Evaluation of Bonda Development Agency, Mudulipada in Malkangiri District
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EVALUATION OF BONDA DEVELOPMENT AGENCY MUDULIPADA, MALKANGIRI DISTRICT Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Research & Training Institute (SCSTRTI), Bhubaneswar 2019 [i] EVALUATION OF BONDA DEVELOPMENT AGENCY, MUDULIPADA IN MALKANGIRI DISTRICT Professor (Dr.) A. B. Ota, I.A.S. (Chief Editor) Consultant - Dr. K. Anuradha SCHEDULED CASTES & SCHEDULED TRIBES RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE (SCSTRTI) CRPF Square, Bhubaneswar - 751 003 [ii] Research Support Team Smt Arati Malla Dr. Mihir Kumar Jena Ms. Sukruti Sarangi Ms. Sweta Mishra Research Team Research Assistant Abhimanyu Ragadi Ramakrishna Kisku Data Analyst Anuradha Behera [iii] ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS For extending guidance Prof. (Dr.) A.B Ota Smt. Arati Malla Dr. Mihir Kumar Jena Smt Sukruti Sarangi Dr. Sweta Misra For extending research/library support – SCSTRTI Library, COATS Library Koraput. For field Support All the Particularly vulnerable Tribal Groups of Mudulipada, Andrahal, Baddural and Rasabeda Gram Panchayat. Lower Bonda respondents of Govindpally, Khairput, Rasabeda and Kadamguda Gram Panchayats District Collector and Magistrate, Malkangiri. District officials of Malkangiri, Block officils Project Authorities and Officials of Tribal Development Projects of ITDA Malkangiri and Bonda Development Agency, Mudulipada PRIs and PRI members of Mudulipada, Baddural, Rasabeda and Andrahal For extending Ancillary Support Bidyut Mohanty, SPREAD, Koraput Dusmant Padhi, Malkangiri, Ajay Behera, Koraput Rajendra Palais, Palkabeda Guru Kirsani, Dantipada Khairput Sania Sisa, Andrahal, Khairput and Sania of Tagabeda. Sukhuram Gadanga, Sonu Tentulipadia, Padmanabh Khilo, Arjun, Dhanesh of Machhkund Rama of Kadamguda, Padman and Jalandhar of Khairput. [iv] CONTENTS Contents Pages Executive Summary XII Chapter 1 01-05 Tribal Scenario in the Country and in the state of Odisha – An Overview Introduction 1.1 Definition of Tribe 2. Tribal Development: 2.1 The colonial regime: 2.2 In independent India: 2.3 Approaches to Tribal Development. 2.4 The first Five-year plan 2.5 The Tribal Sub plan (TSP) Approach. 2.6 Panchayat Extension to Scheduled Area Act 3.0 Expert Committees and Commissions on tribal Development. 4.0 Tribal of Odisha. 4.1 Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) in Odisha. 4.2 Some of the Key Programmes Implemented in the State for Development of PVTGs: Chapter 2 06-13 Objective and Study Design 2.1 Statement of the Problem 2.2 Context 3.0 Objectives of the Evaluation 4.0 Methodology 5.0 Operational Methodology adopted for this Evaluation 5.1 Selection of the Villages 5.2 The universe, Sample size, Tools of Data Collection and Source of Data 5.3 Sources of Data 6. The Process of Evaluation 7. Period of Evaluation Taken and its Justification 7.1 Justification from CAGs Reports 7.2 Sustainable Development Goals Justification 7.3 Justification from Other Programs of 2007-2019 8. Framework of Data Analysis 9. Chapterization for Presentation of Report 11. Limitations of the Evaluation Chapter – 3 10. Review of Literature 14- 18 Chapter – 4 19 – 96 Bonda Development Agency (Developmental and Institutional Aspects) Part A – Institutional Aspects 3.1 Inception of Bonda Development Agency 3.1.1 BDA in Brief 3.2 Main Features in the Bylaws of the Bonda Development Agency 3.3 Human Resources of BDA – An overview 3.4 Different Programmes in the Micro Project Area-BDA 3.5 Governing Body of the Bonda Development Agency 3.6 Governing Body meeting major highlights and Major Shifts in Planning, and Critical Issues 3.7 Fund Allocation to Bonda Development Agency [v] 3.8 Fund Allocation under OPELIP 3.9 Overall Monitoring of BDA by the state level and Concerns 3.10 Main Features of the review meetings (2008) 3.11 Main Features of the Review meetings (2007) 3.12 Main Feature during 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003 3.13 Opelip Review Meetings of OPELIP in a Nutshell 3.14 Other Concerns and Challenges of the BDA 3.15 The Limited Role of BDA after OPELIP/ Important Concern for Micro Project BDA 4.0 Defining Bonda Development Agency Role and Functioning 5.0 Towards a More Inclusive Group- The Lower Bondas 6.0 Part B (Developmental Aspects) 6.1 Socio Economic Aspects 6.1.1 Cultural Glimpse 6.1.2 Glance of Malkangiri District from Gazetteer 6.2 Health 6.3 Sanitary Practices 6.4 Drinking Water 6.5 Integrated Child Development Services 6.6 Immunization 6.7 ASHA coverage 6.8 Institutional Delivery 7. Education 8 Key indicators of Access (Pre-Condition to Socio Economic Development) 9- Quality of Life 10 Livelihood Aspect 10.1 Self Help Groups 10.2 Data from Lamps 11. Right to Work 12. Livestock Intervention 13. Migration 14. New Initiative- Possible Ways 16. Public Distribution System 17. Vulnerable Sections 17.1 Orphans 18. Housing 18. Forest Rights 19. Bonda’s Response towards Development 20. Bonda’s participation Through VDCs/VDAs Chapter – 5 97 – 104 4. 1 Summary, Concluding Observations and Recommendations 105- 109 Chapter – 6 5 Recommendations/suggestions References 110 – 111 Annexure [vi] Acronyms HH House Hold ICCD Integrated Conservation cum Development ICDS Integrated Child development Agency ID Infrastructure development IGS Income Generating Scheme IHHL Individual House hold Latrine ITDA Integrated Tribal Development Agency ITDP Institute for Transportation and Development Policy LAMPs Large Area Multipurpose Societies MDM Mid Day Meal MP Micro Project MPA Micro Project Area MPAIT Micro Project Area Implantation Team MPEW Multi-Purpose Extension Worker OHRC Odisha Human Rights Commission OPELIP Orissa Tribal Empowerment and Livelihoods Programme OPSC Odisha Public Service Commission OTDS Orissa Tribal Development Society OTELP Odisha Tribal Empowerment Livelihood Project PBDA Paudi Bhuyan Development Agency PHDMA Poverty and Human Development Monitoring Agency PHH Priority Household PIM Programme Implementation Manual PL Project Leader PMAY Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana PTG Primitive Tribal Group PVTG Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group SCSTRTI Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Research & Training Institute SECC Socio Economic cast census SHG Self Helf group TRW Tribal Rural Welfare List of Maps Sl.No Name Pages 01 Map of the project area 20 [vii] List of Tables Table Table Name Page Table: 01 Sample Size norm taken from Households (fixed as per 2015 survey) 8 Table: 02 Sample Household taken for the Evaluation- Primary Source (Upper Bonda) 8 Table: 03 Sample taken from Lower Bonda 9 Table: 04 Sample of the Universe 9 Table: 05 Sample Size Taken for Evaluation adopting all Tools –Primary Source 10 Table: 06 Information on staff position Regular Posts (As on 1st Jan, 2017) of BDA. 22 Table: 07 Abstract of sectoral receipt and expenditure of funds during five years 28 Table: 08 Abstract of ccd plan 29 Table: 09 Review Meeting at the state level and details 33 Table: 10 OPELIP meetings details (as per the Information provided by OPELIP MPAIT) 35 Table: 11 OPELIP Review meeting Highlights 35 Table: 12 Sector-wise allotment and expenditure as per the Audit Observation 39 Table: 13 Table showing the Position of Non-submission of Compliance report on the previous DARs 40 on the accounts of the PL, BDA, Mudulipada, Malkangiri for the year 1977-78 to 2011-12 Table: 14 Officials Interviewed at Various Level 42 Table: 15 Awareness and Functioning of BDA 43 Table: 16 Institutional Strength 43 Table: 17 Funding (timely receipt of funds, appropriate amount, less funds, etc) 43 Table: 18 BDA and convergence? (BDA taking interest in converging with other depts./others) 43 Table: 19 Convergence with other department extending support to BDA 44 Table: 20 Governing Body Meetings 44 Table: 21 Monitoring of BDA works by higher officials. 44 Table: 22 Monitoring by GB members to MPA 45 Table: 23 Role of BDA after OPELIP 45 Table: 24 Suggestions (on a ten-point scale) to strengthen BDAs programmes as well as BDA as an 45 Institution Table: 25 GP wise % of Respondents 50 Table: 26 Age of the respondent 50 Table: 27 Gender of the respondents 50 Table: 28 Health Camps 51 Table: 29 Individual Household Latrine (primary observation) 51 Table: 30 IHHL status in MPA 51 Table: 31 Changes seen in Health and Sanitary Practices and factors responsible (mixed response) 53 Table: 32 GP wise Respondents health (diseases affected mostly, treatment seeking behavior, present 54 and before). Table: 33 GP wise Drinking water used by the Respondents and sources) 55 Table: 34 GP wise Availability/Non availability of Drinking water by the Respondents households 55 Table: 35 GP wise response on the quality of drinking water consumed by the Respondents 55 households [viii] Table: 36 Status of Angan Wadi Centers 57 Table: 37 AWC details of few villages as per Primary Observation’ 57 Table: 38 Immunization status 57 Table: 39 Status of the Children and their Mode of Schooling 59 Table: 40 Students strength in Schools 60 Table: 41 Major Changes in Education and Responses 61 Table: 42 Status of Road Connectivity 64 Table: 43 Communication facilities and any changes (mixed response) 67 Table: 44 Changes in Access to Information 68 Table: 45 GP wise Respondents monthly consumption on food items in rupees 68 Table: 46 GP wise Respondents Annual expenditure on non food items 69 Table: 47 What changes did happen in the community according to you 69 Table: 48 Socio Economic changes As perceived 70 Table: 49 GP wise Respondents Possessions of (moveable and immovable property) 70 Table: 50 Factors influencing Changes in Income 71 Table: 51 GP wise respondents main occupation 71 Table: 52 GP Wise respondent’s Total Income table 72 Table: