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The Antiphonary of Bangor and Its Musical Implications
The Antiphonary of Bangor and its Musical Implications by Helen Patterson A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Music University of Toronto © Copyright by Helen Patterson 2013 The Antiphonary of Bangor and its Musical Implications Helen Patterson Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Music University of Toronto 2013 Abstract This dissertation examines the hymns of the Antiphonary of Bangor (AB) (Antiphonarium Benchorense, Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana C. 5 inf.) and considers its musical implications in medieval Ireland. Neither an antiphonary in the true sense, with chants and verses for the Office, nor a book with the complete texts for the liturgy, the AB is a unique Irish manuscript. Dated from the late seventh-century, the AB is a collection of Latin hymns, prayers and texts attributed to the monastic community of Bangor in Northern Ireland. Given the scarcity of information pertaining to music in early Ireland, the AB is invaluable for its literary insights. Studied by liturgical, medieval, and Celtic scholars, and acknowledged as one of the few surviving sources of the Irish church, the manuscript reflects the influence of the wider Christian world. The hymns in particular show that this form of poetical expression was significant in early Christian Ireland and have made a contribution to the corpus of Latin literature. Prompted by an earlier hypothesis that the AB was a type of choirbook, the chapters move from these texts to consider the monastery of Bangor and the cultural context from which the manuscript emerges. As the Irish peregrini are known to have had an impact on the continent, and the AB was recovered in ii Bobbio, Italy, it is important to recognize the hymns not only in terms of monastic development, but what they reveal about music. -
2020-11-01 Gregorian Chant, Preliminary
All Souls’ Day (Transferred from November 2) Sunday, November 1, 2020, 5:00 p.m. ALL SOULS’ DAY/ALL SOULS’ REQUIEM The tradition of observing November 2 as a day of commemoration began in the tenth century as a complement to All Saints’ Day, November 1. The traditional service of remembering the dead — whether on this day or during an actual funeral — is called a Requiem, the first word of the Latin text, meaning “rest.” The solemnity of the liturgy and the beauty of the music help us to mourn with hope. Thus we are encouraged to trust ever more in God’s gift of eternal life through the death and resurrection of our Lord Jesus Christ. THE GREGORIAN CHANT REQUIEM The oldest musical setting of the Requiem is the version in Gregorian Chant (plainsong, melody only, no harmony). Created sometime in the first millennium A.D., it does have one “new” movement, the Dies irae, dating from no later than the 1200s. The Dies irae melody has been quoted in non-Requiem music by Hector Berlioz, Franz Liszt, Sergei Rachmaninoff, and Camille Saint-Saëns, among others. Some composers of Requiem settings have omitted the Dies irae text, either because of its length or because of its expression of fear, guilt, and judgment. Regarding the latter issue, Jesus, his apostles, and his Hebrew prophets do indeed declare a day of reckoning, and fear is a legitimate human feeling, expressed in the Psalms and in the Prophets. However, God’s grace can ease our fear, and — through the Holy Spirit’s ministry — can offset it by giving us confidence in Christ’s merit rather than our own. -
Introitus: the Entrance Chant of the Mass in the Roman Rite
Introitus: The Entrance Chant of the mass in the Roman Rite The Introit (introitus in Latin) is the proper chant which begins the Roman rite Mass. There is a unique introit with its own proper text for each Sunday and feast day of the Roman liturgy. The introit is essentially an antiphon or refrain sung by a choir, with psalm verses sung by one or more cantors or by the entire choir. Like all Gregorian chant, the introit is in Latin, sung in unison, and with texts from the Bible, predominantly from the Psalter. The introits are found in the chant book with all the Mass propers, the Graduale Romanum, which was published in 1974 for the liturgy as reformed by the Second Vatican Council. (Nearly all the introit chants are in the same place as before the reform.) Some other chant genres (e.g. the gradual) are formulaic, but the introits are not. Rather, each introit antiphon is a very unique composition with its own character. Tradition has claimed that Pope St. Gregory the Great (d.604) ordered and arranged all the chant propers, and Gregorian chant takes its very name from the great pope. But it seems likely that the proper antiphons including the introit were selected and set a bit later in the seventh century under one of Gregory’s successors. They were sung for papal liturgies by the pope’s choir, which consisted of deacons and choirboys. The melodies then spread from Rome northward throughout Europe by musical missionaries who knew all the melodies for the entire church year by heart. -
SACRED MUSIC Fall 2003 Volume 130 No.3
SACRED MUSIC Fall 2003 Volume 130 No.3 - ...... ~ . _0- -~'f'. ........ --. -, -. -~- . Aerial View. St. Peter's and Piazza, Rome Renaissance-Baroque. 1506-1668. Chief Architects: Bramante, Michelangelo, Maderna, Bernini SACRED MUSIC Volume 130, Number 3, Fall 2003 FROM THE EDITOR 3 THE CHANTS OF THE PROPRIUM MISSAE versus ALIUS CANTUS APTUS 5 Professor Laszlo Dobszay REVIEWS 27 OPEN FORUM 28 NEWS 28 CONTRIBUTORS 32 SACRED MUSIC Continuation of Caecilia, published by the Society of St. Caecilia since 1874, and The Catholic Choirmaster, published by the Society of St. Gregory of America since 1915. Published quarterly by the Church Music Association of America. Office of Publication: 134 Christendom Drive, Front Royal, VA 22630-5103. E-mail: [email protected] Editorial Assistant: Christine Collins News: Kurt Poterack Music for Review: Calvert Shenk, Sacred Heart Major Seminary, 2701 West Chicago Blvd., Detroit, MI 48206 Susan Treacy, Dept. of Music, Franciscan University, Steubenville, OH 43952-6701 Membership, Circulation and Advertising: P.O. Box 960, Front Royal, VA 22630 CHURCH MUSIC ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA Officers and Board of Directors President Father Robert Skeris Vice- President Father Robert Pasley General Secretary Rosemary Reninger Treasurer Vincent Sly Directors Rev. Ralph S. March, S.O. Cist. Kurt Poterack Father Robert Pasley Paul F. Salumunovich Rosemary Reninger Brian Franck Rev. Robert A. Skeris Calvert Shenk Susan Treacy Ralph Stewart Monsignor Richard Schuler Vincent Sly Stephen Becker Membership in the Church Music Association of America includes a subscription to SACRED MUSIC. Membership is $30.00 annually; student membership is $15.00 annually. Single copies are $7.50. Send applications and changes of address to SACRED MUSIC, P.O. -
Gregorian Chant, a Textbook for Seminaries, Novitiates And
^» «»»» * » » » 3 » Please handle this volume with care. The University of Connecticut Libraries, Storrs Music MT K6 C-7 MUSIC LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT §TQRRS, CONNECTICUT MUSIC LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT 8T0RRS, CONNECTICUT Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2013 http://archive.org/details/gregorianchantteOOklar GREGORIAN CHANT GREGORIAN CHANT A TEXTBOOK FOR SEMINARIES, NOVITIATES AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS MUSIC LIBRARY CUI ONWER^OFCON CONHECTICUIS STORRS. by REV. ANDREW F. KLARMANN Teacher of Music Cathedral College, Brooklyn, N. Y. Published by GREGORIAN INSTITUTE OF AMERICA TOLEDO, OHIO Imprimatur *MOST REV. THOMAS E. MOLLOY, S.T.D. ~* Bishop of Brooklyn * i Nihil Obstat REV. JOHN F. DONOVAN^ Censor Ltbrorum JANUARY 27, 1945 Desclee and Company of Tournai, Belgium, has granted permission to the author to use the rhythmic marks in this textbook. Copyright, 1945, by Gregorian Institute printed in u.s.a. all rights reserved Dedicated to MOST REVEREND THOMAS E. MOLLOY Bishop of Brooklyn FOREWORD In the following pages Father Klarmann presents a clear, orderly, systematic treatment of liturgical chant. At the very beginning of his treatise he provides an explanation of certain fundamental terms, such as notation, signs, rhythm, chant structure, etc., which is very serviceable in preparing the reader for the fuller development of the general theme in the sub- sequent chapters of this book. With the same thought and purpose the author more particu- larly gives an early definition of the chief subject of discussion, namely, chant, which he defines, in the usually accepted sense, as liturgical music in the form of plain song, which is monophonic, unaccompanied and free in rhythm. -
Plainchant Tradition*
Some Observations on the "Germanic" Plainchant Tradition* By Alexander Blachly Anyone examining the various notational systems according to which medieval scribes committed the plainchant repertory to written form must be impressed both by the obvious relatedness of the systems and by their differences. There are three main categories: the neumatic notations from the ninth, tenth, and eleventh centuries (written without a staff and incapable, therefore, of indicating precise pitches);1 the quadratic nota tion in use in Italy, Spain, France, and England-the "Romanic" lands from the twelfth century on (this is the "traditional" plainchant notation, written usually on a four-line staff and found also in most twentieth century printed books, e.g., Liber usualis, Antiphonale monasticum, Graduale Romanum); and the several types of Germanic notation that use a staff but retain many of the features of their neumatic ancestors. The second and third categories descended from the first. The staffless neumatic notations that transmit the Gregorian repertory in ninth-, tenth-, and eleventh-century sources, though unlike one another in some important respects, have long been recognized as transmitting the same corpus of melodies. Indeed, the high degree of concordance between manuscripts that are widely separated by time and place is one of the most remarkable aspects the plainchant tradition. As the oldest method of notating chant we know,2 neumatic notation compels detailed study; and the degree to which the neumatic manuscripts agree not only • I would like to thank Kenneth Levy, Alejandro Plan chart, and Norman Smith for reading this article prior to publication and for making useful suggestions for its improve ment. -
In Latin and English
THE HOLY MASS OF THE SECOND VATICAN COUNCIL in Latin and English for the Solemn Celebration of the Ordinary Form of the Roman Rite at St. John the Beloved Catholic Church in McLean, Virginia “Particular law remaining in force, the use of the Latin language is to be preserved in the Latin rites.” (Vatican II, Sacrosanctum Concilium, n. 36) “Steps should be taken so that the faithful may also be able to say or to sing together in Latin those parts of the Ordinary of the Mass which pertain to them.” (Vatican II, Sacrosanctum Concilium, n. 50) “Pastors of souls should take care that besides the vernacular ‘the faith- ful may also be able to say or sing together in Latin those parts of the Ordinary of the Mass which pertain to them.”’ (Sacred Congregation of Rites, Musicam sacram (1967), n. 47) “The Roman Church has special obligations towards Latin, the splen- did language of ancient Rome, and she must manifest them whenever the occasion presents itself.” (John Paul II, Dominicae cenae (1980), n. 10) “Mass is celebrated either in Latin or in another language, provided that liturgical texts are used which have been approved according to the norm of law. Except in the case of celebrations of the Mass that are scheduled by the ecclesiastical authorities to take place in the language of the people, Priests are always and everywhere permitted to celebrate Mass in Latin.” (Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, Redemptionis Sacramentum (2004), n. 112) “I ask that future priests, from their time in the seminary, receive the preparation needed to understand and to celebrate Mass in Latin, and also to use Latin texts and execute Gregorian chant; nor should we for- get that the faithful can be taught to recite the more common prayers in Latin, and also to sing parts of the liturgy to Gregorian chant.” (Bene- dict XVI, Sacramentum caritatis (2007), n. -
Karolingische Klöster Materiale Textkulturen
Karolingische Klöster Materiale Textkulturen Schriftenreihe des Sonderforschungsbereichs 933 Herausgegeben von Ludger Lieb Wissenschaftlicher Beirat: Jan Christian Gertz, Markus Hilgert, Bernd Schneidmüller, Melanie Trede und Christian Witschel Band 4 Karolingische Klöster Wissenstransfer und kulturelle Innovation Herausgegeben von Julia Becker, Tino Licht und Stefan Weinfurter DE GRUYTER ISBN 978-3-11-037123-9 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-037122-2 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-038614-1 ISSN 2198-6932 Dieses Werk ist lizenziert unter der Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 Lizenz. Weitere Informationen finden Sie unter http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-nd/3.0/. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.dnb.de abrufbar. © 2015 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/München/Boston Einbandabbildung: Ausschnitt aus Gregor von Tours, Decem libri historiarum, Heidelberg, Universitätsbibliothek, Pal. lat. 864, fol. 26v (Lorsch, ausgehendes 8. Jahrhundert) Druck und Bindung: Hubert & Co. GmbH & Co. KG, Göttingen ♾ Gedruckt auf säurefreiem Papier Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com Vorwort Mit der Auflösung des weströmischen Reiches zerfiel im 5./6. Jahrhundert auch die Einheit des lateinischen Kulturraums. Wechselnde Herrschaftsbildungen auf dem Boden des ehemaligen Imperium Romanum führten zu einer Segmentierung, deren Auswirkungen bis in die Buchkultur hinein erkennbar sind. Politisch und kulturell wurde dieser Prozess erst in karolingischer Zeit aufgefangen und umgekehrt. Man versuchte, auch in den Wissenschaftsdisziplinen an die Verhältnisse vor dem Zusam- menbruch des Imperiums anzuknüpfen. -
The Origins of the Musical Staff
The Origins of the Musical Staff John Haines For Michel Huglo, master and friend Who can blame music historians for frequently claiming that Guido of Arezzo invented the musical staff? Given the medieval period’s unma- nageable length, it must often be reduced to as streamlined a shape as possible, with some select significant heroes along the way to push ahead the plot of musical progress: Gregory invented chant; the trouba- dours, vernacular song; Leoninus and Perotinus, polyphony; Franco of Cologne, measured notation. And Guido invented the staff. To be sure, not all historians put it quite this way. Some, such as Richard Hoppin, write more cautiously that “the completion of the four-line staff ...is generally credited to Guido d’Arezzo,”1 or, in the words of the New Grove Dictionary of Music, that Guido “is remembered today for his development of a system of precise pitch notation through lines and spaces.”2 Such occasional caution aside, however, the legend of Guido as inventor of the staff abides and pervades. In his Notation of Polyphonic Music, Willi Apel writes of “the staff, that ingenious invention of Guido of Arezzo.”3 As Claude Palisca puts it in his biography of Guido, it was that medieval Italian music writer’s prologue to his antiphoner around 1030 that contained one of the “brilliant proposals that launched the Guido legend, the device of staff notation.”4 “Guido’s introduction of a system of four lines and four spaces” is, in Paul Henry Lang’s widely read history, an “achievement” deemed “one of the most significant in -
Textbook of Gregorian Chant
TEXT BOOK OF GREGORIAN CHANT ACCORDING TO THE SOLESMES METHOD BY Dom Gregory SUNOL, 0. S. B., Monk of Montserrat TRANSLATED FROM THE SIXTH FRENCH EDITION WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY G. M. DURNFORD OBLATE OF SOLESHES. SOCIETY OF ST JOHN EVANGELIST D£SCLEE & Co Printers to the Holy See and the Sacred Coogr. of Rites TOURNAI (Belgium) PREFACE. Few words are necessary to introduce the present work to English speaking students of plainsong. Such a handbook has long been needed and is sure of its welcome. Neither the well- known Stanbrook Grammar of Plainsong nor Madame Ward's valuable school courses cover so much ground as Dom Gregory Suflol in his Spanish " Metodo ". The book first appeared in 1905, prefaced by a commendatory letter from Dom Andre Mocquereau, the famous director of the Solesmes School. Its author has many years of teaching experience behind him, as well as sound theoret- ical knowledge of his subject. His work has proved its popu- larity and practical usefulness by going through a number of editions in the original Spanish, besides being translated into French and German. Indeed by compressing the Solesmes teach- ing within the narrow limits of a general text book Dom Sufiol has rendered good service to the Gregorian cause. Not everyone has access to the monumental publications of Solesmes, the Mono- graphies gregoriennes or the Paleographie Musicale> and countless students will be glad to find the subject matter of this latter Work, especially the important seventh volume on Gregorian Rhythm, here summed up and analysed, while the extensive quotations from Dom Mocquereau's Nombre Musical gregorien, with which the Spanish author has enriched his later editions, will make them desirous of seeing this fascinating synthesis of the whole subject brought out in English. -
Memory, Music, Epistemology, and the Emergence of Gregorian Chant As Corporate Knowledge
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 12-2012 "Sing to the Lord a new song": Memory, Music, Epistemology, and the Emergence of Gregorian Chant as Corporate Knowledge Jordan Timothy Ray Baker [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Part of the Epistemology Commons, Medieval Studies Commons, and the Musicology Commons Recommended Citation Baker, Jordan Timothy Ray, ""Sing to the Lord a new song": Memory, Music, Epistemology, and the Emergence of Gregorian Chant as Corporate Knowledge. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2012. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/1360 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Jordan Timothy Ray Baker entitled ""Sing to the Lord a new song": Memory, Music, Epistemology, and the Emergence of Gregorian Chant as Corporate Knowledge." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Master of Music, with a major in Music. Rachel M. Golden, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: -
New Oxford History of Music Volume Ii
NEW OXFORD HISTORY OF MUSIC VOLUME II EDITORIAL BOARD J. A. WESTRUP (Chairman) GERALD ABRAHAM (Secretary) EDWARD J. DENT DOM ANSELM'HUGHES BOON WELLESZ THE VOLUMES OF THE NEW OXFORD HISTORY OF MUSIC I. Ancient and Oriental Music ii. Early Medieval Music up to 1300 in. Ars Nova and the Renaissance (c. 1300-1540) iv. The Age of Humanism (1540-1630) v. Opera and Church Music (1630-1750) vi. The Growth of Instrumental Music (1630-1750) vn. The Symphonic Outlook (1745-1790) VIIL The Age of Beethoven (1790-1830) ix. Romanticism (1830-1890) x. Modern Music (1890-1950) XL Chronological Tables and General Index ' - - SACRED AND PROFANE MUSIC (St. John's College, MS. B. Cambridge, 18.) Twelfth century EARLY MEDIEVAL MUSIC UP TO BOO EDITED BY DOM ANSELM HUGHES GEOFFREY CUMBERLEGE OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON NEWYORK TORONTO 1954 Oxford University Press, Amen House, London E.C.4 GLASGOW NEW YORK TORONTO MELBOURNE WELLINGTON BOMBAY CALCUTTA MADRAS KARACHI CAPE TOWN IBADAN Geoffrey Cumberlege, Publisher to the University PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN GENERAL INTRODUCTION THE present work is designed to replace the Oxford History of Music, first published in six volumes under the general editorship of Sir Henry Hadow between 1901 and 1905. Five authors contributed to that ambitious publication the first of its kind to appear in English. The first two volumes, dealing with the Middle Ages and the sixteenth century, were the work of H. E. Wooldridge. In the third Sir Hubert Parry examined the music of the seventeenth century. The fourth, by J. A. Fuller-Maitland, was devoted to the age of Bach and Handel; the fifth, by Hadow himself, to the period bounded by C.