BIODIVERSITY AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT REPORT to inform the EIA for the proposed Makhathini Sugar Cane Project’s Agricultural Components, Jozini Local Municipality KZN272 APPENDIX 1: A DETAILED LIST OF RED DATA SPECIES FOUND WITHIN THE PROJECT AREA AND ITS 10KM BUFFER

Medicinal GROUP FAMILY TAXONNAME COMMON NAME SA Red data bk status Endemic Protected Use EKZNW Biodiversity Database - Predicted 29% Climber CUCURBITACEAE Momordica foetida Least Concern Not endemic to SA Climber ANNONACEAE Monanthotaxis caffra Dwaba-berry Least Concern Not endemic to SA Climber VITACEAE Rhoicissus digitata Baboon Grape Least Concern Not endemic to SA  Graminoids Cymbopogon excavatus Not Evaluated Not endemic to SA Herb ASPHODELACEAE Aloe vanbalenii6 Van Balen's aloe Least Concern Endemic Herb ORCHIDACEA Ansellia africana7 Leopard Orchid Lower Risk Not endemic to SA Yes Herb PEDALIACEAE Ceratotheca triloba African Foxglove Least Concern Not endemic to SA  Herb AMARYLLIDACEAE Crinum acaule Near Threatened Not endemic to SA Yes Herb CUCURBITACEAE Cucumis metuliferus Horned Cucumber Least Concern Not endemic to SA Herb CARYOPHYLLACEAE Dianthus zeyheri zeyheri African Carnation Not Evaluated Not endemic to SA Herb DIOSCOREACEAE Dioscorea sylvatica sub. sylvatica Elephant's Foot Lower Risk (near threatened) Not endemic to SA Yes  Herb ORCHIDACEAE Eulophia petersii Vulnerable Not endemic to SA Yes Herb ASTERACEAE Helichrysum woodii Rare Endemic Herb LAMIACEAE Hemizygia ramosa8 Data Deficient Not endemic to SA Herb VERBENACEAE Lippia javanica Least Concern Not endemic to SA  Herb LYTHRACEAE Nesaea wardii9 Vulnerable Not endemic to SA Herb APOCYNACEAE Pachycarpus lebomboensis10 Rare Endemic Herb RUBIACEAE Pentanisia prunelloides prunelloides Wild Verbena Least Concern Not endemic to SA  Herb ORCHIDACEAE Polystachya zuluensis11 Data Deficient Endemic Yes Shrub MALPIGHIACEAE Acridocarpus natalitius var. natalitius Moth-fruit Not Evaluated Not endemic to SA Shrub CAPPARACEAE Capparis brassii Least Concern Not endemic to SA Shrub CAPPARACEAE Capparis tomentosa Woolly Caper Bush Least Concern Not endemic to SA  Shrub CELASTRACEAE Maytenus undata Koko Tree Least Concern Not endemic to SA Shrub ANACARDIACEAE Protorhus longifolia Purple Currant Least Concern Not endemic to SA Shrub LAMIACEAE Tetradenia riparia Ginger-bush Least Concern Not endemic to SA  Tree FABACEAE Acacia xanthophloea Fever tree Least Concern Not endemic to SA Tree EBENACEAE Diospyros glandulifera Least Concern Endemic

6 EKZNW Priority Species - Nice to monitor and report on 7 Ibid. 8 Lebombo Mountains and Mkuze Game Reserve 9 Fewer than five known locations are potentially threatened by wetland destruction. Endemic to Maputaland. 10 Southern Lebombo and Ubombo Mountains from Jozini to Mkuze. 11 Lebombo Mountains. Zunckel Ecological & Environmental Services Page 71 BIODIVERSITY AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT REPORT to inform the EIA for the proposed Makhathini Sugar Cane Project’s Agricultural Components, Jozini Local Municipality KZN272

Medicinal GROUP FAMILY TAXONNAME COMMON NAME SA Red data bk status Endemic Protected Use EKZNW Biodiversity Database - Predicted 29% Tree rotundifolia var. rotundifolia Wild Least Concern Not endemic to SA Tree MELIACEAE Ekebergia capensis Cape Ash Least Concern Not endemic to SA Tree ZAMIACEAE Encephalartos ngoyanus12 Vulnerable Endemic Yes Tree ZAMIACEAE Encephalartos senticosus13 Vulnerable Endemic Yes Tree ZAMIACEAE Encephalartos villosus Least Concern Endemic Yes Tree EBENACEAE Euclea divinorum Wild Ebony Least Concern Not endemic to SA  Tree MORACEAE Ficus sur Broom Cluster Fig Least Concern Not endemic to SA  Tree BIGNONIACEAE Kigelia africana Least Concern Not endemic to SA  Tree FABACEAE Millettia sutherlandii Giant Umzimbeet Least Concern Endemic: EC & KZN Tree FABACEAE Newtonia hildebrandtii var. hildebrandtii Lebombo Wattle Lower Risk Endemic Tree CELASTRACEAE Pseudosalacia streyi14 Pondo Rock Lemon Endangered Not endemic to SA Tree PTAEROXYLACEAE Ptaeroxylon obliquum Sneezewood Least Concern Not endemic to SA  Tree MYRSINACEAE Rapanea melanophloeos Cape Beech Declining Not endemic to SA Tree ARALIACEAE Seemannaralia gerrardii Wild Maple Least Concern Endemic: EC, KZN, Limpopo, Mpumalanga Tree SAPOTACEAE Sideroxylon inerme inerme White Milkwood Least Concern Not endemic to SA Tree APOCYNACEAE Tabernaemontana elegans Toad Tree Least Concern Not endemic to SA Tree MELIACEAE Turraea obtusifolia Lesser Honeysuckle Tree Least Concern Not endemic to SA  Tree RUTACEAE Vepris lanceolata White Ironwood Least Concern Not endemic to SA Tree CANELLACEAE Warburgia salutaris15 Fever Tree Endangered Not endemic to SA 

Medicinal GROUP FAMILY TAXONNAME COMMON NAME SA Red data bk status Endemic Protected Use Field Survey 33% Climber VITACEAE Cissus quadrangularis Cactus Vine, Edible-stemmed Vine Least Concern Not endemic to SA  Climber VITACEAE Cissus rotundifolia Bushveld Grape Least Concern Not endemic to SA Climber COMBRETACEAE Combretum microphyllum Least Concern Not endemic to SA Herb ASPHODELACEAE Aloe parvibracteata Least Concern Not endemic to SA Herb AMARYLLIDACEAE Ammocharis coranica Berg Lily Least Concern Not endemic to SA Yes Herb ASTERACEAE Berkheya zeyheri Least Concern Not endemic to SA Herb COMMELINACEAE Commelina erecta Least Concern Not endemic to SA Herb AMARYLLIDACEAE Crinum bulbispermum Orange River Lily Declining Not endemic to SA Yes  Herb ACANTHACEAE Crossandra zuluensis Zulu Crossandra Least Concern Not endemic to SA Herb MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Delosperma caespitosum Least Concern Endemic to EC & KZN Herb ORCHIDACEAE Eulophia angolensis Vlei Orchid Least Concern Not endemic to SA Yes

12 EKZNW Priority Species - Nice to monitor and report on 13 Ibid. 14 Ibid. A rare tree found in only a small area within Pondoland (EOO 500 km²), where it occurs in isolated clumps within a highly specialized habitat 15 There was been at least a 50% decline in the South African population due to excessive harvesting of bark for traditional medicine, especially in KwaZulu-Natal. Zunckel Ecological & Environmental Services Page 72 BIODIVERSITY AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT REPORT to inform the EIA for the proposed Makhathini Sugar Cane Project’s Agricultural Components, Jozini Local Municipality KZN272

Medicinal GROUP FAMILY TAXONNAME COMMON NAME SA Red data bk status Endemic Protected Use Field Survey 33% Herb AMARANTHACEAE Hermbstaedtia odorata Least Concern Not endemic to SA Herb MALVACEAE Hibiscus meyeri Least Concern Not endemic to SA Herb CRASSULACEAE Kalanchoe lanceolata Least Concern Not endemic to SA Herb HYACINTHACEAE Ledebouria apertiflora Common Squill Least Concern Not endemic to SA Herb HYACINTHACEAE Ledebouria revoluta Least Concern Not endemic to SA Herb EUPHORBIACEAE Monadenium lugardiae Monadenium Least Concern Not endemic to SA  Herb ASTERACEAE Parthenium hysterophorus Naturalised Exotic Not endemic to SA Herb LAMIACEAE Plectranthus sp. Herb DRACAENACEAE Sansevieria hyacinthoides Mother-in-law's-tongue Least Concern Not endemic to SA  Herb URTICACEAE Urtica urens Annual Stinging Nettle, Bush Naturalised Exotic Not endemic to SA Stinging Nettle Shrub FABACEAE Acacia luederitzii Bastard Umbrella Thorn Least Concern Not endemic to SA  Shrub FABACEAE Acacia senegal Three-hook Thorn Least Concern Not endemic to SA Shrub APOCYNACEAE Acokanthera oppositifolia Bushman's Poison Bush, Common Least Concern Not endemic to SA Poison-bush Shrub LORANTHACEAE Agelanthus natalitius Mistletoe Least Concern Not endemic to SA Shrub SALVADORACEAE Azima tetracantha Bee-sting Bush Least Concern Not endemic to SA Shrub APOCYNACEAE Carissa bispinosa Num-num, Small Amatungulu Least Concern Not endemic to SA  Shrub RUBIACEAE Catunaregam spinosa Least Concern Not endemic to SA Shrub ASTERACEAE Chromolaena odorata Triffid Weed Naturalised Exotic Not endemic to SA Shrub EBENACEAE Euclea divinorum Magic Guarri Least Concern Not endemic to SA  Shrub EBENACEAE Euclea schimperi Least Concern Not endemic to SA Shrub EUPHORBIACEAE Euphorbia grandicornis subsp. Cow's horn euphorbia Least Concern Not endemic to SA grandocornis Shrub MALVACEAE Grewia bicolor Bastard Brandybush, Bastard Raisin Least Concern Not endemic to SA Bush Shrub MALVACEAE Grewia caffra Least Concern Not endemic to SA Shrub MALVACEAE Grewia flava Brandybush, Wild Currant, Wild Least Concern Not endemic to SA Raisin Shrub MALVACEAE Grewia flavescens Donkey Berry Least Concern Not endemic to SA Shrub CELASTRACEAE Gymnosporia buxifolia Common Spike-thorn Least Concern Not endemic to SA Shrub CELASTRACEAE Gymnosporia heterophyla Least Concern Not endemic to SA  Shrub CELASTRACEAE Gymnosporia senegalensis Confetti Tree, Red Spike-thorn Least Concern Not endemic to SA  Shrub CELASTRACEAE Gymnosporia undata Koko Tree Least Concern Not endemic to SA Shrub VERBENACEAE Lantana Lantana, Tick Berry Naturalised Exotic Not endemic to SA Shrub MORACEAE Maclura africana African Osage Orange, Thorny Least Concern Not endemic to SA Mulberry Shrub CAPPARACEAE Maerua juncea Bush-cherry Least Concern Not endemic to SA Shrub FABACEAE Mundulea sericea Cork bush Least Concern Not endemic to SA 

Zunckel Ecological & Environmental Services Page 73 BIODIVERSITY AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT REPORT to inform the EIA for the proposed Makhathini Sugar Cane Project’s Agricultural Components, Jozini Local Municipality KZN272

Medicinal GROUP FAMILY TAXONNAME COMMON NAME SA Red data bk status Endemic Protected Use Field Survey 33% Shrub OLEACEAE Olea europaea subsp. africana Coast Assegai, Ironwood, Wild Olive Least Concern Not endemic to SA  Shrub FABACEAE Ormocarpum trichocarpum Caterpillar Bush Least Concern Not endemic to SA Shrub RUBIACEAE Pavetta catophylla Least Concern Not endemic to SA Shrub PHYLLANTHACEAE Phyllanthus reticulatus Potato plant Least Concern Not endemic to SA Shrub CELASTRACEAE Putterlickia verrucosa False Forest Spike-thorn Least Concern Not endemic to SA Shrub RUBIACEAE Pyrostria hystrix Least Concern Not endemic to SA Shrub BIGNONIACEAE Rhigozum zambesiacum Scrambled-egg Bush, Zambezi Gold Least Concern Not endemic to SA Shrub SALVADORACEAE Salvadora australis Least Concern Not endemic to SA Shrub ANACARDIACEAE Searsia gueinzii Least Concern Not endemic to SA Shrub FABACEAE Sesbania sp. Shrub SOLANACEAE Solanum panduriforme Apple Of Sodom, Bitter Apple, Least Concern Not endemic to SA  Poison Apple Shrub SOLANACEAE Solanum sisymbriifolium Dense Thorned Bitter Apple, Wild Naturalised Exotic Not endemic to SA Tomato Shrub CAPPARACEAE Thilachium africanum Cucumber Bush Least Concern Not endemic to SA Tree FABACEAE Acacia ataxacantha Flame Thorn Least Concern Not endemic to SA Tree FABACEAE Acacia berkei Black Monkey Thorn Least Concern Not endemic to SA Tree FABACEAE Acacia karoo Sweet Thorn Least Concern Not endemic to SA  Tree FABACEAE Acacia nigrescens Knob Thorn Least Concern Not endemic to SA Tree FABACEAE Acacia nilotica Scented Thorn Least Concern Not endemic to SA Tree FABACEAE Acacia robusta False Umbrella Thorn Least Concern Not endemic to SA Tree FABACEAE Acacia sieberiana Flat-topped Thorn, Natal Camel Least Concern Not endemic to SA Thorn, Paper-bark Thorn Tree FABACEAE Acacia tortillis Umbrella Thorn Least Concern Not endemic to SA Tree FABACEAE Acacia xanthophloea Fever Tree Least Concern Not endemic to SA Tree FABACEAE Albizia petersiana Nala Tree Least Concern Not endemic to SA Tree FABACEAE Albizia versicolor Large-leaved False-thorn Least Concern Not endemic to SA Tree ASPHODELACEAE Aloe marlothii Mountain Aloe Least Concern Not endemic to SA  Tree ASPHODELACEAE Aloe sp.  Tree BALANITACEAE Balanites maughamii Green Thorn Torchwood Declining Not endemic to SA  Tree RHAMNACEAE Berchemia zeyheri Red Ivory Least Concern Not endemic to SA Tree FABACEAE Bolusanthus speciosus Tree Wistaria Least Concern Not endemic to SA Tree RUBIACEAE Breonadia salicina Water Matome, Wild Oleander Least Concern Not endemic to SA Tree PHYLLANTHACEAE Bridelia micrantha Mitzeeri, Wild Coffee Least Concern Not endemic to SA  Tree CACTACEAE Cereus jamacaru Queen of the night Naturalised Exotic Not endemic to SA Tree COMBRETACEAE Combretum molle Velvet Bushwillow Least Concern Not endemic to SA  Tree BURSERACEAE Commiphora neglecta Green-stemmed Corkwod, Sweet- Least Concern Not endemic to SA root Commiphora Tree EUPHORBIACEAE Croton gratissimus Lavendar Croton, Lavender Fever- Least Concern Not endemic to SA  Zunckel Ecological & Environmental Services Page 74 BIODIVERSITY AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT REPORT to inform the EIA for the proposed Makhathini Sugar Cane Project’s Agricultural Components, Jozini Local Municipality KZN272

Medicinal GROUP FAMILY TAXONNAME COMMON NAME SA Red data bk status Endemic Protected Use Field Survey 33% berry Tree VITACEAE Cyphostemma sp. Tree FABACEAE Dichrostachys cinerea Chinese Lantern, Sickle Bush Least Concern Not endemic to SA  Tree MALVACEAE Dombeya rotundifolia Wild Pear, Wild Plum Least Concern Not endemic to SA Tree SALICACEAE Dovyalis caffra Kei-apple Least Concern Not endemic to SA Tree EBENACEAE Euclea crispa Bush Guarri Least Concern Not endemic to SA  Tree MORACEAE Ficus sycomorus Common Cluster Fig, Sycamore Fig Least Concern Not endemic to SA  Tree RUBIACEAE Gardenia cornuta Least Concern Not endemic to SA Tree SAPOTACEAE Manilkara mochisia Lowveld Milkberry Least Concern Not endemic to SA Tree MELIACEAE Melia azadarach Cape Syringa Naturalised Exotic Not endemic to SA Tree ANACARDIACEAE Ozoroa paniculosa Common Resin Tree Least Concern Not endemic to SA Tree SAPINDACEAE Pappea capensis Bushveld Cherry, Indaba Tree, Jacket Least Concern Not endemic to SA  Plum, Judgement Tree Tree FABACEAE Peltophorum africanum African Black Wattle Least Concern Not endemic to SA  Tree PTAEROXYLACEAE Ptaeroxylon obliquum Sneezewood Least Concern Not endemic to SA  Tree APOCYNACEAE Rauvolfia caffra Quinine Tree Least Concern Not endemic to SA  Tree FABACEAE Schotia brachypetala Weeping Boer-bean Least Concern Not endemic to SA  Tree FABACEAE Schotia capitata Dwarf Boer-bean Least Concern Not endemic to SA Tree ANACARDIACEAE Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra Marula Least Concern Not endemic to SA  Tree SAPOTACEAE Sideroxylon inerme White Milkwood Least Concern Not endemic to SA Tree EUPHORBIACEAE Spirostachys africana Tamboti Least Concern Not endemic to SA  Tree MALVACEAE Sterculia rogersii Common Star-chestnut Least Concern Not endemic to SA Tree STRYCHNACEAE Strychnos mitis Least Concern Not endemic to SA Tree STRYCHNACEAE Strychnos spinosa Sweet Monkey Orange Least Concern Not endemic to SA Tree MYRTACEAE Syzygium guineense Least Concern Not endemic to SA Tree APOCYNACEAE Tabernaemontana elegans Toad Tree Least Concern Not endemic to SA Tree COMBRETACEAE Terminalia sericea Silver cluster leaf Least Concern Not endemic to SA Tree CELTIDACEAE Trema orientalis Pigeonwood, Rhodesian Elm Least Concern Not endemic to SA Tree MELIACEAE Trichilia emetica Bushveld Natal Mahogany, Cape Least Concern Not endemic to SA Mahogany, Christmas Bells Tree RUBIACEAE Vangueria infausta Natal Bush Medlar Least Concern Not endemic to SA Tree OLACACEAE Ximenia americana Sour Plum Least Concern Not endemic to SA  Tree OLACACEAE Ximenia caffra Least Concern Not endemic to SA  Tree RHAMNACEAE Ziziphus mucronata Buffalo Thorn Least Concern Not endemic to SA 

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