Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-04210-0 — the Cambridge History of Medieval Monasticism in the Latin West Volume 2 Index More Information

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Aachen (chapel), 420 advocates, 859 – 61 Aachen, Synods of (816-819), 184 , 186 – 7 , 291 , lay nobility as, 581 , 585 323 , 375 , 387 , 422 , 424 , 438 – 41 , 455 , 462 , 482 , Áed mac Bricc of Rahugh, 301 497 – 8 , 508 – 9 , 526 Ælfric of Eynsham, 511 , 513 Aaron, Bishop of Kraków, 885 Colloquy, 415 Abelard, Peter, 652 , 675 , 682 , 697 , 735 , 740 , 741 , 743 , Aelred of Rievaulx, 573 , 721 , 751 , 753 , 756 777 , 967 , 1076 Rule for a Recluse, 753 , 759 Sic et Non, 458 Æthelwold of Winchester, 426 , 507 – 17 , Abbaye- aux- Dames of Saintes (monastery), 252 – 53 534 , 539 – 40 Abbo of Fleury, 595 , 627 Agaune, Life of the Abbots of, 61 Collectio, 6 2 1, 6 2 7 Agaune, Saint-Maurice d’ (monastery), 37 , 116 , Abraham of Kaškar, 69 181 , 244 , 248 , 292 – 3 Abraham of Pboou/Farshut, 54 Agde, Council of (506), 750 Abraham of Quiduna, Life of, 749 , 759 Agilulf, Lombard King, 238 Adalbero of Laon, Carmen ad Rotbertum Agnes of Antioch, 889 regem, 1157 Agnes of Babenberg, 889 Acemetes (monastery), 343 – 44 Agnes of Bohemia, 893 Acta Murensia, 5 7 2 Agnes of Hereford, 907 Acts of Paul and Thecla, 43 , 99 Agnes of Meissen (or Quedlinburg), 1004 Acts of Peter, 43 Agriculture, see also property and land Acts of the Apostles, 42 animal husbandry and pastoralism, 841 – 44 Acts of Thomas, 43 in Byzantium, 354 – 56 , see also property and land Adalard of Corbie, 460 , 472 cereal production, 841 Statutes, 470 , 471 in Ireland, 910 – 11 Adalbert of Prague, 641 – 2 , see also Wojciech/ land management, 834 – 36 Vojt ě ch, missionary bishop viticulture, 845 Adam of Bremen, 496 Aibertus of Crespin, 690 , 750 Adam of Perseigne, 721 , 1078 Ailly, Pierre d’, 1188 Adela (Adala, Adula) of Bavaria, 745 Aimon of Fleury, 591 Adela of Normandy, 581 ainmchairde (soul friendship), 313 Adelaide, 412 airchinnech, 304 – 5 Adémar de Chabannes, 429, 961 Alain of Lille, 1076 Admonitio Generalis (General Instruction, 789), Alberic, hermit outside of Jerusalem, 692 452 – 53 , 458 , 459 , 461 , 716 Alberic of Metz, 1068 Admont (monastery), 570 , 575 – 77 , 711 , 721 – 22 , Albert, Bishop of Riga, 892 723 , 805 , 812 – 13 , 862 Alberzoni, Maria Pia, 1048 Adrian IV, Pope, Laudabiliter , 907 Albigensian Crusade, 725 adult converts (conversi ), 228 – 29 , 513 , 550 – 51 , Alcock, John, Spousage of a Virgin to Christ, 1129 553 , 582 , 1027 , 1029 , 1034 , see also entrance Alcuin of York, 58 , 396 , 457 – 8 , 460 ad succurrendum; lay brothers and sisters Aldhelm of Malmesbury, 63 , 513 (conversi/ ae ) On Virginity, 5 7 2

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Index

Aldwyn, prior of Winchcombe Abbey, 691 – 92 Anselm of Aosta or Bec, Archbishop of Alexander II, Pope, 638 Canterbury, 229 , 702 – 3 , 719 , 761 , 902 , 971 Alexander III, Pope, 573 , 638 , 738 – 9 , 1053 Anselm of Havelberg, 777 , 1168 Alexander IV, Pope, 1053 Anselm of Laon, 704 , 706 , 1075 Alexander VI, Pope, 1179 Anselm of Lucca, 625 , 741 Alexander Nequam, 1076 Anskar (missionary priest), 489 – 90 , 492 , 495 , Alexander of Christ Church, Canterbury, 719 496 , 498 Alexios I Komnenos, Byzantine Emperor, 350 – 4 Ansteus of Saint-Arnould, 331 – 32 Alferius, saint, 411 anthropomorphites, 137 – 8 Alfons Lopez, 832 Anthusa of Mantinea, 345 Alfred the Great, King of England, 506 Antiphonary of Bangor, 123 , 279 , 295 Alix of Mâcon, 845 antiphons and antiphonaries, 123 , 294 – 95 , Alpirsbach (monastery), 1177 423 – 24 altars, 1006 – 1012 , 1008f. 54.1 Antony of Egypt, 2 , 4 , 20 , 23 – 5 , 32 , 137 , 641 , 686 , Altenberg (monastery of Premonstratensian see also Athanasius, Life of Antony women), 814 , 1011 , 1018 , 1023 Aphraates, 56 Altenhohenau (monastery), 978 apocalyptic theology, 703 – 5 Altmann, Bishop of Passau, 773 Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles, 42 – 3 , 99 Amadeus, Bishop of Lausanne, 721 Apophthegmata patrum, 25 , 43 , 64 , 101 , 114 , 116 , 159 , Amalarius of Metz, 125 , 419 , 421 168 , 169 – 70 Amand, saint, 490 apostolic life, historiography of, 662 – 63 Life of St Amand, 74 9 Aquinas, Thomas, 698 , 1086 Amatus of Remiremont, 294 Ardo Smaragdus, Vita Benedicti Anianensis, Ambrose of Milan, 45 , 58 , 123 , 147 , 166 , 214 , 217 , 442 , 443 570 , 699 , 701 Arianism, 133 De virginibus, 269 aristocracy, see nobility, lay Ambrosian office hymns, 959 , 1014 Armagh, 300 – 1 , 305 Ambrosius Autpertus, 526 , 527 Arnaud Amaury, Abbot of Cîteaux, 1078 Amicie de Montfort, 1048 , 1049 Arno of Reichersberg, 777 Ammonius, hermit, 104 Arnobius the Younger, 124 Amos, Thomas, 714 , 717 Arnold I of Ardres, 860 Amun, hermit, 104 , 567 Arnold, Ellen F, 817 Anastasius Bibliothecarius, 633 Arnould of Saint-Médard, 750 Anastasius of Venice, 637 Arnulf of Villers-en- Brabant, 1032 anchorites, as term, 747 – 48 , see also reclusion Arnulf, Abbot of Saint-Martin of Troarn, 720 and recluses Arnulf, Count of Flanders, 606 Ancren Riwle, 751 , 753 , 761 ascetics and asceticism, see house ascetics and Andechs (monastery), 994 asceticism Andenna, Cristina, 776 Arrouaise, Saint-Nicholas of (house of regular Andrea, Archbishop of Acerenza, 1047 canons), 772 , 773 , 904 , 906 Andreas Grecus, 638 Asella, saint, 216 , 221 Andreas of Fontevraud, Life of Robert of Aston, Mick, 828 Arbrissel, 674 , 742 Athanasius of Alexandria, 63 , 100 , 130 – 31 , 132 , Andrew I, King of Hungary, 896 , 897 144 , 147 Andrew of Saint-Victor, 676 evidence of female asceticism in, 7 , 101 Angenendt, Arnold, 283 heresy issues in, 132 Angilbert (Engelbert) of Fulda, 531 Life of Antony, 7 , 41 , 44 , 60 , 101 , 132 , 144 – 5 , Anglo-Saxon England, see England 147 – 8 , 159 , 391 , 631 Aniane (monastery), 247 – 48 prominence and translations of, 43 , 60 , 63 , animal husbandry, 841 – 44 144 – 45 , 147 – 50 , 158 – 59 Anna, prophet, 215 in traditional historiography, 24 Anna of Bohemia, 893 – 94 Athanasius the Athonite, 347 – 48 , 352 Annales Regni Francorum, 438 Athassel (priory), 916 Annales School, 1142 Attaliate, Michael, 349 – 50 Annegray (monastery), 250 Attigny, prayer association, 285 Ansegisus of Fontenelle, 326 , 549 Aubin, Hermann, 1142

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Augustine of Canterbury, 504 , 507 – 8 rules of, 19 , 24 , 54 – 55 , 83 , 116 , 124 , 150 – 1 , 166 , Augustine of Hippo 168 – 69 on Antony and ascetic life, 147 – 48 in traditional narrative of monastic history, ascetic terminology, use of, 166 2 , 4 , 43 on corrupt monks, 30 – 31 Asketikon, 5 4– 5 5, 5 74 on hierarchical Church, 214 – 15 Basil the Younger, 639 influence on Anselm of Bec, 702 basilical monasteries, 86 – 87 , 526 – 27 , 529 – 30 on intercessory prayer, 282 – 83 , 294 Bateson, Mary, 563 – 64 on manual labor, 260 – 1 Baudonivia, Life of Radegund, 61 monastic communities of, 85 , 86 Baudri of Dol, 674 , 689 Pelagius vs, 140 – 41 Baugulf of Fulda, 533 on religious women, 7 Baury, Ghislain, 840 rule(s) of, 2 , 7 , 163 – 4 , , 166–7, 170, 174 , 269 , 672 , Beach, Alison, 722 , 1058 , 1152 766 , 767 , 768 , 771 – 72 , 867 , 1048 bearded brothers, see lay brothers and sisters sermons of, 713 (conversi/ ae ) theology of, 28 , 190 , 699 , 701 , 707 – 8 Bec (monastery), 229 , 736 in traditional narrative of monastic history, Becket, Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury, 1 – 4 , 2f1.1 724 , 879 Cassiciacum Dialogues, 155 – 56 Bective Abbey, 910 De cura pro mortuis gerenda, 733 Bede, 195 – 6 , 456 , 487 , 505 , 508 , 530 , 701 , 713 , 716 De opere monachorum, 30 – 31 , 135 , 261 Ecclesiastical History of the English People, 58 , Soliloquia, 5 1 5 4 8 5, 5 0 2– 3 , 6 9 1– 9 2 Augustinian canons and canonesses, 1 – 4 , 642 , beehive monasteries, 92 867 , 905 – 7 , 910 , 915 – 16 beguines, 1045 – 1046 , 161 – 8 Augustinian hermits, 800 Béla III, King of Hungary, 889 Aula Regis (monastery), 887 Belting, Hans, 1000 Aurelianus of Arles, 35 , 122 , 176 , 181 Benedict XII, Pope, 948 , 1081 – 1082 , 1087 , 1173 Regula ad monachos, 170 , 176 , 178 – 79 , 182 , 189 , Benedict, missionary monk in Poland, 885 267 , 419 Benedict of Aniane, 768 Regula ad virgines, 178 – 79 , 267 , as educational architect, 454 7 2 9– 3 0 hagiography on, 442 , 443 Ausonius of Bordeaux, 156 – 57 impact on monastic historiography, 19 – 20 , Austin, John L., 711 , 757 162 – 3 , 167 – 8 , 172 , 174 , 182 , 188 , 367 , 387 Avitus of Vienne, 58 memorial liturgy by, 284 Awgen (Eugenios), 69 prominence in Carolingian reform Azecho of Worms, 741 narrative, 163 , 184 – 7 , 441 – 43 Codex Regularum, 162 – 63 , 167 , 180 , 190 , 443 Babenberg family, 889 Concordia Regularum, 162 – 63 , 188 , 197 , 443 Baily, Lisa Kaaren, 713 Benedict Biscop, 530 Baldwin, Abbot of Bury St. Edmunds, 877 Benedict of Nursia, 2 , 89 – 90 , 284 , 317 – 18 , 387 , Baldwin, Archbishop of Canterbury, 725 400 , 450 , 714 , 730 , 1167 , 1175 , see also RB (Rule Balthild, Merovingian queen, 289 of St. Benedict) Bangor (monastery), 279 , 904 Benedict of Saint-Germain at Auxerre, 691 Barbara Gonzaga of Mantua, 1146 Benedictine, as term, 5 Barcelona, Council of (540), 198 Benignus, Bishop of Armagh, 301 Barking Abbey, 967 , 973 Berengar of Tours, 702 La Barre (monastery), 1033 Berman, Constance, 656 , 658 – 59 , 1034 Barsanuphius of Gaza, 57 Bernard of Angers, 591 Bartholomew of Simeri, 412 Bernard of Clairvaux 554 Bartlett, Robert, 850 criticism of luxury, 1019 , 1020 – 1022 Basel, Council of (1431–1445), 993 criticism of universities, 698 , 1075 Basil of Caesarea, 730 crusades, involvement in, 724 – 25 advocacy of dual-sex communities, education of, 675 5 7 1, 5 74 in historiography, 651 hagiographies, importance to, 61 Irish connections, 904 letters of, 57 letter-writing and, 944

1193

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Bernard of Clairvaux (cont.) as manual labor, 270 – 71 missions, involvement in, 892 for missions, 490 – 91 on preaching, 710 , 723 as preaching, 711 in satire, 1163 printed books, emergence of, 993 – 95 scholarship on, 699 veneration of saints through, 534 – 35 sermons of, 720 – 21 , 722 , 723 women’s involvement in, 812 – 13 , 979 theology of, 697 , 705 , 706 – 8 Bornstein, Daniel, 1059 on women, 735 – 6 Bosch, Hieronymus, 938 Apologia, 1019 Boto, prior of Prüfening, 1014 De laude novae militiae, 724 Bouchard of Vendôme, 596 On Loving God, 708 Boureau, Alain, 1118 Bernard of Tiron, 689 , 1041 Boynton, Susan, 679 Bernard, Auguste, 386 Brann, Noel, 936 Bernhard of Waging, 1128 Bretha Nemed Toísech, 310 Bernheimerin, Barbara, 1146 breviaries, 126 Berno of Reichenau, 680 B řevnov (monastery), 896 , 897 Berthold of Zwiefalten, 1005 brides of Christ, as term, 99 , 224 Bertilla, Abbess of Chelles, 271 , 289 Bridget of Sweden, 1055 , 1131 Bezant, Jemma, 819 Brigit of Kildare, 301 – 2 , 303 Billett, Jesse, 513 Brigittine order, 935 , 969 , 1182 – 183 bishops, see ecclesiastical authority Brinton, Thomas, 1137 Bitel, Lisa, 901 , 914 Brockie, Marianus, 162 Black Death, 918 , 1036 , 1112 – 14 Brooke, Christopher, 1171 Blair, John, 503 , 504 , 505 , 506 Brothers of the Sword, 892 Blanche of Castile, 833 , 837 Brown, Peter, 156 – 57 , 692 Blasios of Amorion, 639 Bruel, Alexandre, 386 Blaubeuren (monastery), 1176 – 177 Brunhild, Merovingian Queen, 181 , 182 Bloch, Marc, 840 , 956 Bruno Candidus, monk at Fulda, 328 , 530 – 31 bloodletting, 867 , 868 , 870 – 71 Bruno of Cologne, 411 , 614 , 671 , 675 , 687 , 788 , Bobbio (monastery), 238 – 39 , 474 – 75 954 , 1031 – 1032 Bobbio Missal, 286 Bruno- Boniface (missionary monk), 885 Boccaccio, Giovanni, Decameron , 1162 , 1165 – 166 Buch der Reformacio Predigerordens Boethius, 700 , 702 (Meyer), 805 Bohemia, see East- Central Europe Bugni, Chiara, 1131 , 1132 Böhringer, Letha, 1065 Bugyis, Katie, 971 Bolesław I Chrobry, King of Poland, 885 Burchard of Worms, 620 , 626 Bolesław II the Generous, King of Poland, 885 Decretum, 624 , 625 Bolesław III of Wrymouth, 1005 Burckhardt, Jacob, 653 Bologna, Council of (1310), 1121 Bursfeld congregation and reform, 960 , 969 , 973 , Bonaventure, John, 870 , 1053 1091 , 1128 , 1175 Bond, James, 819 , 828 Bury St. Edmunds (monastery), 736 , 877 , 1118 Bondeville (monastery), 868 Busch, Johannes, 751 , 1111 , 1121 , 1123 Boniface, saint Butler, Cuthbert, 663 letters of, 58 Byland (monastery), 1032 missions and foundations of, 487 , 494 Bynum, Caroline Walker, 775 – 76 tomb of, 533 Byrhtferth of Ramsey, 511 use of RB, 186 Byzantine monasticism, see also Eastern Boniface of Canterbury, 1100 influences on the West, see also Greek/ Boniface VIII, Pope, 1054 , 1100 , 1101 Byzantine monasteries (in the East) Periculoso, 1103 , 1119 – 121 in East-Central Europe, 884 , 896 – 97 Bonneville (monastery), 1033 Bononius of Lucedio, 639 Caesaria, Abbess of Arles, 271 – 72 Book of the Founders of Schools and Monasteries, 6 9 Caesarius of Arles, 713 , 714 , 753 , 1018 – 1019 Book on the Education and the Consolation of monasteries of, 87 , 245 Novices (Anonymous), 1024 spiritual view of monasteries, 35 , 291 , 319 book production, see also libraries training at Lérins, 172

1194

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Regula ad monachos, 122 , 177 – 78 , 267 Conferences ( Collationes patrum), 140 , 171 , 713 , Regula ad virgines, 100 , 122 , 176 – 77 , 178 , 191 – 2 , 718 , 981 218 , 262 – 64 , 266 , 267 , 729 – 30 , 737 , 767 Institutes, 171 Caesarius of Heisterbach, 1162 Cassinese congregation, 1175 Caesarius of Prüm, 476 Cassiodorus, 90 , 237 , 714 , 976 Cáin Adomnáin (Law of Adomnán), 303 Institutiones, 399 – 400 , 451 Camaldolese order, 642 , 671 , 686 , 943 , 946 castles, 856 Camaldoli (hermitage and monastery), 946 , 1029 Castor of Apt, 171 , 244 Cambridge University, 1083 Caterina Vigri, 1130 , 1131 , 1132 Candidus Brun, monk at Fulda, 328 , 530 – 31 Ordinazione, 1 1 3 2– 1 3 3 Caner, Daniel, 134 Catesby Priory, 1114 canon law Catherine of Siena, 8 collections of, overview, 618 – 20 Caulite order, 1029 on ecclesiastical authority, 51 – 52 , 172 – 73 , 198 , 344 Cava, Holy Trinity of (monastery), 410 education in, 1075 , 1084 cave monasticism, 77 , 81 , 407 – 8 exemption and, 626 – 29 Céli Dé (Clients of God), 311 – 14 on female asceticism, 217 – 18 , 220 – 23 Cellach, Archbishop of Armagh, 904 forgeries, 627 – 29 Central Europe. see East-Central Europe monastic contributions to, 621 – 23 Centula, see Saint-Riquier and monastic exemption, 1101 – 103 Chalcedon, Council of (451), 51 – 52 , 139 , 172 – 74 , as normative source, 51 – 52 221 , 344 penitentials and, 623 – 26 Chalcedonian Lives (Cyril of Scythopolis), 68 on reclusion, 750 Champmol (monastery), 1017 – 1018 on rights and responsibilities of bishops and chanting, 426 – 28 , 459 religious, 1094 – 1095 chants, new compositions, 961 – 64 on spatial organization of monasteries, 322 , 323 chapter and statutes on the religious, 1103 – 105 books for, 979 – 81 understanding of monasticism in, 1095 – 1098 preaching in, 719 – 20 , 1127 canons, see regular canons and canonesses chapter house and meeting, 546 , 547 – 50 Canterbury charistike (conditional donation to charity), 354 Christ Church Cathedral, 516 Charitas Pirchheimer, 980 St. Augustine’s Abbey, 515 Charlemagne, 435 , 437 , 459 , 460 , 468 , 494 , 716 Canterbury College, 1083 Epistola de litteris colendis, 452 Capitulare Monasticum (Synod of Aachen), 438 – 39 Charles the Bald, 468 , 480 , 1009 Capitulary of Herstal (779), 435 Chartreuse (monastery), 614 Cappadocia, archaeology in, 83 – 84 chastity, 907 , 1111 – 112 , 1121 – 122 , 1162 – 166 , see also Cariboni, Guido, 949 virginity Carmelites, 3 , 800 , 916 – 17 , 967 Châtillon, Jean, 776 Carmen in Honorem Hludowici, 442 – 43 Chaucer, Geoffrey, Canterbury Tales, 1109 , 1154 , Carmina Burana manuscript, 1159 1155 – 156 , 1162 carpets, church, 1012 – 1013 , 1013f. 54.2 Chelidonia, female hermit, 694 , 695 Carta Caritatis, 671 , 784 – 86 Chelles (monastery), 271 , 291 Carthage, Council of (418), 221 Cheney, Christopher, 1099 Carthusians and Carthusian order, 411 , 642 Chenu, Marie-Dominique, 662 administration and organization of, 788 – 89 , 944 Chezal- Benoît (monastery and care for the sick, 870 congregation), 1176 customs, 671 , 792 Chiara Bugni, 1131 , 1132 hagiographies, lack of, 953 – 4 Chiaravalle (monastery), 1179 lay brothers and sisters, 1032 Chilandar (monastery), 358 monastic networks, 822 child oblation and oblates, 107 , 489 , 502 , 550 – 53 , reform efforts, 1181 – 182 582 , 705 , 885 , 972 – 73 , 1027 , 1095 c a r t o g r a p h y, 8 2 7– 2 9 Childebert I, Merovingian King, 178 , 181 Casanova, Paolo, 1131 choirs (church space), 1012 – 1016 Cashel, Synod of (1101), 902 Chot ěšov (monastery), 887 , 888 Cassian, John, 24 , 42 , 45 , 121 , 133 – 34 , 137 , 170 – 71 , Christ Pantocrator (monastery), 351 244 , 307 , 309 , 699 Christian of Oliva, 885 , 892

1195

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Christina the Astonishing, 1061 congregation of, 789 – 90 , 960 Christina of Markyate, 741 customs and customaries, 330 , 333 , 389, 411 , 544, Christodoulos, monk in Patmos, 352 552, 557, 670, 671, 869 Chrodegang, Bishop of Metz, 768 female ascetics at, 229 Regula canonicorum, 186 , 420 , 508 , 512 , 514 – 16 foundation of, 524f. 27.2, 580 Chunegunde II, Abbess of Göss, 745 , 813 hermits at, 690 Cikádor (monastery), 889 historiography of, 369 – 70 , 372 – 73 , 656 – 57 Cistercians and Cistercian order, 5 , 411 , 497 , 621 , influence in southern Italy and Sicily, 411 622 , 642 , see also lay brothers and sisters land ownership and circulation at, 587 , (conversi/ ae ) 589 , 608 administration and organization of, 784 – 87 , lay servants, 556 – 57 798 , 942 – 45 liturgy at, 281 , 587 – 88 , 960 austerity of, 1020 – 1022 monasteries modeled after, 610 – 11 care for the sick, 868 oblation in, 551 – 52 in East-Central Europe, 889 – 92 ordination of monks at, 732 Grande Chartreuse, 788 , 789 preaching at, 717 – 19 hagiographies, 953 reform efforts, 1179 – 181 historiography of, 658 – 59 reforms of, 446 , 602 – 3 , 604 – 5 , 608 – 10 ideals, 791 – 92 in satire and polemics, 1158 in Ireland, 903 – 5 , 910 – 11 , 912 – 15 sacred ban around, 335 , 336f. 16.5, 589 land management, 833 – 36 , 910 – 11 sign language, 516 liturgy, 959 – 60 sovereignty and formality of, 793 – 94 , 795 – 96 as model for adaptations, 787 – 91 spatial organization of, 330 monastic networks, 821 – 22 , 823 viticulture at, 845 preaching, 719 – 21 , 724 – 26 Cochelin, Isabelle, 603 , 670 , 1058 , 1118 reform efforts, 1177 – 179 Codex Albeldensis, 519 – 21 , 520f. 27.1 rules and customs, 671 Codex Amiatinus, 52 , 344 – 45 , 562 , 975 – 76 in satire and polemics, 1158 , 1163 Codex Gisle, 964 , 970 university interactions, 1077 – 1080 Cogitosus, 302 , 307 women, inclusion of, 944 – 45 , 1044 – 1045 cohabitation, and gender, 103 – 5 Cîteaux (monastery), 614 , 784 , 1078 Coleman, Edward, 911 cities, monasteries as, 26 , 478 – 80 collect (collecta ), 118 , 122 Clairvaux (monastery), 497 , 1032 Collectio Dionysiana, 620 clamor ritual, 590 – 91 Collection in 74 Titles, 6 2 1, 6 2 7– 2 8 Clanchy, Michael, 667 Collection in Five Books, 6 2 1, 6 2 6 Clare of Assisi, 893 , 1051 – 5 College of St. Bernard, Paris, 1085 Rule, 1053 Columbanus, 902 Clark, Elizabeth, 138 , 150 hagiography on, 61 , 238 Classen, Peter, 780 letters of, 58 Claus de Werve, 1017 monasteries of, 90 – 91 , 181 – 84 , 238 – 39 , 250 – 51 Claus Sluter, 1017 rules of, 122 , 181 – 84 , 185 , 419 , 488 Clement IV, Pope, Affectu sincero, 1050 commemorative art and architecture, 527 – 29 Clement V, Pope, 1102 computus (liturgical computation), 459 – 60 Clement VI, Pope, 1087 Conant, Kenneth, 396 Clement, Richard W., 715 Concilium Germanicum (742–743), 434 – 35 Clement of Alexandria, 55 , 159 Condat (monastery), 246 , 321 – 22 Clement of Rome, Pope, 43 Congregation of Castille, 1178 clergy, see ecclesiastical authority Congregation of San Bernardo, in Tuscany and clericalization, of monasticism, 35 , 286 Lombardy, 1179 cloisters, 318 , 326 – 28 , 545 – 47 Congregation of the Holy Sepulchre (house of reading in, 981 – 82 regular canons), 773 Cluny (monastery) Congregation of Windesheim, 1182 abbot in dormitory, 547 Conrad, hermit, 692 adaptation of Cistercian model, 789 – 90 , 792 Conrad of Hochstaden, Archbishop of adult converts, 597 Cologne, 1105 care for the sick at, 869 – 70 Conrad of Hirsau, 703 charters of, 384 , 385 , 386 , 587 Disputation of Synagogue and the Church, 703

1196

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On Contempt or Love for the World, 703 Trullo (692), 750 , 752 Speculum virginum, 681 , 703 Vienne (1311/12), 1067 , 1081 Conrad, Archbishop of Salzburg, 773 courier systems, 476 Conrad von Zenn, Liber de vita monastica, 1184 court culture, 633 – 34 Consortia, Life of, 219 Coventry (monastery), 583 Constable, Giles, 566 , 654 , 656 , 657 – 58 , 659 , 661 , Coyroux (monastery), 576 769 , 775 , 1029 , 1057 , 1115 crisis and decline Constance, Council of (1414-1418), 993 , historiography of, 1109 – 110 , 1171 – 172 1134 , 1175 revising narrative of, 1185 – 189 Constantine IX Monomachos, Byzantine crowns, for nuns, 220 , 226 , 1016 , 1019 – 1020 Emperor, 352 – 53 Crusades Constantinople, Council of (553), 139 military orders, 800 , 843 , 911 – 12 , 1042 conversi, see adult converts (conversi ) ; lay brothers preaching in, 718 , 724 – 25 and sisters (conversi/ ae ) Crutched Friars, 909 cooking and kitchens, 553 – 55 cultural space, as concept, 1142 – 143 Corbie (monastery), 628 cursus Corpus Christi College, 1083 monastic, 125 – 26 corrodies, 1114 – 115 Roman, 125 – 26 , 418 – 20 Cosmas of Prague, Chronicle , 897 customaries, 388 – 90 , 416–17, 425, 509, 516 , cosmos, monasteries as reflection of, 317 – 21 542 – 45 , 552, 554–5, 606– 7 , 670 – 72 , 963 , councils and synods 970 , 994 , 1029 Aachen (816-819), 184 , 186 – 7 , 291 , 323 , 375 , 422 , Cygler, Florent, 658 438 – 41 , 455 , 462 Cyprian of Carthage, 214 , 282 Agde (506), 750 De habitu virginum, 269 Barcelona (540), 198 Cyril Phileotes, Life of, 351 Basel (1431-1445), 993 Cyril of Scythopolis, 67 – 68 , 342 Bologna (1310), 1121 Chalcedonian Lives, 6 8 Carthage (418), 221 Cyril, apostle to the Slavs, 884 Cashel (1101), 902 Czerwi ń sk (monastery), 888 Chalcedon (451), 51 – 52 , 139 , 172 – 74 , 177 , 221 , 344 Concilium Germanicum (742–743), 434 – 35 Dag Eilivsson, 497 Constance (1414–1418), 993 , 1134 , 1175 Dalderby, John, Bishop of Lincoln, 1120 Constantinople (553), 139 Damasus of Rome, 61 Epaone (517), 221 Dannhausen, Hermann, Abbot of St. Ephesus (431), 134 Godehard, 992 Fifth Lateran (1512–1517), 1185 Dante Alighieri, Paradiso , 1166 – 167 Fourth Lateran (1215), 658 , 766 , 790 , 801 , 866 , databases, 825 – 27 , 996 1010 , 1077 , 1096 , 1117 , 1127 , 1173 Davies, Wendy, 317 Gangra (340), 131 Davinus of Armenia, 638 Kells/ Mellifont (1152), 902 , 907 Dawson, Christopher, 652 Lérida (546), 198 de Lubac, Henri, 698 Lyon (1274), 1096 De Mauro et Zoilo, 1158 Orange (529), 140 Deane, Jennifer Kolpacoff, 1065 , 1151 Orléans (511), 752 death Orléans (549), 218 funerary rites, 756 – 58 Oxford (1222), 1119 intercessory prayer, 733 – 34 , 809 – 10 , 891 – 92 Paris (614), 218 decline, see crisis and decline Paris (829), 222 Decretum Gratiani, 619 , 620 , 621 , 625 , 629 , 710 , Ráith Bressail (1111), 902 771 , 981 Saragossa (691), 202 Defensor of Ligugé, Liber scintillarum, 43 Second Lateran (1139), 230 , 1075 Demetrianos of Chytri, 639 Seville (619), 199 Denis the Carthusian, De reformatione Tarragona (516), 198 claustralium, 1185 Toledo (c. 400), 217 , 218 Denis of Paris, 62 Toledo (633), 221 Dereine, Charles, 774 , 776 Toledo (656), 222 Desiderius of Montecassino, 411 Tours (567), 221 , 322 Dialogues, 685

1197

1198

Index

Desprez, Vincent, 44 Donnadieu Rigaud, Dominique, 956 Destephen, Sylvain, 49 Dormitories, 94 , 318 , 322 , 323 , 546 – 47 Devotio Moderna movement, 1178 , 1182 reading in, 983 – 85 Dhuoda, 462 double monasteries, 823 – 24 , 934 , 1030 , 1040 , Diana d’Andalò, 1048 1041 – 1042 Dickinson, John Compton, 774 in Code of Justinian, 52 , 562 Dicuil, monk, 460 as concept, 561 – 63 Didascalia of the Apostles, 56 emergence of, 567 – 70 Didymus the Blind, 139 historiography of, 563 – 66 Diemut of Wessobrunn, 570 , 736 ideological foundations of, 570 – 72 Dionysio- Hadriana, 768 managing interactions between the sexes Dionysius the Areopagite, 62 , 394 within, 572 – 77 Dionysius Exiguus, 64 , 620 Douglas, Mary, 33 Dionysius of Paris, 62 drama, liturgical, 962 – 64 , 965 – 66 Dioscorus of Alexandria, 128 – 29 , 132 Du Moigne (fabliau), 1164 – 165 Disibod, Irish saint, 965 Duby, Georges, 384 , 385 Disibodenberg (monastery), 738 – 39 , 824 , 965 Duiske (monastery), 914 Doberan (monastery), 1003 Duns Scotus, 1086 Dolbeau, François, 60 Dunstan of Canterbury, 424 – 5 , 509 – 10 , 512 – 13 , Domenica Narducci da Paradiso, 1130 539 , 743 domestic households, lay religious in, Durand, Guillaume, 225 , 964 1063 – 1069 Durham College, 1083 domestic asceticism, see house ascetics and Durham Gospels, 1112 – 13 asceticism Durham Priory, 1135 Dominic of Guzmán (or Calaruega), 761 , 790 – 91 , Dyer, Christopher, 534 – 35 1048 , 1050 dynastic monasteries, 854 , 891 – 92 Dominicans (male and female) and Dominican order, 2 Eadburga, Abbess of Minster, 271 , 272, 490 administration and organization of, 790 – 91 , Eadfrith of Lindisfarne, 534 – 35 792 , 798 – 99 Eadmer of Canterbury, 552 austerity of, 1023 – 1024 Eadmund, King of England, 508 care for the sick, 867 – 68 Ealdwine of Malvern, hermit, 691 Constitutiones, 791 East- Central Europe flexibility of, 797 Cistercians in, 889 – 92 in Ireland, 916 – 18 cultural role of monasticism in, 895 – 99 sovereignty and formality of, 794 , 795 – 96 earliest foundations in, 885 – 89 in Strasbourg, 1147 female founders and patrons in, 499, 892– 94 women, inclusion of, 1048 – 1051 , 1054 – 1055 hermitism in, 687 – 88 donations and patronage, see also property historiography of, 882 – 83 and land military orders in, 892 and aristocratic expansion, 849 – 53 missions in, 883 – 85 authority and, 857 – 62 Eastern influences on the West, see also Greek/ from bishops, 1105 – 107 Byzantine monasteries (in the East) of church objects, 1004 – 1005 modes of contact, 632 – 39, 631–2, 639–41 circulation of, among laity and overview, 639 – 44 monasteries, 586 – 88 in southern Italy and Sicily, 408 – 9 , 411 – 12 connection to mass, 733 , 809 – 10 Western interpretations of Eastern literature, decline in, 1113 – 114 147 – 51 , 632 – 33 historiography of, 930 – 31 Western syntheses of Eastern legitimacy through, 584 – 86 psalmody, 121 – 26 memorial and spiritual function of, 279 – 81 , Eastern Saints, Lives of, 68 523 – 25 , 585 , 586 Ebbo of Reims, 495 motivations behind, 853 – 57 Eberhard VI, Count of Nellenburg, 568 Donatus, Aelius, 460 Eberhard the Elder (“Eberhard im Bart”), 1144 , Donatus of Besançon, Regula , 181 , 262 , 266 , 1145 , 1146 289, 737 Eberhard the Younger, 1144 , 1145

1198

1199

Index

Ebrach (monastery), 1036 Elias the Younger, 635 ecclesiastical authority Elijah, “heretic,” 128 – 29 canon law on, 51 – 52 , 172 – 73 , 198 , 344 Elijah, prophet, 641 , 686 distinction between clergy and monks/nuns, Elisabeth of Hungary, 651 , 893 , 1018 , 1059 – 1060 , 1067 113 , 291 Elisha, prophet, 686 heresy and, 128 – 29 , 132 – 33 Elkins, Sharon, 565 – 66 intercessory prayer and, 291 – 92 Ellwangen (monastery), 1186 – 187 for missions, 490 Elm, Kaspar, 566 , 656 monastic claims of superiority to, Elst (monastery), 488 2 9– 3 0, 5 9 4– 9 5 Ely (monastery), 1004 monastic exemption from, 1101 – 103 Empey, Adrian, 915 as non-gendered, 271 – 72 “Enanisho,” monk, The Paradise, 68 patronage and, 858 – 59 , 1105 – 107 enclosure, see space over property, 836 Engelberga of Aquitaine, 580 over recluses, 753 – 54 , 755 – 56 Engelbert (Angilbert), 531 over women’s religious life, 223, 462–3, 1036, England, see also Ireland ; ministers (mynstru ) 1046 – 1054 , 1064 – 1067 , 1119 – 121 aristocratic expansion in, 849 – 50 rights and responsibilities, 1094 – 1095 hermitism in, 691 – 92 sanctity of, 65 Old English terms for religious life, 503 – 5 schools in monasteries, 450 – 56 Old English texts, 513 – 15 in southern Italian and Sicilian reform according to the RB in, 507 – 13 , monasteries, 406 515 – 17 , 539 – 40 statutes on the religious, 1103 – 105 entrance ad succurrendum, 588 , 594 teaching methods, 456 – 63 environment, see landscapes, monastic; space tithes, 836 , 837 – 38 , 1104 Ephesus, Council of (431), 134 understanding of monasticism, 1095 – 1098 Ephrem the Syrian, 43 , 56 visitation, 1098 – 1101 , 1110 – 111 Epiphanius of Salamis, 130 – 31 , 134 , 136 , 150 , 571 Eckenstein, Lina, 374 Epiphanius of San Vincenzo al Volturno, Eckhart, Meister, 1057 , 1070 – 1 527 – 29 , 528f27.3 economy, see agriculture ; property and land episcopal authority, see ecclesiastical Edgar the Peaceful, King of England, 447 , 508 , authority 539 – 40 Epistola de litteris colendis (Charlemagne), 452 , Edith of Wilton, 743 see also Charlemagne Ediva, founder and abbess of Godstow, 855 Erasmus, 1109 education, see also preaching and sermons; Ercanbert of Fulda, 456 universities eremitism, see hermitism and hermits historiography of, 935 – 36 Erhard, saint, 534 of lay adolescents, 1115 – 116 Erik Eiegod, Danish King, 497 through liturgy, 972 – 73 Eriugena, John Scottus, 633 in medicine, 876 – 79 , 1075 Ermoldus Nigellus, 442 scholasticism and, 699 , 725 – 26 , 1187 – 188 Essen (monastery), 523–4, 811 schools in monasteries, 450 – 6 estates satire, 1156 , 1161 , see also satire Edward I, King of England, 917 Estefanía Armengol, 862 Edward II, King of England, 917 – 18 Étaix, Raymond, 715 Edward Bruce, 917 Ethelburga, founder and first abbess of Egypt Barking, 967 archaeology in, 77 – 80 Eucharist, theology of, 702 diversity of early female monastic practice Eucherius of Lyon, 103 , 155 , 568 , 756 in, 98 – 103 In Praise of the Desert, 167 , 319 monastic economy in, 341 – 42 On the renunciation of the world, 153 monastic families in, 106 – 9 Eudes (or Odo) Rigaud, Archbishop of preservation of familial bonds in, 99 – 100 , 103 – 6 Normandy, 1111 Eigil of Fulda, 477 Eugenia of Rome, 63 , 66 Eleanor of Aquitaine, 824 Eugenios (Awgen), 69 Eleanor of Vermandois, 844 Eugippus, 60 Elias the Cave Dweller, 403, 635 Eusebius Gallicanus, Sermones , 58

1199

1200

Index

Eusebius of Caesarea, 144 Fonte Avellana (monastery), 1029 Ecclesiastical History, 42 , 58 , 151 Fontevraud (monastery), 570 , 572 , 614 , 741 – 42 , Eustathius of Sebaste, 131 , 574 824 , 935 , 1016 , 1041 , 1043 Eustochium, saint, 216 , 221 , 562 Foot, Sarah, 228 , 503 – 4 Eusebius of Vercelli, 85 , 767 forest rights, 844 – 45 Eutropius of Valencia, De districtione forgeries and forgers, 627 – 29 monachorum, 202 Foucault, Michel, 33 Evagrius of Antioch, 147 Fountains (monastery), 497, 841 Evagrius Ponticus, 23 , 45 , 48 , 55 , 115 , 137 – 39 Fournier, Jacques, 1087 , see also Benedict XII, Eve of Liège, 1066 Pope; benedict 12 Everelmus, hermit, 690 Fourth Lateran Council (1215), 658 , 766 , 790 , 801 , Evesham (monastery), 497 866 , 1010 , 1077 , 1096 , 1117 , 1127 , 1173 Evrard of Clairvaux, 1079 Fox, Richard, Bishop of Winchester, 1083 exegesis, see preaching and sermons; theology Franca, recluse and then hermit, 694 exemptions, 334 , 410 , 608 – 9 , 610 , 626 – 29 , 668 – 69 , France 947 – 48 , 1101 – 103 archaeology in, 87 – 88 , 90 – 91 , 241 – 53 , 322 experiential theology, 705 – 8 “Benedictinization” of liturgy in, 421 – 24 psalmody in, 122 – 23 Fabri, Felix , Sionpilger , 808 Romanization of liturgy in, 417 – 21 family Francesco da Castiglione, 954 familial bonds, preservation of, 99 – 100 , Francis of Assisi, 761 , 1023 103 – 6 , 406 – 7 Franciscans and Franciscan order, 3 memory, preservation of, 523 – 25 , 585 austerity of, 1023 – 1024 monastic, 106 – 9, 302–3, 305–6 care for the sick, 867 – 68 , 870 and monastic networks, 861 – 62 in Ireland, 916 – 18 prestige and legitimacy through monastic rules, 800 ties, 154 – 55 , 584 – 86 women, inclusion of, 1051 – 1055 , 1066 , Fantinus the Younger, 406 , 635 1069 – 1071 Fantinus the Younger, Life of, 402 Franco of Francavilla, 636 Farfa (monastery), 967 Frange, monk in the Thebaid, 105 – 6 Faricius, Abbot of Abingdon, 998 Franklin, Carmela, 395 fasting, 99 , 191 , 308 Frederick I Barbarossa, 860 Fathers of the Church, theological tradition, Fritzlar (monastery), 490 461, 699– 700 Frotharius of Toul, 323 , 432 Faustus of Riez, 141 Fructuosus of Braga, 179 , 196 Feast of All Souls, 960 Regula, 197 , 200 , 203 – 4 Fécamp (monastery), 516, 610 Fruttuaria (monastery), 610 Feissel, Denis, 49 Fulbourn, Stephen de, 912 Felten, Franz J., 656 , 817 , 825 Fulda (monastery) Felton, John, 1133 Annales necrologici, 287 Fergusson, Peter, 679 buildings and structures at, 323 , 325 , 328 – 30 , Ferreolus of Uzès, Regula , 176 , 179 , 191, 265 476 – 78 , 530 – 31 , 533 Fieschi, Ottobuono, 948 , 1100 economy at, 478 Fifth Lateran Council (1512–1517), 1185 foundation of, 476 – 78 , 488 Finglas (monastery), 311 , 312 spiritual influence of, 489 , 494 – 95 Finnian, saint, 307 – 8 Fulgentius Ruspensis, 58 Finnian of Cluain Iraird, 307 – 8 Fulk of Neuilly, 1046 fisheries, 839 – 40 funerary rites, 756 – 58 Fitzralph, Richard, Archbishop of Armagh, 1087 , 1133 Galenic medicine, 865 – 66 FitzRoger, William, 912 Gangolf, Lives of, 593 , 594 Fleury (monastery), 318, 544, 588, 589, 590, Gaussin, Pierre-Roger, 775 611, 637 Gaytrick, John, 1136 customs and customaries, 332, 543, 553 Gaul, see France Fonseca, Cosimo Damiano, 775 Gaza, archaeology in, 82 – 83 Fontenelle (monastery), 325, 475, 549 Geary, Patrick, 385

1200

1201

Index

Gelasius I, Pope, 224 , 1014 Gilbert of Sempringham, 569 , 743 , 773 , 825 , Gelasius II, Pope, 772 1041 – 1042 , 1048 Gelasius of Derry, 904 Book of St. Gilbert, 74 1 Gellone (monastery), 597 Gilbertines, 773 , 825 , 935 , 1030 , 1041 – 1042 Gelnhausen (monastery), 1016 Gilchrist, Roberta, 819 gender Giles of Rome, 1102 in early Irish monasticism, 311–14 Gimsøy (monastery), 497 and intercessory prayer, 287 – 92 Girart of Vienne, 585 and liturgy, 729–46, 803–15 Gisela, Abbess of Chelles, 271 and monastic labor, 258 – 77 Gisela von Kerssenbrock, 964 third gender concept, 34 , 268 – 9 Giustiniani, Tommaso, 1185 General Chapter (Carthusian), 944 Glastonbury (monastery), 908 General Chapter (Cistercian) Glossa ordinaria, 706 administrative function, 658 , 786 , 798 , 941 , 942 glosses, 456 – 57 , 706 reform efforts, 1177 – 179 Gloucester College, 1080 representation in, 823 gluttony, 1158 – 160 , 1162 statutes, 944 , 953 , 981 , 1034 , 1044 Godden, Malcolm, 515 General Chapter (Dominican), 798 , 1048 – 1049 Godehard of Hildesheim, 637 General Chapter (English Benedictine), 948 , Godfrey of Cappenberg, 853 1077 , 1126 Godric of Finchale, 735 General Chapter (Franciscan), 1023 , 1053 Godstow (monastery), 855 General Chapter (Premonstratensian), 1043 Goffman, Erwing, 33 General Instruction (Admonitio Generalis, 789), Gold, Penny Schein, 565 452 – 53 , 458 , 459 , 461 , 716 Golding, Brian, 1100 Genevieve of Paris, Life of, 61 Goliardic tradition, 1157 – 158 , 1159 Geoffrey of Auxerre, 721 Gorze (monastery), 446 – 47 , 589, 602– 3 , 612 Geoffrey of Monmouth, History of the Kings Goscelin of Saint-Bertin, 681 , 741 , 743 of Britain, 672 Göss (monastery), 745 , 813 Gerald of Aurillac, 584 , 594 Gottesfreunde (Friends of God), 1060 , 1069 Gerald (or Gerard) of Frachet, 1024 Gottfried of Disibodenberg, 739 Gerard of Brogne, 769 Göttingen (monastery), 978 , 983 Gerard of Nazareth, 692 Goullet, Monique, 59 Gerhoch of Reichersberg, 572 , 780 Grace Dieu (monastery), 907 Gerlach of Houthem, 690 – 91 Graiver, Inbar, 34 Germany grammar, 460 – 61 advocates in, 859 – 61 Granard (monastery), 918 aristocratic expansion in, 850 – 51 Le Grand-Beaulieu at Chartres (monastery), hermitism in, 687 – 88 874 , 875 Investiture Controversy in, 858 – 59 Grande Chartreuse (monastery), 614 , 788 , 789 Gernrode (monastery), 523 Grandmontines, 642 , 800 Gero, Count, 523 grange agricultural system, 835 – 36 Gerson, Jean, 1188 Gratian, 1075 Gertrud of Altenberg, 814 , 1018 Decretum, 619 , 620 , 621 , 625 , 629 , 710 , 771 , 981 Gertrud of Babenberg, Duchess of Great Laura of Sabas (monastery), 81 , 117 , 139 Bohemia, 889 Great Lavra of Athos (monastery), 347 – 49 , Gertrude of Helfta, 966 351 – 53 , 358 Spiritual Exercises, 9 7 1– 7 2 Greek/ Byzantine monasteries, in the East, Gertrude of Nivelles, 271 see also Eastern influences on the West Gertrude Rickeldey of Ortenberg, 1066 , 1068 , alms and labor as income, 341 – 44 1069 – 1071 early legislation on monastic property, Géza II, King of Hungary, 889 344 – 45 Gibbon, Edward, 28 hagiographies, 24–5, 63– 68 gifts, see donations and patronage post- 1204 developments, 356 – 60 Gilbert of Hoyland, 721 prosperous foundations, 345 – 53 Gilbert of Poitiers, 706 struggling foundations, 353 – 54 use of land, 354 – 56

1201

1202

Index

Greek/ Byzantine monasticism, in East-Central Guy de l’Aumone, 1087 Europe, 499, 884, 896 – 97 Guy of Vaux-de- Cernay, 725 Greenblatt, Stephen, 937 Guyotjeannin, Olivier, 50 Gregory the Great, Pope, 58 , 218 – 19 , 504 – 8 , 627 on pedagogy, 1001 hagiographies in Rule of Aachen, 768 Italo- Greek, in southern Italy and Sicily, 401 – 2 sermons of, 713 , 714 – 16 manual labor models in, 262 , 264 , 265 – 66, 642 theology of, 699 – 700 , 701 , 707 overview of Greek, 63 – 68 Dialogues, 61 , 174, 184, 283–4 , 287 – 88 , 317 – 18 , overview of Latin, 59 – 63 , 390 – 94 400 , 685 , 714 , 731 overview of Syriac, 66 – 70 Forty Homilies, 715 Western translations of Eastern, 24–5, Homilies on Ezekiel, 7 1 5– 1 6 147– 51 , 632 – 33 Moralia on Job, 705 , 715 Haider, Ursula, 1131 , 1132 Regula pastoralis, 506, 715 Haimo of Auxerre, 455 , 456 , 458 , 461 – 62 Gregory VII, Pope, 591 , 859 , 897 , 902 Hákon, Norwegian ruler, 496 Gregory IX, Pope, 913 , 1023 , 1047 , 1048 , 1052 – 1053 , Hall, Derek, 819 1173 , 1179 , see also Hugo of Ostia Hallinger, Kassius, 602 – 4 , 657 Quo elongati, 1052 – 1053 Hamage (monastery), 249 – 50 , 252 , 322 Gregory the Armenian, 65 , 638 Hamilton, Bernard, 374 Gregory of Cassano, 636 Hamilton, Sarah, 623 Gregory of Nazianzus, 748 Harold Bluetooth, Danish King, 496 Gregory of Nyssa, 567 , 571 Harrison, Anna, 972 De virginitate, 269 Hartmut, Abbot of St. Gall, 983 Life of Macrina, 5 74 Haskins, Charles H., 659 , 664 Gregory Pakourianos, 350 , 355 Haverholme (monastery), 1042 Gregory of Rimini, 1087 Heale, Martin, 1111 Gregory of Tours, 58 , 61 , 88 , 180 , 219 , 750 health, see medical care Historiae, 180 Hedwig, Duchess of Silesia, 893 Liber in gloria martyrum, 2 9 2– 9 3 Heiligenkreuz (monastery), 857 , 889 Liber vitae patrum, 180 Heilke of Staufenberg, 1068 , 1069 – 1071 Gremmelsbach, Peter, 1176 Heimerad, hermit, 687 Grey Abbey, 909 Heinzelmann, Martin, 60 Grimaldus of Reichenau, 444 Heiric of Auxerre, 458 , 460 , 461 – 62 , 593 Grimlaicus, author of rule for recluses, 751 , 753 , 759 Hélinand of Froidmont, 722 , 723 , 724 , 725 – 26 Grimoard, Guillaume, 1087 , see also Urban V, Helisachar of Saint-Riquier/ Saint- Aubin, 421 Pope Heloise, Abbess of the Paraclete, 659 , 675 , 682 , 740 Grottaferrata (monastery), 631 Henning, Joachim, 466 Grundmann, Herbert, 6 , 662 , 775 , 1039 Henry IV, Emperor, 859 Grunebaum, Gustave von, 632 Henry II, Emperor, 611 – 12 Guda of Bonnenberg, 568 – 69 Henry II, King of England, 724 , 824 , 907 , 911 Guerric of Igny, 721 Henry III, King of England, 911 guests and guest houses, 263 – 64 , 266 , 332 , 555 – 56 Henry V, King of England, 1083 Guibert of Gembloux, 739 – 40 , 741 Henry VI, King of England, 1083 Guibert of Nogent, 641 Henry I the Bearded, 852 Guibert of Tournai, 1060 Henry Chichele, Archbishop of Guido of Arezzo, 680 Canterbury, 1083 Guigo I, prior of La Grande Chartreuse, 671 , Henry of Wolfratshausen, 860 7 1 1, 7 8 9, 8 0 1 Henryków (monastery), 852 Guigo II, prior of La Grande Chartreuse, Herce (monastery), 832 Ladder of Monks, 675 heresy Guisborough (monastery), 906 among monastic pioneers, 130 – 34 Gunner, Abbot of Øm then Bishop of discourse of, 129 Viborg, 1078 Messalians, 134 – 35 Günther, hermit, 687 – 88 Origenist controversy, 128 , 135 – 40 , 150 Gutenberg, Johann, 994 Pelagianism, 140 – 41 Gutenberg Bible, 994 Herluca of Epfach, 736

1202

1203

Index

Hermann of Reichenau, 680 Hispania Hermann Sack, 984 – 85 historical sources in, 196 – 97 Hermann von Lobdeburg, 1107 origins of monasticism in, 197 – 99 Hermières (house of regular canons), 845 socioeconomic contexts of contractual texts hermitism and hermits, see also reclusion and in, 206 – 9 recluses socioeconomic contexts of rules in, 199 – 206 in cave dwellings, 407 – 8 Historia monachorum in Aegypto, 25, 43, 60 , 101 in Central Europe, 687 – 88 Holmcultram (monastery), 909 defined, 684 , 748 Holstenius, Lucas, 162 dichotomy of coenobitism and, 23 – 24 , 129 Holy Cross of Mortara (house of regular in England, 691 – 92 canons), 773 evidence in historical sources, 55 , 57 Holy Cross of Wechselburg (monastery), 1016 fluidity of, 635–6, 749– 50 Holy Land in France, 688 – 91 hermitism in, 692 gender of, 762 pilgrimage to, 55, 342, 562 in Holy Land, 692 regular canons in, 773 in Italo-Greek hagiography, 401, 635–6, 640–1 sorores penitentes in, 1047 in Italy, 685 – 87 Holy Trinity of Cava (monastery), 410 l a y, 6 9 0– 9 1, 6 9 4 Holy Trinity of Poitiers (monastery), 581 reformers’ promotion of, 613 – 14 Holy Trinity of the Scots (monastery), 903 models for, 686 homilies and homiliaries, 712 , see also preaching revival characteristics, 684 – 85 , 692 – 95 and sermons Western contact with Eastern, 635 – 41 Honoratus of Arles and Lérins, 60 , 103 , 153 , 167 , Herrad of Landsberg, 659 , 681 171 , 954 Hortus Deliciarum, 684 , 752 Honorius III, Pope, 1048 , 1062 , 1065 Hetti of Trier, 323 Honorius Augustodunensis, 703 , 707 Hieracas of Leontopolis, 130 – 31 Hoskins, William George, 816 Hieronymites, 1182 hospices, 555 – 56 Higden, Ranulf, Ars componendi sermones, 1133 Hospitallers, 843 , 911 – 12 Hilarion of Gaza, 82 hospitals, 871 – 76 Hilary of Arles, 171 Hostiensis (Henry of Seuse), 1062 Life of Honoratus, 6 0 house ascetics and asceticism Hildebold of Soissons, 461 canon law on, 217 – 18 , 220 – 23 Hildegard of Bingen, 8 , 556 distinctions in consecration conflict over pastoral care, 738 – 39 ceremonies, 223 – 26 debate on luxury, 1019 – 1020 distinctions in diplomatic sources, 226 – 28 liturgical compositions, 679, 965– 66 ecclesiological distinctions of female medical knowledge, 878 – 79 asceticism and, 214 – 15 , 220 at men’s monastery, 736 interaction with male monasteries, 228 – 29 theology and preaching of, 659 – 60 , 681 , 704 – 5 , as phenomenon, 99 , 215 – 20 711 , 721 , 723 a s t e r m , 2 1 3– 1 4 Book of Divine Works, 705 Hrabanus Maurus, 456 , 536 – 38 , 537f. 27.5, 716 – 17 Causes and Cures, 879 De computo, 460 Ordo Virtutum, 965 – 66 On the Training of Clergy, 456, 462 Physica, 878 Hradišt ě (monastery), 886 Scivias, 965 Hrotswitha of Gandersheim, 394, 460, 462 , 594 , Hildemar of Corbie (or Civate), 187 – 88 , 324 , 332 , 659 , 694 , 759 388 , 422 , 429 , 444 , 454 , 732 Hroznata the Bold, 888 Hilduin of Saint-Denis, 422 Hugh of Amiens, Archbishop of Rouen, 777 Hilpisch, Stephan, 564 – 65 Hugh of Châtillon, 845 Hincmar of Reims, 471 Hugh of Cluny, 637 On the Governance of the Palace, 4 7 0 Hugh of Fouilloy, De claustro animae, 330 – 31 Hirbodian, Sigrid, 1067 Hugh of Fosses, 788 Hirsau monastery and reform, 570 , 611 , 614 , 824 , Hugh de Lacy II, 909 , 915 851 , 859 , 960 , 1029 , 1030 , 1033 , 1188 Hugh of Saint-Cher, 1066 , 1086 Constitutiones Hirsaugenses, 1 0 2 9 Hugh of Saint-Victor, 318 , 676 , 772 , 1001

1203

1204

Index

Hugh V of Semur, Abbot of Cluny, 228 , 589 , 597 , Irene Doukaina, Byzantine Empress, 351 637 , 718 , 789 Irimbert of Admont, 575 – 76 , 721 – 22 Hughes, Kathleen, 314 Isaac, missionary monk in Poland, 885 Hugo of Ostia, 1051 – 1052 , see also Gregory IX, Isaac of Stella, 721 , 723 – 24 Pope; gregory 9 Isaiah, hermit, Asketikon , 55 Hugo of Tholey, 739 Isarn of Saint-Victor, 597 Humbert of Romans, 799 , 975 , 1023 , 1049 Isidore of Seville, 122 , 179 , 204 , 713 , 768 De eruditione predicatorum, 1049 – 1050 De viris illustribus, 196 Humiliati, 1042 Regula, 196 , 200 , 201 – 3 , 323 Hundred Years War, 912 , 1036 Išo’dena ḥ of Ba ṣr a , 6 9 Hungary, see also East- Central Europe Ita of Nellenburg, 568 missions in, 498 – 99 Italy, see also southern Italy and Sicily Hus, Jan, 1086 , 1134 archaeology in, 85 – 87 , 89 – 90 , 235 – 41 aristocratic expansion in, 850 Idung of Prüfening, Dialogus duorum hermitism in, 639–40, 685– 87 monachorum, 777 , 1158 psalmody in, 123 – 26 Ildefonso of Toledo, De viris illustribus, 196 Iviron (monastery), 348 – 49 , 352 , 355 – 56 Île- Barbe (monastery), 245 – 46 Ivo, bishop from Persia, 638 infirmaries, 869 – 71 , 985 – 86 Ivo of Chartres, 620 , 625 , 626 Inishloughnacht (monastery), 905 , 914 Innocent I, Pope, 220 Jacques de Thérines, 1093 , 1094 , 1102 Innocent II, Pope, 904 Jacques de Vitry, 1046 , 1062 – 1063 Innocent III, Pope, 725 , 1036 , 1044 , 1048 History of the Western World, 766 , 1042 – 1044 Innocent IV, Pope, 1049 , 1053 , 1173 Life of Mary of Oignies, 1061 , 1069 Institutio canonicorum (Synod of Aachen), 422 , Jakobsen, Johnny G., 829 438 , 439 – 40 , 508 , 512 Jaksa, husband of Agafia and lay Institutio sanctimonialium (Synod of Aachen), magnate, 887 – 88 263 , 264 , 438 , 440 – 41 , 508 Jansen, Joseph E., 6 institutions, see orders Jarich of Mariengaarde, 1135 intercessory prayer, 733 – 34 , 809 – 10 , 891 – 92 Jean III de Bourbon, 1179 absence in RB, 185 Jean de Damas-Cozan, 1179 burial locations and, 292 – 94 Jean de Heynsberg, Bishop of Liège, 1064 essential role in monastic communities, Jean de Marville, 1017 3 5– 3 6 Jean de Vincelles, Abbot of Saint-Claude, 1179 in female communities, 288 – 92 , 523 J ę dzejów (monastery), 889 , 895 and imagined community of prayer, 278 – 79 Jerome, saint, 699 , 701 , 710 , 768 liturgy for, 281 – 84 , 285 – 86 , 587 – 88 criticism of corrupt monks, 30 , 133 necrologies and martyrologies for, 286 – 87 hagiographies by, 24 , 60 , 148 – 50 prayer associations and, 284 – 85 on heresy, 141 preservation of memory through, 523 – 25 , 585 , 586 on hierarchical Church, 214 scholarship on, 279 – 81 letters of, 58 , 133, 215–17 theological debates on, 287 – 88 monasteries of, 562 Investiture Controversy, 858 – 59 on monastic office, 621 Ireland on monastic origins, 42 Anglo-Norman invasion, 907 – 8 in Origenist controversy, 136 , 150 Anglo-Norman mendicants in, 916 – 18 on self-discipline, 151 Anglo-Norman monastic foundations translation of Pachomian rules, 168 – 69 in, 908 – 16 travels and literacy of, 45 archaeology of religious settlements in, 91 – 92 Life of Hilarion, 1 4 9– 5 0 boundaries of religious settlements in, 304 – 7 Life of Malchus, 1 4 9 distinctions of monastic life in, 307 – 10 Life of Paul, 1 4 8– 4 9 psalmody in, 121 – 22 Jerome of Mondsee, 975 reform in, 310 – 14 Jerpoint (monastery), 905 , 913, 914 terms for monastic life in, 299 – 304 Jerusalem, see Holy Land twelfth- century transformations, 902 – 7 Jind řich Zdík, Bishop of Olomouc, 888 Irene, Byzantine Empress, 345 Joachim of Fiore, 676 , 704

1204

1205

Index

Joanna of Flanders, 1063 Julian Saba the Elder, 67 Jocelyn of Beaubec, 914 Juliana of Cornillon, 1066 Johann Dederoth, 1175 Julianus Pomerius, De vita contemplativa, 167 Johann Merswin, 1150 Julien of Vézelay, 719 Johannes Affligemensis, 680 Julius II, Pope, 1179 Johannes Hagen, 1175 , 1185 Jumièges (monastery), 319 Johannes Rode, 1182 Jura Fathers, 25, 246– 47 Johannes Sack, 984 – 85 Life of the Jura Fathers, 45 , 60 , 103, 166, 168, 172 John XIX, Pope, 608 Justinian I, Emperor, 52 , 344 – 45 John XXII, Pope, 917 , 1103 Jutta of Alfter, 979 John XXIII, Pope, 3 Jutta of Sponheim, 8 , 704 , 736 John II Komnenos, Byzantine Emperor, 351 John V Palaiologos, Byzantine Emperor, 359 Karsbach (monastery), 493 John I, King of England, 724 Kazimierz the Restorer, Duke of Poland, 885 John III Vatazes, Emperor of Nicaea, 357 Kellia (monastery), 77 – 78 John, missionary monk in Poland, 885 Kells (monastery), 916 John, husband of Mary of Oignies, 1063 Kells/ Mellifont, Synod of (1152), 902 , 907 John the Baptist, 641 , 686 Kessler, Herbert, 1000 John of Biclaro, 199 Khirbet ed-Deir (monastery), 82 John Chrysostom, 62 , 65 , 136 , 571 Khirbet es-Suyyagh (monastery), 82 Against the opponents of the monastic life, 154 – 55 Kildare (monastery), 303, 309 De virginitate, 269 Kirkstall (monastery), 1084 , 1116 John Climacus, 23 , 55 – 56 Kirkstead (monastery), 497 John, Archbishop of Corinth, 637 kitchens and cooking, 553 – 55 John de Courcy, 909 Klaudruby (monastery), 887 John the Evangelist, 741 – 43 , 965 Kłoczowski, Jerzy, 882 John of Ephesus, 68 Klosterneuburg (monastery), 857 John of Fécamp, 643 , 705 – 6 Knights of the Cross with the Red Star, 893 John of Ford, 721 , 724 , 1078 Knowles, David, 654 , 1036 , 1112 , 1171 John of Gaza, 57 Komburg (monastery), 1186 – 187 John of Gorze, 331 , 425 , 751 Königslutter (monastery), 981 John Gualberti, 613 Konrad Ohnesorg, jurist, 985 John of Jerusalem, 150 Konrad of Rennenberg, 979 John le Romeyn, Archbishop of York, 1099 Kremerin, Magdalena, 1144–5 John of Matera, 411 Kruckenberg, Lori, 964 John of Montecassino, 639 Kunegunda (or Kinga), patroness of Poland and John Philagathos, 636 Lithuania, 894 John of Salisbury, 621–2 Kunigunde Niklasin, 982 John Scottus (Eriugena), 633 Kunigunde of Bavaria, 985 John de Stukle, 1087 Johnson, Penelope, 1100 Ladder of the Divine Ascent, 55 – 56 Jolenta, sister of Kunegunda and wife of Duke Ladner, Gerhart, 652 , 659 Bolesław the Pious, 894 laity, see family ; lay brothers and sisters Jonas of Bobbio, 32, 182, 333 (conversi/ ae ) ; nobility, lay Life of Columbanus, 181–4, 61, 181 , 183 , 238 , 288 Lambert of Ardres, History of the Counts of Jones, Claire Taylor, 970 Guines and Lords of Ardres, 860 Jordan of Saxony, 1048 Lamprecht, Karl, 1141 Joris, Bishop of Sinai, 638 Lamspringe (monastery), 825 Joshua of San Vincenzo al Volturno, 526 – 27 land, see property and land Juana de la Cruz, The Book of Comfort, 1131 Landesgeschichte (regional history) Judaism, prayer cycles, 118 applied to medieval Strasbourg, 1147 Judean Desert applied to St. John the Baptist monastery, archaeology in, 81 – 82 1 1 4 4– 1 4 7 monastic economy in, 342 – 43 criticism of, 1140 Julian of Eclanum, 45 , 701 as discipline, 819 – 20 , 1141 – 144 Julian of Norwich, 763 value of, 1151 – 152

1205

1206

Index

Landévennec (monastery), 250 Leyser, Conrad, 153 landscapes, see space Libanius, 29 landscapes, monastic Liber Glossarum, 457 as concept, 816 – 17 Libellum ad Leonem X, 1185 evolution of networks in, 821 – 22 Libellus de diversis ordinibus et professionibus qui gender and, 822 – 25 sunt in Aecclesia, 7 8 0 maps, charts, and diagrams, 827 – 29 Liber Fundationis Claustri Sanctae Martiae methodologies in study of, 819 – 21 Virginis, 898 – 99 source- based data, 825 – 27 liberties, monastic, 182, 186, 334, 410 , 608 – 9 , 610 , sources for study of, 817 – 19 626 – 29 , 668 – 69 , 947 – 48 , 1101 – 103 Lanfranc of Canterbury, 702 , 902 libraries, see also book production Decreta (Statuta), 544, 672 catalogues, 988 – 93 Langland, William, 1109 chapter house books, 979 – 81 Lauconne (monastery), 246 cloister books, 981 – 82 Laudabiliter (Adrian IV), 907 design and layout, 986 – 88 laura, as term, 68, 642 dormitory books, 983 – 85 Laura of Sabas (monastery), 81 , 117 , 139 historical writing, 897 – 99 Laurence O’Toole (Lorcán Ua Tuathail), historiography of, 936 – 38 Archbishop of Dublin, 906 , 911 infirmary books, 985 – 86 Lavra of Athos (monastery), 347 – 49 , 351 – 53 , 358 liturgical books, 812 – 13 , 976 – 79 l a w, see canon law manuscripts as historical sources, 394 – 95 Law of Adomnán (Cáin Adomnáin), 303 medical books, 877 – 79 , 985 – 86 Lawerne, John, 1086 reading programs facilitated by, 451 Lawrence, Clifford Hugh, 6 , 775 reconstruction of, 995 – 96 lay brothers and sisters (conversi/ ae ), 15 , 551 , record keeping and notarial services, 895 – 96 557 – 58 , 569 , 573 , 613 , 614, 1116–18 refectory books, 982 – 83 historiography of, 932 , 1027 – 1028 survival of contents, 382 – 83 rise and regulation of, 1028 – 1030 university books, 1089 social status of, 1033 – 1034 Libri Ordinarii, 811 , 812 , 977 space for, 1032 – 1033 Lietbert of Saint-Ruf, 777 – 78 terminology, 1027 Lieu- Notre- Dame- de- Romorantin transformation of status, 1034 – 1037 (monastery), 844 work of, 834 , 872 – 74 , 910 , 1030 – 1032 Lifshitz, Felice, 34 Leander of Seville, 179 , 196 Ligugé (monastery), 90 , 242 Leclercq, Henri, 214 Lindisfarne Gospels, 534 – 35 Leclercq, Jean, 463 – 64 , 652 , 663 , 664 , 685 , 698 – 99 , Lippoldsberg (monastery), 146 , 575 , 824 , 825 723 , 744 , 776 Lismullin (monastery), 907 lectionaries, 712 , see also preaching and sermons literacy, 942 – 47 , 969 – 71 Lehmann, Edgar, 987 literature, see satire Łekno (monastery), 889 Little Malvern (monastery), 908 Lembos (monastery), 357 liturgy, see also intercessory prayer; psalmody Leo I, Pope, 713 altars, 1006 – 1012 , 1008f. 54.1 Leo IX, Pope, 628 “Benedictinization” of Frankish, 421 – 24 Leoba, 271 , 272 , 493 books for, 812 – 13 , 976 – 79 Leo- Luke, Life of, 402 Carolingian influence on tenth- and Leonhard Paetraer, 1181 eleventh-century reform of, 424 – 28 Leonien, recluse in Autun, 760 chants, new compositions, 961 – 64 Leontius of Byzantium, 139 choirs, 1012 – 1016 Leontius of Fréjus, 171 clamor ritual, 590 – 91 Leopold III of Babenberg, Margrave of consecration ceremonies for female Austria, 889 ascetics, 223 – 26 lepers, leper houses, and leprosaria, 692 , devotion and, 971 – 72 7 5 7, 8 7 1– 7 6 education and, 458 – 59 Lérida, Council of (546), 198 of enclosure, 755 – 58 Lérins (monastery), 19–21, 23, 25, 36–7, 103 , 152 – 53 , as historical source, 679 – 81 155 , 167 , 171 – 72 , 175 , 243 , 322 , 954 historiography of, 933 – 34 Lester, Anne E., 868 , 1034 identity and, 809 – 11 , 966 – 69

1206

1207

Index

intercessory prayer in, 281 – 84 , 285 – 86 , 587 – 88 , non- gendered, 268 – 72 733 – 34 , 809 – 10 , 891 – 92 of nuns, 262 – 64 Latin syntheses of Eastern, 121 – 26 principles and divisions of, 260 – 62 limitations in study of, 428 – 30 servants for, 388 , 472 , 553 – 55 literacy and education through, 969 – 71 , 972 – 73 social norms reflected in monastic, 267 – 68 materiality of, 744 – 45 , 813 – 14 sources on, 259 – 60 Romanization of Frankish, 417 – 21 Manuel II Palaiologos, Byzantine space and, 333 – 34 , 806 – 9 Emperor, 359 theological expression in, 964 – 66 manuscript production, see book production; uniformity of, 959 – 61 libraries women’s engagement in, 288 – 91 , 730 – 31 , Map, Walter, 1163 744 – 45 , 811 – 12 m a p s , 8 2 7– 2 9 Liudger, missionary priest, 489, 491 Marazzi, Federico, 325 Liutius of Montecassino, 642 Marbach (house of regular canons), 772 Longpré (monastery), 844 Marbode, Bishop of Rennes, 689 Loppa of Spiegel, 979 Marcella, saint, 148 , 215 – 16 Lorenzetti, Pietro, 722 Marcellina, saint, 217 Lorsch (monastery), 326, 460, 479, 990, 996 Margaret/ Marina of Antioch, Passion of, 62 Louis the Pious, Emperor, 394, 422, 432, 438, Margaret of France, wife of Béla III, 889 497–8, 768 Margaret the Lame, 758 Louis IV, Landgrave of Thuringia, 1059 Marguerite of Flanders, 1063 Louis IX, King of France, 840 , 844 , 872 , Maria Alvarez, 832 1004 , 1102 Maria Evangelista, 1131 Lubi ń (monastery), 885, 886 Marinus, hermit, 686 Ludwig I of Thuringia, 862 Markus, Robert, 321 Ludwig of Arnstein, 568 – 69 , 855 Markyate (monastery), 1120 Luke of Messina, 413 Marmoutier (monastery), 90, 93, 242– 43 , Lupus of Ferrières, 455 – 56 , 461 – 62 , 473 335 – 38, 445 Lupus of Toul, Bishop of Troyes, 153 marriage, deprecation of, 131 Lutgard of Aywières, 1045 Marseilles (monastery), 244 Luther, Martin, 1134 , 1168 – 169 Marshal, Richard, 911 Lutter, Christina, 660 Martha, as model, 1031 , 1057 – 1059 , 1060 , 1061 , Luxeuil (monastery), 36 , 90 – 91 , 181–2, 250– 51 1064 , 1069 , 1070 – 1071 luxury, criticism of, 1018 – 1024 Martial, saint, 961 Lyon, Second Council of (1274), 1096 Martianus Capella, 1012 le Lys (monastery), 844 , 845 Martin V, Pope, 1179 Martin III (Camaldolese prior), Libri tres de Mabillon, Jean, 463 – 64 , 652 , 715 moribus, 943 Macarius, Archbishop of Antioch in Martin of Braga, 198 Armenia, 638 Martin of Tours, 60 , 90 , 151 – 52 , 242 – 43 , 750 Macarius of Egypt, 43 Martin de Vargas, 1178 Macrina the Younger, 65 , 131 , 567 , 574 martyrologies, 286 – 87 Máeldithruib (Céile Dé), 312 Mary, Virgin, 701 , 707 , 741 – 42 , 895 Máelruain (Céile Dé), 311 – 12 Mary, sister of Pachomius, 53 , 569 Máelruain of Finglas, 311–12 Mary the Egyptian, 762 Magdeburg cathedral, 1011 Mary Magdalene, as model, 700 , 701 , 1031 , Magister Golias de quodam abbate, 1159 1057 – 1059 Magna Carta Dunstani, 628 – 29 Mary of Oignies, 1061 Makowski, Elizabeth, 925 mass, see also liturgy Malachy (Máel Máedoc Ua Morgair), 904 , 906 female participation in, 288 – 91 Manasses II, Bishop of Orleans, 838 intercessory prayer in, 283 – 84 , 285 – 86 Manglieu (monastery), 249 ordination of monks for, 731 – 32 Manichaeism, 131 – 32 and pastoral care for women, 737 – 43 Mann, Jill, 1155 , 1156 in rules, 729 – 30 , 737 – 38 manual labor women excluded from ordination, 732 – 36 economic necessity of, 471 – 72 Mathilda- Otto Cross, 523 , 524f. 27.2 of monks, 265 – 66, 641–2 Matilda of Tuscany, 741

1207

1208

Index

Mathona, sister of Bishop Benignus, 300 – 1 Milo II, Count of Bar-sur- Seine, 856 Matrona of Perge, 66 minsters (mynstru ) Matthew (Mateusz), Bishop of Kraków, 892 reform according to the RB, 507 – 13 , 515 – 17 Matthew, missionary monk in Poland, 885 subsidence of, 505 – 7 Matthew Paris, 1076 , 1078 , 1100 as term, 504 – 5 Matthew the Templar, 911 Miroslav, lay magnate of the House of Matthew of Vendôme, Abbot of Wartenberg, 888 Saint-Denis, 1102 missions Maubuisson (monastery), 833 , 837 community networks in, 491 – 95 Maulbronn (monastery), 1016, 1033 in East-Central Europe, 883 – 85 Maundy (mandatum ), 549 – 50 in Hungary, 498 – 99 Maurice (Maurus), Bishop of Pécs, 884 manuscripts for, 490 – 91 Maurists, 663 overview of Willibrord and Mauss, Marcel, 280 Boniface’s, 487 – 88 Maximus of Turin, 713 recruitment for, 488 – 90 Mayr- Harting, Henry, 693 in Scandinavia, 495 – 98 McNamara, Jo-Ann, 34 , 258 Mlada- Maria, Bohemian princess, 886 meadows, 839 – 40 Mogilno (monastery), 885 Meaux (monastery), 1120 Mois, Jakob, 774 Mechthild of Helfta, 966 Molitor, Hainrich, 994 Mechthild of Magdeburg, 1045 , 1060 monachization, 769 – 70 Mechtild of Hackborn, 1045 Monasterboice (monastery), 529 Mechtild von der Pfalz, 1146 Monastery of Jeremias, 80 medical care “monastic cities” concept, 478 – 80 for community members, 869 – 71 monastic landscapes, see landscapes, monastic hospitaller orders, 909 monasticism(s), as term, 7 – 8 , 27 , 44 , 164 – 65 knowledge and learning, 876 – 79 , 985 – 86 , 1075 Mondsee Abbey, 980 for lay society, 871 – 76 Monegund, recluse in Tours, 750 lepers and leprosaria, 692 , 757 , 871 – 76 Monheim (monastery), 744 provisions for, 865 – 68 monk (monachos ), as term, 43 , 144 – 45 , 164 rules on, 263 – 64 , 266 Montalembert, Charles Forbes René de, Medici family, 1178 6 4 9– 5 2 Melania the Elder, 45 , 136 , 562 Montecassino (monastery), 89 – 90 , 400 – 1 , Melania the Younger, 45 , 65 , 217 , 568 403 , 409 , 421 , 631 , 877 , see also Cassinese Melk monastery, congregation, and reform, 960 , congregation 975, 982, 994, 1083, 1091, 1128 , 1175 , 1177, 1188 Montmajour (monastery), 227–8, 589, 842 Mellifont (monastery), 904 , 905 , 913 – 15 Moschos, John, Spiritual Meadow, 65 Melville, Gert, 389 , 658 , 776 , 817 Moses, patriarch, 686 Memleben (monastery), 884 Môtiers (monastery), 248 memorial practice, and intercessory prayer, 733 – Mt. Mula (monastery), 403 34 , 809 – 10 , 891 – 92 Muchelney (monastery), 878 mendicants, see also Dominicans (male and Muiredach mac Domhnall, 529 female); Franciscans Mulder- Bakker, Anneke, 1069 Meridan Fathers, Lives of, 202 Münster (monastery), 491 Merswin, Johann, 1150 Münsterschwarzach (monastery), 978 Merswin, Rulman, 1060 , 1150 Murbach (monastery), 461 Merton, Thomas, 699 Muri (monastery), 851 Messalians, 134 – 35 Muschiol, Gisela, 59 , 258 , 731 , 734 Methodius, apostle to the Slavs, 884 music, see also liturgy Meyer, Johannes, Buch der Reformacio chanting, 426 – 28 , 459, see also liturgy ; Predigerordens, 805 psalmody Michael Attaliate, 349 – 50 Myler de Bermingham, 916 Michel Psellos, 354 mysticism, 763 , 810 – 11 , 971 – 72 Michelsberg (monastery), 1177 , 1188 Migne, J.P., 163 Naqlun (monastery), 79 military orders, 800 , 843 , 911 – 12 , 1042 Naucratius, 567 mills, 838 – 41 necrologies, 286 – 87

1208

1209

Index

Neresheim (monastery), 1188 oblation and oblates, 107 , 489 , 502 , 550 – 53 , 582 , networks 705 , 885 , 972 – 73 , 1027 , 1095 as analytical framework, 820 – 21 Observant movement, see reform, Observant evolution of monastic, 821 – 22 Odile of Alsace, Abbess of Hohenbourg, 744 gender and, 822 – 25 Odilo of Cluny, 587 , 717 , 718 , 960 , 1157 Neumann, Eva Gertrud, 1068 Odo of Cluny, 424 , 552 , 594 , 595, 605, 717 – 18 Newman, Martha, 1028 Life of Gerald of Aurillac, 594 Ní Dhonnchadha, Mairín, 304 Odorannus of Sens, 680 Nicholas of Sion, 65 Oexle, Otto Gerhard, 294 Nicholas IV, Pope, 1066 , 1179 Of the True Apostolic Life, 777 Nicholas of Clairvaux (Nicholas of Ohrdurf (monastery), 490 Montièramey), 944, 1031 oikonomia (household administration), 470 – 72 Nicholas of Cusa, 1174 , 1177 Olbert of Gembloux, 620 Nicholas Cusack, Bishop of Kildare, 917 Oliver, Judith, 964 Nicholas Maniacoria, 699 Olympia the Deaconess, 65 , 99 , 136 Nichols, John A., 375 Orange, Council of (529), 140 Nider, Johann, 1068 Order of Dobrzyń , 892 De reformatione religiosorum, 1184 Order of St. John, 1042 Nidibrius of Narbonne, 421 Order of Mary Magdalene, 1047, 1048 Nightingale, John, 386 Order of the Poor Ladies of Spoleto Valley Nikephoros I, Byzantine Emperor, 346 (Tuscany), 1052 Nikephoros II Phokas, Byzantine Emperor, Order of Saint Clare, 1052 346 – 47 , 348, 353– 54, 360 Order of San Damiano, 1053 Niklasin, Kunigunde, 982 Order of Santiago, 1042 Nilus of Rossano, 631 , 635 , 640 Orderic Vitalis, 673 Nitria (monastic settlement in Egypt), 104, 136 orders, see also reform Nivelles (monastery), 977 adaptations, 787 – 91 nobility, lay flexibility, 796 – 98 authority over monasteries, 857 – 62 historiography of, 923 – 27 circulation of land with monasteries, 586 – 88 ideals, 791 – 93 legitimacy through monastic ties, 584 – 86 organizational principles, 784 – 87 , 798 – 99 lordship expansion and sources for, 942 – 47 intensification, 849 – 53 sovereignty and formality, 793 – 96 monastic foundation motivations, 853 – 57 in traditional narrative of monastic history, 4 – 5 monastic theories on relationship uniformity and identity, 799 – 801 with, 592 – 97 ordination ownership of monasteries, 580 – 81 , 585 ecclesiastical authority and, 1106 recruitment into monasteries, 581 – 82 of monks, 286 , 730 – 32 , 1126 reform impact on monastic ties, women excluded from, 732 – 36 583 – 84 , 591 – 92 Ordo Monasterii, 120 – 21 , 163, 170 and seigneurial power of monasteries, Orestes, Patriarch of Jerusalem, 635 588 – 92 Origen, 55 , 128 , 698 , 699 , 700 – 1 , 707 Nonnberg (monastery), 985 Origenist controversy, 135 – 40 , 150 Nonnenwerth (monastery), 824 Orléans, Council of (511), 752 Norbert of Xanten, 5–6, 675, 774, 787–8, 853, Ortlieb of Zwiefalten, 575 1041, 1043 Osek (monastery), 888 Norbertines, see Premonstratensians Ostrov (monastery), 886 Notitia de servitio monasteriorum (819), Oswald of Worcester, 509 – 10 436 , 473 Otto I, Emperor, 805 , 903 Notker Balbulus, The Stammerer (or of St. Otto II, Emperor, 884 Gall), 459, 962, 963 – 64 Otto III, Emperor, 395–6, 885 Novalesa (monastery), 240 Otto, count palatine for King of Hungary, 888 Otto of Brunswick, 1175 O’Brien (Ua Briain) family, 907 Ottokar II Př emyslid, Duke then King of O’Connor (Ua Conchobair) family, 907 Bohemia, 887 Ó Corráin, Donnchadh, 306 Ottomans, Byzantine conflict with, 359 – 60 Obazine (monastery), 837 , 844 outer courts, 555 – 57

1209

1210

Index

Ovid, 706 Perpetua and Felicity, Passion of, 6 2 Oxford, Council of (1222), 1119 Peter, Apostle, 1014 Oxford University, 1080 , 1083 Peter, Apa of the monastery of Mary, Oyend, Abbot of Condat, 321 – 22 Pachomius’s sister, 569 , 737 Peter Abelard, 675 , 682 , 697 , 735 , 740 , 741 , 777 , Pachomius, 25, 166, 737, 753 967 , 1076 hagiographies on, 43 , 63 , 101 , 576 Sic et Non, 458 monasteries of, 53 , 79 , 562 , 569 , 576 Peter of Cava, 411 rules of, 53 , 63, 105, 164, 166, 168–71, 179, 189 Peter of Celle, 719 , 1006 in traditional narrative of monastic history, Peter the Chanter, 1076 2, 4 , 7, 19, 43, 54, 57, 164 Peter Damian, 613 , 639–40 , 643 , 675 , 684 , 686 – 87 Pactum, 197 , 203 , 207 – 8 Life of Romuald of Ravenna, 9 4 6 Page, Christopher, 430 Peter the Hermit, 641 Palestine Peter the Judge, lay noble from Corrèze, 838 archaeology in, 81 – 83 Peter Lombard, 706 monastic economy in, 342 – 43 Peter of Sebaste, 567 Palladius, Lausiac History, 30 , 43 , 60 , 64 , 102 , 104 , Peter the Venerable, 391, 690, 711 , 717 , 718 – 19 , 789 , 125, 170, 576 797 , 960 Pannonhalma (monastery), 896 , 898 On Miracles, 972 Panormia, 6 2 5 Petershausen (monastery), 571 , 824, 1174 papal authority, 858 – 59 , 1093 – 1094 , see also Petritzos (monastery), 355 ecclesiastical authority Petry, Ludwig, 1142 papal schism (1378-1417), 1088 Peyroux, Catherine, 563 Paraclete (monastery), 967, 1039 Pez, Bernhard, 721 Paradies bei Soest (monastery), 979 Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, 1017 – 1018 The Paradise (“Enanisho”), 68 Philipp of Harvengt, 777 Paradise, monasteries as reflection of, 318 – 21 Philippart, Guy, 59 le Parc (monastery), 844 Philotheos of Theodoret, 343 Pargoire, Jules, 564 phlebotomy, 867 , 868 , 870 – 71 Paris, Council of (829), 222 Piast family, 886 , 889 Parisse, Michel, 566 pilgrimage, monasteries as centers of, 84 – 85 , 342 Paschal II, Pope, 410 Pinianus, 568 Paschasius Radbertus, 455 Piotr Włostowic, Count of Silesia, 887 – 88 pastoral care Pippin III, King of the Franks, 417 , 420 for laity, 1114 – 117 , 301–2, 1134– 137 Pirchheimer, Charitas, 980 for women religious, 737 – 43 Pirenne, Henri, 481 pastoralism, 841 – 44 Pius X, Pope, 125 Patmos (monastery), 341, 352, 353, 360 Plasy (monastery), 887 Patrick, saint, 300 Pobst, Phyllis, 1100 Rule, 303 Poland, see East- Central Europe patronage, see donations and patronage Poppo, missionary priest, 496 Paul of Latros, 639 Poppo of Stavelot-Malmédy, 612 Paul of Thebes, 2 , 43 , 148 – 50 , 641 , 686 , 800 Poppo, Archbishop of Trier, 637 Paul the Deacon, 387 , 717 Pons de Léras, 1034 Paula the Elder, 148 , 216 , 562 Porto in Ravenna (house of regular Paulina, founder of Paulinzelle, 694 canons), 773 Paulina of Paulinzella, Postoloprty (monastery), 886 life of, 573 Poulin, Joseph-Claude, 60 Paulines, 800 prayer, see also intercessory prayer; liturgy ; Paulinus of Nola, 87 , 156 – 57 , 568 psalmody Peace of God movement, 594 – 95 intercessory, 733 – 34 , 809 – 10 , 891 – 92 Peasants’ Revolt (1381), 1137 as pastoral act, 711 Pecham, John, 1097 – 1098 preaching and sermons, see also minsters Pelagius and Pelagianism, 24, 45, 140 – 41, 190 ( mynstru) ; missions penance academic, 1125 – 126 , 1128 intercessory, 283 as art, 1133 – 134 penitentials and, 307 – 8 , 623 – 26 in Carolingian period, 716 – 17

1210

1211

Index

Cistercian, 719 – 21 , 724 – 26 Prosper of Aquitaine, 768 at Cluny, 717 – 19 prostitution and prostitutes, 689 , 1034 , connection to secular world, 723 – 26 1 0 4 6– 1 0 4 7 justification of monastic, 710 – 11 Prouille (monastery), 1048 for laity, 1134 – 138 Prüm (monastery), 475 – 76 , 478 , 479 in late antiquity and early medieval Psalmody (monastery), 842 period, 713 – 16 psalmody, see also liturgy missions in East-Central Europe, 883 – 85 cycles of, 115 – 21 phenomenon of wandering, 662 in Ireland, 121 – 22 for religious laywomen, 1046 – 1047 , 1070 – 1071 in Italy, 123 – 26 and spiritual progress, 722 – 23 meanings of, 112 – 13 terminology and typology, 711 – 13 monastic cursus, 125 – 26 variety of settings for, 1127 – 129 in monastic education, 458 – 59 in vernacular, 722 , 1135 monastic vs. cathedral, 113 – 15 by visiting bishops, 1126 Roman Cursus, 125 – 26 , 418 – 20 by women, 493, 721– 22 , 1129 – 133 Romanization of Frankish, 418 – 20 Premonstratensians, 5 in southern France, 122 – 23 administration and organization of, 774 , Psellos, Michel, 354 787 – 88 , 792 , 797 , 822 criticism of, 777 Qal’at Sim’an, 84 liturgical decoration, use of, 1022 Quam sit necessarium, 6 2 7– 2 9 sovereignty and formality of, 794 , 796 Quedlinburg (monastery), 1004 , 1012 – 1013 women, inclusion of, 1043 – 1044 Querini, Vincenzo, 1185 Prémontré (house of regular canons), 772 Quinze- Vingts hospital, 872 , 873 , 875 P ř emyslid family, 885 – 86 , 887 , 889 Priscillian, On Faith and Apocrypha, 132 Rabanus Maurus (Hrabanus Maurus), 716 – 17 privileges, 182, 186, 334, 410 , 494, 608– 9 , 610 , Raboula of Edessa, 56 , 343 626 – 29 , 668 – 69 , 947 – 48 , 1101 – 103 Radegund, saint, 61 , 87–8 , 243, 271 processions, 808 – 9 , 811 – 12 , 968 – 69 Ráith Bressail, Synod of (1111), 902 Procopius of Gaza, 57 Rajhrad (monastery), 886 Procopius, priest and founder of the monastery Ralph d’Escures, 720 of Sázava, 896 Ralph the Hospitaller, 911 Prodrome (monastery), see Timios Prodromos Rameslo (monastery), 495 (monastery) Raoul and Agnès l’Assaieur, 873 property and land, see also agriculture ; Ratgar of Fulda, 447 , 495 , 530 , 533 donations and patronage Ratio de cursus qui fuerunt eius auctores, 419 – 20 acquisition and management, 834 – 36 Raulin, Jean, Collatio de perfecta religionis agriculture in Byzantium, 354 – 56 plantatione, 1184 beguine, 1064 Raymond of Peñafort, 791 , 1023 canon and imperial law on monastic, RB (Rule of St. Benedict) 344 – 46 , 352 – 54 bad monks in, 1157 circulation of, among laity and care for the sick in, 866 monasteries, 586 – 88 Carolingian promotion of, 162 – 63 , 184 – 87 , 387 , forest rights, 844 – 45 400 – 1 , 434 – 35 inheritance (in Ireland), 305 commentaries on, 187 – 88 , 324 , 332 , 387 – 89 , interdependence of monastic and 443 – 44 , 548 ecclesiastical, 436 – 38 composition of, 176 lay nobility’s ownership of monastic, connection to Regula Columbani, 1 8 2– 8 4 580 – 81 , 585 connection to Regula Magistri, 35 , 179 monasteries as, in Hispania, 198 , 199 economic concerns in, 467 – 68 , 470 organization of, 474 – 76 , 481 – 83 hermitism in, 685 sacralization of monastic, 334 – 38 liturgy in, 730 , 738 , 961 seigneurial power of monasteries over, on manual labor, 261 349 – 50 , 588 – 92 monastic spatial provisions in, 321 urban property acquisition, 845 – 46 oratories in, 1002 proprietary monastery (Eigenkloster ), 581 , 585 , 655 psalmody in, 125 proprietorship, see nobility, lay reading in, 450 , 716

1211

1212

Index

RB (Rule of St. Benedict) (cont.) manuscript production and, 993 – 95 regular canons and, 766 , 768 – 69 new monastic group efforts at, 1182 – 184 and reform of Frankish liturgy, 421 – 28 in normative sources, 671 – 72 on sacred possessions, 333 , 334 Observant reform, 1110 , 1132, 1144–7, 1174–6 in southern Italy and Sicily, 405 – 6 preaching and, 1132 – 133 spiritual progress in, 723 Romanization of Frankish liturgy, 417 – 21 theology in, 697 in satire, 1168 – 169 in traditional narrative of monastic history, self- reflection and, 445 – 46 25 , 41 , 365 – 66 in southern Italy and Sicily, 409 – 13 in visual history of monasticism, 3 in tenth century, overview, 602 – 8 Reccared, Visigothic King, 199 of universities, 1081 – 1084 reclusion and recluses, 556 , see also hermitism use of vernacular, 513 – 15 and hermits; house ascetics and asceticism Reginbert of Reichenau, 423 cells for, 754 – 55 Regino of Prüm, 286, 620, 624 – 25 criticism of, 752 Regula Communis, 30, 179, 197, 200 – 1 , 204 – 8 , 563 , entrance into, 754 , 755 – 58 568 , 571 , 574 , 576 fluidity of, 749 – 50 Regula Consensoria Monachorum, 197 , 208 – 9 gender of, 762 – 64 Regula conversorum (Usus Conversorum), 1030 , 1031 motives for, 758 – 60 Regula cuiusdam ad virgines, 181 , 262 – 64 , 333 regulation of, 750 – 51 , 753 – 54 , 756 Regula cuiusdam patris (ad monachos), 738 sources for, 751 – 52 Regula Magistri, 35 , 176 , 179 , 265 , 481 , 729 – 30 success and decline, 760 – 62 Regula Pauli et Stephani, 176 terminology, 747 – 48 Regula Tarnatensis, 176 , 179 recruitment, 165, 550– 53 , see also adult converts Regulae patrum, 175 (conversi ) ; oblation and oblates regular canons and canonesses, 1 – 4 Rede, Sir Robert, 1083 distinctions in high medieval period, 769 – 72 Refectories, 322 , 323 , 391 , 546 distinctions in late antiquity and early in houses of canons, 768 medieval period, 766 – 69 reading in, 970 , 982 – 83 , 994 expansion in twelfth century, 772 – 74 spatial organization of, 1032 historiography of, 774 – 77 r e f o r m , see also orders in Ireland, 905 – 7 , 915 – 16 in Anglo- Saxon England, 507 – 13 , 515 – 17 , models for, 779 539 – 40 self- conception of, 777 – 81 aristocratic support for, 851 – 52 Regularis Concordia, 425, 447, 514, 543–44, 607, 963 Benedict of Aniane’s prominence in Reichenau (monastery), 285, 444, 457, 525–6, 991 Carolingian narrative of, 441 – 43 Reinhard of Blankenburg, Bishop of Benedictine efforts at, 1173 – 177 Halberstadt, 773 “Benedictinization” of Frankish relics, 395 – 96 , 493, 495, 538, 584 , 590 , 635 , liturgy, 421 – 24 1004 – 1005 , 1011 Carolingian, overview, 432 – 49 Remiremont (monastery), 290 , 294 Carolingian influence on tenth- and eleventh- retables, 1009 – 1012 century movements, 424 – 28 , 446 – 47 Rewley Abbey, 1080 Carthusian efforts at, 1181 – 182 Ríagail Phátraic (Rule of Patrick), 303 Cistercian efforts at, 1177 – 179 Richard I the Lionheart, King of England, 824 Cluniac efforts at, 1179 – 181 Richard Marshal, 911 decrees from Aachen Synods, 438 – 41 Richard of Saint-Vanne, 427 , 612 educational, 452 – 56 Richard of Saint-Victor, 676 , 772 historiography of, 369 – 74 , 599 – 602 , 656 – 59 , Rievaulx (monastery), 841 , 850 , 1033 662 – 63 , 928 Rifreddo (monastery), 832 in Ireland, 310 – 14 , 902 – 7 , 912 – 15 ring- forts, 91 impact on missions, 497 – 98 Robert of Arbrissel, 570 , 572 , 614 , 674 , 682 , in the Late Middle Ages, overview, 1171 – 1190 688 – 89 , 742 , 788 , 801 , 1040 – 1041 , 1046 in late tenth to twelfth century, overview, Robert of Attrabate, 879 599–619, overview, 608 – 15 Robert of Courçon, 1076 lay nobility monastic ties impacted by, Robert of Molesme, 614 , 784 583 – 84 , 591 – 92 Robert of Thourotte, 1064

1212

1213

Index

Robert of Turlande, 689 St. Agnes in Bologna (monastery), 1048 Rochais, Henri, 699 St. Blasien (monastery), 610 , 611 , 851 Rodulphus Glaber, 531 , 642 St. Catherine de O’Conyl (monastery), 907 Roger, Pierre, 1087 St. Cecilia (monastery), 812 Romainmôtier (monastery), 246 – 47 , 250 St. Emmeram (monastery), 534, 995, 1188 Romanus of Condat, 103 , 246 St. Felix (monastery), 903 Romuald of Ravenna (hermit), 613 , 633, 641 , St. Gall (monastery), 962 , 980 685 – 86 , 687 Plan of, 37, 252, 326– 28 , 329f. 16.4, 333 , 396 , Roncesvalles, order, 773 525 – 26 , 545 – 46 , 866 – 67 , 986 – 87 , 988 – 90 Rose, Els, 59 St. George in Prague (monastery), 886 Rosenwein, Barbara, 33 , 385 St. George in Prüfening (monastery), Rubenson, Samuel, 159 10131014f. 54.2 Rudolf of Fulda, 574 – 75 St. Georgen in the Black Forest (monastery), 824 Rudolph of Worms, 1047 St. Godehard in Hildesheim (monastery), Rufinus of Aquileia, 42 , 45 , 64 , 136 , 150 – 51 , 987 – 88 , 992 – 93 168 – 69 , 562 , 699 St. Gregory Armeno (monastery), 403 rules St. Jakob in Mainz (monastery), 1188 fifth- century developments, 167 – 72 , 175 – 76 St. James in Regensburg (monastery), 903 sixth- century developments, 176 – 81 St. John the Baptist in Kirchheim unter Teck seventh- century developments, 181 – 84 (monastery), 1144 – 147 eighth- century developments, 184 – 88 St. John Lateran (house of regular canons), 773 Chalcedon’s impact on, 172 – 74 St. John the Theologian (monastery), 352 , 534 for clerics and regular canons, 767 – 72 St. Katharina (monastery), 813 , 982 – 83 diversity and non- homogeneity of late St. Ludgeri (monastery), 1012 antique, 163 – 67 St. Martin in Cologne (monastery), 903 for female ascetic practice, 100 , 105 , St. Mary in Reno (house of regular canons), 1 7 6– 7 9, 2 6 2– 6 4 773 , 907 as historical sources, 52 – 57 , 188 – 92 , St. Mary and All Saints in Acre (monastery), 1047 387 – 90 , 670 – 72 St. Maximin (monastery), 612 for lay brothers and sisters, 1029 – 1030 St. Nicholas of Exeter (monastery), 908 mass and pastoral care in, 729 – 30 , 737 – 38 St. Pantaleon (monastery), 903 monastic spatial provisions in, 321 , 323 – 24 St. Peter in the Black Forest (monastery), for recluses, 751 , 753 855 , 1176 regula as term, 44 – 45 , 163 St. Peter on the Lauterberg (monastery), 855 relaxations of, 1117 – 119 St. Peter’s Basilica, 529 – 30 for religious laywomen, 1066 St. Philip in Agyrium (monastery), 403 socioeconomic contexts of, in Hispania, St. Ruf of Avignon (house of regular 199 – 206 canons), 772 in southern Italy and Sicily, 405 – 6 St. Stephen in Jerusalem (monastery), 36 Rule of Aachen, 672 , 766 , 768 – 69 , 770 St. Stephen of Strasbourg (monastery), 1068 Rule of St. Benedict, see RB (Rule of St. Benedict) St. Symphorien (monastery), 903 Rule of the Third Order of St. Francis, 1066 St. Taurin at Evreux (monastery), 908 Rulman Merswin, 1060 , 1150 St. Ulrich and Afra (monastery), 995 , 1177 Rupert of Bingen, 965 St. Vincent (monastery), 895 Rupert of Deutz, 572 , 676 , 704 , 710 , 777 , 1075 Saint- André- le- haut in Vienne (monastery), 245 De trinitate, 703 – 4 Saint- Antoine (monastery), 846 Rupertsberg (monastery), 738 – 40 , 745 , 878 , 965 , Saint- Aubin (monastery), 584 1007 , 1019 – 1020 Saint- Bénigne (monastery), 531 – 33 , 532f. 27.4, 610 Rusticula, Abbess of Arles, 272 Saint- Bertin (monastery), 425 – 26 , 860 Ryan, John, 297 Saint- Césaire of Arles (monastery), 842 Saint- Cybard (monastery), 252 Sabas the Sanctified, 19, 67, 81 , 342 – 43 Saint- Denis (monastery), 248 , 445 , 476 , 533 , Sabas the Younger, 635 628 – 29 , 966 , 1005 , 1079 , 1102 Sackur, Ernst, 602 , 653 Saint- Estève (monastery), 244 – 45 sacramental theology, 702 Sainte-Foy in Conques (monastery), 590 Sainsaulieu, Jean, 685 Saint- Germain in Auxerre (monastery), 244 , 534

1213

1214

Index

Saint- Germain- des- Prés (monastery), 475 – 76 characteristics of twelfth-century, Saint- Gilles (monastery), 842 , 843 1157 – 158 , 1160 Saint- Jean in Arles (monastery), 245, 590 decline motif, 1166 – 168 Saint- Laurent of Liège (monastery), 676 as genre, 1155 – 157 Saint- Lupicin (monastery), 246 gluttony motif, 1158 – 160 Saint- Martial of Limoges (monastery), 961 and reform rhetoric, 1168 – 169 Saint- Martin- des- Champs (monastery), 1179 sexual misconduct motif, 1162 – 166 Saint- Maurice d’Agaune (monastery), 37 , 116, worldliness motif, 1160 – 162 181, 244, 248, 292, 293 Sázava (monastery), 896 – 98 Saint- Mont (monastery), 248 – 49 Scandinavia, missions in, 495 – 98 Saint- Ouen (monastery), 877 Scetis (monastery), 77 – 78 Saint- Quentin (monastery), 244 Schaffhausen (monastery), 568 , 851 Saint-Remi in Reims (monastery), 589 Schapiro, Meyer, 998 , 999 Saint- Riquier (monastery), 325 , 327f. 16.3, 420 , Scheyern (monastery), 993 – 95 478 , 531, 539, 732, 991 Schmid, Karl, 861 Saint- Vaast (monastery), 427 – 28 , 480 Schneyer, Johannes B., 719 , 726 Saint- Vanne (monastery), 427 – 28 , 612 scholasticism, 699 , 725 – 26 , 1187 – 188 Saint- Victor of Marseille (monastery), 584 , 589, Schöntal (monastery), 977 , 978 590, 591, 597 , 842 schools, see education ; universities Saint- Victor of Paris (house of regular canons), Schroeder, Caroline, 102 318 , 676 , 772 – 73 , 1075 , 1078 , 1080 Schulpforta (monastery), 1022 Saint-Wandrille , see Fontenelle scriptoria, see book production; libraries Salomea of Berg, 1005 scriptural interpretation, see theology Salomea of Poland, 894 Second Lateran Council (1139), 1075 salt production, 843 – 44 secular canons and canonesses, 766 , 770 , 1043 , Salvian of Cologne/Trier, 103 , 153 , 155 see also regular canons and canonesses San Clemente in Rome (basilica), 1015 Sedlec (monastery), 888 , 889 San Damiano (monastery), 1051 – 1054 seigneurial power, of monasteries, 588 – 92 , San Eufemia in Cozeulos (monastery), 1042 see also nobility, lay San Frediano in Lucca (house of regular Semmler, Josef, 497 – 98 canons), 773 Sempringham (monastery), 569 , 1030 , 1034 , San Giovanni (monastery), 676 1041 – 1042 , see also Gilbertines San Mateo in Ávila (monastery), 1042 Sensi, Mario, 1107 San Salvatore of Goleto (monastery), 410 – 11, 1041 Sentences of Sextus, 151 San Salvatore of Messina (monastery), 412 sequences (liturgical genre), 963 – 64 San Salvatore-San Giulia of Brescia sermonaries, 712 – 13 , see also preaching and (monastery), 290 , 376 sermons San Sisto (monastery), 1048 – 9 Sermones nulli parcentes, 1161 San Vincenzo al Volturno (monastery), 37 , 239, servants 241, 325, 326f. 16.2, 409 , 477 , 478 , 526 – 29 for manual labor, 388 , 472 , 553 – 55 Santa Cruz in Coimbra (house of regular in monastic space, 556 – 57 canons), 773 Settimo (monastery), 1178 Santa Giustina of Padua (monastery and Severinus of Norcia, Life of, 60 congregation), 960 , 1091 , 1128 , 1174 – 175 Seville, Second Council of (619), 199 Santa Maria of Monteluce (monastery), 1051 Sextus, Sentences , 43 Santa Maria of Monticelli (monastery), 1051 sexual misconduct, 907 , 1105 , 1111 – 112 , 1121 – 122 , Santa Maria of Porta Camollia (monastery), 1051 1162 – 166 Santa maria of Gattaiola (monastery), 1051 Sforza family, 1178 Santa Maria of Sao Montevergine Shenoute, 53 , 79 – 80 , 102 , 107 – 8 , 128 – 29 , 562 , 574 (monastery), 1041 Sibculo, abbey and Observant Santa Maria Rotunda in Rome (monastery), 846 congregation, 1178 Santa Maria in Via Lata (monastery), 846 Sicily, see southern Italy and Sicily Santa Sofia (monastery), 410 , 585 Sidonius Apollinaris, 153 Sarabaites, 27, 133– 42 Sieciech, count palatine in Poland, 887 Saragossa, Third Council of (691), 202 Siegburg (monastery), 610 , 611 satire Sigibod, Life of Paulina, 5 7 3

1214

1215

Index

Sigismund of Burgundy, 181 Stinger, Charles, 936 Sigismund of Luxemburg, 1 Stöber, Karen, 1114 silence, 217, 332, 377–8, 546, 774, 780, 913–4, 975, 1030 Stock, Brian, 946 Simeon the Armenian, 638 Stoudios (monastery), 344–5 Simeon the New Theologian, 632 , 642 Stramara, Daniel, 565 Simeon Stylite the Elder, 67 , 84 Strumica (monastery), 354 – 55 , 356 Simeon Stylite the Younger, 67 , 84 Sturmi of Fulda, 476 – 78 , 533 Simeon of Syracuse, 637 stylites, 67 , 84 – 85 Simmons, Loraine, 572 Stout, Geraldine, 910 Simon of Crépy, 596 Strasbourg, women religious in, 1067 , 1070 , Simon le Mercer, 918 1 1 4 7– 1 5 1 Simons, Walter, 1063 Subiaco (monastery), 89, 1175 Simpert, Bishop of Augsburg, 978 Suckale, Robert, 1001 Sithius (monastery), 769 Suetonius, 461 Slavek Veliky, lay magnate of Bohemia, 888 Suger, Abbot of Saint-Denis, 1002 – 1003 , 1005 , 1009 slaves and slavery, 489 – 90 , 553 Sulpicius Severus, 45–6 , 151 – 52 , 243 Slavonic Christianity, 884 , 896 – 97 Dialogues, 151 , 152 , 170 Smaragdus of Saint-Mihiel, 187 , 388 , 424–5, 432, Life of Martin, 44, 60, 151 – 52 444 , 447–8, 452, 455, 460–1, 548 Susteren (monastery), 488 Smith, Julia, 395 Swithun, Bishop of Winchester, 967 Snorri Sturluson, 496 Swithun, saint, 534 Snyder, Parker, 821 – 22 , 823 , 828 Symbatios Pakourianos, 355 Song of Songs, interpretations of, 700 – 1 , 707 – 8 Syon (monastery), 1131 , 1135 Sophia of Hungary, 862 Syria Southern, R.W., 654 , 662 archaeology in, 84 – 85 space, see also landscapes, monastic monastic economy in, 343 cosmological view of monastic, 317 – 21 Syriac texts, 47 – 48 , 56 , 66 – 70 cultural space, as concept, 1142 – 143 Sz őcs, Jenő , 8 8 2– 8 3 environmental considerations in archaeological studies, 396 – 97 Talbot, Charles, 699 as historical source, 678 – 79 Tallaght (monastery), 310–14 interior vs. exterior, 309, 331– 38 , 476 – 78 Tarragona, Council of (516), 198 lay brothers and sisters in monastic, 1032 – 1033 Tarrant, Jacqueline, 1067 liturgy and, 806 – 9 Tatto of Reichenau, 444 spatial organization of monasteries, 321 – 31 , Taylor, Anna, 373 – 74 , 393 525 – 27 , 529 – 30 , 545 – 47 , 555 – 57 Tegernsee (monastery), 984 , 994 , 1175 , 1188 Spain, see Hispania Templars, 800 , 843 , 911 – 12 , 1042 Speculum stultorum, 1157 Tenxwind of Andernach, 1019 Springiersbach (house of regular canons), 772 Teplá (monastery), 887 , 888 Spytihn ěv II, Duke of Bohemia, 896 Tertullian, 214 , 282 Stancliffe, Clare, 152 Ad uxorem, 269 Stanley, John, 1116 Teutonic Knights, 892 , 1042 Stavelot (monastery), 1010 Tetta, Abbess of Wimborne, 272 Stekna, Jan, 1082 Teucinde of Arles, 227 – 28 stemma and stemmatic method, 145 textual communities Stephen II, Pope, 420 as concept, 145 – 46 Stephen I, King of Hungary, 498 , 688 , 886 , 895 , relationships in formation of, 153 – 55 , 156 896 , 897 , 898 Theobald of Provins, 641 Stephen de Fulbourn, 912 Theodemar of Montecassino, 421 Stephen Harding, 784 , 1030 Theodore Studite, 55 , 167 , 345 Stephen of Lexington, 905 , 913 – 15 , 1078 Theodore of Sycheon, 65 Stephen of Muret, 642 , 694–5 Theodore of Tarsus, 46 Stephen of Obazine, 689 , 1041 Theodoret of Cyrus, 66 – 67 , 84 Life of, 576 Theodrade, Abbess of Notre-Dame of Stephen of Tournai, 1075 Soissons, 271 Sti čna (monastery), 889 Theodulf of Orléans, 454

1215

1216

Index

theology impact of, 1088 – 1091 apocalyptic, 703 – 5 monks in, 1077 – 1080 , 1125 – 126 education in, 1084 reform of, 1081 – 1084 experiential approach to, 705 – 8 Unni of Hamburg-Bremen, 496 historiography of, 663 – 65 Urban I, Pope, 770 in liturgy, 964 – 66 Urban II, Pope, 334 monastic theology as concept, 24–6, 28, 32, Pie voluntatis affectus, 770 – 71 171, 187–90, 698– 700 Urban IV, Pope, 1053 – 1054 , 1066 philosophical approach to, 702 – 3 Beata Clara virtute clarens, 1053 Song of Songs interpretations, 700 – 1 Urban V, Pope, 1082 , 1087 theologia as term, 697 urban properties, acquisition of, 845 – 46 Theophanu, Byzantine Empress, 636, 884 urbanization, 478 – 80 Theophilus of Alexandria, 136 – 37 , 138 Ursula, St. and the Eleven Thousand Theophilus (artist monk), 1002 Virgins, 965 Theotokos of Boreine (monastery), 357 Ursula (monastery), 965 Theuderic II, Merovingian King, 182 Ursula Haider, 1131 , 1132 Thierry of Amorbach, 332 Usus Conversorum, 1030 , 1031 Thomas Aquinas, 698 , 1086 Uta Codex, 534 , 536 Thomas de Cantimpré, 741 , 1046 Thomas Gallus, 1078 Vacandard, Elphaege, 653 Thomas Shank, Lillian, 375 Václav (or Wenceslaus) I, King of Bohemia, 887 Thurstan of Caen, 427 Vadstena (monastery), 969 Tilhany (monastery), 896 Valbuena de Duero (monastery), 862 Timios Prodromos (monastery), 358 – 59 Valentin de Massays, 1179 Tinti, Francesca, 511 Valerio, hermit, 195 – 96 Tírechán (bishop), 300 – 1 De genere monachorum, 195 – 96 , 209 tithes, 836 , 837 – 38 , 915 , 1104 , 1113 Valerius Maximus, 461 tombs, 760 , 1016 – 1018 Valladolid (monastery), 1176 Tours, Council of (567), 221 , 322 Vallombrosa (monastery), 1029 transhumance, 843 , see also pastoralism Valmagne (monastery and congregation), 841 treasuries, 976 , 1003 – 1005 Van sunte Maria Magdalena Bekeringhe, Tristernagh (monastery), 916 1057 – 1058 Trithemius, Johannes, 954 Vanderputten, Steven, 659 tropes (liturgical genre), 962 – 63 Varennes (monastery), 593 Trota of Salerno, Practica , 878 Vauchez, André, 1060 Trotula, 878 Venantius Fortunatus, Life of Radegund, 61 Trullo, Council of (692), 750 , 752 Venarde, Bruce, 656 , 1171 Trzebnica (monastery), 893 , 895 Vercelli (clerical community), 235 Tuotilo of St. Gall, 962 vernacular, preaching in, 722 , 1135 Turholt (monastery), 492 Venosa (monastery), 410 Tyniec (monastery), 885 Verhulst, Adriaan, 480 , 483 vernacular, among Anglo-Saxon reformers, 513 – 15 Ua Briain (O’Brien) family, 907 Veszprémvölgy (monastery), 897 Ua Cerbaill, Donnchand, Irish king, 905 Vézelay (monastery), 583, 585 Ua Conchobair (O’Connor) family, 907 Victorianus of Asán, 198 Ua hÁedecáin, Imar, 904 Victricius of Rouen, 220 Ua hAinmire, Máel Ísu, 904 Vienne, Council of (1311/12), 1067 , 1081 Ua Néill, Domhnall, 917 Vigila (scribe), 519–521 Ua Tuathail, Lorcán, see Laurence O’Toole Vikings, 309 , 315 , 480 , 495 , 506 , 535 Ulrich, Count of Württemberg, 1144 , 1145 Vincent of Lérins (or Toul), 141 , 153 Ulrich of Zell, 544, 551–2, 557 , 1033 Virgil, 456 Umiltà of Faenza, 722 Virgin Full of Grace (monastery), 350–1 Unger of Poznań , 884 Virgin Mary, 701 , 707 , 741 – 42 , 895 universities, see also education virginity, 907 , 1111 – 112 , 1121 – 122 , 1162 – 166 , see also courses of study, 1084 – 1088 chastity emergence of, 1074 – 1076 clerical celibacy and, 291 – 92

1216

1217

Index

connection to female asceticism, William Courtenay, Archbishop of 268 – 69 , 290 – 91 Canterbury, 1105 distinguished from widowhood, 220 – 22 William of Fécamp, 720 models of, 98 – 99 , 215 William of Gellone, 584 , 597 Vision of Tnudgal, 905 William FitzRoger, 912 visitation, 787 , 798 , 942 , 1098 – 1101 , 1110 – 111 William of Hirsau, 672 , 703 , 1029 Vital of Mortain (Vital of Savigny), 689 , 1041 William of Jumièges, 673 viticulture, 845 William of Malmesbury, 517 Vivarium (monastery), 90 , 237 , 319 , 320f. 16.1 William Marshal, Earl of Leinster, 914 , 915 Vladislav II, Duke and King of Bohemia, 889 William de Montibus, 743 Vladislav III Jindř ich of Bohemia, 888 William of Occam (Ockham), 1086 Vogüé, Adalbert de, 40 – 41 , 44 , 171 William the Pious, Duke of Aquitaine, 524 , Voigt, Jörg, 1068 580 , 605 Vojt ěch/ Wojciech, Bishop of Prague, 895 William de Rodierd, 918 Volmar of Disibodenberg, 739 William de Ros, 912 Vratislav II, King of Bohemia, 896–7 William of Saint-Thierry, 698 , 707 William II of Thurey, Archbishop of Waddell, Chrysogonus, 719 Lyon, 756 Wagner, Leonhard, Legend and History of the William of Vercelli, 410 , 411 , 1041 Holy Sintbert with Notes Regarding his William of Volpiano, 426–8 , 516 , 531, 610, 637 Body in the Grave, 978 Willibald, Bishop of Eichstätt, 46 Wala of Corbie/Bobbio, 421 , 472 , 474 Willibrord (saint), 487 – 88 , 491 , 492 Walahfrid Strabo, 455 , 460 Wilmart, André, 654 Liber de Exordiis, 445 Wimborne (monastery), 574 – 75 Walcher, Bishop of Durham, 691 Winchcombe (monastery), 1085 Walter Espec, 850 Winchester, New Minster, 539 Walter, Johannes von, 662 wine production, 845 Walter Map, 1163 Winston- Allen, Anne, 1151 warrior class, see nobility, lay Wiprecht of Groitzsch, 852 Watton (monastery), 573 Wipszycka, Ewa, 569 Waulsfort (monastery), 903 Władysław II the Exiled, Duke of Wearmouth- Jarrow (monastery), 502, 530, Poland, 889 691, 975 Wojciech/ Vojt ě ch, missionary bishop, 885 , 895 Weber, Max, 33 , 330 , 793 Wollasch, Joachim, 372 , 603 , 604 , 615 , 657 Weihenstephan (monastery), 976 – 77 , 979 Wolsey, cardinal, 1109 Wendhausen (monastery), 493 wool production, 841 Werden (monastery), 489, 491 Worcester Priory, 1085 , 1087 Westminster (monastery), 870 Wormald, Patrick, 509 Wettin family, 855 Wulfric, recluse, 693 , 753 Wettingen (monastery), 985 Wulfstan II, Bishop of Worcester, 517 , 691 Wezelin, provost of St. Andrew’s, Cologne, 739 Wyclif, John, 1086 , 1088 , 1134 , 1168 – 169 Whitby (monastery), 570 White Monastery, 79 – 80 , 574 Yardley, Anne, 968 Wibald of Stavelot, 1010 Yrieix (Aredius), Life of, 2 1 9– 2 0 Wiblingen (monastery), 1177 Ysengrimus, 1157 , 1161 widows and widowhood, 99 , 148 , 215 , 216 , Yves of Chartres, 777 217 – 18 , 220 – 22 , 224–6, 551 Yvette of Huy, 761 Wienhausen (monastery), 814 William Alnwick, Bishop of Lincoln, 1114 Zachary I, Pope, 46 William of Auvergne, 1046 Zähringen family, 855 William de Burgh, 915 Zettler, Alfons, 328 William of Canterbury, 879 Zlatá Koruna (monastery), 891 William of Champeaux, 676 , 704 , 706 – 7 Zselicszentjakab (monastery), 888 – 89 William the Conqueror, 691 Zwiefalten (monastery), 575 , 851, 1005, 1033

1217