Raigarh District, Chhattisgarh

कᴂद्रीय भूमि जल बो셍ड जल संसाधन, नदी विकास और गंगा संरक्षण विभाग, जल शक्ति मंत्रालय भारत सरकार Central Ground Water Board Department of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation, Ministry of Jal Shakti Government of India AQUIFER MAPPING AND MANAGEMENT OF GROUND WATER RESOURCES RAIGARH DISTRICT, CHHATTISGARH उत्तर मध्य छत्तीसग褼 क्षेत्र, रायपुर North Central Chhattisgarh Region, Raipur Government of India Ministry of Jal Shakti Department of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARD Aquifer Mapping and Management Plan in Raigarh District, Chhattisgarh Type of Study Blocks Officer engaged 1. Dharamjaigarh Sri S. Acharya, Scientist-D 2. Gharghoda (AAP:2015-16) 3. Tamnar Data compilation, Data Gap Analysis 4. Kharsia Sri M. Gobinath. AHG & Data Generation 5. Lailunga (AAP:2016-17) 6. Raigarh 7. Pusaur Sri R. K. Tripathy, Scientist-B 8. Baramkela (AAP:2016-17) 9. Sarangarh Data Interpretation, Integration, Aquifer Mapping, Management All the above 9 blocks Sri A. K. Biswal, Scientist-D Plan & Report writing North Central Chhattisgarh Region Raipur 2020 DISTRICT AT A GLANCE RAIGARH DISTRICT 1. GENERAL INFORMATION i) Geographical area (Sq. km) 6,527.44 ii) Administrative Divisions (As on 2017) a) Number of Blocks 9 b) Number of Villages 1485 iii) Population as on 2011 Census 1,493,984 iv) Average Annual Rainfall 1274mm 2. GEOMORPHOLOGY i) Major Geomorphological Units Chhattisgarh plain region and Northern hill ii) Major Drainages Mahanadi Basin (Mahanadi, Mand, Kurket, Kelo & Ib) 3. LAND USE (ha) As on 2016-17 i) Forest Area 59904 ii) Net Area Sown 267329 iii) Double cropped Area 32538 4. MAJOR SOIL TYPES Alfisols-Red sandy gravelly & Red sandy, Inceptisols-Shallow black Ultisols- Red & Yellow, lateritic 5. AREA UNDER PRINCIPAL CROPS, in ha Paddy-243081, Wheat-2769, Pulses-28565, (As on 2016-17) Tilhans-144.35, Fruits and vegetables- 665 6. IRRIGATED AREA BY DIFFERENT SOURCES in ha (As on 2016-17) i) Dug wells 772 ii) Tube wells/Bore wells 32314 iii) Canals 18609 iv)Tanks 4720 v) Other sources 7200 vi) area Irrigated more than once 29644 7. NUMBERS OF GROUND WATER MONITORING WELLS OF CGWB (As on March’2019) i) No of Dug wells 123 ii) No of Piezometers 20 I 8. PREDOMINANT GEOLOGICAL FORMATIONS Recent Alluvium & Laterite (Sand, clay) Gondwana Supergroup (Sandstone, shale, coal) Chhattisgarh Supergroup (Limestone, Dolomite, Sandstone, shale) Basement Crystallines (Granites, Gneiss, Schists & metamorphic) 9. HYDROGEOLOGY i) Major Water Bearing Formations Weathered & fractured sandstone, shale, limestone, siltstone, and Granite gneisses. ii) Pre-monsoon Depth to Water Level 1.18 to 32.6 mbgl iii) Post-monsoon Depth to Water Level 0.01 to 22.7 mbgl iv) Long Term Water Level Trend for 10 yrs Pre-monsoon-Fall: 0.02 to 3.88 (2008-2017 Vs 2018) in m/yr Rise: 0.05 to 10.18 Post-monsoon-Fall: 0.02 to 4.28 Rise 0.03 to 3.27 10. GROUND WATER EXPLORATION BY CGWB (As on March’2019) i) No of Wells Drilled EW: 108, OW: 28, PZ: 22 ii) Depth Range (m) 21 to 400.28 iii) Discharge (litres per second) 0.2 to 22.42 iv) Transmissivity (m2/day) 1.35 to 142.75 11. GROUND WATER QUALITY i) Presence of Chemical Constituents EC for Shallow aquifer is 30 to 1514 and for deeper aquifer is 84 to 2320 µS/cm at 25°C , PH- 6.5 to 8.9, All the chemical constituents are well within permissible limit except Iron and Fluoride and Nitrate at few places. ii) Type of Water Calcium-Magnesium-Bicarbonate (Ca-Mg- HCO3) and Calcium-Sulphate (Ca-SO4) type for shallow aquifer & Calcium-Bicarbonate (Ca- HCO3) type for deeper aquifer respectively. 12. DYNAMIC GROUND WATER RESOURCES in Ham (Estimated as on March’2013) i) Annual Extractable Ground Water Recharge 41166.73 ii) Total Annual Ground Water Extraction 20292.35 iii) Ground Water Resources for Future use 20327.56 iv) Stage of Ground Water Development 50.09 % II 13. AWARENESS AND TRAINING ACTIVITY Mass awareness at Kharsia in the year 2002-03 was organized. It was followed by two tier training at Raigarh and three tier training at Gharghoda, Kharsia. 14. EFFORTS OF ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE & RAIN WATER HARVESTING i) Projects Completed by CGWB (No & Amount Nil spent) ii) Projects Under Technical Guidance of CGWB Nil (Numbers) 15. GROUND WATER CONTROL AND REGULATION i) Number of Over Exploited Blocks Nil (Stage of Extraction > 100%) ii) Number of Critical Blocks Nil (Stage of Extraction> 90%) iii) Number of Blocks Notified Nil 16. MAJOR GROUND WATER PROBLEMS AND ISSUES 1. Due to large scale pumping from Raigarh Formation for irrigation, the water level in this formation goes deep in summer and the sustainability of shallow hand pumps are threatened. 2. With increasing dependency on hand pumps for drinking water, iron contamination in ground water has emerged as biggest problem in parts of Gondwana covered area of Gharghoda- Tamnar- Dharamjaigarh- Kharsia- Lailunga blocks. 3. At few locations nitrate and fluoride concentrations are found beyond the permissible limit. III CONTENTS FOREWORD EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ACKNOWLEDGEMENT CHAPTERS PAGE NO. I. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Objectives 1 1.2 Scope of the study 1 1.3 Methodology 2 1.4 Location, Administrative set up & Demography 3 1.5 Land use 3 1.6 Cropping pattern 6 1.7 Irrigation 7 1.8 Minerals, Industries and Mining activities 9 1.9 Soil 9 1.10 Drainage 11 1.11 Geomorphology 14 1.12 Prevailing Water Conservation and recharge 14 practices II. HYDROMETEROLOGY 2.1 Introduction 16 2.2 Temperature 16 2.3 Evaporation 16 2.4 Humidity 16 2.5 Wind Velocity 16 2.6 Rainfall 16 III. GEOLOGY 3.1 Geology and structure 18 IV. DATA COLLECTION & 4.1 Introduction 20 GENERATION 4.2 Exploration data 20 4.2.1 Well design 22 4.3 Water Level data 24 4.4 Hydrochemical data 24 4.5 Achievement 26 V. AQUIFER DISPOSITION 5.1 Principal & Major aquifer groups 27 5.2 Ground Water Regime monitoring 32 5.2.1 Decadal Ground Water level fluctuation 32 5.2.2 Ground Water Level Trend 33 5.2.3 Ground Water flow direction 41 5.3 Ground Water Resources 41 5.3.1 Replenishable ground water resources or 41 Dynamic ground water resources 5.3.2 Static Ground Water Resources 42 5.4 Ground Water Quality 42 5.4.1 Drinking water quality 42 5.4.2 Irrigation water quality 45 5.4.3 Industrial water quality 48 5.4.4 Arsenic contamination 48 5.4.5 Uranium contamination 48 5.4.6 Type of Ground Water 48 i VI. AQUIFER MAPPING & 6.1 Ground Water related issues & problems 50 MANAGEMENT PLAN 6.2 Status of Aquifer Mapping & Salient findings 50 1. Dharmajaigarh block 50 2. Ghorghoda block 51 3. Tamnar block 52 4. Kharsia block 52 5. Lailunga block 53 6. Pusaur block 54 7. Raigarh block 55 8. Sarangagarh block 55 9. Baramkela block 56 6.3 Status of Ground Water Development Plan 57 6.4 Aquifer Map 59 VII. SPRING 7.1 Study of Spring 66 7.2 Springs in Gondwana rocks 67 7.3 Springs in Crystalline rocks 67 7.4 Some important springs 67 7.5 Management of spring water 68 VIII. SUM UP 8.1 Recommendations 70 REFERENCES 72 ANNEXURES I, II, III (A) & III (B) 73-101 ABBREVIATIONS a msl above mean sea level BDR Basic Data Report CGWB Central Ground Water Board Dia Diameter DTW Depth To Water EC Electrical Conductivity EW Exploratory Wells GW/ gw Ground Water ham Hectare meter lpcd litres per capita per day lpm litres per minute lps liters per second m bgl meter below ground level MCM/mcm Million Cubic Meter NCCR North Central Chhattisgarh Region NHNS/ NHS National Hydrograph Network Stations OW Observation Well PZ Piezometre ii FOREWORD Groundwater resources are being developed over years in order to meet domestic, irrigation and industrial requirements. The spatial distribution of availability of ground water resources however, is uneven and is being indiscriminately exploited by various users thereby creating relentless pressure. On the other hand rapid urbanization, industrialization and land use changes has resulted decline of water levels in many parts of the country. There is an urgent need for scientific approach for proper management of the available ground water resources for sustainability of this precious natural resource for present and future generation. Central Ground Water Board has been in the forefront of activities for occurrence, development, and management of this resource through various scientific studies and techniques. Over the last four decades CGWB, NCCR, Raipur has gathered a huge amount of data regarding ground water resources of Chhattisgarh. Based on this experience aquifer mapping of Raigarh district was prepared with the vast amount of data generated and available with North Central Chhattisgarh Region. The report embodies all the features of ground water and related aspects of the study area including physiography, meteorological conditions, hydrology, drainage, geomorphology, geology, hydrogeology, ground water resources, hydrochemistry, geophysics, ground water problems etc. The report titled “ A REPORT ON AQUIFER MAPPING & MANAGEMENT PLAN IN RAIGARH DISTRICT, CHHATTISGARH” ” is prepared by Sh. A.K.Biswal, Scientist-D and is the result of untiring efforts Sh. S.Acharya, Scientist-D; S. K. Shrivastava, Scientist ‘D’and Sh. R.K.Tripathy, Scientist-B. It was a Herculean job and required hard working. I appreciate the concerted efforts put by the author to make it possible to bring the report in its present shape. I hope this report will no doubt be useful and worthy for the benefit of Raigarh district and would be a useful document for academicians, administrators, planners and all the stakeholders in ground water.

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