DOCSLIB.ORG

'BZA,.~·U.L REPOR~ NO

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
'BZA,.~·U.L REPOR~ NO R!FERENCE USE ONLY 'BZA,.~·U.l REPOR~ NO. FRA/ORD-77/45.1 POTENTIAL MEANS OF COST REDUCTION IN GRADE CROSSING MOTORIST-WARNING CONTROL EQUIPMENT Volume I: Overview, Technology Survey and Relay Alternatives C. L. DuVivier W. Sheffeld L. M. Rogers H.J. Foster Storch Engineers 824 Boylston Street Chestnut Hill MA 02167 . -~- I . DECEMBER 1977 FINAL REPORT DOCUMENT IS AVAILABLE TO THE U .S. PUBLIC THROUGH THE NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE, SPRINGFIELD, VIRGINIA 22161 Prepared for U,S, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION I Office of Research and Development Washington DC 20590 · NOTICE This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Govern­ ment assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. NOTICE The United States Government does not endorse pro­ ducts or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers' names appear herein solely because they are con­ sidered essential to the object of this report. Technical I<eport Documentation Page 1 2 F R-;;;-i-,-Po_'R---:D--:-~---:7_7,1 ~~·o_c'-~-::-n-' _~ r--:- __4_5_.I _'__G_oy_e,_"m_en_,_Ac_ce_ss_,o_n_NO_' --+:-3_, 2_(_°7=-'°'_0g.=--7 9lf6 L 5 POTE1NTttt'MEANS OF COST REDUCTION IN GRADE 1 , Repo,' DO'e I CROSS I NG MOTORI ST - WARNI NG CONTROL EQUI PMENT ~~-~~~~~~,:on.~0~.~n7cod. i Volume I: Overview, Technology Survey and ~ Relay Alternatives 8. Pedo,m,ng O,gon"o',on Repo" No, j 7, Aupnarls) 1 C.L. DuVivier, L.M. Rogers, W. Sheffeld, and DOT-TSC-FRA-76-21,I r-H'7--,:,T~_.Lj:;:..u..:,,,,,,,,,-::'tL-,,,,p,-,----r +-:-I-:-O '--;;'o.k Un,' No :T-RA-IS-I--- ,-- 9. Performing Orgonl.z.atlon Name and Address " , . , Storch Engineers* RR828/R8323 I 824 Boy 1s ton St r ee t 1-7:11,-,-(:::-o-n-,'-0c-,-o-,-=-G-,o-n,--:N--:o-----~l Chestnut Hill MA 02167 DOT-TSC-870 i 13 Typeof RepO"ondPe"od (oye,ed I ---:-e12=-,-S=-p-on-.-o-"n-g-A-g-e-nc-y-N-o-m-e-o-nd-Ad-d-,e-,-, --------------------. Fina 1 Rep 0 r t 'I U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Railroad Administration June 19~4-March 1976 Office of Research and Development 14. Sponsoring Agency Code Washington DC 20590 15. Supplementcry Noles U.S. Department of Transportation *Under Contract To: Transportation Systems Center Kendal Square Cambrid2e MA 02142 16. Abs1roct The results of a recent study of railroad-highway grade crossing warning system technology are presented. Emphasis in the investigation was placed on the determination of the potential for significant reduction in equipment, installation and maintenance costs through improvements sought within a framework of the basic (track circuit) system concepts now prevalent. This study comprises a comprehensive survey of current practices and hardware) an analysis of all major cost elements, and a consideration of potentially beneficial technical changes. The effort is concentrated on the equipment involved in train detection and the activation of warning devices. Special attention is given to European practices. The applicability of European signal relays and of mercury-wetted reed relays to the North American situatio is analysed. 17. Key Wo,d. lB. Distribution Statement Railroad-Highway Grade Crossings Grade Crossing Warning Systems DOCUMENT IS AVAILABLE TO THE U.S. PUBLIC THROUGH THE NATIONAL TECHNICAL Grade Crossing Signal Control INFORMATION SERVICE. SPRINGFIELD, Systems VIRGINIA 22161 • 19. Security Classtf. (of this report) 20, Secu,ily (1...iI. (of this pogel 21. No .•f Poge. 22. P,ice Unclas s ifie d Unclassified Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Rep ,odueti on of comp Ieted poge author; zed • PREFACE The work described in this report was part of an ove~all program at the Transportation Systems Center to provide a technical basis for the improvement of railroad-highway grade crossing safety. The program is sponsored by the Federal Railroad Administration, Office of Research and Development. Volume I of this report includes an overview, and two separate studies carried out under contract, one relating to the overall technology and cost of grade crossing control subsystems, and the other exploring the use. of relays other than the conventional rail­ road signal type. A detailed analysis of reliability aspects and assessment of the potential applicability of solid-state devices is contained in Volume II. The executive summary in Volume I covers both volumes. The work reported upon herein has benefitted greatly from the cooperation of many people in the railroad and railroad supply industry, as well as those in the commercial relay supply industry. In addition, the cooperation of European National Railway adminis­ trations and several prominent European manufacturers made a much better understanding of European practice possible. The project is under the overall direction of Dr. John Hopkins, while management of the Transportation Systems Center grade crossing protection program is the responsibility of Mr. Robert Coulombere. ;;; Preceding page blank METRIC CONVERSION FACTORS App,oliml" Conv.,lionl 10 Mouic Mouu,.. --: ~ App,ollml.O Convo'lioni from Motric ...o..u'o. --: ::: -:: S,.hl Will •• W•• In•• 1I.I.i,l, ~, To Fid S"'ol S,.hl Will. Y... I ... 1I.It,JIy ~, T. fi.i1 S,_hl --: ;; LENGTH o N LENGTH - mil IUTlOUU 5 0.04 Inches --: !: centlll'll'lUUS 0.' Inches ].] lee. h Inch•• 2.5 cenl.me'orS --: melers yards yd h leel 30 cenl.mel8rs ~ I.' ~IIQlTlDlll"n miles yd y""" 0.9 ... 0.6 mil•• 1.6 1... lomelerS _00 -:: ~ --: AREA AREA ~ - en?- sqllare cenllme._s 0.16 square Inches .n' on' sqU•• Inche. •.5 square l:enllmeler, em' ~ 00' squ e melers , .2 aquare .,.,d:l .,r h' sq~,e OJ). square meier, 00' 'ee' --: loin' "I r. kllwnelers 0.4 sq....re miles 00" yd' AqY.l.nI .,ards 0.8 s.qUjll. ~'OfS 00' 1 ~ ... heel"'es (10,000 m ) 2.5 _c;re" ~. 00" toque'. mil•• 2.• squarll kllomelen ...' acr•• 0.' hectare. h. < -= ~ MASS (woight) MASS f..oig~1I ~ -= grams 0.036 ounce" 28 9r ams 0' -= • k,IO!JI"ams 2.2 pound. Ib Ib pounds o.•s kilograms •-'I -. tonnes J.1 ....nn lona 11000 k91 shOll tons 0.'1 lonnes l 12000 Ibl ~ VOLUME VOLUME II .. ,.. leas.poull 5 mlllllliers ml ml mlllilll8fS O.Ol lIuld ouncea T.... labl.spoons 15 m,1l II 110'-"­ ml I lien 2.1 pili'. .. q1 II 01' livid ounc•• 30 mllllhiers 001 Inltl's 1.06 g,sll~. cup, 0.2' 11I8r5 h1Of" 0.28 .. p,nlS 0.41 Illen m' cubiC mele':II ]& -'"cubiC 1..1 ..'h' Qlllar1S 0.'15 hlers 00' cubiC nelers 1.] cubic yard. yd' .'..' g811011S ].8 I'lers h' cubiC loel 0.03 I::ublc meters 00' yd' cubiC yards 0.16 cubiC mIners 00' TEMPERATURE (o ..ctl (neet) TEMPERATURE °c CelsIUS 9/&1_ hhren_11 "f 18fI'ClI8t'ature _321 ' .........IUN 0, F.tu..nI\eII S/9lah. Cel!,lus °c t.-nI*'1lNf' SUblraCllng temperalur. ·f 321 Of 32 98.6 212 -'~'" ~ " rOI' ,8~, ~ ,'~O, I"~O" .'':''~ Iii Ii' I iii -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 ! 0e 11 °c TABLE OF CONTENTS Section 1. PART I. OVERVIEH . 1 2. PART II. TECHNOLOGY SURVEY .. '" . 7 2 . 1 Background... ............................. 7 2.2 Scope...... ............................... 8 2. 3 Approach.................................. 8 3. OVERVIEW OF G&~DE CROSSING WARNING SYST~!S AND PRACTIC:CS. ..................................... 10 4. COMPONENTS USED IN ACTIVE GRADE CROSSING WARNING SySTEMS........................................ 19 4.1 Introduction '" 19 4.2 Warning Devices 19 4.3 Arrangements of Warning Devices 24 4.4 Control Systems - Functional Description.. 27 4.4.1 Occupancy Detection................ 27 4.4.2 Speed Responsive Occupancy Detection. ......................... 29 4.4.3 Motion Detection 29 4.4.4 Manual Control 30 4.5 Control Systems, Train Detection Functional Operation............. 31 4.5.1 Train Detection by Occupancy 31 4.5.2 Motion Sensing............•.. w ••••• 33 5. CONSTRAINTS ON INNOVATION...................... 36 5.1 Introduction.............................. 36 5.2 Railroad Acceptance - Safety and Liability 36 5.3 The Market................................ 38 5.4 The Environment 39 5.5 Funding................................... 41 5.6 The Need for Compatibility and Adaptability.............................. 43 5.7 Work Rules 43 5.8 Practices and Procedures "...... 44 6. COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH PRESENT PRACTICES 45 6.1 Introduction..........................•... 45 6.2 Components for Cost Analysis ~ 45 6.3 Costs of Typical Installations 47 v TABLE OF CONTENTS (CaNT) Section 7 THE POTENTIAL FOR COST REDUCTION 53 7.1 Introduction. ................................ 53 7.2 Cost Reduction Potential in the Train Detection Subsystem 53 7.3 Cost Reduction Potential in the Control Subsystem. ................................. .. 54 7.4 Cost Reduction ~otential in the Vehicle Warning Subsystem 54 7.5 Cost Reduction Potential in the Interconnection Subsystem............•...•..• 54 7.6 Summary of Improvement Potential 55 8 ALTERNATIVE SUBSYSTEM CONCEPTS 57 8.1 Introduction...............................•. 57 8.2 Alternative Concept Generation and Selection. 57 8.3 Alternative Concepts . 59 8.4 Discussion- of Each Concept . 59 9 CHARACTERIZATION OF ALTERNATIVF,S 71 9.1 Introduction . 71 9.2 Alternative 1 - Universal Use of Shelf-Type Relays . 71 9.3 Alternative 2 - Universal Use of Plug-in Relays . 71 9.4 Alternative 3 - Development of Standard Modules . 71 9.5 Alternative 4 - Development of Plug-In Relay Rack Type Modules . 72 9.6 Alternative 5 - Use of Non-Vital But Highly Reliable Relays . 72 9.7 Alternative 6 - Development of a Solid State Substitute For Present Logic............•.... 72 9.8 Summary .•...... " . 73 10 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS (CONTROL SYSTF.~1_S). 75 10.1 Conclusions . 75 10.2 Recommendations ; . 75 11 TOPICS OUTSIDE THE SCOPE OF THIS STUDy . 77 11.1 Introduction.... 77 11.2 The Absence of a Fail Safe Vehicle Warning Display , 77 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT) Section 11.3 Credibility..............................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • BACKTRACK 22-1 2008:Layout 1 21/11/07 14:14 Page 1
    BACKTRACK 22-1 2008:Layout 1 21/11/07 14:14 Page 1 BRITAIN‘S LEADING HISTORICAL RAILWAY JOURNAL VOLUME 22 • NUMBER 1 • JANUARY 2008 • £3.60 IN THIS ISSUE 150 YEARS OF THE SOMERSET & DORSET RAILWAY GWR RAILCARS IN COLOUR THE NORTH CORNWALL LINE THE FURNESS LINE IN COLOUR PENDRAGON BRITISH ENGLISH-ELECTRIC MANUFACTURERS PUBLISHING THE GWR EXPRESS 4-4-0 CLASSES THE COMPREHENSIVE VOICE OF RAILWAY HISTORY BACKTRACK 22-1 2008:Layout 1 21/11/07 15:59 Page 64 THE COMPREHENSIVE VOICE OF RAILWAY HISTORY END OF THE YEAR AT ASHBY JUNCTION A light snowfall lends a crisp feel to this view at Ashby Junction, just north of Nuneaton, on 29th December 1962. Two LMS 4-6-0s, Class 5 No.45058 piloting ‘Jubilee’ No.45592 Indore, whisk the late-running Heysham–London Euston ‘Ulster Express’ past the signal box in a flurry of steam, while 8F 2-8-0 No.48349 waits to bring a freight off the Ashby & Nuneaton line. As the year draws to a close, steam can ponder upon the inexorable march south of the West Coast Main Line electrification. (Tommy Tomalin) PENDRAGON PUBLISHING www.pendragonpublishing.co.uk BACKTRACK 22-1 2008:Layout 1 21/11/07 14:17 Page 4 SOUTHERN GONE WEST A busy scene at Halwill Junction on 31st August 1964. BR Class 4 4-6-0 No.75022 is approaching with the 8.48am from Padstow, THE NORTH CORNWALL while Class 4 2-6-4T No.80037 waits to shape of the ancient Bodmin & Wadebridge proceed with the 10.00 Okehampton–Padstow.
    [Show full text]
  • Nessun Titolo Diapositiva
    Ordine degli Ingegneri della Provincia di Palermo con il patrocinio di AICQ Sicilia Trasporti: politiche, qualità e soluzioni Palermo, 14 - 02 - 2014 L’evoluzione delle politiche ferroviarie in Sicilia Collegio Ingegneri Sezione di Ferroviari Dott. Ing. Mario La Rocca Palermo Italiani Le origini delle ferrovie in Sicilia • Il decreto di Garibaldi • In Sicilia, fino al 1860, sotto il governo borbonico non era stata costruita alcuna ferrovia, mentre nel resto d’Italia erano in esercizio 2592 Km di ferrovie, di cui solo 128 Km nel Regno delle Due Sicilie. • Garibaldi pose le premesse per dotare la Sicilia di una rete ferroviaria emanando lo storico decreto del 25 giugno 1860 che disponeva la costruzione di una ferrovia da Palermo a Messina passando per Caltanissetta e Catania. Collegio Ingegneri L'evoluzione delle politiche ferroviarie in 2 Sezione di Ferroviari Palermo Italiani Sicilia Il massimo sviluppo della rete siciliana • Nei primi anni ‘50 la rete ferroviaria della Sicilia raggiunge il massimo sviluppo chilometrico. – NB: la Caltagirone - Gela è stata aperta all’esercizio nel 1979. Collegio Ingegneri L'evoluzione delle politiche ferroviarie in 3 Sezione di Ferroviari Palermo Italiani Sicilia L’attuale contesto infrastrutturale siciliano Collegio Ingegneri L'evoluzione delle politiche ferroviarie in 4 Sezione di Ferroviari Palermo Italiani Sicilia L’assetto Istituzionale FS MINISTERO DEI TRASPORTI AZIENDA ENTE FS SpA AUTONOMA FS FS Collegio Ingegneri L'evoluzione delle politiche ferroviarie in 5 Sezione di Ferroviari Palermo Italiani Sicilia L’assetto Istituzionale FS 1905 - AZIENDA AUTONOMA delle FERROVIE dello STATO (L. 22/4/1905 n°137) Amministrazione autonoma sotto direzione e responsabilità Ministeriali. Bilancio distinto da quello dell’organo politico di controllo Collegio Ingegneri L'evoluzione delle politiche ferroviarie in 6 Sezione di Ferroviari Palermo Italiani Sicilia L’assetto Istituzionale FS 1986 - Ente “FERROVIE dello STATO” (L.
    [Show full text]
  • The Bulletin BERNARD LINDER, 1918-2017
    ERA BULLETIN — FEBRUARY, 2018 The Bulletin Electric Railroaders’ Association, Incorporated Vol. 61, No. 2 February, 2018 The Bulletin BERNARD LINDER, 1918-2017 Published by the Electric by Alexander Ivanoff Railroaders’ Association, Incorporated, PO Box Longtime ERA Bulletin Editor-in-Chief Ber- Despite having worked for New York City 3323, New York, New nard Linder (ERA #2668) passed away on Transit and having been a railfan, Bernie did York 10163-3323. the evening of December 12, 2017 at the age not hear about ERA until a chance encounter of 99, after a brief illness. Born on March 31, with the late Martin Schachne (ERA #1137). For general inquiries, or 1918, Bernie grew up in in the Bronx and He became a member in 1961 and since Bulletin submissions, became interested in electric traction through 1963, Bernie had been involved in some ca- contact us at bulletin@ erausa.org. ERA’s his parents. His father pacity with what started website is was a newsstand ven- out as the New York Divi- www.erausa.org. dor in the subway and sion Bulletin (now simply he would go with his the Bulletin). He was Editorial Staff: mother to help out. asked by Arthur Lonto to Editor-in-Chief: Jeffrey Erlitz From an early age become the Bulletin Edi- Tri-State News and Bernie collected news tor in 1980, and since Commuter Rail Editor: stories on transit and then his name had been Ronald Yee traction events, as far on well over 400 monthly North American and World as collecting car ros- issues, and until his News Editor: Alexander Ivanoff ters at the age of 13.
    [Show full text]
  • International Railway Signals
    International Railway Signals TRANSPORTATION-MARKINGS: A STUDY IN COMMUNICATION MONOGRAPH SERIES Alternate Series Title: An Inter-modal Study of Safety Aids Alternate T-M Titles: Transport [ation] Mark [ings]s/Transport Marks/ Transportation Control Devices/Waymarks T-M Foundations, 6th edition, 2013 (Part A, Volume I, First Studies in T-M) (2nd ed, 1991; 3rd ed. 1999; 4th ed 2005; 5th ed 2008) A First Study in T-M: The US. 2nd ed, 1992 (Part B, Vol I) International Marine Aids to Navigation, 3rd ed, 2010 (Parts C/D, Vol I), (2nd ed, 1988) [Unified lst ed, Pts A-D, 1981, University Press of America] International Traffic Control Devices, 2nd ed, 2004 (Part E, Vol II, Further Studies in T-M) (lst ed, 1984). International Railway Signals, 2nd ed, 2015 (Part F, Vol II) (lst ed, 1991). International Aero Navigation, 1994 (Part G, Vol II) T-M General Classsification, 3rd ed, 2010 (Part H, Vol II) (lst ed, 1994; 2nd ed, 2003) Transportation-Markings Database: Marine, 2nd ed, 2007 (Part Ii, Vol III, Additional Studies in T-M) (lst ed, 1997) Road, 2nd ed, 2008 (Part Iii, Vol III) (lst ed, 1998) Aero, 2nd ed, 2009 (Part Iiii, Vol III) (1st ed, 2001) Railway, 2nd ed, 2009 (Part Iiv, Vol III) (lst ed, 2000) Composite Categories Classification & Index, 2nd ed, 2012 (Part Iv, Vol III) (2nd ed, 2006) Transportation-Markings: A Hiistorical Survey, 1750-2000, 2002 (Part J, Vol IV, Final Studies in T-M) Transportation-Markings: An Integrative Systems Perspective: Communication, Information, Semiotics. 2nd ed, 2014 (Part K, Vol IV) (lst ed, 2011) T-M General
    [Show full text]
  • D7.5 Final Book
    Final Book Project acronym: STARS Project full title: Satellite Technology for Advanced Railway Signalling EC Contract No.: (H2020) 687414 Version of the document: 10 Protocol code: STR-TMT-D-UNI-074-01 Responsible partner: UNIFE Reviewing status: Final Delivery date: 30/11/2018 Dissemination level: TMT Restricted This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 687414 SATELLITE TECHNOLOGY FOR ADVANCED RAILWAY SIGNALLING CHANGE RECORDS Version Date Changes Authors 00 29.05.2018 First draft Bernhard Stamm (SIE) 01 17.07.2018 Second draft Bernhard Stamm (SIE) 02 01.10.2018 Third draft Bernhard Stamm (SIE) Bernhard Stamm (SIE) Fourth draft, section 4.3.3 added, input form Lubor Bažant (AŽD) 03 24.10.2018 AZD (WP4) and TAS (WP5) added Marc Gandara (TASF) Filippo Rodriguez (TPZ) Andrez Pazos Morantes (SIE) Fifth drat, input from SIE (WP3) and AZD 04 26.10.2018 Lubor Bažant (AŽD) (chapter 6.4) added Bernhard Stamm (SIE) Sixth draft, including overall project conclusions Bernhard Stamm (SIE) 05 28.10.2018 based on preliminary results communicated in July 2018. Bernhard Stamm (SIE) Inclusion of review comments, as well as Lubor Bažant (AŽD) 06 12.11.2018 additional input from AZD, UNIFE, UBOC, Jose Bertolin (UNIFE) Ansaldo Claudio Brenna (UBOC) Barbara Brunetti (ANS) 07 13.11.2018 Formatting minor editorial corrections Bernhard Stamm (SIE) Bernhard Stamm (SIE) Lubor Bažant (AŽD) Inclusion of review comments, as well as 08 18.11.2018 Barbara Brunetti (ANS) additional input from AZD, Ansaldo and TASF Salvatore Sabina (ANS) Damine Joly (TASF) 09 19.11.2018 Final comments from Ansaldo Bernhard Stamm (SIE) Bernhard Stamm (SIE) 10 22.11.2018 Comments from Ansaldo and Input from TASF Marc Gandara (TASF) D7.5.docx Page 2 of 92 SATELLITE TECHNOLOGY FOR ADVANCED RAILWAY SIGNALLING TABLE OF CONTENTS CHANGE RECORDS .....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • (CCS) and Migration to ERTMS
    FEASIBILITY STUDY REFERENCE FEASIBILITY STUDY REFERENCE SYSTEM ERTMS FinalSYSTEM Report ERTMS DigitalisationFinal Report of CCS (Control Command and Signalling) and MigrationDigitalisation to ERTMS of CCS (Control Command and Signalling) and Migration to ERTMS European Railway Agency - 2017 23 OP European Railway Agency - 2017 23 OP 14 AUGUST 2018 14 AUGUST 2018 FEASIBILITY STUDY REFERENCE SYSTEM ERTMS Contact ANDRÉ VAN ES Arcadis Nederland B.V. P.O. Box 220 3800 AE Amersfoort The Netherlands Our reference: 083702890 A - Date: 2 November 2018 2 of 152 FEASIBILITY STUDY REFERENCE SYSTEM ERTMS CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 9 1.1 EU Context of Feasibility Study 9 1.2 Digitalisation of the Rail Sector 9 1.3 Objectives of Feasibility Study 11 1.4 Focus of Feasibility Study 11 1.5 Report Structure 12 2 SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY 13 2.1 Methodology 13 2.2 Scope Addition 15 2.3 Wider Pallet of Interviewed Parties 15 2.4 Timeframes 19 3 INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGERS 20 3.1 Findings and Trends Infrastructure Managers 20 3.2 Reasons for Replacing Non-ETCS Components 28 3.3 Short-Term versus Long-Term 31 4 OPERATING COMPANIES 33 4.1 Dutch Railways (NS) 33 4.2 DB Cargo 35 4.3 RailGood 36 4.4 European Rail Freight Association 37 4.5 Findings and Trends Operating Companies 38 5 RAIL INDUSTRY SUPPLIERS 40 5.1 Supplier 1 40 5.2 Supplier 2 41 5.3 Supplier 3 42 5.4 Supplier 4 42 5.5 Supplier 5 42 Our reference: 083702890 A - Date: 2 November 2018 3 of 152 FEASIBILITY STUDY REFERENCE SYSTEM ERTMS 5.6 Findings and Trends Suppliers 43 6 RAILWAY INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVES
    [Show full text]
  • Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual—2Nd Edition PART
    Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual—2nd Edition PART 5 RAIL TRANSIT CAPACITY CONTENTS CHAPTER 1. RAIL CAPACITY FUNDAMENTALS................................................... 5-1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 5-1 Line Capacity ...................................................................................................................5-2 Train Control and Signaling....................................................................................... 5-2 Dwell Time ................................................................................................................... 5-3 Operating Margin........................................................................................................ 5-3 Turnbacks ..................................................................................................................... 5-3 Junctions .......................................................................................................................5-4 Mode-Specific Issues ................................................................................................... 5-5 Person Capacity ............................................................................................................... 5-5 Loading Diversity........................................................................................................ 5-5 Number of Cars ..........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Translating Train Management to Norway
    Translating Train Management to Norway Lasse Gullvåg Sætre Master thesis at the Center for Technology, Innovation and Culture Supervised by: Tone Druglitrø and Helge Ryggvik University of Oslo Norway, May 2017 I, Lasse Gullvåg Sætre, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Abstract This thesis explores the transition of Norwegian rail signaling from me- chanically to digitally based systems, delving into the translations of the European standard ERTMS to Norwegian railways. Through digital, tech- nical and bureaucratic informants, this study investigates the preparations and makings of what promises to be one of the biggest revolutions in the technology to date. The ERTMS is a railway signaling technology, an EU political technology, and a case of digitalized European information infrastructures, known by many names, such as smart cities or intelligent services. Studied through the Norwegian railway system’s digital integra- tion towards Europe during the last 20 years, this thesis inquires into the material semiotic production of rail governance in the Norwegian context, as well as what it means to be an EEA member. From expert informers from the Norwegian infrastructure manager Jernbaneverket and its partial successor Bane NOR, through documents and field studies/interventions, the ways in which key players of the Norwegian and European railway sectors change are explored, mapping out the issue of signaling, and how players prepare for a transition that was always part of larger ideas of mo- bility, machines and governance, extending far out from rail space.
    [Show full text]
  • Cumulative List of Articles by Title in the Signalling Record
    Cumulative list of articles by title in The Signalling Record The Signalling Record commenced publication as an A5 booklet in January 1987 and was issued to members six times each year until the end of 2018. From 2019 the format changed to four A4 size issues annually. This index lists the articles that have appeared but omits Letters to the Editor, Book Reviews, and Latest Signalling Alterations appear in most issues. The location column entries are the issue number followed by the number of the first page of the item. For example, the entry 45-66 refers to Signalling Record Number 45, page 66. Publication Years / Issues: 1987 1-6 1994 43-48 2001 85-90 2008 127-132 2015 169-174 1988 7-12 1995 49-54 2002 91-96 2009 133-138 2016 175-180 1989 13-18 1996 55-60 2003 97-102 2010 139-144 2017 181-186 1990 19-24 1997 61-66 2004 103-108 2011 145-150 2018 187-192 1991 25-30 1998 67-72 2005 109-114 2012 151-156 2019 193-196 1992 31-36 1999 73-78 2006 115-120 2013 157-162 2020 197-198 1993 37-42 2000 79-84 2007 121-126 2014 163-168 Title Author Issue-Page 3 Signal Boxes and 17 Levers for La Rochelle Daniel Würmser 94-125 25 Years On John Morris 50-38 40 Years Ago - Signalling Canada's First Subway Alistair N McKillop 47-146 40 Years At Buildwas Junction Laurence Blundell 165-75 40th Anniversary of the Bala Lake Railway Alan Cliff 156-203 60 years of Signalling Memories Ian Scrimgeour 33-85 1947 GW Block Instruments "Open Continuously" 33-70 A Brief History of RETB on the East Suffolk Line Chris Cock 167-162 A Brief Visitor’s Guide to Prague Richard
    [Show full text]
  • Systems Engineering Framework for Railway Control & Safety Systems
    Systems Engineering Framework for Railway Control & Safety Systems Karl Michael King A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Master of Science by Research January 2018 Department of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering University of Birmingham University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND ABSTRACT In this report I detail how I have investigated the feasibility of producing a systems engineering framework that can be applied to all forms of Railway Control & Safety (RCS) systems in order to simplify their development, delivery and implementation. Based on this research, I propose two simple models that can be used to model conventional signalling, ERTMS, CBTC and PTC systems; a functional model and a physical model. I have looked into how these models can be utilised to model specific systems and how this can then be used to identify the high-level functionality and interfaces of individual sub-systems across different physical locations and organisations. I go on to propose a simple method to keep track of individual sub- system locations and their high-level functionality. I also propose how the functional model can be represented as a negative-feedback control system.
    [Show full text]
  • Railway Signalling Principles
    Jörn Pachl Railway Signalling Principles 2 Railway Signalling Principles Published under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 Licence Author: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jörn Pachl, FIRSE Professor of railway systems engineering at Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig, June 2020 https://doi.org/10.24355/dbbs.084-202006161443-0 Railway Signalling Principles 3 PREFACE Railway signalling systems are complex control systems. As a result of the long railway histo- ry, there are a lot of specific national solutions based on different technologies. The key to learn how signalling systems work is to understand the fundamental control principles these systems are based on. By definition, the signaling principles are the underlying principles of a signalling-based safeworking system that are based on the national standards but are inde- pendent of the requirements of a specific railway operating company and of the technology used. This E-book explains the fundamental principles all railway signalling systems have in com- mon. It is done in a generic way that does not focus on specific national solutions. The inten- tion is to provide core knowledge of long-term value that will not be outdated just by the next generation of technology. The content of this E-book is based on the long-standing experi- ence of teaching railway operations and signalling at universities and higher vocational train- ing institutions in different parts of the world. Jörn Pachl https://doi.org/10.24355/dbbs.084-202006161443-0 4 Railway Signalling Principles CONTENTS Preface ..................................................................................................................................... 3 1 Basic Elements and Terms ................................................................................................... 6 1.1 Controlled Trackside Elements ....................................................................................... 6 1.1.1 Movable Track Elements .........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • ETCS Level 1 Limited Supervision for a Fast and Cost Effective Migration
    ETCSETCS LevelLevel 11 LimitedLimited SupervisionSupervision forfor aa FastFast andand CostCost EffectiveEffective MigrationMigration ofof LegacyLegacy TrainTrain ControlControl SystemsSystems toto ETCSETCS Bernhard Stamm Siemens Schweiz AG Infrastructure & Cities Sector, Mobility and Logistics © Siemens AG 2012 page 1 Wildenrath, 17 February 2012 Infrastructure & Cities Sector, Mobility and Logistics Contents What ETCS is Introducing ETCS on a network Limited Supervision Mode ETCS Rollout in Switzerland Summary / Conclusions © Siemens AG 2012 page 2 Wildenrath, 17 February 2012 Infrastructure & Cities Sector, Mobility and Logistics Contents What ETCS is Introducing ETCS on a network Limited Supervision Mode ETCS Rollout in Switzerland Summary / Conclusions © Siemens AG 2012 page 3 Wildenrath, 17 February 2012 Infrastructure & Cities Sector, Mobility and Logistics What ETCS is . The “European Train Control System” ETCS supervises train movement in regards to speed and distance travelled, based on information provided by an underlying signalling system . ETCS consists of onboard and trackside subsystems performing standardised functions and are communicating via Eurobalise, Euroloop and GSM-R using standardised protocols . ETCS provides full cab signalling and can be used either as an overlay onto classical signalling systems with lineside signals or without them . The term ERTMS is used when referring to ETCS and GSM-R as one system . ETCS has been developed to replace all existing mainline train control systems in Europe © Siemens AG 2012 page 4 Wildenrath, 17 February 2012 Infrastructure & Cities Sector, Mobility and Logistics What ETCS is . ETCS is fairly complex, as it has to deliver at least the functionality and performance of all systems it shall replace . Some requirements have been pushed even higher, e.g.
    [Show full text]