attention of the viewer for Through the modern, sophisticated tech­ ments have found that this distinction has a very limited, 1f concentrated, period of nology found in science centers, the public a. soma.tic basis, ·;;hat is, the hemispheres of time. In order to capitalize on that time, it is is able to experience more activities on a the brain have distinctive behavioral attrib­ important not to require the t"eading of ex­ firsthand basis. In addition to simulated sub­ utes (for example, visual learning is right­ tensive text nor concentrations on visual marines and airliners, many science mu­ bra.ined, while linguistic-based informa.tion­ aids that would try the patience of the seums offer the public opportunities to use tra.nsfer is left-brained). If we a.re to maxi­ average viewer. To create such learning sys­ telescopes, computers, musical instruments, mize the potential of learning opportunities tems, Screven has added various interactive and other apparatus to which few people in museums, it is imperative that new models response devices to permanent exhibits, such have access elsewhere. The instructional de­ for measurement be developed. These models as cassette tape recorders linked to punch sign of such exhibits as the "Physics Play­ should be based on the uniqueness of the cards, game cards, or free-standing self­ ground" at the Exploratorium in San Fran­ museum experience and take into account teachlng machines. His data suggest that the cisco is one of the more innovative ap­ the most recent theoretical and empirical added interactive devices improve visitor proaches to informal learning to be found studies of the brain. learning.13 Screven a.ls::> found that casual anywhere. There, swings and other play­ A systematic measurement of what people visitors in both art and history-science mu­ ground equipment were constructed to teach seums can then be motivated to spend time the principles of physics. get out of a visit to a science center, or how, if a.t all, they are changed as a result of the and effort at exhibits to achieve specific People go to science centers to satisfy their learning goals, and will learn considerable curiosity about branches of science that are visit, is just getting under way. The few researchers who have pursued this question substantive content in the process.1a Much having more and more impact on their dally more work needs t::> be done to develop and lives. The public is demanding timely access a.re divided over the question of whether or not such cha.n6es a.re even measurable. It is expand the most effective use of these to information on subjects such as the sac­ methods to meet the principal and everyday charin debate, genetic engineering, nuclear possible to measure information transfer in terms of cognitive gains by testing how much demands -:if museums. reactors, solar energy, air and noise pollution, Science centers have been forerunners food supply, and other critical issues. Science a person can do, or how many questions he can answer correctly, before and after ex­ among educational institutions in lntroduc­ centers a.re peculiarly adapted to presenting ing participatory experiences which provide this material understandably. Few of these posure to a. given exhibit message.11-1a But if the results of the cognitive testing are dis­ effective but informal learning techniques. issues were publicly evident when many peo­ The findings of Laetsch, Screven, and Shet­ ple completed their formal education; the appointing, the value of the visit should probably not be written off without knowing tle correlate well with the theories of many science center affords access to authoritative educo.tors who have found that learning is information in a setting where people can anything about the affective or attitudinal impact of the visit. As long a.s evaluation of enhanced when the learner is involved in keep abreast of new developments in science self-discovery.is Involving the learner in and technology voluntarily and on a lifelong ~he museum experience is carried out with basis. methodologies designed to measure cognitive what is to be learned is a.n approach basic to gains, or the quantity of information ab­ science centers. Shettle studied the educa­ The learning opportunities available at tional and attitudinal impact of exhibits and science-technology centers comprise a re­ sorbed, the danger exists that museum ex­ hibits will fall short of their potential to be stated that "active participation hei~htens source that can be understood best in the the acquisition and retention of informa­ context of a change in public attitudes to­ inspirational and provocative stimula.tors of tion." l!! ward formal and informal education and lei­ ideas a.s well as transmitters of knowledge. sure time. A survey of high school graduates' New evaluation tools need to be developed The concepts of "visitor involvement" and satisfaction with their educational achieve­ that can meaningfully register the museum­ "participatory exhibit" have undergone some ments during the past 10 years since their goer's attitudes and feelings, not only about basic changes in recent years as a result of high school graduation showed that 46 per­ science but a.bout the informal learning en­ m1-1seum research on viewer attention span cent were dissatisfied with their intellectual vironment itself. Photography is not a. meas­ and of nonmuseum research on cognitive and accomplishments.9 This would partially ex­ urement tool, yet one only has to look at affective processes. The earliest exhibits deemed participatory were those in which plain the findings of Hyman 10 that indicate photographs of people interacting with ex­ that 50 million adults a.re currently engaged the role of the viewer was limited to pushing hibits for evidence that something more than a. button which then activated the exhibit in pursuing some form of continuing educa­ information transfer is taking place. Sys­ tion and that only 9.6 million of those adults on a fixed course, started a tape recording or tematic tools need to be designed that can lit up a panel bearing a printed message. are enrolled in programs that lead to a degree interpret what the camera. has always been or other certification from an educational in­ Thus, the push-button variety of exhibit was stitution. The remaining 40.4 million a.re in­ able to capture: laughter, concentration, per­ considered an early mode of viewer partici­ volved in courses, classes, symposia., and dis- plexity, satisfaction, curiosity, surprise, a.we, pation. and the thrill of discovery. Tre~sel has sug­ With the advent of systematic exhibit Footnotes at end of article. gested that one of the most important accom- evaluation, the participatory nature of push- 7718 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 20, 1978 button exhibits fell lnt.o dispute. Eason and and speculate upon the struoture and func­ receptive to the museum's message, and the Llnn explained "the term pa.rtlclpa.tory does tlon of its anatomy as an adaptation to its capa.b111ty of the museum to transmit the not refer to exhibits equipped menely with natural habitat. Thus, one ls moved to ask message in a multlsensory and yet authentic start buttons or audio tapes. Pa.rtlclpa.tory more profoundly, "Why does a.n iguana. have manner-indicates the presence of conditions exhibits actively involve the visitor in dis- thick skin?" or "Why do a. rabbit's ea.rs differ favorable to learning. covering information through his own par- from those of a.·ca.t?" Although no conclusive data. exist, it can ticipa.tion in the demonstration process".10 If participation is enhanced by ma.ximiz­ be deduced from available research that ex­ In a more recent study, Borun found that ing a.ccessib111ty to a.n object and its intrinsic hibits can be considered an educational push buttons correlate negatively with learn- features, can trees, animals, water, sand, and medium, but that new evaluation models ing, and that successful participatory learn- prisms be called third-generation partici­ must be developed. The present educational ing devices a.re those that a.now ma.nlpula.- pa.tory exhibits? The addition of interpreta­ and anthropological evaluation models that tion, experimentation, and va.ria.tion.11 tive devices to models representing these have been imposed on the science and tech­ La.etsch, in attempting to determine the es- natural objects and materials may facmtate nology center environment a.re inadequate. sentla.l properties for a.n instructionally effl- viewer learning, but it does so at the expanse To ascertain the full potential -for learning cent and effective exhibit, concluded "some of reducing the viewer's range for discovery. in science centers, systematic data must be feedback loop between the person and object The posslb111ties for learning through par- gathered about the characteristics and effec­ a.ppears to be necessa.ry".17 ticipatory exhibits seem to be endless. But tiveness of the informal learning environ­ Currently, push-button exhibits a.re con- the possibillties for measuring what is ment offered by science centers. Methods for sidered first-generation participatory exhib- learned have not even begun to be realized. collecting evidence that a.re not dependent its. In this context, a.n attempt to Improve One can learn the color of animals or the on the exogenous variables that each visitor upon the push-button exhibit and cor- height of trees from a book or lecture or brings to the science center environment rect its deficiencies has resulted In the de- film. But manipulating a. live rabbit or tree, must be devised. velopment of exhibits that provide for viewer or opera.ting a. real computer, produces more - JlEFERENCES AND NOTES dependent variation. Many of these exhibits- than a. knowledge of its physical properties; a.re in the form of self-teaching machines, it produces affective responses, and it is 1 Museums USA (National Endowment for which offer a. number of a.dva.nta.ges over these affective responses that so far have not the Arts, Washington, D.C. 1974), p. 48. their push-button predecessors. They are been measured adequately. Goodman has 'A Profile of Science-Technology Centers equipped with several buttons instead of one, noted that it ls important to address the (Association of Science-Technology Centers, and may offer the viewer a.n opportunity to "whole person" in any education endeavor. Washington, D.C., 1975), p. 3. select the button that he thinks ls appro- In addition to the cognitive realm, it is cru­ 3 The Oregon Museum of Science and In­ prla.te in response to a. series of stimuli. clal that we acknowledge and focus on the dustry in Portland sponsors the "Wild Often the visitor will be asked by the exhibit a.ffectlve.e Parties." to select the correct answer to a question Oppenheimer argues that the attributes 'H. D. Thier and M. C. Linn, Curator 3, from a. multiple-choice set of responses, and of participatory exhibits, "their beauty, 233 (1976). usually the exhibit will give immediate feed.;,- their multiple linkages with different 5 D. Yankelovich, personal communication. back on whether the answer ls right or themes, the inclusion of extraneous possl­ 6 J. Goodman, personal communication. wrong. This method seems to have some sue- b111t1es for intervention and discovery, have 1 H. D. Thier, "Opportunities for learning," cess in helping visitors to lea.rn.13 proved important to the overall effectiveness paper presented a.t the annual meeting of the The inclusion of feedback mechanisms of the museum" .19 He sees most of the ex­ Association of Science-Technology Centers lnto exhibits would appear to be, as La.etsch hlblt pieces a.t the Exploratorlum (San Fran­ in Portland, Ore., 20 to 22 February 1974 claimed, essential if the object is to maxi- clsco) as links in a. pedagogical cha.in, with (Association of Science-Technology Centers, mize learning. People tend to repeat a. be- many links common to several different Washington, D.C., 1974), p. 2. havlor when positive reinforcement ls given; chains. Thus, the Relative Motion Swing, s W. M. Laetsch, in Highlights of the Inter­ Shettle has found that people tend to dlscon- which has a. swinging table beneath a pen­ national Conference of Science and Tech­ tinue a. behavior when no reinforcement is dulum on the same period, can be used in nology Museums (Association of Science­ given a.swell a.s when negative reinforcement many contexts. "We can use it in talking Technology Centers, Washington, D.C., 1976), is glven.12 a.bout vectors, poralized light, Lissajous fig- p. 7. Whlle Shettle has demonstrated that inter- ures, phase, amplitude and frequency, damp­ 9 H. Hodgkinson, in Highlights of Measur­ actlve devices improve lea.rning,12 it must be ing, kinetic and potential energy, frame of ing the Immeasurable: A Workshop on Mu­ remembered that he ls referring to on-the- reference, and relative motlon".19 Chase, seum Effectiveness (Association of Science­ spot learning and to the learning of a finite after conducting a museum study on the Technology Centers, Washington, D.C., 1976), amount of informa.tion contained in the environment, states "objects that allow tan­ p. 7. instructiona.l format of the exhibit. Others gible, direct, personal and complementary 10 M. B. Hyman, Adult Education Survey have suggested that while automated ex- experiences ... a.re most meaningful when Association of Science-Technology Centers, hlbits ma.y increase the likelihood of learn- they are linked to other components of the Washington, D.C., 1976), p. 4. Ing some things, they actually limit the museum learning environment".20 11 M. Borun, Measuring the lmmersurable: potential for learning many more things by To carry these findings to a logical con­ A Pilot Study of Museum Effectiveness (Asso­ designlng all but a few possib111ties out of clusion, if the cognitive and affective experi­ of Science-Technology Centers, Washington, the exhibit. Self-teaching machines allow ences gained by the museum visitor can be D.C., 1977). choices, bu.t from a. preesta.bllshed set of linked to the internal and external experi­ 13 H. H. Shettle, Museum News 52 (No. 1), alterna.tives. They do not allow an opportu- ences that occur in everyday living, then 32 (1973). nity for raising questions other than those the informal kind of learning that is possible 13 C. G. Screven, ibid. 52 (No. 5), 67 (1974). raised by the machine, or for learning infor- in museums ls invaluable. It becomes lm­ 14 G. Tressel, in Highlights of the Inter­ mation other than that transmitted by the portant to understand ways in which oppor­ national Conference of Science and Tech­ machine. tunities for learning in the museum can be nology Museums (Association of Science­ Moreover, it has been demonstrated that enhanced by appropriate linkages to other Technology Centers, Washington, D.C. 1976), mechanical devices and moving parts a.re not learning environments, as well as ways in p. 9. necessary to render a participatory experl- which lea.ming in other environments might 16 C. G. Screven, personal communication. ence. "A tree has no pushbuttons or gadgets be enhanced through appropriate linkages 1sL. P. Eason and M. C. Linn, Curator 1, 45 attached to It. But one can look at it, ue to museums. (1976). under it, climb it, feel It, study the bark and CONCLUSION 11 w. M. Laetsch, personal communication. cambium layer and root hairs, extract sap, Little data. have been collected to prove 1s Anonymous, "Adopt-a-Tree Program at learn a.bout photosynthesis, hear the rustle that the experiences that people have in sci­ Hall of Science Believes Fam111arity Breeds of the leaves, and .watch the sway of the ence centers a.re educational. Two factors Ecology," ASTC Newletter 4 (No. 4), 9 (1977). branches," says Oppenheimer.u suggest that the potential for learning in 19 F. Oppenheimer, Technology Review 7 science centers ls great. (1) The dramatic No. 7), 31 ( 1976). Many science centers make use of llve 20 animals in their exhibits and educational rise in attendance during the past decade R. A. Chase, Museum News 54 (No. 1), programs. La.etsch has found that llve ani­ and the enthusiasm of repeat visitors reflect 37 (1975) .• mals have more attention-holding power a strong public demand for science centers than any other kind of exhibit except com­ to provide exhibits designed to help the visi­ puters, each averaging 15 minutes. Other tor develop a. better understanding of the HOSPITAL COST CONTAINMENT types of exhibits surpassed in holding power contemporary scientific Issues of society. (11) by the llve animals were passive displays (30 Objects housed in the museum form the seconds), push-button-activated devices basis of alternative, participatory educational HON. JAMES C. CORMAN (2.5 minutes), puzzles (5 minutes), and programs. Museums are the only institutions OF CALIFORNIA games (5 minutes), including noncomputer that can provide the general public with self-teaching exhiblts.s Neither a tree nor a these kinds of participatory experiences, to­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES goat has push buttons, nor does an iguana gether with an accurate scientific interpre­ Monday, March 20, 1978 or a rabbit have gadgets attached; yet one tation of the materials that are involved. The can feel, hold, or feed a goat or rabbit, interaction of these two factors-ithe predis­ e Mr. CORMAN. Mr. Speaker, Mal examine its coloring, observe its behavior, position on the pa.rt of the visitors to be Schechter has been one of Washington's March 20, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7719 most perceptive health reporters for 20 cused on a.cute care a.re partly the reason. ment, a report which called for total Fed­ years. As correspondent of Hospital But it a.lso is true that nobody has held the eral assumption of responsibility for industry's feet to the fire. We wind up, then, Practice magazine and more recently with excess hospital capacity in many a.reas­ management of nuclear waste but only as publisher of several newsletters cov­ and no home care. Anybody who wants to a partial assumption of the costs. That is ering the health field, he has shown a see imaginative hospital planning for geria­ eating your cake and having it too, want­ rare ability for cutting through the :tric needs, including home care. should ing to go to lunch but have the other cliches and getting to the heart of a talk to Greater Southeast Community ·Hos­ guy pay for it, or whatever other analogy matter. Mr. Schechter's editorial in the pital in Washington, a. town with 2,000 excess one would want to use. It is simply un­ February 24 issue of the newsletter, hospital beds right under Congress' nose. realistic. If the Federal Government is Health Cost Containment, deals with the How do we make hospitals more efficient to assume total responsibility, it must at doing the things that ought to be done? problem of hospital cost controls. But his The answer lies in an open process of plan­ also assume the total costs which go is not the standard fare. He feels that, as ning and budgeting, that is, through health along with that responsibility, at least closer public scrutiny of hospital budgets planning agencies. We think it is inevitable insofar as other levels of government are develops, major attention should be given that reimbursement controls and planning concerned. to getting the hospitals to do the things will fuse, making local planning agencies a While I was unable to be at that meet­ that should be done-such as the provi­ crucial pressure point. Hospitals wm sub­ ing in person, because I was attending to sion of home care to the chronically ill mit budgets for review, and, once approved other duties in Buffalo, I was able to and elderly-and not just to those things in an open, lay-dominated forum, they wm prepare and have offered a statement for be funded. A missing ingredient: how to get that the hospitals are already doing or ca.re givers to compete for a limited number the RECORD, one detailing my position on that they want to do. of bucks. Some method of setting national, this important question. Mr. Speaker, I respectfully request that regional and local spending limits clearly is Because the issue is of continuing im­ Mal Schechter's editorial from the Feb­ needed. One byproduct would be to give busi­ portance to Congress and special impor­ ruary 24 issue of Health Cost Contain­ ness some certainty for budgeting its own tance to the people of western New York. ment be inserted in the RECORD at this contribution to health benefits at a. reason­ I wish to make that statement a part of point: able rate of controlled growth. our RECORD here today. It follows: This editorial has gotten a. little longer OETTING DOWN TO BRASS TACKS WHEN You STATEMENT OF REPRESENTATIVE JACK KEMP AT REALLY NEED A BLUEPRINT: A DEBATE OVER than we intended. There is plenty more one could say, but the basic point has been put. THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY PUBLIC MEET­ CONTAINING COSTS IGNORES REVIEW OF Hos­ ING ON OPTIONS FOR THE WESTERN NEW One final shot: we a.re convinced more and PITAL PURPOSES more of the absurdity of saying that the YORK NUCLEAR FUEL SERVICE CENTER There is something out of joint a.bout the nation can't have national health insurance The country is watching West Valley current debate on hospital cost containment, untll health costs a.re brought under control. today. It ls watching not only what is done the Administration's legislation, the volun­ We don't think they ever will be brought un­ but also how it is done. The formulation of tary alternative, and the Rostenkowski ri­ der control without national health insur­ a critically important public policy, one poste. All of this may be step 3 or 4 of a. ance; it's the proverbial cart before the which may impact substantially upon the debate in which step 1 or 2 is: To what ex­ horse. We think business is being led a.stray types of energy fuels we. our chlldren and tent is what hospitals and doctors do really by arguments pitched to its often-Justified their children will use in the future, must a. high priority vis-a-vis community needs skepticism, if not fear, of bigger government. be based on reality. Neither unfounded and resources? (I.E., should they fund CAT There happen to be purposes that are best hysteria nor saying we have nothing to scanners or home-health services?) served through governmentl\l mechanisms, worry about will help us, in the end, resolve Business ought to a.sk-a.nd keep a.sklng­ qualified by intelligent publlc ,particiP-atlon this matter. this question. There is always danger that and oversight. We think cdst ~;contai~t But everyone concerned with the problem institutions lose touch with the reality of is wrongly approached a.s a.n\e~op­ must understand it is not worth endanger­ human need and resources and being to serve osltion; the right context is '8. public plan­ ing the health or life of a single human themselves. There is a. growing literature ning, budgeting, funding process with plenty being because of a postponement of address­ from economists and others a.bout how hos­ of grassroots say by business and other ing ourselves to the problem and the expedi­ pitals serve themselves and drain resources interests.e tious effecting of a solution. that might better go into other activities. There are three questions with which the We a.re prompted to these remarks after a. Department of Energy study of the options day spent in Room 2255 of the Rayburn Office available as to the Nuclear Fuel Services Building for a. hearing on home ca.re by the THE FUTURE OF THE NUCLEAR Center must answer: House Aging Committee. If you don't see at FUEL REPROCESSING CENTER AT How we got to today; once why such a. hearing might be important WEST VALLEY, N.Y., AND THE FED­ What ls to be done with respect to the to business, we will just mention that at ERAL GOVERNMENT'S ROLE AND wastes, the fac111ty and the site; and lea.st ha.If the health spending in this coun­ RESPONSIBILITY IN THAT FU­ Who ls to pay and why? try is for chronic 1llness and that the 65-plus TURE HOW WE GOT TO TODAY population, the beneficiaries of Socia.I Secu­ In 1957 the Federal Government sought rity ca.sh and health benefits, is 22 million industrial and State participation in reproc­ and growing, with the frailest segment (over HON. JACK F. KEMP essing radioactive waste and in their stor­ age 75) growing a.t a. faster pace than the OF NEW YORK age. It is important to keep in mind as we genera.I elderly population. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES go through this inquiry that the impetus Many in the pa.eked room were moved by which led eventually to today came from the stories of persevering middle-aged, mid­ Monday, March 20, 1978 the Federal Government. dle-class sons and daughters who were hav­ • Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, the issue of In 1961 New York State acquired the pre­ ing great difficulty in helping disabled pa.r­ F-ent site, and in the following year Nuclear ents stay out of institutions. The point was nuclear waste disposal is an important li'uel Services, Inc., was formed By W. R. ma.de time after time that absence of a. $3 one. Last year Congress addressed itself Grace Company and AMF. Between 1962 and or $4-a.n-hour home-health aide, or of a. visit­ to it by requiring the Department of 1963 a lease and waste storage agreement ing nurse, or of a. houseca.11 physician was Energy to formulate a comprehensive was negotiated between Nuclear Fuel Serv­ stressing these families to the economic and national policy with respect to the dis­ ices and the New York State Energy Research emotional breaking point--a.nd channeling posal of existing and future nuclear & Development Authority. A base load agree­ their pa.rents into those high-cost hospitals ment was reached with the Federal Govern­ and nursing homes. waste. This issue is of particular importance ment's Atomic Energy Commission to Genera.I Accounting Office witnesses re­ provide an initial load for the plant, a. load ported results of a. study that showed that to the people of western New York be­ understood to be sufficient to insure the many fa.mmes invested more in the main­ cause one of the major nuclear fuel re­ success of Nuclear Fuel Services as a com­ tenance of disabled elderly persons at home processing centers, one which operated mercial venture. The Atomic Energy Com­ than did public agencies. These investments between 1966 and 1972, is located at West mission insisted that the State of New York don't show up in the $180-billion-a.-yea.r pace Valley, about an hour's drive south of take responslb111ty for the long term ca.re of national spending for health ca.re. Buffalo. and custody of the radioactive wastes. After We were waiting for someone to ask why This past weekend our colleague STAN those assurances were given by the State, hospitals and other elements of the medical/ LuNDINE and the Department of Energy ut111ty contracts were negotiated, providing hospital complex weren't moving quickly to a limited initial commercial load with no meet the great need for home ca.re. We didn't held a public meeting at West Valley, a responslb111ty for wastes. ltea.r the question raised. The fa.ct is that meeting on the future of that reprocess­ The plant was constructed between 1963 nationally hospitals have done a dismal Job ing center. That meeting came only 2 and 1965, and between 1966 and 1972 that in home care; they can plead, justifiably, we days after the Department released its plant processed 600 tons of fuel, 75-percent think, that reimbursement mechanisms fo- draft report on nuclear waste manage- of which was Federal Government source, 7720 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 20, 1978 three out of each four tons processed. In ning for the disposition of this material mobile, an aircraft or an electric generating 1970 the Atomic Commission, an instrument should then be integrated into total DOE plant. of the Federal Government, changed its pol­ planning for high level wastes at all I am firmly persuaded, however, that 11a­ icy with respect to long-term storage of sites.... Similarly, other possible appli­ b111ty for any such costs rests entirely with radioactive wastes, in essence insisting upon cations of the West Valley site to meet fu­ the Federal Government, as I have indicated. the Federal care and custody of such wastes. ture national and state needs should be No private organization should be pro­ The Nuclear Regulatory Commission, a Fed­ considered. tected from poor business judgment, one eral agency and successor to an element Costs associated with assumption of Fed­ which results in commercial failure. But, previously within the Atomic Energy Com­ eral responsib111ties should be shared by the when the Federal Government assumes re­ mission, sustained that new policy. In short, participants so that all parties have a finan­ sponsib111ty for the complete regulation of the new rules required wastes to be solidified cial stake in the decisions taken to restore an ln.dustry, as it did here, it must also and shipped to a Federal waste disposal area, the site to productive use, if this is desired, assume the responsibillty for the economic rather than retaining the wastes in a liquid and in removal of undesired waste materials. consequences of such substantial changes form, as had been contemplated in the con­ Now, what does all of this mean. in regulations that the viability of the in­ struction of the NFS Center. That change in First, that the Federal Government is dustry 1~ undermined. policy made further commercial reprocessing wllling to accept responsibility for the low­ In light of this point and the realities on uneconomical. level waste burial ground and the high which it is based, there is no re-a.son for the Based on the change in pollcy and on the level waste at West Valley. This is presum­ State of New York and thereby its taxpayers fact that such a change made further com­ ably in recognition of their 75-percent role to assume these costs. Yet I have heard dis­ mercial operation of the Center's fac111ties in providing those wastes. turbing rumors in recent weeks that the impractical, NFS notified the publlc, Fed­ Second, the Federal Government desires pre<"..,ent New York State Government may be eral agencies, and the State of such a deci­ the viewpoints and the expertise of State in the process of agreeing to pay as much as sion. It also notified the State of its inten­ and local governments, viewpoints which 50-percent of the yet-to-be-determined costs. tion not to renew the existing lease beyond can be expressed openly here today. This could add a tax burden of as much as 1980, a lease the terms of which not only Third, we do not know what the Federal $300 mlllion-nearly half of the proposed provided for that contingency but also for Government intends to do with the West tax cut which New Yorkers are supposed to the State to take over the entire site and Valley facilities after assuming their re­ receive under the terms of the new State facilities, including the wastes, upon the ex­ sponsib111ty. The inference is made in the budget. piration of the lease. Report that operations at the fac111ty could This State's leadership has a regrettable Last year the State of New York, based be resumed. history of selecting the highest cost alterna­ upon the preponderant role of the Federal Fourth, even though the Federal Govern­ tives for its operations. I see no reason to Government in the operation of the facm­ ment wishes to assume responsibi11ty for continue that history. If the Governor wishes ties, including supplying 75-percent of the the wastes and the m.an~ement of nuclear to make the point to the people that" the spent fuel and governing the fac111ties' oper­ waste in the future, it feels those costs costs a.re a result of an agreement arrived at ations through its policies, sought a Federal should be shared by the participants, with­ by a prior Governor, he ought simply to say takeover of the site. Faced with the pollcy out clearly defining the participants. Does it, make the point, and get on with placing question of what ought to be done, Congress that mean the State of New York and its the present responsibility where tt really authorized the study by the Department of State Energy Research and Development Au­ lies, with the Federal Government. It is not Energy which brings us to these and other thority? Commercial ventures which sup­ too late for the State to reverse its historical meetings. plied 25-percent of the spent fuel? It then pattern and insist upon full Federal liab111ty What is to be done wtth respect to the wants unrecovered DOE costs for low level for costs associated with the NFS decom­ wastes, the facilities and the site? burial grounds to be recovered in charges missioning. My staff was informt!d this week by an en­ for future low level services to all custom­ In summation, I think the Buffalo Cou­ gineer with the Department of Energy that ers, a strong hint of future activity. rier-Express hit the nail on the head when it the 600.000 gallons of liquid wastes now at Let me comment on those points. editoria.Iized a.bout this matter last year, the West Valley site would reduce to approx­ First, the Federal Government should as­ commenting: imately 85 cubic feet in a solid waste form. sume responsibility for the low-level waste " ... the prime responsibility lies with the That ls a block of only four feet by four feet, burial ground and the high level waste. federal government, which licensed the op­ some 5 feet 4 inches high. I believe those Second, State and local government, as eration, provided much of the spent fuel wastes should be moved to a Federal storage well as community interests, public and and generally encouraged the undertaking area far removed from any population center, private, should be heard, and all of this (through the then-Atomic Energy Commis­ presumably on Federal lands in the West. The should be on the public record. I will return sion) . So we hope the Subcommittee (on Department of Energy's draft Report of Task to this point in a moment. Environment, Energy and Natural Resources Force for Review of Nuclear Waste Manage­ Third, I believe the site must be decom­ of the House of Representatives) will push ment, released only two days ago, has rec­ missioned as a nuclear fuel reprocessing this position and insist that it be accepted ommended, "A majority of independent center in the sense it was operated from as government policy." • technical experts has concluded that high­ 1966 to 1972. I am unalterably opposed to its level waste can be safely disposed in geologic use as a major reprocessing center, bringing !ormation, such as salt or granite." I see no wastes in from through the country or the region, reprocessing them and disposing of reason why this cannot be done and done LEGISLATION NEEDED TO SERVE far from any population centers. them at this site. The availabil1ty of the This report deserves substantial attention site for limited research and development NEEDS OF LIVESTOCK SELLERS today, because as the Federal Government's in this field remains to be seen. AND STOCKYARD OPERATORS outline of where it intends to go with re­ I want to make it clear that I am un­ spect to nuclear waste management, the de­ alterably opposed to using West Valley as a cision with respect to West Valley wlll be dumping ground for additional nuclear HON. JIM GUY TUCKER waste in the future. OF ARKANSAS made within its framework. Fourth, I believe the Federal Government Let me quote from the relevant sections IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the Report: ought to bear the total costs for this matter. To recommend that it assume the respon­ Monday, March 20, 1978 A majority of independent technical ex­ sibility but only a share of the cost is to ·perts have concluded that high-level insult our intelligence; it's analogous to • Mr. TUCKER. Mr. Speaker, I am a co­ waste ... can be safely disposed in geologi- having its cake and eaating it too. It also sponsor of H.R. 9482, to amend the Pack­ cal media... . ignores the role of the Federal Government ers a·nd Stockyard Act of 1921 to better The responsib111ty for the ultimate dis­ in having brought the fac111ty into exist­ posal for all forms of nuclear waste should serve the needs of livestock sellers and ence, providing it with 75-percent of its stockyard operators in rural areas. be w1 th the Federal Oovernment. . . . work, and then changing the rules and reg­ The Task Force recommends that DOE as­ ulations to such a degree that it put the This legislation is necessary to relieve sume responsib111ty for the ownership and commercial venture out of business. .small competitive auction barns in my management of the six present commercial This brings us to our last principal point. State of Arkansas from the burden of ex­ low-level waste burial grounds. These are lo­ Who is to pay and why? cessive Federal regulation. Under cur­ cated at . . . West Valley, New York. . . . The most pressing problem for the peoole rent law, rural auction barns are treated Federal management of nuclear waste for of New York ls the issue of potential lia­ like public utilities with regulated ultimate disposal cannot take place inde­ b11ity for the costs of decommissioning. De­ charges. The bill we are recommending pendently of local concerns. State and local oe!lding upon the disposal technique se­ governments have an important role to play will establish an animal unit as one head le~ted, the cost of decommissioning the of cattle, one calf, one horse, three hogs, in the process. Their viewpoints, and local plant ranges from $20 million to $600 mil­ expertise, must be more effectively integrated lion. It is important to remember, as these and four sheep. Weekly auction barns; into national planning. figures are analyzed, that there really is no that is, any barn that sells less than DOE should accept responsib111ty for the up~er limit on expenditure for absolute 100,000 animal units annually, would be high level waste at West Valley.... Plan- safety in anything, whether it is an auto- exempt from Federal regulation. If such March 20, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7721 a barn is more than 75 miles from a com­ centers, legal services, and employment on wheels" program. Unfortunately, current peting barn, the maximum number of programs for our older citizens. funding levels on Federal nutrition programs head that could be sold free of Federal In testimony prepared for the hearing, prohibit Brighton Beach from having a. "meals on wheels" program of its own, due intervention would be 20,000. I expressed the views of many of my con­ to the ceiling on funds under Title XX of Let me briefly trace the situation t.hat stituents in calling for an increase in the Social Security Act and the fa.ct that has necessitated this legislation action funding for these programs, particularly only 20 percent of the funds available under to secure a fair return on livestock sales for the nutrition programs which pro­ Title VII of the Older Americans Act ca.n be by small rural auction barns. In 1976, vide meals at reduced costs for the used for a. delivered meals program. auction barn managers in Arkansas were elderly, and for an extension of home The storm displayed in a. very vivid man­ getting a 3-percent commission on gross health care services to more of our ner to me just how important such nutrition sales up to $2,000 and 2 percent on any­ programs a.re for our home-bound senior chronically ill senior citizens. citizens. I urge the Congress and the Ad­ thing over that. When labor costs in­ The testimony fallows: \\, l - ministration to break the deadlock on expan­ creased from $2.30 to $2.65, the mana­ As the Representative of the-13th Congres­ sion of delivered mea.l programs a.nd to gers asked for a reasonable 1-percent in­ sional District of New York, I a.m privileged change the various regulations under Title crease in commission to cover their to represent the district with more senior VII so tha.t more of the senior citizens who costs. Their request was turned down by citizens tha.n a.ny other district outside of need home-delivered meals can receive them. the Packers and Stockyard Administra­ the state of Florida.. They are a.n active con­ Also, the regulations requiring hot meals tion which in tum proposed a national stituency who keep me informed on the im­ delivery might be changed to a.How some ex­ pact of federal programs... on their lives a.nd periments with frozen foods a.nd the delivery-­ commission lower than the -3-percent­ well being, a.nd it is because of their need for of several meals at one time. and 2-percent combined rates. The services that I appear before you today. An even more serious problem facing our USDA stated as part of the rationale for Today older Americans are no lQngcr con­ senior citizens is health ca.re. One of the most the low rate proposal the need to weed tent with being "forgotten Americlf,ns", they frustrating experiences in dealing with con­ out livestock operators from what they are working actively to improve their posi­ stituents who need home health care a.nd so­ described as an unfeasible market. An tion in our economic a.nd social order. As a cial s.~rvices is the large number of pro­ administrative law proceeding subse­ co-sponsor of the legislation to extend the grams that provide these services, with their quently set a rate per head which is in­ protection a.gs.inst job discrimination to per­ different regulations, requirements, a.nd types sons over 65, a.nd to end ma.nEv!:L• deeply held cultural convictions may OPMENT CENTER ACT, AS OF MARCH 17, 1978 HON. FREDERICK W. RICHMOND participate to the maximum extent pos­ 1. Hon. Addabbo, Joseph P. (D-NY). OF NEW YORK sible in business ownership, and that the 2. Hon. Akaka, Daniel K. (D-Hawall). 3. Hon. Aspin, Les (D-Wis). IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES competitive viability of their businesses 4. Hon. Badmo, Herman (D-NY). Monday, March 20, 1978 will be insured .through the provision of 5. Hon. Barnard, Doug (D-Ga). a wide range of Government assistance. 6. Hon. Baucus, Max (D-Mont)·. • Mr. RICHMOND. Mr. Speaker, on The passage of this legislation is a 7. Hon. Bedell, Berkley (D-Iowa). March 20, 1978, the House passed by giant step forward for our Nation, if we 8. Hon. Blouin, Michael (D-Iowa.). voice vote H.R. 11318, amendments to are to obtain social and economic equal­ 9. Hon. Bowen, David (D-Mlss). the Small Business Investment Act and ity for all of our citizens and improve 10. Hon. Breckinridge, John (D-Ky). the Small Business Act. the functioning of our local and national 11. Bon. Brodhead, William M. (D-Mlch). This legislation deals with matters of economies.• 7724 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 20, 1978 GOVERNMENT DEADHEAD permanent jobs, the company halted the in enabling mortgage lenders, home· REGULATIONS project after spending 2 years going builders, real estate brokers, as well as through this review process, spending home buyers and sellers, to work in pre­ $4 million and obtaining only four per­ dictable and relatively stable conditions HON. JAMES M. COLLINS mits. Environmental impact statements in an otherwise volatile market. The OF TEXAS can run up a big bill. The EIS for one FNMA commitment gives the housing in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES off-shore oilfield in the Santa Barbara dustry the confidence it needs to weather Channel required nearly 1,300 pages and difficult periods while preserving the Monday, March 20, 1978 took 2 years to prepare. Unnecessary free-enterprise character of home build­ • Mr. COLLINS of Texas. Mr. Speaker, Government inspection is another source ing. Healthy and vital home-building in­ one of the most serious threats to of regulatory excessiveness. Although the dustry is an essential part of continued Americans today are the Government Public Health Service recommends that economic recovery. deadhead regulations which are devour­ milk plants be inspected twice a year, I am hopeful that the final regula­ ing the American economy. Overregula­ the average inspection rate is 24 times tions adopted by HUD will reflect the im­ tion is consuniJng both jobs and profits, annually. And one plant reported that it portance of free enterprise in the real and we must put an immediate halt to was inspected 47 times in 1 month. estate business. I am confident that the this monster which is eating us up. We are seeing fewer and fewer new administration will consider the com­ Let's look at the growth of the bureauc­ products come to the market strictly be­ ments and criticisms of FNMA and other racy since the time of our first Presi­ cause of Government redtape. New prod­ interested parties in developing useful dent. In 1789, George Washington es­ uct applications under the Insecticide, and constructive regulations. Following tablished two agencies-one to regulate Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act have de­ are excerpts from an FNMA statement on the payment of pensions to Revolution­ clined from 5,400 in fiscal 1975 to 1,700 this matter: ary War veterans and one to regulate in 1977. New product registrations were REGULATIONS GoVERNING OPERATION OF THE duties collected on imported goods. The only 1 out of 17 applied for as opposed to FEDERAL NATIONAL MORTGAGE ASSOCIATION Congress expanded the number of regu­ 1 out of 3 in 1975. With fewer new prod­ BACKGROUND latory bodies to six in 1887, an addition ucts coming to the marketplace, less jobs On February 24, 1978, Secretary of Houc:ing of only four agencies in 100 years time. are created and businesses find it hard and Urban Development Patricia Roberts We are now dealing with more than to expand. Not to mention the small busi­ Harris published proposed amendments to 1,250 Federal advisory boards, commit­ nessman with a bright idea who is driven regulations concerning the operations of the Federal National Mortgage Association tees, commissions, and councils involved out of the competition simply because he (FNMA). The proposed regulations exceed in the regulation of business. Think of cannot afford the time or expense of go­ the Secretary's limited regulatory authority it-1,244 bodies of Government added in ing through the bureaucracy to have his over FNMA a.nd threaten to disrupt FNMA's the past 90 years compared to the 6 that product marketed. secondary market operations to the serious grew out of the first 100 years of this More detailed recordkeeping calls for detriment of homeowners to whom FNMA country's existence. more management time and outside provides an important source of mortgage Big Government has led to bureau­ experts which takes a toll on the time credit and the home building and housing and money managers can devote to the finance industries. cratic intervention in the private sec­ FNMA ls a Congressionally chartered pri­ tor costing consumers tens of billions of investment end of a company's business. vate corporation created for the sole pur­ dollars each year. The hidden tax of reg­ Managers must now spend their time pose of "providing supplementary a<:slstance ulation is passed on through increased filling out forms, posting notices, and to the secondary market for home mort­ costs of goods to the consumer. How does answering trivial questions; and the gages by providing a. degree of liquidity for the American public feel about this reg­ burden is heaviest on the small business­ mortgage investments, thereby improving ulatory overkill? A January 1977 Gal­ man who does not have extra staff. In the distribution of investment capital avall­ lup poll found that 39 percent of the regulating the pension plans, the Gov­ a.ble for home mortgage financing." FNMA American people believe that big Gov­ ernment so increased the cost to the accomplishes this statutory purpose by pur­ small businessman that 30 percent of the chasing residential mortgages and financing ernment is the biggest threat to the these purchases with the sale of common country in the future. A 1976 Harris private pension plans were driven out of stock and corporate debt to the investing survey found that 76 percent of the peo­ business in a 3-year period. public. · ple think that the trouble with Govern­ We have reached a period of regula­ FNMA operates primarily through its Free ment is that the elected officials have tory dictation in this country which is Market System Actions. At these biweekly lost control over the bureaucrats, who totally. undermining the economy and the auctions, FNMA sells commitments to pur­ really run things. balance of growth. Unless the tide is chase mortgages at a future date. The pur­ The paperwork burden imposed on turned, growth will stop and more chaser of the commitment (mortgage origi­ Americans will be out of work.• nator) has the option of dellverlng the business by Government is a dominant mortgage to FNMA or not doing so, 1f it factor in the increased overhead costs of can secure a higher price elsewhere. FNMA producinc goods and services. According does not announce the amount of mort­ to a National Federation of Independent gages it wlll purchase or the minimum yield Business study, there are now 4,400 REGULATIONS FOR FEDERAL NA­ it will accept before the auction. types of approved Federal forms in­ TIONAL MORTGAGE- ASSOCIATION FNMA gives mortgage originators the se­ curity of knowing that they can sell their flicted on the businessman. One hun­ loans at a predetermined yield, regardless dred forty-three million man-hours are HON. JIM GUY TUCKER of interest rate fluctuations. It ls the com­ spent each year just to :fill them out. Dow OF ARKi\NSAS mitment from FNMA that enables mort­ Chemical Co. recently conducted an IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gage lenders to enter into loan agrtements; extensive study to find out what Gov­ home builders to proceed with construction ernment regulations had cost their com­ Monday, March 20, 1978 plans; and real estate brokers, home buyers, pany over a 2-year period. Regulatory • Mr. TUCKER. Mr. Speaker, recently and home sellers, to proceed with their sales costs for Dow increased over 27 percent plans. These producers and consumers know the Federal National Mortgage Associa­ that financing will be available when needed in 1976 to over $186 million, with exces­ tion ed extension of existing hous­ Rules and Administration HUD-Tndependent Agencies Subcommittee To resume hearings on S. Res. 166, to re­ ing programs. To hold hearings on budget estimates for 5302 Dirksen Building organize administrative services of the FY 79 for the Office of Revenue Shar­ Senate, and to consider other· legisla­ ing, and New York City Season.a.I Fi­ Energy and Natural Resources tive matters. nancing Fund, Department of the Public Lands and Resources Subcommittee 301 Russell Building Tre!I.Sury. To hold hearings on S. 74, to amend P.L. Select Indian Affairs 1318 Dirksen Building 94-565 so as to include payments for To hold oversight hearings on the cur­ Human Resources lands on which certain semiactive or rent status of \he reorganization of Health and Scientific Research Subcom­ inactive mllltary installations are the Bureau of Indian Affairs. mittee located. 218 Russell Building To mark up S. 2410, to amend certain 3110 Dirksen Building 10:30 a.m. sections of the Public Health Service Judiciary Veterans• Affairs Act relative to health planning and To resume hearings on FY 79 authoriza­ To hold hearings to receive legi!'lative health resources development, and tions for the Department of Justice. recommendations from AMVETS Para- S. 2579, to establish a President's Com- 2228 Dirksen Building March 20, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7729 Select Ethics 9:30 a.m. 10:00 a.m. To continue closed hearings concerning Commerce, Science, and Transportation Commerce, Science, and Transportation alleged attempts by representatives of Surface Transportation Subcommittee To hold hearings on H.R. 9·370 and the Republic of Korea to improperly To hold oversight hearings on the Rail S. 2582, to provide for the development influence members and employees of Services Act (P.L. 94-210). of aquaculture in the United States. the Senate. 318 Russell Building 235 Russell Building Until 12:30 p.m. S-407, Capitol 10:00 a.m. Finance l:30p.m. Appropriations Public Assistance Subcommittee To resume hearings on S. 2084, to replace Select Ethics HUD Independent Agencies Subcommittee To hold hearings on budget estima.tt.s the existing Federal welfare programs To continue closed hearings concerning with a single coordinated prqgram. alleged attempts by representatives of for FY 79 for HUD. 1318 Dirksen Building 2221 Dirksen Building the Republic of Korea to improperly Human Resources influence Members and employees of Appropriations State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary Health and Scientific Research Subcom­ the Senate. mittee Until 5:00 p .m. C-407, Capitol Subcommittee To hold hearings on budget estimates To mark up S. 2549, proposed FY 79 au­ APRIL 12 for FY 79 for the Arms Control and thorizations for the National Science 9:30 a.m. Disarmament Agency, Board for Inter­ Foundation; S. 2416, to extend through Environment and Public Works national Broadcasting, International FY 81 the program of assistance for Transportation Subcommittee Communications Agency, and on sup­ nurse training; and S. 2474, to extend To mark up proposed Federal aid high­ plemental appropriations for FY 78. through FY 83 the Public Healt.h Serv­ way legislation. S-146, Capitol ice Act. 4200 Dirksen Building 457 Russell Building Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs 2:00 p.m. Human Resources . Housing and Urban Affairs Subcommittee Appropriations Health and Scientific Research Subcom­ To hold hearings on S. 2691, the Con­ State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary mittee gregate Housing Services Act. · Subcommittee To continue hearings on S. 2040, pro­ 4232 Dirksen Building To hold hearings on budget estimates posed Comprehensive Drug Amend­ Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs for FY 79 for the Department of Stat.e, ments Act. ~nd on supplemental appropriations Until 12 :30 p.m. 4232 Dirksen Building International Finance Subcommittee To resume hearings on S. 2520, FY 79 for FY 78. 10:00 a.m. authorizations for the Export-Import S-146, Capitol Approprfa. tions Bank. APRIL 18 Transportation Subcommittee 5302 Dirksen Building 9:00 a..m. To hold hearings on budget estimates Judiciary Human Resources for FY 79 for the Federal Railroad To continue hearings on FY 79 author­ Employment, Poverty, and Migratory Labor Administration. izations for the Department of Justice. Subcommittee 1224 Dirksen Building 2228 Dirksen Building To continue markup of S. 2090 and Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs S. 2081, proposing an extension of cer­ To continue hearings to consider the APRIL 14 tain programs of the Economic Oppor­ reestablishment of housing goals and 9 ~00 a.m. tunity Act-. proposed extension of existing housing Commerce, Science, and Transports. tion 4232 Dirksen Building programs. To hold hearings on S. 1896, FY 79 10:00 a.m. 5302 Dirksen Building authorizations for the Hazardous Ma­ Appropriations Commerce, Science and Transportation terials Transportation Act. State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary To hold hearings on proposed FY 79 235 Russell Building Subcommittee authorizations for the U.S. Coast Select Small Business To meet in closed session with Secre­ Guard. To hold hearings on the nomination of tary of State Vance to discuss foreign 235 Russell Building Milton D. Stewart, of New York, to be policy. Energy and Natural Resources Chief Counsel for Advocacy, Small S-146, Capitol Public Lands and Resources Subcommittee Business Administration. Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs To hold hearings on s. 242, 1812, and 424 Russell Building Financial Institutions Subcommittee 2310, bills to amend the Federal land 10:00 a.m. To hold hearings on S. 2096, Right to reclamation laws. Appropriations Financial Privacy Act, and S. 2293, to 3110 Dirksen Building modernize the banking laws with re­ HUD Independent Agencies Subcommittee gard to the geographic placement of Judiciary To continue hearings on budget esti­ To continue hearings on FY 79 author­ electric funds transfer systems. mates for FY 79 for HUD. 5302 Dirksen Building izations for the Department of Justice. 1318 Dirksen Building 2228 Dirksen Building Commerce, Science, and Transportation Governmental Affairs Rules and Administration Science, Technology, and Space Sub­ To hold hearings on S. 1029, to authorize To resume hearings on S. 991, to create a committee construction of museum support facili­ separate Cabinet-level Department of To hold hearings jointly with the Sen­ ties for the Smithsonian Institution, Education. · ate Banking Subcommittee on Inter­ · and to consider other legislative mat­ 3302 Dirksen Building national Finance on technology ex­ ters. APRIL 17 ports and research and development 301 Russell Building 9:00 a.m. investments. Room to be announced Select Indians Affairs Human Resources To resume oversight hearings on the . Employment, Poverty, and Migratory Labor Environment and Public Works current status of the reorganization Subcommittee Nuclear Regulation Subcommittee of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. To mark up s. 2090 and S. 2081 proposing To resume hearings on FY 79 authori­ 1202 Dirksen Building an extension of certain programs of the zations for the Nuclear Regulatory 2:00 p.m. Economic Opportunity Act. Commission. Appropriations 4332 Dirksen Building 4200 Dirksen Building Transports.tion Subcommittee Fina.nee Judiciary Public Assistance Subcommittee To continue hearings on budget esti­ Criminal Laws and Procedures Subcom­ mates for FY 79 for the Federal Rail­ To continue hearings on S. 2084, to re­ mittee place the existing Federal welfare road Administration. To resume hearings on S. 2013, to require 1224 Dirksen Building programs with a single coordinated the additional labeling of explosive program. APRIL 13 materials for the purpose of identifi­ 2221 Dirksen Building 9:00 a.m. cation and detection. Judiciary *Human Resources 2228 Dirksen Building To resume hearings on FY 79 authori­ Employment, Poverty, and Migratory Labor 9:30 a.m. zations for the Department of Justice. Subcommittee Environment and Public Works 2228 Dirksen Building To resume mark up of S. 50, the Full Transportation Subcommittee Select Indian Affairs Employment and Balanced Growth To resume markup of proposed Federal - To hold hearings on S. 2375, to establish Act. aid highway legislation. guidelines to be followed by the De­ 155 Russell Building 4200 Dirksen Building partment of the Interior in response 7730 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 20, 1978 to petitioning Indian tribes seeking Appropriations 2:00 a..m. an acknowledgment of a Federal re­ State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary Appropriations lationship. Subcommittee State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary 5110 Dirksen Building To receive testimony from Attorney Subcommittee 2:00 p.m. General Bell on budget estimates for To continue hearings on budget esti­ Appropriations FY 79 for the Department of Justice. mates for FY 79 for the Department of State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary S-146, Capitol Commerce, and on supplemental ap­ Subcommittee Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs propriations for FY 78. To hold hearings on budget estimates Financial Institutions Subcommittee 8-146, Capitol tor FY 79 for the International Orga­ To continue hearings on S. 2096, the APRll, 25 nizations and Conferences, and on Right to Financial Privacy Act, and 9:00 a..m. supplemental appropriations for FY S. 2293, to modernize the banking laws Human Resources 78. with regard to the geographic place­ 8-146, Capitol Employment, Poverty, and ~tgratory La· ment of electric funds transfer sys­ bor Subcommittee APRIL 19 tems. To continue markup of S. 2570, to ex­ 9:30 a.m. 5302 Dirksen Building tend the Comprehensive Employment •Judiciary Select Indian Affairs Training Act ( CETA) . Juvenile Delinquency Subcommittee 4332 Dirksen Bullding To resume oversight hearings on the To resume hearings on S.2375, to estab­ Drug Enforcement Administration's lish guidelines to be followed by the 9:30 a..m. efforts to control drug trafficking on Department of the Interior in response Judiciary U.S. borders with Mexico. to petitioning Indian tribes seeklng To resume oversight hearings on the 424 Russell Building an acknowledgment of a Federal application and enforcement of the 10:00 a.m. relationship. FBI Charter. Appropriations 318-Russell Building State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary 2:00p.m. 10:00 a.m. Subcommittee - Appropriations Appropriations To hold hearings on budget estimates State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary Subcommittee State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary for FY 79 for the Department of Jus­ Subcommittee tice, and on supplemental appropria­ To continue hearings on budget esti­ mates for FY 79 for the Department To receive testimony from Secretary ot tions for FY 78. Commerce Kreps on budget estimates S-146, Capitol of Justice. 8-146, Capitol tor FY 79 for the Department of com­ Appropriations merce. Transportation Subcommittee APRll, 21 8-146, Capitol To hold hearings on budget estimates for 9:30 a..m.. BIDlkfflg,-- Houslng, and Urban Affairs fiscal year 1979 for the Urban Mass Judiciary Transportation Administration. To continue oversight hearings on mone­ Improvements in Judicial Machinery Sub­ tary policy. 1224 Dirksen Building committees Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs To hold hearings on SS. 1314, to provide 5302 Dirksen Building Financial Institutions Subcommittee that State and Federal prisoners may Fina.nee To continue hearings on S. 2096, the petition the Federal courts in a writ Public Assistance Subcommittee Right to Financial Privacy Act, and of habeas corpus. To resume hearings on S. 2084, to replace S. 2293, to modernize the banking 2228 Dirksen Building the existing Federal welfare program laws with regard to the geographic 10 : 00 a.m. with a single coordinated program. placement of electric funds transfer Appropria.tiOil-