Art & History of Vienna Markus Friedl (HEPHY Vienna) Outline
History Architecture Museums Music Eat & Drink
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 2 Outline
History Architecture Museums Music Eat & Drink
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 3 "It all started with a big bang…"
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 4 Prehistoric Vienna
. Sporadic archeological finds from Paleolithic age . Evidence of continuous settlements from Neolithic age (~5000 BC)
Venus of Willendorf (~27500 BC, Naturhistorisches Museum)
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 5 Vindobona: The Roman Fortress
. Founded ~20 AD (after today‘s Austria was conquered) . "Standard" layout Roman military camp (castrum) surrounded by civilian city . Several excavation sites and archeological finds
Reconstruction of Vindobona
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 6 Roman Excavations in Vienna (1)
Roman floor heating (Excavations in Römermuseum, Hoher Markt)
Roman stones from the thermae (Sterngasse/Herzlstiege)
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 7 Roman Excavations in Vienna (2)
Roman and medieval houses (Michaelerplatz)
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 8 Location of the Roman Fortress (1)
. Upper edge was washed away by a flood in 3rd century
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 9 Location of the Roman Fortress (2)
Street called "Tiefer Danube Graben" canal (deep moat) Rotenturm- strasse
Place called "Graben" (moat) St. Stephen‘s Cathedral Tiefer Graben(modern city center)
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 10 The First Vienna Conference…
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 11 The Dark Ages
. A period of heavy migration eventually led to the collapse of the (Western) Roman empire in 476 . Little historical evidence for centuries
East Germanic Fibulae (~410AD, Kunsthistorisches Museum)
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 12 The Holy Roman Empire (10c-1806)
. Based on the Frank ruler Charlemagne (747?-814) . Territory divided among his heirs into what later became France, Italy and the Holy Roman Empire (Germany)
Imperial Crown (10c, KHM Treasury)
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 13 House of Babenberg
. Rulers of Austria from 976 – 1246 . “Ostarrichi” (literally: eastern borderland) first mentioned in 996, a part of Bavaria until 1156 . Late Babenberg coat of arms (1230) became flag of Austria
Leopold III (Saint Leopold) (Klosterneuburg Monastery)
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 14 Habsburg Dynasty: The Beginnings
. Originating from Switzerland (the "Habsburg" castle is close to the PSI), but kicked out . In 1273, Rudolf I became king of the Holy Roman Empire . Rudolf IV foundedVienna University in 1365 . From 1438 on, all emperors of the Holy Roman Empire were from Habsburg Dynasty . Increasing territory (Burgundy, Spain, Bohemia, Croatia, Hungary) Rudolf IV in 15c (~1360, Dommuseum)
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 15 Late Medieval Vienna (1)
Anonymous: Flight into Egypt, (~1470, Museum Schottenstift)
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 16 Late Medieval Vienna (2)
Hartmann Schedel: World Chronicle (1493)
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 17 Vienna Under Attack
. Ottoman empire was a long-time threat from south-east . Vienna was twice sieged (1529 & 1683), but never conquered
Georg Kolschitzky
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 18 Vienna Gets Fortified
1609
. Construction started in 1548 after the first Ottoman siege . City walls with bastions, a moat and glacis (free space) . In place until 1858
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 19 Habsburg Dynasty: The New Age
. Spain split off in 16c . Arts blooming in 18c (baroque architecture & classical music) . Maria Theresia ruled from 1740-1780 and is widely regarded as "mother of Austria" . Napoleon led to the termination of the Holy Roman Empire (1806) . Franz II founded the Austrian Empire (1804)
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 20 Habsburg Dynasty: The 19th Century
. Franz Joseph ( Sisi) became the (second) last emperor (1848-1916) of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy . Vienna became a center of intellectual and artistic life . Cosmopolitan city: population exceeded 2 Million around 1900 (today: 1.9 M) . However, no luck in military matters . Eventually leading to WW I and the end of the empire
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 21 20th Century
. The first half of the 20th century was coined with tragedies: WW I, economical crisis, fascism, WW II . After WW I, the size of Austria shrank considerably . Independence and stable parliamentary system from 1955
Figl shows independence treaty
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 22 Neutrality
. Austria declared permanent neutrality in 1955 . This attracted many international organizations such as UN, IAEA, OPEC, OSCE and others . In 1995, Austria joined the EU (Schengen area since 1997) . Euro currency since 2002
UN OPEC
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 23 History Summary – Timeline
Ottoman Franz Joseph Roman Rudolf IV Sieges & Sisi Vindobona Habsburg Independence & Neutrality Maria Theresia Big Bang Migration Austrian Charlemagne Empire WW EU
-14b 0 500 1000 1500 1700 1800 1900 2000
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 24 In Case You Are Bored with History…
Source: www.xkcd.com/356 Answer: www.mathpages.com/home/kmath668/kmath668.htm
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 25 Outline
History Architecture Museums Music Eat & Drink
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 26 Timeline of Art History
Paleolithic Neolithic Romans Movement Dark Ages
-30000 -20000 -10000 -5000 0 400 600 800 1000
Romanesque Gothic Renaissance Baroque Class Histo J icism ricism Modernism 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
. J…Jugendstil (Art Noveau) . Note: Periods are valid for Vienna, not necessarily elsewhere (e.g. Renaissance started much earlier in Italy)
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 27 Romanesque
1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
St. Rupert‘s church (construction started in early 12c)
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 28 Romanesque
1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
West facade (1230-1245) of St. Stephen‘s cathedral (rest: gothic)
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 29 Gothic
1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
Other parts (1304-1515) of St. Stephen‘s cathedral
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 30 Gothic
1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
Gothic chapel (15c) in the Hofburg palace
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 31 Renaissance
1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
Schweizertor (Swiss gate; 1553) of the Hofburg palace
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 32 Renaissance
1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
Source: www.xkcd.com/729
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 33 Baroque
1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
Schönbrunn (imperial) palace (1696-1701; Fischer von Erlach)
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 34 Baroque
1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
St. Charles‘s church (1716-37; Fischer von Erlach)
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 35 Baroque
1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
Coppola fresco: Angel burns the heretic texts of Martin Luther
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 36 Baroque
1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
Belvedere palace (1721-23; Lucas Hildebrandt)
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 37 Baroque
1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
Library (1722-30; Fischer von Erlach) of the Hofburg palace
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 38 Baroque
1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
Academy of Sciences (1753-1755), formerly University ofVienna
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 39 Class icism 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
„Kuppelsaal“: site of the classical concert Wednesday evening! Main building of the University ofTechnology Vienna (1816-1820)
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 40 TU Alumni
Christian Doppler Johann Strauss jun. Viktor Kaplan (1803-1853), (1825-1899), (1876-1934), Doppler effect composer Kaplan turbine
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 41 Class icism 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
Theseus temple (1819-1823; in the garden of Hofburg palace)
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 42 Class icism 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
Heldentor („heroes‘ gate“; 1821-1824; part of Hofburg palace)
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 43 Class icism 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
Stadttempel (Vienna synagogue; 1825-1826)
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 44 Class icism 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
Source: www.xkcd.com/1780
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 45 Histo ricism 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
Site of the conference dinner on Thursday!
Palais Ferstel (1856-1860; Heinrich von Ferstel)
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 46 Histo ricism 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
Votive Church (1856-1879; Heinrich von Ferstel)
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 47 Histo ricism 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
State Opera (1863-1869; Siccardsburg and van der Nüll)
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 48 Histo ricism 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
City Hall (1872-1883; Friedrich Schmidt)
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 49 Histo ricism 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
Parliament (1874-1883; Theophil Hansen)
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 50 Histo ricism 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
University ofVienna (1877-1884; Heinrich von Ferstel)
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 51 University Alumni (1)
Ludwig Boltzmann Lise Meitner Erwin Schrödinger (1844-1906), (1878-1968), (1887-1961), thermodynamics radioactivity quantum mechanics
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 52 University Alumni (2)
Ulrich Zwingli Sigmund Freud Friedrich August von (1484-1531), (1856-1939), Hayek (1899-1992), reformation psychoanalysis economist
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 53 What‘s on a Man‘s Mind?
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 54 J
1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
Secession building (1897-1898; Joseph Maria Olbrich)
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 55 J
1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
Majolica house (1898; Otto Wagner)
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 56 J
1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
Local train station Karlsplatz (1899; Otto Wagner)
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 57 Modernism 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
Loos house (1909; Adolf Loos)
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 58 Modernism 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
Karl-Marx-Hof (1927-1930) – longest (>1km) residential building
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 59 Modernism 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
Hundertwasser house (1983-1985; Friedensreich Hundertwasser)
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 60 Modernism 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
T-Center (2002-2004; Günther Domenig)
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 61 Modernism 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
Source: https://steemit.com/meme/@kksafak/join-the-resistance Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 62 Roman (1) Römermusem Map Overview (24) (2) Michaelerplatz Romanesque (3) St. Rupert‘s church Gothic (4) St. Stephen‘s cathedral (5) Hofburg chapel (16) Renaissance (5) Schweizertor Baroque (20) (6) Schönbrunn palace (7) St. Charles‘s church (3) (8) Belvedere palace (14) (9) Hofburg library (18) (1) (15) (10) Academy of Sciences Classicism (11) TU main building (10) (4) (12) (12) Theseus temple (19) (2) (25) (13) Heldentor (14) Synagogue (5) (9) Historicism (15) Palais Ferstel (13) (16) Votive Church (26) (17) State Opera (18) City Hall (17) (19) Parliament (20) University Jugendstil (21) Secession building (21) (22) Majolica house (23) (23) Karlsplatz station Modernism (11) (2) Loos house (7) (24) Karl-Marx-Hof (22) (6) (8) (25) Hundertwasser house Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 (26) T-Center 63 Outline
History Architecture Museums Music Eat & Drink
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 64 Kunsthistorisches Museum (KHM; Fine Arts)
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 65 KHM Exhibits (1)
Pieter Breughel the Elder: Tower of Babel (1563)
Raphael: Madonna of the Meadow (1505)
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 66 KHM Exhibits (2)
Rubens: Helene David Teniers theYounger: Archduke Leopold Fourment (1635) Wilhelm in his Gallery in Brussels (1651) Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 67 KHM Exhibits (3)
Ahrodite & Eros (1c BC) Imperial Crown (10c, Treasury)
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 68 (Upper) Belvedere
Gustav Klimt: The Kiss (1907/8) Egon Schiele: The Family (1918)
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 69 The Kiss – Reinterpreted
Sculpture seen in Music Video: 70 Million by Hold Your Horses Malaga (Spain) (Source: Youtube)
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 70 Wien Museum
Gustav Klimt: Emilie Flöge (1902)
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 71 Zentralfriedhof (Central Cemetary)
Burial site of ~3 million people (more than present population)
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 72 Outline
History Architecture Museums Music Eat & Drink
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 73 Wiener Klassik (First Viennese School)
Joseph Haydn Wolfgang Ludwig van (1732-1809) Amadeus Mozart Beethoven (1756-1791) (1770-1827)
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 74 19th Century
Franz Schubert Johann Strauss jun. Johannes Brahms Gustav Mahler (1797-1828) (1825-1899) (1833-1897) (1860-1911)
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 75 20th Century: Second Viennese School
Arnold Schönberg Anton Webern Alban Berg (1874-1951) (1883-1945) (1885-1935)
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 76 Silence
Source: www.xkcd.com/1199
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 77 State Opera
World-class performances (almost) every evening Hosts Vienna Opera Ball once a year Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 78 Musikverein
Home of the Vienna Philarmonic Orchestra Location of the Vienna New Year‘s Concert Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 79 Konzerthaus
Home of the Vienna Symphony Orchestra Wider range of performances including contemporary music Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 80 Map Overview Museums (1) Kunsthistorisches Museum (KHM) (2) KHM Treasury (3) Belvedere (4) Wien Museum (5) Central Cemetary
Music (6) State Opera (7) Musikverein (8) Konzerthaus
(2)
(5) (1) (6)
(7) (8)
(4)
(3) Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 81 Outline
History Architecture Museums Music Eat & Drink
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 82 Wiener Schnitzel
Veal (or pork or chicken) cutlet in crispy breamcrumbs
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 83 Other Main Courses
Goulash (originally from Hungary) Tafelspitz (boiled beef)
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 84 Desserts (1)
Palatschinken (pancakes) Kaiserschmarrn
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 85 Desserts (2)
Apfelstrudel (Apple strudel) Topfenstrudel
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 86 Maslow‘s Hierarchy of Needs
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 87 Kaffeehaus (Viennese Café)
Typical Kaffeehaus Coffee is always served with water
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 88 Peter Altenberg in Cafe Central
1907 2019
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 89 Heuriger (Wine Tavern)
Wine farmers sell their own products in a rather simple tavern
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 90 Young & Modern Lifestyle
For example: New bars under the U6 rail tracks at Gürtel, previously neglected area (and red-light district) Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 91 Q&A 1: What Is Shown On The Poster?
. Left: Urania (public educational institute), 1910 (historicism) . Right: Uniqa (insurance company) Tower, 2004 (modernism) . Located on the NE corner of the city center, where Wien River (from left) meets Danube Canal
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 92 Q&A 2: What Does “Gusshausstraße“ Mean?
. Address of the conference venue: Casting House Street . Neighboring building: 1750 opened as cannon casting factory (until 1850) 1861 transformed into artist‘s workshop 1903 re-built into (old) Electrical Engineers building of TU
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 93 Thank you for your attention.
Markus Friedl: Art & History of Vienna 18 February 2019 94