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The People of Mudulipada (ESSAY on LIFE of the BONDA TRIBES)

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The People of Mudulipada (ESSAY on LIFE of the BONDA TRIBES) August - 2013 Odisha Review The People of Mudulipada (ESSAY ON LIFE OF THE BONDA TRIBES.) Dr. Debashis Patra That was a Sunday: the day of the weekly village how do the people of Mudulipada look like ? fair of Mundiguda. Mudulipada is about twenty What do they put on ? What do they eat? Where kilometres from Mundiguda. Mundiguda is not lies the underlying formula of their insatiable thirst merely a fair for commercial transactions, it is the for living? Are they Aryans or Non-Aryans ? Or dearest place of the Bondas, an integral part of they connected with a thread-like brittle their life and culture. The pure and pristine in the relationship hidden under the primitive origin of aborigines have very often lured the tourists, creation? To meet these persistent enquiries and researchers and scholars to this enigmatic place inquisitiveness, an international seminar was held who take it as a mission to bring this wonder of in the University of New York on the subject “The the creation to limelight in the larger arena of this Man of Bonda Hill”, attended by a large number world. of eminent anthropologists from all over the world. Under a few thatched roofs in the fair have A lot of discussions and deliberations went on been displayed the shops dealing in the basic items yielding to many fascinating findings and of daily chores, things of the mundane world. A suggestions. But to the utmost shock and surprise shop of ‘salap’ juice under a tree entices no Indian representative participated in the everyone. The people of Mudulipada come here international programme; the seminar, however, to pick up a few memorable moments manifesting became a museum of myriad revelations. Quite a a tremendous zeal and zest for life. He has no good number of foreign researchers and tourists opportunity to be lost in the allurements and presented their illuminating studies and sophistications of modernity. They are not an observations. In the corner of the auditorium was ordinary people, but the inhabitants of the high there a Swedish lady listening very attentively and hills of Bonda from a historical perspective. They with much concentration to the deliberations of are the denizens of the country of Barajangara, the seminar, Charlotte by name. She tied a knot distinctly separate in respect of their township, with a man of very remote village in Odisha. A their law and order and their topography which galaxy of questions in her mind, her mind stirred the civilized men call the ‘Bondas’; and their and agitated over the unending ebb and tide of common identity as the people of Mudulipada. possible answers to them. How can she meet Curiously enough, a series of questions these Bonda people, newly and amazingly normally arises with regard to this primitive tribe: reflected in the mirror of history ? The people who 51 Odisha Review August - 2013 are the basis of the anthropological survey and entwined with beads. Eight to ten metallic rings research – the ‘People of Mudulipada’. were there around the neck. Chains of multi As the month of March waned, the rage coloured beads covered their breasts, and around of biting cold winter gradually cooled down. The the waist was there a strange kind of cloth called scarecrows in the fields have been ruined. The ‘ringa’. At a little distance under a shady tree the rows of hills and hillocks stood firmly in darkness men had opened their shops of ‘salap’ wine. They as if they observed a ritual of total silence. And had ornaments in their ears. They looked very from that inexpressible anguish glowed the dying terrible with their conventional weapons of bows fire in the hills. The rhythmic beat of ‘dung and arrows. All the same the modern scholars dunga’on the Chaiti festival flowing over a distance were in search of a prehistoric man in them. affirms the existence of an Adivasi village (a village Somaru went near the Bonda women and of primitive tribe). They had to reach the made them aware of the positive intention of the Mundiguda fair at the day break. foreign lady. Thereafter thronged a female crowd The fair was in between Guma and around her. She gave them tips of a few hundred Khairput, after they travelled about seventy rupee notes and took a lot of snaps of the women, kilometres from Malkangiri. Amidst the glowing mostly culture- specific. Somaru did not relish the red rays of the rising sun the leaves of the trees tips given by her with a dissuading remark, on the road side as if blushed by the tender touch “Madam, hundred rupees are too much.” In of the fog. And the people of Mudulipada were Charlotte’s eyes was writ large the supreme delight marching in a disciplined line towards Mundiguda of an achiever. She replied ,” I know, I know ...” fair. In their gait was manifest a rhythmic ease as One reaches Khairput if one goes further. well as the behavioural discipline of ants. One comes across the habitation of the Bondas Somaru drew the attention of Charlotte by climbing up the mountain for about fourteen to to the saga of the aborigines. He has accompanied fifteen kilometres from that place. It is spread over her from Malkangiri, sent by the administration, a forest area of one hundred and thirty because originally he hailed from Mudulipada, sq.kilometres and is situated on the north- western quite familiar with the life and language of those side of the river Machhkund. It is at a height of people. Now he is educated, and is engaged in three thousand to five thousand feet from the sea some service at Malkangiri, leading an urbane life level. This habitation of the Bondas, touching the there. He was proficient in three languages: his basin of the Machhkund, is at the greatest height own Bonda language, Odia and English. That’s in the entire world. Berriar Elwin, a renowned why he very adroitly and faithfully played the role anthropologist, describes them the “Bonda of a tourist guide. It is only his manner and Highlanders”. modulation that will introduce specifically his own From Khairaput, the vehicle started tribesmen to the world at large. climbing uphill on the ghat road. With this began The fair was gradually gathering its Somaru’s analysis of the history of Bondas. momentum. And Charlotte went on observing the Charlotte kept the video camera on in front of Bonda women arrayed in their strange costumes. him. He spoke in his broken adulterated English On their tonsured heads were there rounded strips — The Bondas are known as ‘Remo’ in their own of leaves of thin date trees, which again were language. This tribe, the wonder of Nature and 52 August - 2013 Odisha Review God’s creation , belongs to the family of Austro- This is the first of the twelve Bonda Asians, and their population is about 5565 as per villages that initially constituted the Barajanga state. the 2001 census. Its literacy rate is 7%. Their Its name is Mudulipada. Ahead lie the villages like cultural tradition strikingly resembles with that of Kirsanipada, Tulaguram, Bandiguda, Basupada, the scheduled tribes of Gadabas and Mariyas. In Chalanpada, Gokurpada, Pindajangara, other words Bondas are the oldest descendants Kichipada and Dantipada. At the foot of the hill of the Austro-Asian culture. lies Pandraguda. Now all those villages with the addition of some more area have turned into thirty Then the camera turned towards two villages. Charlotte. She questioned:” Any mythology about their origin?” Somaru continued,” Once upon a They stood in front of a house. A cock time there were twelve brothers born in a Gadaba hopped up to its roof crowing. On the verandah family on the bank of the river Godavary and later was there a semi-naked woman in a tattered cloth. they migrated to the mountainous region of She was gasping intermittently. A thirteen year old Jeypore and settled there. The name of the eldest boy in school uniform stood by her side. Charlotte brother was Bhoi Gadaba, next one was Asura asked him,”What is your name?” The boy gazed Gadaba and the other ten in the order of seniority at her for some time and replied in English,”I am were Kandha, Bonda, Didayee, Jhadia, Parenga, Sania Kirsani.”The foreign lady was wonder- Dora, Holar, Pengu, Chileri and Maria. The state struck and offered him a hundred rupee note with of these twelve brothers was known as Barajanga, an appreciation, ’very smart’. Somaru clarified but as a small state it enjoyed all connection and that Sania was his name and Kirsani the surname. co-operation with the king of Jeypore. At the time The boy then got down from the verandah . of emergency, the Bonda army of Mudulipada, Somaru asked him in his native tongue where he fully armed with their arms and ammunitions, was going. The boy replied,” Ning, ischool baigani marched heroically to defend the king of Jeypore. ning” which meant “ I am going to school.” Charlotte looked out of the vehicle to Somaru then talked about the names and observe the beauty and splendour of nature from the surnames of Bondas. Bada Nayak, Chalana, the hilltop. In her glance was there a romantic Dhangdamajhi, Dora, Jigree,Kirsani, Mandora, feel. The driver said that they had reached Muduli, Sisha, etc. are the surnames of the Mudulipada. Charlotte got down along with her Bondas. They are classified under two clans: friend and daughter. Pointing towards a house in Khila(Tiger clan) and Hantala(Serpent clan). The front Somaru said that it was an office for the names are also quite strange and interesting for Bonda Development Project.
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